Ukulinganiswa koxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile ekulawuleni umgangatho webhafu. Ixhasa ukujonga ibhafu ye-zinc ngexesha langempela kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo okuqhubekayo. Iindlela zokulinganisa kwindawo ethile—kuquka iimitha zoxinano lwe-ultrasonic zebhafu ye-zinc, njengeLonnmeter—zivumela abaqhubi ukuba bajonge uxinano njengoko kusenzeka iplating, balungise izinto ezifakwayo kwaye bathintele iimpazamo ngaphambi kokuba zonakalise iziphumo zokugquma. Le ndlela ixhasa ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokuhlamba egqunyiweyo kunye nokuthobela imithetho, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokunciphisa iindawo ezingafunwayo.
Ukubaluleka kobuninzi beZinc Solution kwi-Electrolytic Bath Galvanizing
Uxinano lwesisombululo kwibhafu ye-zinc egayiweyo ibumba ngokuthe ngqo iziphumo eziphambili zenkqubo ye-zinc plating, ichaphazela ukufana kwe-plating, ukunamathela, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. I-electrolytic bath galvanizing ixhomekeke kwi-electrolyte engamanzi etyebileyo kwi-zinc ions. Uxinzelelo—okanye uxinano—lwale ions lumisela indlela i-zinc efakwa ngayo kwiindawo zesinyithi kwaye, ekugqibeleni, umgangatho wokhuseleko ofezekisiweyo.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba uxinano olufanelekileyo lwebhafu luvumela ukujiya okuhlala kufana kunye nokufana komphezulu. Umzekelo, ukonyuka koxinano lwe-zinc ion kunokuvelisa iileya ezijiyileyo ukuba ixesha lokuplata kunye noxinano lwangoku lulawulwa ngononophelo. Nangona kunjalo, uxinano olugqithisileyo lwesisombululo lunyusa i-viscosity, lunciphise ukuhamba kwee-ion kunye nokuthuthwa kobunzima. Oku kunokucothisa ukufakwa kwe-zinc kwaye kukhuthaze ukugqunywa kwe-zinc okunemingxuma kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Izifundo ngeebhafu ze-zinc sulfate ezine-acid zifumanise ukuba uxinano oluphezulu kakhulu, ngakumbi xa ludibene nombane ophezulu, lubangela iimpendulo ezingalindelekanga ezifana nokuguquka kwe-hydrogen kunye nomgangatho ophantsi. Isiphumo: ukuncipha kobunyani boomatshini kunye nokuncipha kweempawu zokukhusela zengubo.
Ibhafu yeZinc egayiweyo
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Ukugcina uxinano oluchanekileyo lwebhafu ye-zinc kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye nomgangatho weplati. Ulwakhiwo lwe-electrolyte olulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo luqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ombane—umlinganiselo wokuba amandla ombane aguquka kangakanani abe yi-zinc deposition eluncedo ngokuchasene namandla alahlekileyo kwiimpendulo ezingalindelekanga. Uxinano oluphezulu lunokubonakala luluncedo kwithiyori, kuba luthatha indawo yee-ion ze-zinc ezingaphezulu kwiplati. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, uxinano olugqithisileyo ludla ngokuzisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle okubangelwa yi-viscosity kunye nokungazinzi kwenkqubo. Njengoko uxinano lwangoku lusanda, ukusebenza kakuhle kweplati ekuqaleni kunokuphucula kodwa ekugqibeleni kuya kuncipha okanye kwehle ukuba uxinano lwesisombululo luphezulu kakhulu.
Ngamafutshane, ukulinganiswa koxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc kusembindini wolawulo lwebhafu ye-electrolytic galvanizing. Iqhuba ukufana, ukunamathela, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, okuchaphazela phantse yonke into yomgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwebhafu ye-zinc plating. Kuphela ngokubekwa esweni ngononophelo nangokuchanekileyo kunye nolawulo loxinano lwebhafu apho iipropati zokukhusela kunye nezoomatshini ezifunekayo ze-galvaning coating zinokuphunyezwa ngokuthembekileyo.
Iingcamango ezingundoqo zokulinganisa imeko kwi-Zinc Bath Galvanizing
Ukulinganisa kwimeko-bume kwimeko ye-zinc bath galvanizing kubhekisa ekumiselweni ngokuthe ngqo nangokuqhubekayo kweemeko zokuhlamba—ezifana noxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc—ngaphandle kwesidingo sokurhoxiswa kwesampulu okanye uhlalutyo lwelebhu. Le ndlela isebenza embindini wenkqubo ye-zinc plating, inika ulwazi oluphilayo noluchanekileyo malunga nemeko ye-zinc bath galvanizing, nangona phakathi kwemilinganiselo yokusebenza efunekayo eqhelekileyo yomgca we-electrolytic bath galvanizing.
Umahluko kwiSampuli yesiqhelo kunye noHlalutyo lweLebhu
Iindlela zemveli zokulawula umgangatho webhafu yokugquma i-zinc ziquka ukukhupha iisampulu zebhafu rhoqo kunye nokuzihlalutya kwiilabhoratri ezingaphandle kwe-intanethi. Le ndlela inemida ephambili:
- Ukuthatha iisampulu kunokuphazamisa imeko yokuhlamba kwaye kubangele umngcipheko wongcoliseko.
- Uhlalutyo lwelebhu lucotha, ludla ngokufuna iiyure ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo, nto leyo ebambezela uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo.
- Amaxesha okulinganisa angafane avumele ukutyibilika komgangatho phakathi kweesampuli.
- Ukulungiswa kobushushu kunye neempazamo zabantu zihlala ziyingxaki.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iindlela zokulinganisa uxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc esikwi-situ—ezifana ne-ultrasonic density meter yokuhlamba i-zinc kunye nokulinganisa i-ultrasonic yee-plating baths—zisusa ukulibaziseka kwesampulu kunye nesidingo sokulungiswa kobushushu. Idatha iqokelelwa rhoqo, ngokuthe ngqo kwi-galvanizing zinc bath, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kuhambelana neemeko zokuhlamba ngexesha langempela. Lo mahluko uguqulela kutshintsho olunyathelo ekuphenduleni nasekumeleni i-bath, ukuthintela imigibe yeendlela ezisekwe kwilebhu.
Iingenelo zokulinganisa imeko
Ukubeka iliso kwibhafu ye-zinc ngexesha langempela kuphucula ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yokuhlamba ngokuhambisa idatha esebenzisekayo ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Abaqhubi banokulandela ngoko nangoko uxinaniso lwe-zinc, amanqanaba enkunkuma, okanye ungcoliseko kuyo yonke inkqubo yokubeka i-zinc. Uzinzo lwebhafu ye-galvanizing luphucuka kakhulu ngenxa yezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukuchongwa kwangoko kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga kwenza ukuba kulungiswe inkqubo ngoko nangoko—kuthintelwe ukugqunywa okungalunganga kunye nokungcola okugqithisileyo.
