Ishishini lanamhlanje lokuvelisa izinto zokuthambisa liphawulwa ziifomyula ezintsonkothileyo, ezidla ngokuba neefluid ezingezizo ezeNewtonian. Iindlela zokuziphatha kwe-rheological zezi zinto, ezifana nokucheba kunye ne-thixotropy, zizisa imingeni ebalulekileyo kwiindlela zemveli zokuvelisa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungahambelani kwebhetshi ukuya kwibhetshi, inkunkuma ephezulu yezinto ezikrwada, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokupompa nokuxuba. Iindlela zokulawula umgangatho eziqhelekileyo, ezixhomekeke kwimilinganiselo ye-viscosity esabelayo, engaphandle kwe-intanethi, azanele ngokupheleleyo ekubambeni ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo kwezi fluids phantsi kweemeko zemveliso.
I. I-Rheology kunye ne-Fluid Dynamics kwiMveliso yeZithambiso
Ukuveliswa kwezinto zokuthambisa yinkqubo eneenkcukacha ezininzi apho iimpawu zomzimba zolwelo zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqonda okunzulu kwezi mpawu kuyimfuneko kuyo nayiphi na ingxoxo enentsingiselo malunga nokulungiswa kwenkqubo. Ukuguquguquka kolwelo lweemveliso zokuthambisa akulawulwa bubudlelwane obulula, nto leyo eyenza zahluke ngokupheleleyo kulwelo lwaseNewton njengamanzi.
1.1Ukuqina kunye neRheology
Ukuqina komzimba yindlela yokulinganisa ukumelana kolwelo noxinzelelo olusetyenziswayo. Kwii-Newtonian fluids ezilula, olu phawu aluguquguquki kwaye lunokubonakaliswa ngexabiso elinye. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela zokuhombisa azilula kangako. Uninzi lwee-lotions, iikhrimu, kunye nee-shampoos zihlelwa njengee-non-Newtonian fluids, ezithi ukumelana kwazo nokuhamba kwamanzi kuyatshintsha ngobungakanani bamandla asetyenziswayo (i-shear).
I-Rheology yeyona ndlela ibanzi nebalulekileyo kweli shishini. Luphando lokuhamba kunye nokuguquka kwezinto ezimanzi, iijeli, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo. Inqaku elinye ledatha alanelanga ukuqikelela indlela imveliso eziphatha ngayo njengoko ipompishwa, ixutywa, kwaye izaliswe. Iimpawu ze-rheological zemveliso zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iimpawu zayo zokuva, ukuzinza kwexesha elide ekupakishweni, kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Umzekelo, i-viscosity yekhrimu ilawula ukusasazeka kwayo eluswini, kwaye ukuhambelana kweshampu kuchaphazela ubungakanani bomthengi obukhupha ebhotileni.
1.2Ii-Non-Newtonian Fluids kunye nemingeni yazo yokuvelisa
Ubunzima bokwenziwa kwezinto zokuthambisa buvela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha kwe-rheological zolwelo olubandakanyekayo. Ukuqonda ezi ndlela zokuziphatha kubalulekile ekusombululeni imingeni esisiseko yemveliso.
Ukucheba iiseli nge-pseudoplasticity (Ukucheba iiseli nge-shear):Le yimpawu engatshintshiyo ixesha apho i-viscosity ebonakalayo yolwelo iyancipha njengoko izinga lokucheba lisanda. Ii-emulsions ezininzi kunye nee-lotions zobuhle zibonisa le ndlela yokuziphatha, nto leyo efunekayo kwiimveliso ezifuna ukuba zikhulu xa ziphumla kodwa zibe nokusasazeka okanye zikwazi ukugeleza xa zisetyenziswa.
Thixotropy:Le yimpawu yokunciphisa ukucheba okuxhomekeke kwixesha. Ulwelo lwe-thixotropic, njengeejeli ezithile kunye ne-colloidal suspensions, alubi nabukrakra kangako xa lushukunyiswa okanye luchetywa ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye kuthatha ixesha elithile ukubuyela kwimeko yalo yokuqala, enobukrakra ngakumbi xa uxinzelelo lususiwe. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo yipeyinti engathontsiziyo, encipha phantsi kobumdaka bebrashi kodwa ikhawuleza ityebe kumphezulu othe nkqo ukuthintela ukugoba. I-yogurt kunye nezinye iishampu nazo zibonisa le mpawu.
