Ukulinganiswa kweSiO₂, Na₂O, CaO, MgO, Al₂O₃, PbO, kunye neK₂O kuyadingeka ukuze kulawulwe ngokuchanekileyo iimpawu zemveliso kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Izixhobo zeLonnmeter XRF zibonelela ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo nethe ngqo yezi zinto zibalulekileyo.
Uhlalutyo oluqhelekileyo lubona ukuphambuka okuphantsi njenge-0.01 wt% kwii-oxides ezinkulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abavelisi bagcina uluhlu olujoliswe kuzo lwezinto ezikwiglasi. Amanqanaba e-Na₂O okanye e-CaO angalunganga anokutshintsha ukumelana nobushushu, ukucaca, kunye nokuqina. Ulawulo oluqinileyo lunciphisa ukwaliwa kwebhetshi ngenxa yombala ongekho kwiinkcukacha okanye ukusilela koomatshini.
Uhlalutyo lweglasi ye-XRF
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Ukwakhiwa kweGlasi: Izinto kunye neeMpawu zezinto
Ngaphezulu kwe-70% yeglasi yorhwebo yenziwe nge-silica (SiO₂), enika ukuqina kwesakhiwo kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali. I-Soda (Na₂O), edla ngokuba yi-12–15%, yehlisa iqondo lokunyibilika, iphucula ukwenziwa kwayo. Ilayimu (CaO), malunga ne-9–12%, yonyusa ubulukhuni kunye nokuqina kweekhemikhali. I-Alumina (Al₂O₃) kwi-1–3% yonyusa amandla oomatshini kwaye iphucula uzinzo lobushushu. I-Magnesia (MgO) kunye ne-potash (K₂O) zisetyenziswa ngobuninzi obuncinci ukulungisa i-viscosity kunye neempawu zomphezulu. I-lead oxide (PbO), xa ikhona ngaphezulu kwe-24%, inika i-refractive index ephezulu kunye noxinano olukhulu, olubalulekileyo kwi-optical kunye ne-lead glass.
Iindidi zezinto zichazwa zezi zinto zokwakheka kweglasi. Iglasi yesoda-lime ilawula imveliso yehlabathi ngenxa yeempawu ezilinganayo zoomatshini kunye neekhemikhali. Iglasi yeBorosilicate, equka i-10–13% B₂O₃, ivumela ukwanda okuphantsi kobushushu, okubalulekileyo kwizicelo zelebhu kunye nezixhobo zokupheka. Iglasi yelead ibeka phambili ukucaca kwe-optical kunye nokukhanya kwezixhobo zokutya. Izinto ezithatha indawo yeglasi yeAluminosilicate zonyusa i-Al₂O₃ ukuze zihlale ixesha elide kwiindawo ezinoburhalarhume. Ukusebenza kohlobo ngalunye lweglasi kuxhomekeke kulawulo oluchanekileyo lokwakheka kwezinto zeglasi.
Iiglasi eziDityanisiweyo, iiPellet zeGlasi, kunye neGlasi ePhulukiweyo
Iiglasi ezidityanisiweyo zibonelela ngokulingana okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci, zibonelela ngeziphumo ezichanekileyo kuhlalutyo lwezinto ze-XRF kwimveliso yeglasi. I-matrix yazo ehambelanayo isusa i-micro-inhomogeneities, iqinisekisa ukulinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-SiO₂, Na₂O, CaO, MgO, Al₂O₃, PbO, kunye ne-K₂O.
Iipellets zeglasi zisebenza njengezixhobo ezithembekileyo zokubhekisa kunye nemigangatho yokulinganisa kwiinkqubo zokulawula umgangatho wemveliso yeglasi. Zivumela uhlalutyo olukhawulezileyo lwezakhi kwaye zixhasa ukuchongwa kotshintsho lweebhetshi okanye ungcoliseko kwiilebhu ze-QA/QC. Iipellets zigcina izinto ezibalulekileyo zokwakheka kweglasi, zikhuthaza ukulandeleka kuyo yonke imisebenzi yemveliso.
Iglasi egutyiweyo ixhasa iifomyula zokugquma, izinto ezirhabaxa, ukuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, kwaye inceda ekuhlanganiseni ngokukhawuleza. Ubungakanani bayo obuncinci bamasuntswana buqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okupheleleyo kwezinto, okubalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni isampuli emeleyo. Usetyenziso lweglasi egutyiweyo lufikelela kwinkqubo nakwimveliso, luvumela ukujonga ngokuchanekileyo ukwakheka kwezinto zeglasi kunye nokuxhasa uhlalutyo lwe-XRF oluthe ngqo noluchanekileyo.
Ifektri yeglasi
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Ulawulo loMgangatho kwiMveliso yeGlasi
Ulawulo lomgangatho wemveliso yeglasi luxhomekeke kwi-XRF ukuze kuhlolwe izinto ezininzi, kuqinisekiswa ukuhambelana kwe-batch-to-batch kunye nokuphepha ukungcola. Iinkqubo ze-Lonnmeter XRF zilinganisa i-Si, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, K, Pb, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kwimizuzwana engaphantsi kwama-60. Iinkqubo zohlalutyo ze-TXRF zibona izinto eziphambili kunye nezilandelelanayo, ezifana ne-Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, kunye ne-Sr, ukuya kuthi ga kumanqanaba e-sub-ppm.