- Iindlela zokuphendula ngokuzenzekelayo zigcina ulawulo lweekhemikhali; umzekelo, ukubonisa kanye ukuba umjikelo wokucoca ugqitywa nini ngokusekelwe kwimiqondiso yokuguqulwa kwenkunkuma.
- Ukubeka esweni rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuba uxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc lugcinwa ngaphakathi kwemilinganiselo efanelekileyo, kunciphisa inkunkuma ye-reagent kunye namandla kwaye kukhuthaza ukusebenza okuzinzileyo.
Ii-analyzers ezidibeneyo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa uxinano lwe-in situ zinciphisa isidingo sokungenelela komqhubi. Olu zenzekelayo luxhasa imveliso eqhubekayo, ukhuseleko oluphezulu, kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lomgangatho kwindawo yokuhlamba i-zinc egayiweyo.
Ukuya ekulinganisweni kwe-real time, okuzenzakalelayo kwindawo ethile—isiseko solawulo lwanamhlanje lomgangatho wokuhlamba nge-galvanizing—kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugcina umgangatho ophezulu wokugquma, ukunciphisa ilahleko zemveliso, kunye nokuphucula ulawulo lwekhemistri yokuhlamba—iingenelo ezingenakufezekiswa ngeenkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokuthatha iisampulu zelebhu kunye nohlalutyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifana neLonnmeter kubonisa olu tshintsho, okuvumela ukulinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo nangokuthembekileyo koxinano lwe-ultrasonic lweebhafu zokugquma ngelixa kuhanjiswa idatha ebalulekileyo yokwenza ngcono inkqubo yokuhlamba izinki imini nobusuku.
Ulwakhiwo lweZinc Plating Bath kunye neeNguqu zeNkqubo
Iibhafu zokugquma i-zinc zakhiwe kwiikhemikhali ezintathu eziphambili: i-acidic (njenge-zinc sulfate okanye i-chloride), i-alkaline (iinkqubo ze-zincate ezingenayo i-cyanide), kunye nezisombululo ezisekelwe kwi-cyanide. Ikhemistri nganye ineenzuzo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemingeni yokusebenza.
Iibhafu zeZinc ezimuncu
Iibhafu ze-asidi, ikakhulu ezisekwe kwi-sulfate okanye kwi-chloride, zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla aphezulu kunye needipozithi ezicwebezelayo nezicacileyo. Ziyaphumelela kwiindawo ezizenzekelayo, ezisebenzisa amandla aphezulu, zivelisa iingubo ezifanayo kwi-substrates zentsimbi. Sekunjalo, ulawulo oluqinileyo kwi-zinc kunye noxinzelelo lwe-asidi lubalulekile; i-zinc enganeleyo ikhokelela ekugqunyweni okurhabaxa, okunemingxuma, ngelixa amanqanaba aphezulu ecotha ukubekwa, okonakalisa imo yeenkozo, kwaye onzakalisa ukumelana nokugqwala. Izongezo—kuquka izikhanyisi kunye nezilinganisi—zibalulekile apha ekugcineni ukugqwala kunye nokuhla komgangatho. Ukuguquka kwe-hydrogen ngokukhawuleza kukuphazamiseka, kufuna ukushukunyiswa okucokisekileyo kunye nolawulo lobushushu.
Iibhafu ze-Alkaline Zinc (ezingenayo i-Cyanide)
Izisombululo ze-alkaline zincate zibonelela ngeedipozithi ezithambileyo nezinamathelayo. Ezi bhafu zixatyiswa ngenxa yendalo yazo yokuxolela malunga nokungcola kwe-substrate kunye namandla azo aphezulu okuphosa—into ephambili xa kudityaniswa iijometri ezintsonkothileyo. Ukukhanya kunye nokulungiswa kweenkozo kuxhomekeke kwizithako ze-organic ezilungisiweyo ngononophelo: ii-carriers, ii-boosters, ii-brighteners, kunye nee-levelers zisebenza ngokubambisana ekugqityweni okufana nesipili. Amanqanaba aphantsi e-booster avelisa iidipozithi ezikhanyayo ngakumbi, ngelixa ibhalansi engafanelekanga inokubangela iileya ezibuthathaka nezingafaniyo. Utshintsho lokusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo lwenza iibhafu ze-alkaline ezingena-cyanide zibe ngumgangatho oqhelekileyo, kodwa zifuna ulawulo olubukhali loxinzelelo lwezongezo kunye ne-pH.
Iibhafu zeZinc ezisekwe kwiCyanide
Nangona imbali idumile kwaye isebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezinzima, iibhafu ze-cyanide zitshintshwa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yobuthi obugqithisileyo kunye nenkxalabo yokulawula. Ezi bhafu zivelisa iingubo ezifanayo kakhulu, ezinamathelayo kwaye zibalaseleyo ekugubungeleni iimilo ezinzima, kodwa umngcipheko omkhulu wempilo kunye nokuthobela imithetho uyawuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Uphando lwangoku kunye neendlela zoshishino ziya kuthanda ngakumbi iinkqubo ze-asidi okanye ze-alkaline ezinobunjineli obuphambili bokongeza.
Iinguqu zeNkqubo eziBalulekileyo
Ukufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo kwinkqubo yokufakelwa kwezinki kuxhomekeke kulawulo oluqinileyo lwezinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo:
- Ukugxila:Uxinzelelo lwe-ion ye-zinc luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubukhulu be-coating, i-morphology, kunye nokunamathela. Kwiibhafu ze-asidi, uxinano olungafanelekanga lunokungenisa uburhabaxa okanye amazinga aphantsi okubekwa. Kwiinkqubo ze-alkaline, uxinano luchaphazela zombini ukufana kunye nokubonakalisa. Ukulinganiswa koxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc ngexesha langempela kusetyenziswa iimitha zoxinano lwe-ultrasonic—ezifana neLonnmeter—zibonelela ngokubekwa kweliso kwibhafu kwindawo yokugcina uxinano olujoliswe kuyo kunye nomgangatho webhafu. Oku kwenza ukuba kubonwe ngokukhawuleza ukuphambuka kwaye kuphucula ukuphindaphinda kwenkqubo.
- Ubushushu:Ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwamaqondo obushushu angama-40–50°C kubonelela ngengubo egudileyo nelinganayo; amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akhawulezisa ukukhula kweenkozo kodwa abeka umngcipheko wokuba zizinto ezirhabaxa neziqhekekileyo kwaye azinakumelana nokugqwala. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-electroplating kuhlala ngaphezulu kwama-95% kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo, kodwa umgangatho womphezulu utshintsha kakhulu xa kutshintshwe amaqondo obushushu.
- Ukuphazamiseka:Ukuxubana kwebhafu kuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokusasazwa kwee-ion rhoqo. Ukuxubana okusebenzayo kuthintela ukuthambeka okunokubangela iziphene okanye ukungalingani kweediphozithi.
