Ukusebenza kwayo nayiphi na ipetroli, ingakumbi ulawulo lwe-oyile yepetroli enzima, akukaze kube yinto eyenzeka ngamabona-ndenzile. Yinto eyenziwe ngobunjineli emisela ukuba ipetroli ihamba kakuhle kangakanani, i-atomize, itshise, kwaye ekugqibeleni inike amandla iinjini, iiturbines, okanye iinkqubo zoshishino. Ukungawunaki umbane oqinileyo kunokukhokelela ekutshisweni okungaphelelanga, ukuguguleka okukhawulezileyo, ukukhutshwa okugqithisileyo, kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi elibizayo. Kumashishini axhomekeke ekuphathweni kwepetroli okuthembekileyo—ukusuka ekuthuthweni kolwandle ukuya ekuvelisweni kombane—ukulawula umbane oqinileyo akusiyonto yobugcisa kuphela, sisicwangciso sokusinda.
Utshintsho kwiMigangatho yoMgangatho weFuel
Imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe iye yaqinisa ngokuthe ngcembe iinkcukacha kwiimpawu zeoyile yepetroli enzima kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo. Ukususela kumxholo wesalfure ukuya kwimida yongcoliseko lwamanzi, i-viscosity ibisoloko iyenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Amafutha angaphambili ayenyamezela uluhlu olubanzi lwe-viscosity, kodwa ukunyuka kweenjini ezisebenza kakuhle kunye nemithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo kuthetha ukuba i-viscosity ngoku kufuneka ilinganiswe kwaye ilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo okukhulu. Imigangatho yepetroli efana ne-ISO 8217 igxininisa i-viscosity njengepropati yokulinganisa, inyanzela abaqhubi ukuba bamkele iinkqubo zokulawula i-viscosity yeoyile yepetroli eziqinisekisa ukuhambelana phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokubonelela.
Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji yokutsha kunye neemfuno zokuxinana
Iinkqubo zokutsha zanamhlanje—nokuba ziinjini zedizili, iiturbine zegesi, okanye izitshisi zemizi-mveliso—zixhomekeke kwi-atomization entle yamafutha ukuqinisekisa ukuxubana komoya kunye namafutha ngokulinganayo. Ukufikelela kwipateni yokutshiza oyifunayo akunakwenzeka ukuba i-viscosity yamafutha ingaphandle kwefestile yayo efanelekileyo. I-viscosity ephantsi inokukhokelela ekuvuzeni nasekuqokeleleni koxinzelelo olubi, ngelixa i-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu ibangela i-atomization engalunganga, ukutsha okungaphelelanga, kunye nokufakwa ngaphakathi kwii-injectors. Njengoko iinjini ziyilwe ngokunyamezelana okuqinileyo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, imfuno yolawulo lwe-viscosity echanekileyo ayisayi kuthethwa ngayo.
Iindlela Zemveli Zokulinganisa Ukuqina Kwamafutha
Ngokwembali, iilabhoratri bezixhomekeke kwi-capillary viscometers, Redwood viscometers, kunye neeyunithi zeSaybolt ukulinganisa i-viscosity yeoyile enzima. Nangona zichanekile kwiindawo ezilawulwayo, ezi ndlela zazifuna iisampulu, ukuphathwa ngesandla, kunye neziphumo ezilibazisekileyo. Kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso ehamba ngokukhawuleza, ukuthembela kuphela kuvavanyo olungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kuyingozi, kuba i-viscosity inokutshintsha kakhulu phakathi kokugcinwa, ukufudumeza, kunye nokufakwa kwenyani.
Namhlanje, eli shishini lifuna ukujongwa rhoqo kwi-intanethi, kodwa ukuqonda iziseko zemveli kunceda ukugxininisa isizathu sokuba ubuchwepheshe obutsha butshintshe kangaka.
Iiyunithi zeViscosity zichaziwe
Ukuqina kudla ngokubonakaliswa kwii-centistokes (cSt), ii-centipoise (cP), okanye ii-Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS). Iinjineli kufuneka ziguqule phakathi kwezi ngokuxhomekeke kwiincwadi zezixhobo kunye nemigangatho yengingqi. Umzekelo, ukuqina kweoyile enzima yepetroli kudla ngokuchazwa kwi-cSt kwi-50 °C, ngelixa iinjini zasemanzini zifuna ii-heating curves ezithile ukuze zilungelelanise ukuqina kwi-injection range ye-10–15 cSt. Olu lwazi olusebenzayo lwee-viscosity units lubalulekile ekulinganiseni ii-heaters, ii-pumps, kunye nabalawuli be-viscosity.
