Ukulinganiswa kwe-polymeter viscosity kunokwenza okanye kuphule yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa i-PET. Kwabo bagxile kwishishini le-PET, utshintsho oluvela kwiindlela ezinzima zezandla ukuya kubuchwepheshe obuphambili obuphambili lubonisa inyathelo elibalulekileyo eliya ekusebenzeni kakuhle, kumgangatho, kunye nokuzinza.I-Viscometer yeForoko yokuThunga iLonnmeterivela njengotshintsho kumdlalo, inika ulwazi ngexesha langempela malungai-polymer viscosityezinika amandla abavelisi ukuba baphucule zonke iinkalo zomsebenzi wabo.
Ukubaluleka kokulinganisa i-PET Viscosity
Ii-viscosity ye-polymernjenge-PET ayilonani nje kuphela, elichaza indlela i-polymer enyibilikisiweyo ehamba ngayo, indlela iibhotile ezigcina ngayo imo yazo, okanye indlela iifayibha ezigcina ngayo amandla azo.umlinganiselo we-polymer viscosityiqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zakho ze-PET ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho eqinileyo yokuqina, ukucaca, kunye nokusebenza kuzo zonke izicelo ezifana nokupakisha, amalaphu, kunye neeplastiki zobunjineli. Ngokusebenzisa isixhobo sokulinganisa i-viscosity esiphambili esikwi-inline, ufumana amandla okukhusela iziphene, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, ngakumbi xa usebenzisa i-PET ehlaziyiweyo (rPET).
Yintoni iPolyethylene Terephthalate?
I-Polyethylene terephthalate, okanye i-PET, yi-polyester ye-thermoplastic ezelwe yi-polycondensation ye-terephthalic acid kunye ne-ethylene glycol, edume ngokudibanisa kwayo okugqwesileyo kweempawu. Isithintelo sayo esomeleleyo kwiigesi kunye nokufuma, kunye namandla aphezulu oomatshini kunye nokucaca okubonakalayo, kuyenza ibe yinto ekhethwayo kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwiibhotile zesiselo ukuya kwizinto zeemoto.i-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PETihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobunzima bayo bemolekyuli, nto leyo egqiba ukuba ifanelekile na kwiifayibha zelaphu ezine-viscosity ephantsi (0.4–0.7 dL/g) okanye kwiiklasi zeebhotile ezine-viscosity ephezulu (0.7–0.85 dL/g). Njengoko ubude betsheyini bukhula ngexesha lokwenziwa, kunjalo nangobude be-synthesis.i-viscosity ye-polymer, ebumba ukusebenziseka kwayo kwaye ivumela usetyenziso olulungiselelwe wena oluhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, kubandakanya nokuhlanganiswa okukhulayo kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Yintoni i-Intrinsic Viscosity ye-PET
Ii-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PETyi-metric ebalulekileyo ehlukanisa igalelo le-molecule ye-polymer kwindlela yokuziphatha kokuhamba kwamanzi, echazwa kwii-deciliters ngegram (dL/g). Ibonakalisa umthamo we-hydrodynamic wee-PET chains kwisisombululo esinyibilikisiweyo, esebenza njengesalathisi esithembekileyo sobunzima be-molecular ngaphandle kwemiphumo edidayo yoxinzelelo. Umzekelo, amanqanaba elaphu adla ngokuba phakathi kwe-0.4 ukuya kwi-0.7 dL/g, ngelixa iiplastiki zobunjineli zifuna i-1.0 ukuya kwi-2.0 dL/g. Le parameter ikhokela abaprosesa ekuqikeleleni indlela yokuziphatha kokunyibilika, amandla oomatshini, kunye nokufaneleka kwezicelo ezithile. Utshintsho kwi-crystallinity okanye ukuwohloka lunokutshintsha.i-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PET, okwenza umlinganiselo ochanekileyo ube yimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwimithombo ye-PET engabonakaliyo nephinda isetyenziswe, ukukhusela umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo.
i-viscosity yangaphakathi yesilwanyana sasekhaya
I-intrinsic viscosity ye-PET kuxhomekeke kwisicelo sayo
Indlela yokulinganisa ubungqindilili be-PET ngokuqhubekayo
Umlinganiselo we-viscosity ye-PET ngexesha langempela ukusuka kwindlela yokusabela edinga abasebenzi abaninzi ukuya kwindlela eqhubekayo, enika ithuba lokungena kwinkqubo ye-polymerization ngexesha langempela.isisombululo esinyibilikisayo se-viscosity yee-polymersUvavanyo, kusetyenziswa ii-viscometer zeglasi ze-capillary, lufuna ukulungiswa kwesampuli ngesandla kunye nomthamo omkhulu we-solvent, nto leyo enciphisa imveliso.