- Izongezo:Umxube kunye nomlinganiselo wezongezo zendalo—izithwali, izixhasi, izikhanyisi, iileveli—zibaluleke kakhulu ekufezekiseni ulwakhiwo lwengqolowa olufunekayo, ukunamathela, kunye nomphezulu okhanyayo. Iindlela ezifana nohlalutyo lwe-voltammetric zivumela ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwamanqanaba ongezelelweyo kwindawo ethile, ukuxhasa ulawulo lomgangatho webhafu olusebenzisa i-galvanizing kunye neziphumo eziphuculweyo.
Impembelelo yoBume be-Electrolyte kwiimpawu zokugquma
Ukwakheka kwe-electrolyte ngokusisiseko kulawula ubukhulu be-coating, ukulingana komphezulu, ukunamathela, kunye nomgangatho kwinkqubo ye-zinc plating. Iibhafu ezine-asidi zivelisa iileya ezicolekileyo nezikhazimlayo xa uxinaniso kunye nezongezo zilinganisiwe. Iibhafu ze-alkaline zinika ii-coating eziqinileyo nezithambileyo, kunye nokusasazwa kobukhulu obuphezulu kwiimilo ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni. Iibhafu ze-cyanide—nangona ngoku zinqabile—zinikezela ngokunamathela kunye nokugubungela okuphezulu, ngakumbi kwi-geometries ezinzima.
Iinkqubo zokongeza ezenzelwe ikhemistri yokuhlamba zilawula ubungakanani bengqolowa kunye nokukhanya kwediphozithi. Umzekelo, kwiibhafu ze-alkaline, ukulungisa i-carrier-booster synergy kulawula ulwakhiwo lwengqolowa kunye nokukhanya komphezulu. Iibhafu ezixineneyo kakhulu okanye izongezo ezingalawulwa kakuhle zinokubangela ukuba iingubo ezixineneyo kodwa ezibuthathaka okanye ezingalinganiyo zinciphe, nto leyo enciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwaye ibeke emngciphekweni iipropati zoomatshini.
Ukuhambelana kobuninzi kunye noBume beBath kunye neziphumo zePlating
Uxinano lwebhafu olufakelwe i-zinc lubonisa uxinano lwe-electrolyte kunye nomxholo wokongeza. Uxinano lwebhafu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni iimpawu zomzimba nezokusebenza kweengubo ze-zinc ezigciniweyo. Iingubo ezijiyileyo nezinamathelayo ziyavela njengoko uxinano lwebhafu lusanda, kodwa uxinano olugqithisileyo lunokunciphisa ukulingana komphezulu kwaye lubangele iziphene ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukubeka iliso kwibhafu ye-zinc ngexesha langempela—ingakumbi kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo we-ultrasonic weebhafu zokufakelwa i-zinc—kuxhasa uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo ngokukhawuleza, ukugcina uxinano lwebhafu lukwimigangatho efanelekileyo yobukhulu kunye nokunamathela kwengubo ekujoliswe kuyo.
Izifundo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba ubukhulu bengubo elinganisiweyo budla ngokugqitha iimodeli zethiyori, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukusebenzisana okuntsonkothileyo kwebhafu kunye neplati kungabonwa ngokupheleleyo zii-equation zemveli. Uvavanyo loyilo lwe-factorial luqinisekisa ukuba zombini uxinano kunye ne-alloying (umz., umxholo we-nickel) kuphakamisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwengubo, ukuqina, kunye neempawu zobuhle. Ukulungelelanisa iindlela zokulinganisa kwindawo ethile, ezifana nezo zibonelelwa yiLonnmeter, kuqinisekisa ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokwenza ngcono inkqubo ekulawuleni i-galvanizing zinc bath.
Iindlela zokulinganisa uxinano lweNdawo
Ukulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo uxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc ngaphakathi kwebhafu ye-zinc egayiweyo kubalulekile kulawulo lwenkqubo yexesha langempela, okuvumela ikhemistri yebhafu efanelekileyo kunye nolawulo lomgangatho webhafu egayiweyo. Iindlela zokulinganisa ezikwindawo ethile ziyathandwa ukuze kubekwe esweni rhoqo kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho lwemeko yebhafu ngexesha lenkqubo yokufaka i-zinc.
Imitha yoBunzima be-Ultrasonic yeLonnmeter: Imigaqo, Ukusebenza, kunye nokuChaneka
Imitha yoxinano lwe-ultrasonic yeLonnmeter ilinganisa uxinano lwebhafu ye-zinc ngokudlulisa amaza e-ultrasonic kwisisombululo. Ixesha lokubhabha kunye nokuncitshiswa kwezi pulses kunxulumene noxinano lwelwelo. Ukulinganiswa kwe-ultrasonic yeebhafu zeplating kuxhomekeke kubudlelwane phakathi kwesantya sesandi kunye noxinano oluphakathi, okuvumela ukufundwa okuchanekileyo, okungangenisi.
Ukusebenza kubandakanya indibano ye-transducer efakwe ngqo ebhafini, ithatha iisampulu rhoqo kwisisombululo se-zinc. Ii-algorithms eziphambili zemitha ziguqulela imilinganiselo ye-ultrasonic pulse ibe ngamaxabiso oxinano. Inkcazo yokulinganisa kwindawo ifuna ukuqokelelwa kwedatha ngexesha langempela kwindawo ngaphandle kokususa iisampulu. Izixhobo zeLonnmeter zibonelela:
- Ukubeka esweni i-zinc bath ngexesha langempela, ukubonelela ngempendulo rhoqo yokuphucula inkqubo.
- Amandla okuphendula ngokukhawuleza; ukufundwa koxinano kuhlaziywa kwimizuzwana embalwa.
- Ukuchaneka ngokubanzi kungaphakathi kwe-±0.001 g/cm³ kwizisombululo ze-zinc, nangona ukuchaneka kokugqibela kuxhomekeke ekulinganisweni kunye neemeko zokuhlamba.
Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela ezenziwe ngesandla, imitha yoxinano lwe-ultrasonic yebhafu ye-zinc inciphisa umsebenzi kunye nomngcipheko wongcoliseko okanye impazamo yesampulu, ixhasa iziphumo ezihambelanayo ze-electrolytic bath galvanizing.
Ukuthelekisa neendlela ezingangqalanga: iHydrometer, iSample Removal, iTitration
Ukulinganisa uxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc esingathanga ngqo sendabuko kubandakanya iisampulu ezibonakalayo kunye nohlalutyo lwelebhu olulandelayo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- I-Hydrometer: Isebenzisa imigaqo yokubhabha ukuze iqikelele uxinano. Uvakalelo luncitshiswa kukuguquguquka kobushushu kunye nongcoliseko lokuhlambela. Ukufundwa akuqhubeki kwaye kusenokungahambi emva kotshintsho lokwenyani lokuhlambela.
- Ukurhoxiswa kweSampuli: Kubandakanya ukukhupha ulwelo lokuhlamba, oludla ngokulandelwa kuhlalutyo lokulinganisa okanye lomthamo. Ingozi ifumana isampuli yongcoliseko kwaye inokuchaphazeleka kukwahlulwahlulwa kwitanki ye-zinc bath galvanizing.