Ukubeka iliso kwizinto ezilandelelanayo kuthintela umbala ongafunekiyo kunye nobuthathaka boomatshini. Ukufumanisa uxinano lwe-Fe, Ti, kunye ne-Pb kuxhasa ukucaca kokukhanya kwaye kususa iingozi ezivela kwizinto ezifakiweyo okanye kwiindawo zoxinzelelo. Imephu yezinto ezisisiseko, enikwe amandla yi-XRF-CT ephucukileyo kunye neendlela ezifihlakeleyo, iqinisekisa ukufana kwendawo kwishidi okanye kwiglasi ebunjiweyo, ebalulekileyo kwimveliso enkulu.
Izixhobo ze-XRF eziphathekayo nezingaphakathi zizenzela ngokuzenzekelayo ukuskena okukhawulezayo, zidibanisa iziphumo kulawulo lwenkqubo ngexesha langempela. Le ndlela iphucula ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho wokwenziwa kweglasi, ixhasa iinkcukacha ezingqongqo zemveliso kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiindlela eziphambukayo.
Iindlela zokuchonga kunye nokwahluka kohlobo
Iintlobo zeendlela zokuchonga iglasi ziquka i-XRF spectral fingerprinting, imilinganiselo yoxinano, kunye novavanyo lwe-refractive index. I-XRF spectral fingerprinting inika i-elemental profiling ethe ngqo, engonakalisiyo kuzo zonke izinto eziphambili zeglasi, ivumela ukubonwa kwe-Si, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Pb, kunye ne-K ngokuphindaphindeka ngaphantsi kwe-3% RSD. Imilinganiselo yoxinano inceda ukwahlula ukwakheka kwezinto zeglasi ezinokwahluka ukusuka kwi-2.2 g/cm³ (i-soda-lime) ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-3.1 g/cm³ (iglasi ye-lead). Uvavanyo lwe-refractive index luhlukanisa ngokuchanekileyo i-soda-lime, i-borosilicate, kunye ne-lead glass; amaxabiso aqhelekileyo e-nD aqala kwi-1.51 ukuya kwi-1.70.
Uhlalutyo lwezibalo luphucula ukuchaneka kokuchonga. I-K-ithetha ukuqokelela amaqela eeglasi ngeeseti zedatha ze-XRF ezininzi, ixhasa amazinga okuhambelana kweklasi ye-forensic angaphezu kwama-95%. Uhlalutyo lwe-Grey correlation luhlukanisa utshintsho oluncinci kodwa olucacileyo phakathi kweebhetshi okanye iinguqu. Iimodeli ze-Chemometric zihlukanisa iifom zeglasi (umz., ii-beads zeglasi ezixutyiweyo ngokuchasene neglasi ephuhliweyo) ngeminwe ye-elemental echanekileyo ngaphezulu kwama-98% xa idityaniswe nedatha ye-XRF.
Uqinisekiso loMgangatho wokwenziwa kweGlasi
Ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho wokwenziwa kweglasi kuxhomekeke ekufumaneni ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo izinto ezininzi. Abahlalutyi be-XRF abakwi-line kunye nabalebhu baqinisekisa ukwakheka kwezinto zeglasi kwimizuzwana embalwa. I-X-ray fluorescence ichonga i-SiO₂, i-Na₂O, i-CaO, i-MgO, i-Al₂O₃, i-PbO, kunye ne-K₂O, exhasa ulawulo lwezinto zokwakheka kweglasi kunye nokufana kwebhetshi.
Ngokwedatha yoshishino, i-XRF ifikelela kwimida yokubhaqwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 ppm kwizinto ezincinci, nto leyo evumela ukubhaqwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo ezichaphazela iipropati okanye ubuhle. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-XRF kuvumela impendulo ethe ngqo yokulungiswa kwenkqubo, kwandisa isivuno ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% kwimigca elawulwa ngokuqinileyo.
Ukuhlela ngokuzenzekelayo kuhambelana nemveliso, kuqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa okuqhubekayo kokwakheka kwezinto zeglasi. Oku kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwebhetshi ukuya kwibhetshi kwaye kususa iimveliso ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezininzi kubalulekile kwi-QA yeempawu zeebhile zeglasi ezixutyiweyo, ukusetyenziswa kweepellet zeglasi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweglasi egutyiweyo. Ukuhlolwa okupheleleyo kwindawo kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwaye kuvumela ukulungiswa kwangoko, okuxhasa umgangatho wemveliso oqhubekayo.
Lungiselela i-Workflow yakho yoHlalutyo lweGlasi
Abahlalutyi beLonnmeter XRF banika umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wezinto ezibalulekileyo kwiglasi: iSiO₂, iNa₂O, iCaO, iMgO, iAl₂O₃, iPbO, iK₂O. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngokuchongwa kwezinto ezininzi ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokwenziwa kweglasi kunye nokuqinisekiswa ngokukhawuleza kweentsimbi zeglasi ezixutyiweyo, iipellet zeglasi, kunye neglasi eyosiweyo. Ukuze ufumane uhlalutyo lweglasi oluphambili, yenza ngokwezifiso zakhoUmatshini we-XRFukuxhasa iimfuno ezahlukeneyo kwimveliso yeglasi kunye neendlela zokuchonga.
Ixesha leposi: Feb-04-2026