Ulwelo loxinzelelo lwemveliso:Ezi zinto zisebenza njengezinto eziqinileyo xa ziphumle kwaye ziqala ukuhamba emva kokuba uxinzelelo lwe-shear olusetyenzisiweyo ludlule ixabiso elibalulekileyo, elaziwa ngokuba yi-yield point okanye i-yield stress. I-Ketchup ngumzekelo oqhelekileyo. Kwizinto zokuthambisa, iimveliso ezine-yield point ephezulu zibonwa ngabathengi njenge "ezinomthamo omninzi" kunye nemvakalelo yomgangatho ophezulu.
1.3 Impembelelo Ethe Ngqo Ekusebenzeni Kakuhle Kwenkqubo
Ukuziphatha okungekho ngqo kwala manzi kunempembelelo enkulu kwaye idla ngokuba yingozi kwimisebenzi yokuvelisa eqhelekileyo.
1.3.1 Imisebenzi yokuPompa:
Ukusebenza kweempompo ze-centrifugal, ezifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo kwimveliso, kuchaphazeleka kakhulu yi-viscosity yolwelo. Intloko yempompo kunye ne-volumetric output zinoku "dedeleka" kakhulu xa kupompa ulwelo oluphezulu, olungelulo ulwelo lwe-Newtonian. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukwanda komxholo oqinileyo kumxube kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwentloko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60% kunye ne-25%, ngokulandelelana, kwimixube exineneyo. Oku dedeleka akuguquki; izinga eliphezulu lokucheba ngaphakathi kwempompo linokutshintsha i-viscosity ebonakalayo yolwelo, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni kwempompo okungalindelekanga kunye nokungabikho kokuhamba rhoqo. Ukumelana okuphezulu kolwelo oluxineneyo kukwabeka umthwalo omkhulu we-radial kwiibheringi kwaye kubangela iingxaki nge-mechanical seals, okwandisa umngcipheko wokusilela kwezixhobo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo.
1.3.2 Ukuxuba kunye nokuVuselela:
Kwitanki yokuxuba, i-viscosity ephezulu ye-cosmetic fluids ingawuthomalalisa kakhulu umsinga wokuhamba ukusuka kwi-mixing impeller, igxile kwi-shear kunye ne-mixing action ukuya kwindawo encinci ejikeleze i-impeller blade. Oku kukhokelela ekuchithweni kwamandla amakhulu kwaye kuthintela lonke iqela ekufikeleleni kwi-homogeneity. Kwi-shear-thinning fluids, esi siphumo siba sibi kakhulu, njengoko i-fluid ekude ne-impeller ifumana amazinga aphantsi okucheba kwaye ihlala kwi-viscosity ephezulu, idala "iziqithi ezixuba kancinci" okanye "ii-pseudo-caverns" ezingafakwanga kakuhle. Isiphumo kukusasazwa okungalinganiyo kwezixhobo kunye nemveliso yokugqibela engahambelaniyo.
Indlela yendabuko yokulinganisa i-viscosity ngesandla, ngaphandle komgca ayanelanga ukulawula ezi ngxaki. I-viscosity yolwelo olungelulo ulwelo lwe-Newtonian ayiloxabiso linye kodwa ngumsebenzi wesantya sokucheba kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ubude bokucheba. Iimeko apho isampuli yelebhu ilinganiswa khona (umz., kwi-beaker kwisantya esithile se-spindle kunye nobushushu) azibonisi iimeko zokucheba eziguqukayo ngaphakathi kombhobho okanye kwitanki yokuxuba. Ngenxa yoko, umlinganiselo othathwe ngesantya sokucheba esimiselweyo kunye nobushushu kusenokwenzeka ukuba awuchaphazeli ukuziphatha kolwelo ngexesha lenkqubo eguqukayo. Xa iqela lokuvelisa lixhomekeke ekuhlolweni ngesandla kweeyure ezimbini, alicothi nje kuphela ukusabela ekuguqukeni kwenkqubo ngexesha langempela kodwa likwasekela izigqibo zalo kwixabiso elisenokungameli ngokuchanekileyo imeko yolwelo oluqhubekayo. Oku kuxhomekeka kwidatha ephosakeleyo, esebenzayo kudala umjikelo wesizathu solawulo olubi kunye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu kokusebenza, okungenakwenzeka ukuqhekeka ngaphandle kwendlela entsha, esebenzayo.