- Uhlu lwezikhundla: Iqikelela uxinano lwe-zinc ion kodwa ayivelisi ngqo uxinano lwesisombululo. Ifuna ii-reagents zeekhemikhali, ii-operators ezinezakhono, kunye neesampuli zamaxesha ngamaxesha. Ixesha elibekiweyo linokuchaphazela ulawulo lwenkqubo.
Iindlela ezingathanga ngqo zifuna ukungenelela ngesandla, ukwandisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa ukuphendula kwiinguqu zokwakheka kwebhafu. Iindlela zokulinganisa uxinano lwebhafu ngexesha langempela, ezinje ngeemitha ze-ultrasonic zeLonnmeter ziyazoyisa ezi ngxaki, zibonelela ngempendulo eqhubekayo nethe ngqo yokuphucula inkqubo yebhafu.
Ukufakelwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa koHlalutyo oluQhubekekayo lweBath
Ukufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekulinganisweni okuthembekileyo kwe-ultrasound yeebhafu zokufaka iipleyiti. Amanyathelo aphambili kunye nezinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ziquka:
- Beka ii-sensors zeLonnmeter kude namaqamza omoya kunye nokuxinana. Ziphephe iindawo eziphezulu okanye ukufakwa kwangoko emva kokungena/ukuphuma, kuba ezi zinto ziphazamisana nokufundwa ngokuchanekileyo.
- Qinisekisa ukuba imibhobho imile ngokuthe tye ngokwaneleyo, iphezulu nesezantsi, ukuze kubekho iiprofayili zokuhamba kwamanzi ezizinzileyo apho imitha ifakwe khona.
- Imibhobho okanye iindawo zokuhlambela ezicocekileyo nezigudileyo zinciphisa ukulahleka kwesiginali. Ziphephe iindawo ezinesikali okanye umhlwa.
- Lungelelanisa ii-transducers usebenzisa ulungelelwaniso lwe-“V” okanye “Z” ukuze kusasazeke kakuhle amaza. Beka ii-sensors ecaleni kwemibhobho ethe tye ukuze unciphise iimpazamo ezivela kumaqamza okanye kwintlambo.
- Sebenzisa isiseko esiqinileyo kunye nesikhuselo kwi-transducer nakwi-elektroniki, ingakumbi kufakelo lwesinyithi, ukuthintela ingxolo yombane ekuchaphazeleni ukulinganiswa kwe-ultrasonic pulse.
- Lungiselela useto lwesensor ngeeparamitha zokuhlamba nezitya ezichanekileyo, kuquka ububanzi, ubukhulu bodonga, kunye neempawu zezinto.
- Sebenzisa iindlela zokuxilonga ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wofakelo, ukuchonga ukulahleka kwesiginali, iikhowudi zeempazamo, okanye ukufundwa okungaqhelekanga.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kweemitha zoxinano lwe-ultrasonic zeLonnmeter kwenza ukuba inkqubo yokuhlamba i-zinc ingaphazanyiswa kwaye kulawulwe umgangatho webhafu nge-galvanizing, kusetyenziswa iindlela zokulinganisa kwindawo ethile ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Inkqubo yokugaya i-galvanizing
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Ukusetyenziswa Okusebenzayo Kwemilinganiselo Ekwimeko Engqongileyo Kulawulo Lwenkqubo
Iindlela zokulinganisa izinto ngexesha langempela—ingakumbi iimitha zoxinano lwe-ultrasonic—zitshintsha inkqubo yokubeka i-zinc plating. Ukubeka esweni uxinano lwe-zinc bath galvanizing rhoqo kuvumela uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo olutshintshayo, olubalulekileyo kwiziphumo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Uhlengahlengiso lweBath lwexesha langempela ukuze kugcinwe uxinano olufanelekileyo
Besebenzisa umlinganiselo we-in-situ kwi-galvanizing, abaqhubi banokulandelela ukuguquguquka koxinano kwi-galvanizing zinc bath ngempendulo ethe ngqo neqhubekayo. Imitha yoxinano lwe-ultrasonic yokufakelwa kwe-zinc bath, efana neyo evela kwiLonnmeter, ivumela abaqhubi ukuba balungise ukwakheka kwebhafu ngoko nangoko, begcina uxinano olufanelekileyo lokugquma ngokulinganayo. Umzekelo, ukufundwa koxinano oluphilayo kunokubangela ukongezwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-zinc okanye i-aluminium ebhafini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isisombululo sihlala ngaphakathi kweenkcukacha ezijoliswe kuzo kwaye sithintele ukusebenza kwemveliso engakhange ichazwe.
Ukufunyanwa Kwangethuba kunye Nokuthintela Ukuphambuka Kwenkqubo
Inkcazo yokulinganisa rhoqo kwindawo ethile ibandakanya ukubamba ukuphambuka okufana nokwakheka kwenkunkuma kunye nokwahlulwahlulwa kwesisombululo ngaphambi kokuba kuchaphazele umgangatho wemveliso. Inkunkuma, okanye ukwakheka kwe-intermetallic (ngokukodwa i-η-Fe2Al5), ibonakalisa ukungaqheleki koxinano ngaphakathi kwebhafu. Iindlela zokulinganisa uxinano kwindawo ethile zibonisa ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma yendawo kwangethuba, ngakumbi malunga nomphezulu wezixhobo kunye nee-roll grooves, ezinxulunyaniswa neziphene ze-strip kwiimveliso zentsimbi ezigqityiweyo. Ngokufanayo, ukwahlulwahlulwa kwesisombululo—ukubekwa kwemigangatho okubangelwa bubushushu okanye i-compositional gradients—kutshintsha iiprofayili zoxinano lwebhafu ngendlela ebonwayo, kubonisa isidingo sokuxuba okanye ukulungiswa kwebhafu ukubuyisela ukulingana. Ukuhlanganiswa nokubeka esweni inkqubo kuxhasa izilumkiso zexesha langempela kunye nokunciphisa, kunciphisa kakhulu amazinga eempazamo kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi.
Ukuphucula uLawulo loMgangatho ngokuPhendula ngokukhawuleza
Isantya sokuqonda nokuphendula kwiinguqu zoxinano sisiseko sokwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yokuhlamba i-zinc. Kwangoko nje ukuba ukujonga i-zinc bath ngexesha langempela kufumanise ukushukuma koxinano, abaqhubi okanye iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zinokungenelela, zigcine ubukhulu be-coating kunye nomgangatho womphezulu. Kwimigca yemveliso ephezulu-ingakumbi kwizicelo zeemoto-ezi zilungiso zikhawulezayo ziqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwaye zinciphisa imveliso engamkelekanga. Ukulinganiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-ultrasonic yee-plating baths kuphucula ukulandeleka kwaye kwenza ukuba kuqinisekiswe ngokukhawuleza imeko ye-zinc plating bath, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekuhlangabezaneni nemigangatho yomgangatho oqinileyo.