Indlela Ubushushu Obuchaphazela Ngayo Ukuqina Kwepetroli
Ubushushu bunempembelelo enamandla kwi-viscosity yepetroli. Ukunyuka okuncinci kobushushu kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi, okuvumela amafutha anzima ukuba asebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
Abaqhubi beenjini zasemanzini bayazi ukuba iimpawu zeoyile enzima zifuna ukufudunyezwa kwangaphambili ukuya kuthi ga kwi-120–150 °C ngaphambi kokujova. Ukungaphumeleli ukulawula ubudlelwane bobushushu kunye nokuqina kunokukhokelela ekubethekeni kwenjini, ukutsha okungaphelelanga, okanye umonakalo wepompo. Yiyo loo nto iinkqubo zolawulo lokuqina kweoyile yamafutha eziphambili zidibanisa zombini ukulawulwa kokufudumeza kunye nempendulo yokuqina ukuze kusebenze ngaphandle komthungo.
Iimpawu zeFuel ezichaphazela ukuxinana
Iimpawu ezininzi zangaphakathi zichaphazela indlela ipetroli echasa ngayo ukuhamba kwamanzi. Umxholo wevumba elimnandi, uxinano lwe-asphaltene, kunye nomlinganiselo wokuxuba kunye ne-distillates zezona zinto zinegalelo elikhulu. Okukhona uxinano kunye nobunzima beemolekyuli buphezulu, kokukhona i-viscosity yepetroli iba nkulu. Ukungcola okufana namanzi, i-sediment, okanye ii-sulfur compounds kunokuphazamisa ngakumbi ukuziphatha kwe-viscosity okulindelekileyo, okwenza ukujonga kwi-intanethi kube yinto ebalulekileyo. Ukuqonda ezi mpawu zepetroli kunceda abaqhubi ukuba balindele ubunzima bokusingatha kunye nokuyila amaqhinga okuxuba aqinisekisa i-viscosity ye-oyile yepetroli enzima eqinileyo.
Imingeni ekulinganisweni kwe-Fuel Viscosity okuqhubekayo
Imingeni yoMgangatho weFuel engaguqukiyo
Ukufunyanwa kwamafutha e-bunker kwihlabathi liphela kuthetha ukuba abaqhubi badla ngokujongana nokunikezelwa okungaguqukiyo. Ukwahluka kobungqindilili phakathi kwamaqela kunokuba yinto enkulu, kufuna uhlengahlengiso lwangempela kwiindlela zokufudumeza nokuxuba. Ngaphandle kokubekwa esweni okuthembekileyo, ukungalingani kobungqindilili be-fuel kunokubangela ukusilela okukhulu kwezixhobo.
Ubunzima boLawulo lweNkqubo ngokuGuquka kobungqingili
Indawo yokuhluza okanye isikhululo samandla esicubungula amafutha atshintshatshintshayo sijongene nokutsha okungazinziyo kunye nokuncipha kokuphuma kwamandla. Uhlengahlengiso olwenziwe ngesandla lusemva kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo emgceni kube sisisombululo esizinzileyo kuphela.
Impembelelo yokungangqinelani kakuhle kwezixhobo
Ubuninzi beoyile yepetroli enzima kakhulu bubeka uxinzelelo kwiimpompo nakwii-injectors, ngelixa ubuninzi beoyile yepetroli ephantsi kakhulu bubangela ukuvuza kunye nokuvalwa okunganelanga. Zombini ezi meko zikhawulezisa ukuguguleka koomatshini, zinciphisa imijikelo yokulungisa, kwaye zonyusa iindleko zokusebenza.
Ukuthotyelwa kweMithetho yeNkcazelo yeFuel
Ngemida yesulfure ye-IMO 2020 kunye nemigangatho ye-ISO viscosity, iinkampani kufuneka zibonise ukuba iinkqubo zazo zokulawula viscosity ye-oyile yepetroli ziyahlangabezana nomthetho. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza njalo kunokubangela isohlwayo, umonakalo wenjini, kunye nokulahlekelwa ligama.
Izisombululo zeLonnmeter zokujonga ukuxinana ngexesha langempela
Ukuphucula i-Atomization yeFuel ngoLawulo oluchanekileyo
ILonnmeterizixhobo zokulinganisa i-viscosityukubonelela ngempendulo ekhawulezileyo kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza kunye nokufaka inaliti, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-atomization isoloko isenzeka ngaphakathi kwefestile efanelekileyo ye-viscosity. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukutsha kucocekile, ukukhutshwa okuphantsi komoya, kunye nokusebenza ngcono kokuguqulwa kwamandla.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokupompa ngedatha ekwi-intanethi
Ukuqina kombane akuchaphazeli nje kuphela ukutsha kodwa kukwachaphazela nomsebenzi wokupompa. Ngokugcina ukuqina kombane okufanelekileyo, iinkqubo zeLonnmeter zinciphisa uxinzelelo kwiimpompo kwaye zinciphise ukulahleka kwamandla, zinceda abaqhubi ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kakhulu.