Nomgcaii-viscometer ze-polymer, njengeLonnmeter, iguqula oku ngokudibanisa ngqo kwiireactors okanye imigca ye-extrusion, ilinganisai-polymer viscosityngokusebenzisa utshintsho lwefrikhwensi ye-resonant kwi-tuning fork sensor. Ii-aliquots zesampulu ezincinci zihlalutywa rhoqo, kunye ne-relative viscosity ratios ezibalwe kwaye zichazwe kwii-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PETkusetyenziswa iimodeli ezifana ne-Solomon-Cutà equation. Ukulungiswa kobushushu kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuba balungise iiparameter zempendulo ngoko nangoko, nto leyo ephucula ulawulo phezu kobunzima beemolekyuli kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo.
Imingeni kwi-PET Viscosity Measurement
Ukulinganisai-polymer viscositykwimveliso yePET kugcwele imingeni efuna izisombululo ezintsonkothileyo. I-PET ephinda isetyenziswe (rPET) ivelisa ukuguquguquka ngenxa yokufunyanwa okungaguquguqukiyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungaguquguqukiyoi-viscosity ye-polymerukufundwa okunokuphazamisa ukusetyenzwa. Amanqanaba aphezulu ekristali afuna ukunyibilika kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-100°C, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni ukuqhekeka kwetsheyini kunye nokuwohloka okujikayoi-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PETiziphumo. Zemvelii-viscosity yesisombululo esinyibilikisiweyoIindlela azidli nje ixesha kodwa zikwabeka abaqhubi kwizithambisi ezinobungozi ezifana ne-phenol okanye i-tetrachloroethane, nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko wokhuseleko. Ukongeza, ukudibanisa i-viscosity yesisombululo ukuze kunyibilike i-viscosity phantsi kweemeko zokucubungula ezi-high-shear kuhlala kuyinkimbinkimbi, ngelixa i-hydrolysis ebangelwa kukufuma inokunciphisa ngakumbi i-viscosity, iyenze nzima ulawulo lomgangatho. Ezi zithintelo zigxininisa imfuneko yeenkqubo ezizenzekelayo, ezikwi-intanethi ukuze zinikeze idatha ethembekileyo, yexesha langempela.
- Ukuguquguquka kwi-rPETImithombo eyahlukeneyo ibangela ukungangqinelanii-polymer viscosity, umngeni wokufana kweqela.
- Ukonakala kobushushu: Ubushushu obuphezulu bokunyibilika bunokubeka emngciphekweni ukwehlai-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PETngokusebenzisa ukuqhekeka kwetyathanga.
- Iingozi ze-solvent: Incwadi yesandlaisisombululo esinyibilikisayo se-viscosity yee-polymersUvavanyo lunyusa amathuba okuba umntu afumane iikhemikhali ezinobungozi.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwexeshaIindlela zemveli zicothisa uhlalutyo, zilibazisa uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo.
- Ukuxhomekeka ekuchebeni: Umahluko phakathi kwesisombululo kunye ne-melt viscosity unzima ukuqikelela.
- Uvakalelo lokufuma: I-Hydrolysis ngexesha lokukhupha i-extrusion iyanciphisai-viscosity ye-polymer, echaphazela umgangatho.
- Ulawulo lobushushu: Imbuyekezo echanekileyo ibalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe iimpazamo zokulinganisa.
Kutheni Ukubeka Iliso Ngokuqhubekayo Kwi-Intanethi Kubalulekile Ekwenziweni Kwe-PET?
Ukubeka esweni rhoqo kwi-intanethii-polymer viscosityiguqula ukwenziwa kwePET ngokubonelela ngokutya okuphilayo kwe-molecular weight dynamics, okuvumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo olungenakufaniswa novavanyo lwebhetshi. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba inqanaba ngalinye le-polymerization—ukusuka kwi-monomer reaction ukuya kwi-melt processing—lihambelana neenkcukacha ezijoliswe kuyo, linciphisa ukuphambuka okunokubeka emngciphekweni umgangatho wemveliso. Ngokudibanisai-polymer ye-viscometer emgceni, abavelisi bavula uluhlu lweenzuzo eziphakamisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuzinza, okwenzaindlela yokulinganisa i-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PETinzuzo ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yanamhlanje.
- Ulawulo lwenkqubo oluphuculweyo ngohlalutyo olungcono: Ixesha elilungileumlinganiselo we-polymer viscosityivumela uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo kwiimeko zokusabela, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okuqhubekekayo kwetyathanga.
- Umgangatho ophucukileyo wemveliso kunye nokungachithi mali kangako: Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kwe-viscosity anomalies kunciphisa iibhetshi ezingaqhelekanga, kunyusa isivuno kwaye kunciphisa ilahleko yezinto.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okunciphileyo: Iiparameter ezilungiselelweyo zithintela ukucutshungulwa kakhulu, zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiireactors nakwiextruders.
- Ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi oluphuculweyo: Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zinciphisa ukuphathwa kwezinto ezinyibilikayo ezishushu kunye nezinyibilikisi ezinetyhefu, nto leyo ephucula ukhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza.