Ukuphucula ukuFumaneka kwe-Electrolyte kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla
Ukulinganiswa koxinano kwindawo ethile kunika igalelo elibalulekileyo kwiindlela ezifanelekileyo zokugcwalisa i-electrolyte, ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwebhafu ezinzileyo ye-zinc plating. Idatha yoxinano iqondisa ukongezwa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-electrolytes kunye nolawulo lwezongezo, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokwakheka kwe-dendrite kunye nokuguquka kwe-hydrogen, okonakalisa uzinzo lwe-interface. Umzekelo, ukujonga rhoqo kuvumela ukudoswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezinto ezifana ne-Gly-Gly, eziqinisa uzinzo lwebhafu kwaye zandise imijikelo yokusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, ngokugcina uxinano rhoqo kumanqanaba ekujoliswe kuwo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuyancitshiswa, njengoko i-interface ye-electrochemical ihlala isebenza kakuhle kwaye ifana. Oku kuthetha ukuba iindleko zokusebenza eziphantsi kunye nokuphuculwa kozinzo lwe-industrial galvanizing line.
Ukudibanisa: Iimitha zobuninzi be-Ultrasonic zeLonnmeter
Izinzwa ze-ceramic ze-ultrasonic eziphambili ezivela eLonnmeter zimele umlinganiselo wokulinganisa i-in situ kwi-galvanizing. Ukufundwa kwazo koxinano ngexesha langempela kunika amandla iinkqubo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo ukuba zenze uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo oluguquguqukayo. Ezi sensor zisebenza ngokumelana okuphezulu nokukrazuka kunye nokushukuma kweekhemikhali, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo nakwiindawo ezinzima zoshishino. Zifakwe ngqo kwisisombululo se-zinc, izixhobo zeLonnmeter zondla idatha yoxinano kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwezityalo, ezilawula ngokuzenzekelayo idosi yeekhemikhali, ubushushu, okanye amazinga okuxuba. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kuqinisekisa ngokuthembekileyo ulawulo lomgangatho wokuhlamba i-galvanizing kwaye kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko weempazamo ezenziwe ngesandla, onegalelo kulawulo lwenkqubo ye-zinc plating oluthambileyo noluqinileyo.
Ukusombulula iingxaki zokuhlamba ngokulinganisa uxinano oluchanekileyo
Ukungazinzi kokuhlamba, ukugqunywa kwe-zinc engalinganiyo, kunye nokungcola okugqithisileyo yimingeni eqhubekayo kwiinkqubo zokugqunywa kwe-zinc. Ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo koxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc—ingakumbi ngeendlela zokulinganisa uxinano lwe-in situ—kwenza ukuba kuchongwe kwaye kulungiswe ngexesha langempela.
Ukungazinzi kwebhafu kwiibhafu ze-zinc ezisebenzisa i-galvanizing kudla ngokubonakala njengomgangatho wokwaleka oguquguqukayo, ukusetyenziswa okongeziweyo okwandisiweyo, okanye ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwebhafu. Izizathu ziquka uxinano lwe-zinc olungalawulekiyo, ukunyibilika kwe-anode okungalinganiyo, ukuhlanjwa kakubi, kunye nongcoliseko yintsimbi okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwindawo yomphezulu we-anode, endaweni yokulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo uxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc, kudla ngokukhokelela ekwakhekeni kwesinyithi se-zinc, okufuna amanyathelo okulungisa abiza kakhulu kunye nokubeka emngciphekweni iziphene zokufuma okanye ukulahla. Besebenzisa itekhnoloji yemitha yoxinano lwe-ultrasonic, efana neLonnmeter, abaqhubi bafumana umlinganiselo ochanekileyo, okwindawo ekusetyenzisweni kwe-galvanizing, okuvumela impendulo ekhawulezileyo kunye nokungenelela kokulungisa.
Iingubo ze-zinc ezingalinganiyo zidibene kakhulu nokwahluka kokwakheka kwe-zinc bath galvanizing. Xa uxinano luhla ngaphantsi kweyona ndlela ifanelekileyo, i-electrical field kunye ne-ion concentration gradients zinokuvela, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiileya ezinamabala okanye ezirhabaxa. Ukubeka iliso kwi-zinc bath ngexesha langempela kulinganisa uxinano lwebhafu lwendawo, kunceda ukudibanisa iingxaki zokufana nokwahluka kwesisombululo. Umzekelo, ukudibanisa inkcazo yokulinganisa kwindawo kunye nohlalutyo lwebhafu ye-electrochemical kubonisa ukuba ukwehla koxinano kuvela ekuncipheni kokongeza, ukutsalwa okuvela ekuhlanjweni, okanye utshintsho lwesakhiwo. Ngokuqinisa ulawulo lwenkqubo ngokulinganisa kwe-ultrasonic yeebhafu zokuplata, ukuphuculwa kokuguda kunye nobukhulu bengubo kunokufezekiswa, ngakumbi xa zidityaniswe nezongezo ezifana ne-quaternary ammonium salts okanye i-nano-SiO2 yokucoca ingqolowa.
Ukwakheka kwenkunkuma egqithisileyo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekulawuleni umgangatho webhafu, kudla ngokubangelwa kukuna kwe-zinc-iron-aluminium intermetallic compounds eqhutywa luxinano. Xa uxinano lwebhafu lungalawulwa ngokwaneleyo—ingakumbi kwiindlela zokuntywila ngobushushu—ii-gradients zoxinano ezikwindawo ethile zinokwenzakala kufutshane nezixhobo ezibalulekileyo, zikhawulezise ukwakheka kwenkunkuma kwaye zibangele ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza. Imitha yoxinano lwe-ultrasonic yokufundwa kwebhafu ye-zinc igxininisa iindawo zotshintsho loxinano, ezihlala zihambelana neendawo zokuma kolwelo okanye ulawulo lobushushu olunganelanga. Ngokujonga uxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc kunye nobushushu kunye noxinzelelo, kunokwenzeka ukwenza ngcono ibhafu ukuze kuncitshiswe imveliso yenkunkuma. Iimodeli zenkqubo zamva nje ezisebenzisa idatha yoxinano oludibeneyo kunye nolwelo ziqinisekisa ukuba ukunyusa uxinano lwe-aluminium kunokunciphisa ngakumbi inkunkuma—into ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni inkqubo yebhafu.
Ukudibanisa idatha yoxinano lwebhafu nezinye iinkqubo zolawulo kuguqula ukusombulula iingxaki zemveli. Ngokuvumelanisa uxinano lwebhafu ye-zinc, ubushushu, kunye nokwakheka kwe-electrolytic bath galvanizing, iinkqubo zibona izinto ezibangela ukungazinzi kwangethuba. Umzekelo, ukudibanisa ukufundwa kwe-ultrasonic kwi-Lonnmeter kunye nohlalutyo oluthe ngqo lweekhemikhali kunye neeprofayili zobushushu kudala ideshibhodi yokujonga ebanzi. Olu dibaniso luxhasa ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kwee-agents zokumanzisa, ii-evaporators, kunye neeparameter zombane, okubangela ukuba kubekho ukugquma okuzinzileyo, okusemgangathweni ophezulu ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezongezo. Kwiinkqubo zokufaka iikhemikhali bath, olu manyano luqinisekisa ukukhula kwefilimu encinci kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, njengoko kuxhaswa zizilingo zoshishino zodibaniso oluqhutywa yimodeli.
Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokubeka i-zinc plating ixhamla ekujongeni iiparamitha zokuhlamba ngexesha langempela. Izixhobo ezifana nokulinganisa uxinano lwe-in situ, izinzwa ze-ultrasonic, kunye nedatha yenkqubo edibeneyo zibonelela ngolwazi olusebenzayo lokusombulula iingxaki zeedipozithi ezingalinganiyo, ukunciphisa ukungcola, kunye nokugcina iibhafu ze-zinc ezizinzileyo nezisebenzayo.
Uqinisekiso loMgangatho kwiNkqubo yokuGcina iZinc
Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu kwinkqubo yokugquma i-zinc kuxhomekeke kulawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kobuninzi bebhafu ye-zinc. Le parameter ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubukhulu be-coating, ukunamathela, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukhuseleko lokugqwala kwexesha elide olunikezelwa ngumaleko we-galvanized.
Iindlela Zokuqinisekisa Iziphumo Zenkqubo Ezinxulumene Nobuninzi Bebhafu
Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo uxinano lwebhafu kusetyenziswa iindlela zokulinganisa uxinano kwindawo ethile kubalulekile kumgangatho wenkqubo. Ukubeka iliso kwibhafu ye-zinc ngexesha langempela—edla ngokwenziwa yimitha yoxinano lwe-ultrasonic yebhafu ye-zinc okanye i-inline X-ray fluorescence (XRF)—inika idatha ebalulekileyo malunga nokungaguquguquki kwesisombululo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokubeka iplati. Ezi teknoloji zivumela abaqhubi ukuba badibanise ukwakheka kwebhafu kunye neeparamitha zemveliso ezibalulekileyo:
- Ubukhulu bokwaleka:Iindlela zokulinganisa ezifana ne-microscopy kunye ne-XRF zilinganisa umaleko we-zinc osetyenziswa kwi-substrates. Uxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc olulungisiweyo luqinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu be-coating obufunekayo buyafezekiswa, kunciphisa iziphene ezinxulumene ne-under- okanye over-coating. Umzekelo, ukwanda koxinzelelo lwe-zinc ion ebhafini kubonakalisiwe ukuba kuvelisa rhoqo iileya eziqinileyo nezifanayo zokukhusela xa ubushushu kunye nexesha lokufaka iipleyiti zilawulwa ngokuqinileyo.
- Ukunamathela:Ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela kwengubo kusebenzisa ukugoba okuqhelekileyo, iteyiphu (ASTM D3359), kunye novavanyo lokukrwela, oluhlola unxibelelwano phakathi kwengubo ye-zinc kunye nentsimbi engaphantsi. Iidiphozithi ezixineneyo, ezifanayo—eziqhelekileyo kwibhafu yeplating ye-zinc elawulwa kakuhle—zibonisa ukunamathela okuqinileyo kwaye zihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yemizi-mveliso. Ukulawulwa koxinano lwebhafu olubi kunokukhokelela kwiingubo ezirhabaxa, ezibuthathaka ezinokunamathela okungekho mthethweni, ezifunyenwe ngokuthembekileyo kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela.
Ukusetyenziswa kweDatha yoBuninzi kumaxwebhu oMgangatho kunye noPhicotho lweNkqubo
Ukulinganiswa koxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc kudala umqolo weerekhodi zenkqubo ezifunekayo ekulawuleni umgangatho webhafu nge-galvanizing. Idatha eqokelelweyo ukusuka ekulinganisweni kwendawo xa kusetyenziswa i-galvaning ivumela ukubhalwa ngokucokisekileyo kwebhetshi nganye yemveliso. Oku kuquka:
- Ukurekhoda rhoqo:Ukurekhoda ngokwenkqubo amaxabiso oxinano lwebhafu kunye neeparameter zenkqubo (ubushushu, uxinano lwangoku, izongezo ze-alloying).
- Ukulandeleka:Ezi rekhodi zixhasa ukulandeleka—zibalulekile kwiinkcukacha zabathengi, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi. Izixhobo ezinokuthenjwa ezifana neLonnmeter ziqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwedatha kunye nokuthembeka kwayo.
- Ukulungela Uhlolo:Uhlolo lomgangatho lusebenzisa amaxwebhu oxinano lwebhafu ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwenkqubo, ukuqinisekisa iimpawu zokugquma, nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho emiselweyo. Ukungangqinelani kunokulandelwa kukuphambuka koxinano oluthile, okwenza kube lula ukwenza utshintsho.
Ukudibanisa Uxinano lweSombululo kunye nokuxhathisa ukugqwala kwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kokugquma
Inkqubo yokugaya i-zinc bath ixhomekeke kuxinano lwebhafu olulungiselelwe ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokusebenza kokwaleka ngokubanzi. Izifundo ezibonisa ubunzulu bebhafu obunyukileyo—obulawulwa ngokuxinana kwe-zinc ion kunye nezongezo—ku:
- Ukhuseleko Lokugqwala Oluphuculweyo:Iingqimba ze-zinc ezityebileyo nezixineneyo zibonisa ukumelana okuphezulu kwiimvavanyo zokuchatshazelwa ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, uxinano olugqithisileyo lunokubangela iindawo ezirhabaxa, ngoko ke ulawulo olufanelekileyo lubalulekile.
- Ukuthembeka koomatshini:Iingubo ezifanayo, ezenziwe ngokulungiswa kokuhlamba ngexesha langempela, ziyamelana nokuqhekeka nokuxobuka, zigcina ukhuseleko kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu.
- Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo:Uhlengahlengiso kwi-electrolytic bath galvanizing density, oluthathwe ngenkcazo yokulinganisa kwi-in situ, lunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nophuculo kwixesha elide lokugquma kunye nokumelana nokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali. Iinkqubo ezixutyiweyo (umz., i-zinc-nickel) ziphucula ngakumbi ukuqina xa ulwakhiwo lwebhafu lulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, ukulinganiswa koxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc esibanzi, kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa eziqinileyo kunye neendlela zokubhala amaxwebhu, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokugquma kwentsimbi egalelweyo kwaye kuqinisekisa impumelelo kulawulo lomgangatho kunye nokuhlolwa kwenkqubo.
Izixhobo kunye neeTekhnoloji zokulinganisa uxinano lwesisombululo seZinc
Ukuhlamba nge-zinc bath yanamhlanje kufuna umlinganiselo ochanekileyo woxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc ukuze kugcinwe iiparameter zenkqubo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokugquma. Kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zesensor, nganye inemigaqo yokusebenza eyahlukileyo, amandla kunye nemida.