Ukuqinisekisa Ukudibanisa Amafutha Ngokungaguquguqukiyo neLonnmeter
Ukudibanisa amafutha aneempawu ezahlukeneyo zeoyile enzima kukhuselekile kuphela ukuba imilinganiselo ye-viscosity ilawulwa ngokuqinileyo. Ukubeka esweni kweLonnmeter ngaphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuba amafutha adibeneyo ahlala ngaphakathi kwemilinganiselo ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka zokutsha.
Iingenelo zoLawulo lweViscosity kwiNkqubo
Ukuphucula uMgangatho weMveliso kunye nokuNgaguquguquki
Ubuninzi be-oyile yepetroli obulawulwa ngokuqinileyo buqinisekisa ukusebenza kokutsha okuqikelelweyo, kunciphisa ukuguquguquka okunokonakalisa imveliso.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomphumo wayo
Ngokususa uqikelelo olwenziwe ngesandla kunye nokulibaziseka, ulawulo lwe-viscosity olukwi-intanethi luvumela izixhobo ukuba zisebenze kakuhle ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okubangelwa kukutsha okungazinzanga.
Ukunciphisa Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza
Ukufudumeza ipetroli ukuya kwi-viscosity efanelekileyo kuthintela ukufudumeza okugqithisileyo, konga amandla epetroli ngelixa kukhusela izixhobo ekugugulekeni kwangethuba.
Ukuhlangabezana neMimiselo yoBume beNdalo noKhuseleko
Ukuxinana kweoyile yepetroli enzima okuzinzileyo kukhokelela ekutshisweni okucocekileyo kunye neehydrocarbons ezimbalwa ezingatshiyo, okunceda amashishini ukuba athobele imida yokukhupha ukungcola ngelixa egcina ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwezityalo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
Yeyiphi i-viscosity efanelekileyo kwi-oyile enzima?
I-viscosity efanelekileyo ye-oyile enzima kwindawo yokufaka injini idla ngokuba phakathi kwe-10–15 centistokes (cSt), efumaneka ngokufudumeza kwangaphambili okulawulwayo. Olu luhlu luqinisekisa ukwenziwa kwe-atomization efanelekileyo, ukutsha okucocekileyo, kunye nokuncipha kokuguguleka kwenjini.
Kutheni i-viscosity ibalulekile kwi-fuel?
Ukuqina kwepetroli kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indlela esebenza ngayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokumpompa, kunye nomgangatho we-atomization. Ukuba ukuqina kwepetroli kuphezulu kakhulu, ipetroli ayisebenzi kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukutsha okungaphelelanga kunye nokufakwa kwayo. Ukuba iphantsi kakhulu, inokuvuza idlule kwii-injector seals kwaye inciphise uxinzelelo. Zombini ezi ndlela zingonakalisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi bezixhobo.
Iimpawu zeoyile enzima zichaphazela njani i-viscosity?
Iimpawu zeoyile yepetroli enzima, ezinje ngoxinano, umxholo we-asphaltene, kunye nomlinganiselo wokuxuba, zimisela ngokuthe ngqo i-viscosity. Ubunzima obukhulu beemolekyuli bukhokelela kumafutha atyebileyo namelanayo ngakumbi afuna ukufudumeza ngokuchanekileyo kunye nolawulo olukwi-intanethi ukuze kuphathwe ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ilawulwa njani i-viscosity ye-oyile yepetroli?
Inkqubo yokulawula i-viscosity yeoyile yepetroli ilawula i-viscosity ngokudibanisa uhlengahlengiso lobushushu (ukufudumeza kwangaphambili) kunye nokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela. Iinkqubo eziphambili ezifana neLonnmeter zibonelela ngedatha ye-viscosity eqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuxuba okuzinzileyo, ukutsha okuphuculweyo, kunye nokuthobela imigangatho ye-ISO kunye ne-IMO.
Ubushushu buyichaphazela njani i-viscosity yamafutha?
Ubuninzi bepetroli buyancipha njengoko ubushushu bunyuka. Kwi-viscosity yeoyile enzima, ukufudumeza ukuya kwi-120–150 °C kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe inaliti. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ubuninzi bepetroli bufikelela kwifestile ye-viscosity ekujoliswe kuyo efunekayo ukuze kusetyenziswe i-atomization ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokucoca ubushushu.
Izixhobo zokulinganisa ubungqindilili beoyile yepetroli eziphambili, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, zivala umsantsa phakathi komgangatho wobonelelo oguquguqukayo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo ezingqongqo. Qhagamshelana nathi ngoku ukuba udidekile ngokulinganisa ubungqindilili ukuze uphucule ukuthembeka kokutsha, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nokuthobela imithetho.
Ixesha leposi: Septemba-05-2025