- Impendulo ekhawulezileyo kwiingxaki: Ii-loops zempendulo ezikhawulezileyo zivumela ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza, zigcina ukuhamba kwemveliso.
- Inkxaso yokuhlanganiswa kwe-rPET: Ukubeka esweni okuqhubekayo kuyaqinisekisai-viscosity ye-polymerkwimisinga ephinda isetyenziswe, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana.
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko: Uhlalutyo lwelabhoratri oluncinci luyenza lula imisebenzi, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko ezingaphezulu.
Funda Ngakumbi ngeeMetha zoBuxinano
Iimitha zeNkqubo ezingakumbi kwi-Intanethi
I-Viscometer yeForoko yokuThunga iLonnmeter
II-Viscometer yeForoko yokuThunga iLonnmeteryenzelwe ukujongana neemfuno zeumlinganiselo we-polymer viscositykwimveliso yePET, inika ukuchaneka okungenakuthelekiswa nanto kunye nokuqina. Ngoluhlu lwe-viscosity oluqala kwi-1 ukuya kwi-8,000 cP, ukuchaneka kwe-±3.0%, kunye nokuphindaphindwa kwe-±1%, isebenza phantsi koxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-6.4 MPa kunye namaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-450°C, igcinwe kwindawo ebiyelweyo ene-IP66 eqhutywa yi-24 V DC. Imveliso yayo ye-4-20 mA DC, eyakhiwe ngezinto eziqinileyo ezifana ne-316L stainless steel, iTeflon, okanye iHastelloy, kwaye ihambelana nemigangatho yeflange ye-HG20592, iqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwiindawo zoshishino. Iqinisekisiwe ukuba ayiqhumi (ExdIIBT4), iphendula kwimizuzwana emi-5 kuphela, okwenza ukuba ilungele ixesha langempela.i-viscosity ye-polymerukubeka esweni.
Le viscometer isebenzisa isignali ye-acoustic ukuze ivuselele ifolokhwe yokulungisa yesinyithi, eshukumayo kwisandi sayo sendalo sokuvakala—isandi esiqhagamshelwe ngqo kwii-viscosity ye-polymerxa idibana nayo. Uhlalutyo oluphambili lwefrikhwensi, kunye nokulungiswa kobushushu, lubonelela ngokuchanekileyoi-polymer viscosityukufundwa, ukulwa nokuguquguquka kobushushu okunokuphazamisa iziphumo. Le teknoloji iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwiimeko ezinzima zokwenziwa kwePET, ukusuka kwiireactors ezinyibilikisiweyo ukuya kwiiextruders ezicociweyo kakhulu.
Iingenelo ze-Inline Viscometer
Ukwamkela i-inline viscometer efana neLonnmeter echaza ngokutshaindlela yokulinganisa i-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PET, enika inyathelo eliya phambili ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasekuthembekeni xa kuthelekiswa nelemveliisisombululo esinyibilikisayo se-viscosity yee-polymersiindlela. Ngokubonelela ngedatha eqhubekayo, yexesha langempela, inika amandla abavelisi ukuba baphucule iinkqubo, banciphise inkunkuma, kwaye baphucule umgangatho wemveliso, konke oku ngelixa behambelana neenjongo zokuzinza ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-rPET okusebenzayo.
- Uhlalutyo olukhawulezayo: Inciphisa ixesha lokulinganisa xa kuthelekiswa nencwadi yesandlai-viscosity yesisombululo esinyibilikisiweyoiindlela.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe-solvent okuphantsi: Inciphisa inkunkuma, inciphisa impembelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
- Uyilo oluqinileyo: Ithintela ukuvaleka kokuhamba kwe-PET okuxineneyo, iqinisekisa ukuba ixesha liyasebenza.
- Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: Ifumana i-RSD engaphantsi kwe-1% yokuthembekai-polymer viscosityidatha.
- Ukusetyenziswa okuguquguqukayo: Iphatha zombini i-PET engekatshintshi nengasetyenziswanga ngokulula.
- Ukonga iindleko: Inciphisa iimveliso ezingachazwanga kunye neendleko zovavanyo lwelebhu.
- Ukuphucula uzinzo: Ixhasa ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwe-rPET ngolawulo lomgangatho oluqhubekayo.
Kutheni wamkele into ephelelwe lixesha, incwadi yesikhokelo?umlinganiselo we-polymer viscosityxa unako ukusebenzisa amandla eI-Viscometer yeForoko yokuThunga iLonnmeter√ Phakamisa inkqubo yakho ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha langempela, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo. Qhagamshelana nathi ngoku ukuze uhlole indlela obu buchwephesha obunokuyitshintsha ngayo imveliso yakho yezilwanyana zasekhaya, uqinisekise umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Thatha inyathelo namhlanje—impumelelo yakho elandelayo ikulindele!