Izixhobo Eziphambili Zokulinganisa Uxinano Lwesisombululo SeZinc
Imitha yoxinano lwe-Ultrasonic yeLonnmeter
Imitha yoxinano lwe-ultrasonic yeLonnmeter yenzelwe ukulinganisa i-in situ kwi-galvanizing. Isebenzisa amaza e-ultrasonic, ilinganisa isantya sawo kunye nokunciphisa njengoko edlula kwi-zinc bath. Esi sixhobo sinika ukujonga rhoqo i-zinc bath ngexesha langempela, okwenza ifaneleke kwiindawo zenkqubo ezenzekelayo. Ayingenisi ntsholongwane, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho mfuneko yokudibana ngqo nesisombululo, okunciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko okanye ukuguguleka. Esi sixhobo senzelwe ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye neemeko zokubola ezifumaneka kwi-electrolytic bath galvanizing.
Ezinye iiTekhnoloji zeSensor ezikhoyo
- Izinzwa ezikwaziyo ukusebenza:Linganisa utshintsho kwi-capacitance ngokuphendula kuxinano lwesisombululo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-ionic. Ezi sensors zincinci, zinokufakwa ngaphakathi, kwaye zibonelela ngempendulo ekhawulezileyo. Zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinkqubo zokulinganisa uxinano lwe-hybrid ukuze zichaneke ngakumbi.
- IiHydrometer:Izixhobo ezenziwe ngesandla ezisebenzisa ukufunxa ukuze zilinganise uxinano. IiHydrometer zifuna ukutsalwa kweesampulu kunye nokufunda ngesandla, nto leyo eyenza zingafaneleki kangako kwiizicelo zexesha langempela okanye ezizenzekelayo.
- Iindlela zokulinganisa i-Titration:Uhlalutyo olusekelwe kwilabhoratri lobuninzi bebhafu yeplati ye-zinc ngokusebenzisa ukulinganiswa kwempendulo yamakhemikhali. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kodwa kufuna umsebenzi omninzi kwaye akufanelekanga ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo okanye ukulungiswa kwexesha langempela.
Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kweendlela zokulinganisa uxinano
Umlinganiselo we-Ultrasonic (umz., iLonnmeter):
- Iingenelo:
- Ivumela iindlela zokulinganisa uxinano ngexesha langempela, kwindawo ethile.
- Iyahambelana neenkqubo ze-SCADA zokulawula umgangatho webhafu yokugalela i-galvanizing ngokuzenzekelayo.
- Iphatha ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye neendawo ezinobungozi.
- Akukho zingozi zemitha; ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuthintana kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungcola okanye umonakalo.
- Ukuchaneka kunokufikelela kwi-1% okanye ngaphezulu kokungaqiniseki, kunye neemodeli ze-hybrid ezibonelela ngokuchaneka okufika kwi-0.1% kwiimeko zokuphucula inkqubo yokuhlamba i-zinc.
- Iingxaki:
- Iindleko zokuqala zokufakela ziphezulu kunezo zinzwa zemveli.
- Ibuthathaka kutshintsho lwesigaba sokuhlamba (umz., ukuxinana okukhulu okanye amaqamza egesi anokuchaphazela ukufunda).
- Ifuna ukulinganiswa rhoqo kunye nokucoca ngokucokisekileyo.
Izinzwa ezikwaziyo ukusebenza:
- Iingenelo:
- Ilungele ukulinganisa ngokukhawuleza izisombululo ze-ionic.
- Ifomathi encinci, inokulinganiswa kwiinethiwekhi zesenzi ezisasaziweyo.
- Isebenza kakuhle ekujongeni uxinaniso ngesantya esiphezulu.
- Iingxaki:
- Inokuba sengozini yokungcoliswa yi-electrode, ingakumbi kwiindawo zokuhlambela ezinekhemikhali ezingcoliswe kakhulu okanye eziguquguqukayo.
- Ifuna uhlengahlengiso oluqhelekileyo lwesiseko ukuze kugcinwe ukuchaneka.
IiHydrometers kunye neendlela zeTitration:
- Iingenelo (iiHydrometer):
- Ulwakhiwo olulula, olufumaneka lula xa kuhlolwa elebhu.
- Iingxaki (iiHydrometer):
- Ukusebenza ngesandla kuphela; ayifanelekanga ukuphucula inkqubo yokuhlamba izinki.
- Ichaphazeleka ziimpazamo zabantu kunye nokwahluka kwendalo.
- Iingenelo (Ukunika iTitration):
- Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kweekhemikhali kunye nokuchaneka kokuqinisekiswa kwelebhu.
- Iingxaki (Ukunikezelwa kwesikhundla):
- Kufuneka isampuli yokukhutshelwa.
- Ihamba kancinci, ifuna umsebenzi omninzi—ayifanelekanga ukulawula i-zinc bath galvanizing ngexesha langempela.
Ukukhetha iTekhnoloji yokulinganisa uxinano olufanelekileyo
Ukukhetha indlela yokulinganisa uxinano kwinkqubo yokufaka i-zinc plating kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo izinto ezininzi:
Ikhemistri yokuhlamba:
Iindawo zokuhlamba ezine-electrolytic okanye i-alkaline ene-electrolytic ephezulu zifuna ii-sensors ezakhiwe ngee-alloys ezimelana nokugqwala okanye ii-polymers ezenziwe ngobunjineli. Umzekelo, ii-ultrasonic probes ezineengubo ezisebenza nge-plasma zihlala ixesha elide kwizisombululo ezinamandla.
Indawo yokusebenza:
Inkcazo yokulinganisa kwindawo ethile ixhomekeke kubuchule beenzwa bokuhlala zisebenza ngaphakathi kwenkqubo. Iimitha ze-ultrasonic ezingangenisi manzi ezifana neLonnmeter zinciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye nongcoliseko. Kwiisetingi zokuhlamba ezininzi, iinzwa ze-capacitive zibonelela ngokuguquguquka kokufakwa kodwa zinokufuna iindawo zokukhusela.
Uchaneko olufunekayo:
Ukuze kulawulwe umgangatho webhafu ozenzekelayo, osebenza ngexesha langempela, imitha yoxinano lwe-ultrasonic yebhafu ye-zinc isebenza ngcono kunee-hydrometers kunye neendlela ze-titration. Iinkqubo ze-hybrid ezisebenzisa zombini ii-sensors ze-ultrasonic kunye ne-capacitive zibonelela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuqina kokushukuma. Iindlela zokulinganisa ngesandla zihlala ziluncedo ekuqinisekisweni kwelebhu, ekusombululeni iingxaki, okanye ekulinganiseni rhoqo.
Umzekelo wemeko:
Kumgca we-zinc bath galvanizing oqhubekayo osebenzisa ukujonga i-zinc bath ngexesha langempela le-SCADA, i-Lonnmeter ultrasonic density meter edibeneyo iyathandwa ngenxa yokuchaneka kwayo, ukuhambelana kwayo ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokwakhiwa okumelana nokugqwala. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inkqubo ye-batch-based plating enotshintsho lwesisombululo rhoqo inokusebenzisa ii-hydrometers ukujonga rhoqo, ukuxhasa kodwa kungathathi indawo ye-automation enikwe amandla zii-sensors eziphambili.
Itheyibhile yesishwankathelo seekhrayitheriya zokukhetha iSensor:
| Ubuchwepheshe | Ukuhambelana kweBath | Uchaneko | Ukufaneleka kokuZenzekelayo | Iimfuno zoLondolozo |
| I-Ultrasonic (iLonnmeter) | Igqwesile | Phezulu | Ewe | Iphakathi |
| I-Capacitive | Kulungile | Phakathi-Phezulu | Ewe | Phezulu |
| I-Hydrometer | Ilungile | Iphantsi | No | Iphantsi |
| Uhlu lwezikhundla | Iyaguquguquka | Phezulu | No | Phezulu |
Ukukhethwa kunye nokufakwa kwe-sensor eqinileyo kuxhasa ukulinganiswa koxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc oluthembekileyo kwaye kuxhasa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwenkqubo yokuhlamba i-zinc plating kunye nemisebenzi yokuhlamba i-zinc galvanizing.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yintoni umlinganiselo we-in-situ xa kujongwa iibhafu ze-zinc plating?
Ukulinganisa kwindawo ethile kuthetha ukujonga iipropati zebhafu yokugquma i-zinc, njengobuninzi besisombululo, ngokuthe ngqo ngexesha lokuvelisa—akukho mfuneko yokususa isampuli. Abaqhubi balandela kwaye balawula iimpawu zokuhlamba ngexesha langempela, begcina ukuchaneka ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inkqubo yokugquma i-zinc. Le ndlela ethe ngqo ivumela uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo, ixhasa ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yokugquma i-zinc kunye nokuphucula ulawulo lomgangatho wokuhlamba nge-galvanizing. Iindlela zokulinganisa kwindawo ethile—kuquka uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic kunye nohlalutyo lwe-XRF olukwi-intanethi—zithandwa kakhulu ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nokuthembeka xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zendabuko, ezingekho kwindawo ethile. Umzekelo, ii-ultrasound immersion sensors zibonise ukulinganiswa okuqhubekayo, kwesisombululo se-sub-micron, zibamba utshintsho oluguquguqukayo kwiimpawu zokuhlamba kunye ne-plating kinetics ngexesha lokusebenza.
Kutheni uxinano lwesisombululo lubalulekile ekugaleleni i-zinc bath kumgangatho ophezulu?
Uxinano oluchanekileyo lwesisombululo kwi-galvanizing zinc bath lubalulekile kwiziphumo zenkqubo ye-zinc plating ephumelelayo. Uxinano lulawula ukwakheka kwe-electrolyte, kwaye, luchaphazela indlela i-zinc coating eyakheka ngayo kwi-substrate yentsimbi. Xa uxinano lwesisombululo lulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo:
- Ubukhulu bengubo buhlala bufana kuzo zonke iimveliso.
- Umgangatho wokuncamathela uhlala uhambelana, nto leyo ethintela iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokuncamathela.
- Ukumelana nokugqwala kuyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni zezicelo zoshishino.
Ukuba uxinano lwesisombululo luphuma kwixabiso elifanelekileyo, iziphene ezifana nokwakheka kwenkunkuma, ukunamathela okungekho semgangathweni, kunye nobukhulu obungaqhelekanga bokugquma kunokwenzeka. Ukugcina uxinano olufanelekileyo lokuhlamba kukwenza ukuba i-chemical dosing kunye ne-alloying (enezongezo ezifana ne-aluminium) isebenze kakuhle, kuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwe-zinc kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma ngokusebenzisa i-electrolytic bath galvanizing. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kunye nokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza koxinano kunceda ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nozinzo lokuhlamba.
Isebenza njani imitha yoxinano lwe-ultrasonic yeLonnmeter ekulinganiseni uxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc?
Imitha yoxinano lwe-ultrasonic yeLonnmeter ilinganisa ngokuchanekileyo uxinano lwesisombululo se-zinc isebenzisa umgaqo wokusasazeka kwamaza esandi. Esi sixhobo sikhupha ii-pulses ze-ultrasonic nge-galvanizing zinc bath; isantya kunye nokuthomalaliswa kwala maza kuxhomekeke kuxinano lwesixhobo. Ngokuhlalutya utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kwamaza esandi, isixhobo sibala uxinano lwesisombululo oluchanekileyo ngexesha langempela. Olu hlolo lwebhafu ye-zinc yexesha langempela lunceda ulawulo lomgangatho oluzenzekelayo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo kwangoko. Olu linganiso lwe-ultrasonic lweebhafu zeplating lubonelela ngokuphindaphindwa okuphezulu, kwaye lulungiselelwe zombini imisebenzi ye-galvanizing eqhubekayo kunye ne-batch zinc bath.
Ngaba ukulinganisa izinto kwindawo ethile kunokuthintela iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokufaka izinto?
Ewe—ukufaka iindlela zokulinganisa uxinano kwindawo ethile kuvumela ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulungiswa kokuphambuka kweparameter yokuhlamba okubangela iziphene zeplating. Abaqhubi basabela ngexesha langempela kutshintsho loxinano, ukuthintela iingxaki ezinje:
- Ukwakheka kwenkunkuma okubangelwa bukungcola okugqithisileyo okunyibilikisiweyo.
- Iingubo ezingalinganiyo ezivela kulwakhiwo lwesisombululo olungahambelaniyo.
- Ukungazinzi ebhafini ngenxa yotshintsho lobushushu okanye lweekhemikhali.
Ii-process analyzers ezifana nee-ultrasonic density meters kunye nezixhobo ze-XRF ezikwi-intanethi zivumela olu lawulo, ziphucula ukuthembeka kwe-zinc bath kunye nokukhusela umgangatho wokugquma. Izifundo zeemeko kwicandelo leemoto kunye nelaselwandle ziqinisekisa ukuba ukujonga ngexesha langempela kunciphisa ukwenzeka kweziphene zeplating, kwandisa ukumelana nokugqwala, kwaye kunciphisa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe imali eninzi.
Ubuninzi bebhafu ye-zinc plating kufuneka bujongwe kangaphi?
Kwimveliso enomthamo ophezulu okanye ebalulekileyo, ukujonga rhoqo uxinano olusetyenziswa kwindawo ethile kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifana ne-Lonnmeter ultrasonic density meter kulungile. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinguqu ziyafunyanwa kwaye zilungiswe ngoko nangoko. Apho ukujonga rhoqo kungenzeki, amaxesha okulinganisa rhoqo—nokuba ngawesandla okanye azenzekelayo—ayacetyiswa. Ukuphindaphinda kufuneka kuhambelane nobunzima bemveliso, ubungakanani bebhafu, kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ofunekayo. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ezizenzekelayo ezidityaniswe nolawulo lwezityalo zinokusingatha ukujonga rhoqo, ngelixa ukujonga rhoqo ngesandla kunokwanela kwimisebenzi emincinci, ukuba ulawulo luhlala luqinile ukugcina ubhafu kunye nozinzo lwemveliso.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-03-2025