Ukuxuba kunye nokuHlanganisa ubuhle
II. Ukukhethwa kweSensor kunye nokuphunyezwa kweHardware kwiindawo eziyingozi
Ukuya ngaphaya kweendlela ezenziwe ngesandla kufuna ukukhethwa kwee-viscometers ezikwi-intanethi eziqinileyo nezithembekileyo ezikwaziyo ukubonelela ngedatha eqhubekayo, yexesha langempela ngaphakathi kwenkqubo.
2.1I-Viscometry ekwi-Intanethi
Ii-viscometers ezikwi-intanethi, nokuba ifakwe ngqo kumgca wenkqubo (emgceni) okanye kwi-bypass loop, ibonelela ngokulinganisa i-viscosity ngexesha langempela iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, okwenza kube lula ukujonga nokulawula inkqubo rhoqo. Oku kwahluke kakhulu kwiindlela zelebhu ezingasebenziyo, ezisebenza ngokwemvelo kwaye zinokubonelela kuphela ngesithombe esifutshane semeko yenkqubo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ukukwazi ukufumana idatha ethembekileyo neqhubekayo kumgca wemveliso kuyimfuneko yokuphumeza inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo, oluvaliweyo.
2.2 Iimfuneko ezibalulekileyo zeViscometer
Ukukhethwa kwe-viscometer yokwenziwa kwezinto zokuhombisa kufuneka kukhokelwe yimida ekhethekileyo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kweshishini.
Imiqobo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuqina kwayo:
Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo:Iifomyula zobuhle zihlala zifuna ukufudumeza ukuya kubushushu obuthile ukuqinisekisa ukuxubana okufanelekileyo kunye nokuxutywa kwe-emulsification. I-sensor ekhethiweyo kufuneka ikwazi ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-300 °C kunye noxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-500 bar.
Ukumelana nokugqwala:Izithako ezininzi zokuhombisa, kuquka ii-surfactants kunye nezinye izongezo, zinokuba ngumhlwa ngokuhamba kwexesha. Iindawo ezimanzi zesensor kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezihlala ixesha elide, ezingamelani nomhlwa. I-316L Stainless Steel lukhetho oluqhelekileyo lokumelana kwayo kwiimeko ezinjalo.
Ukungakhuseleki ekungcangcazeleni:Iindawo zokwenza izinto zingxolo kakhulu, apho iimpompo, ii-agitators, kunye nezinye iimatshini zivelisa ukungcangcazela okubonakalayo. Umgaqo wokulinganisa we-sensor kufuneka ukhuseleke ngokwemvelo kwezi ngcangcazela ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha.
2.3 Uhlalutyo lweeTekhnoloji zeViscometer zoDibaniso lweNkqubo
Ukuze kubekho ukuhlanganiswa okuqinileyo kwi-intanethi, ezinye iiteknoloji zifanelekile ngakumbi kunezinye.
IiViscometer ezingcangcazelayo/ezivakalayo: Le teknoloji isebenza ngokulinganisa isiphumo sokudambisa kolwelo kwisixhobo esingcangcazelayo, njengefolokhwe okanye i-resonator, ukumisela i-viscosity. Lo mgaqo unika iingenelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwizicelo zokuhombisa. Ezi sensor azinazo iindawo ezihambayo, nto leyo enciphisa isidingo sokugcinwa kwaye inciphisa iindleko zokusebenza zizonke. Uyilo oluyilwe kakuhle, olufana ne-coaxial resonator elinganiselayo, lucima ii-reactions torques kwaye ke ngoko alunangxaki ngokupheleleyo neemeko zokufakelwa kunye nokungcangcazela kwangaphandle. Olu khuselo kwingxolo ye-ambient luqinisekisa umlinganiselo ozinzileyo, ophindaphindwayo, nophindaphindwayo, nokuba kukuhamba okuguquguqukayo okanye phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokucheba. Ezi sensor zinokulinganisa i-viscosity kuluhlu olubanzi kakhulu, ukusuka kulwelo lwe-viscosity oluphantsi kakhulu ukuya koluphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe nobuchule kakhulu kwipotifoliyo yemveliso eyahlukeneyo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokujikelezisa nezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe:Nangona ii-viscometer ezijikelezayo zisebenza kakhulu kwindawo yelabhoratri yokuvelisa ii-curves ezipheleleyo zokuhamba kwamanzi, ubunzima bazo kunye nokuba khona kweendawo ezihambayo kunokwenza kube nzima ukuzigcina kwindawo yokusebenza engaphakathi. Ezinye iintlobo, ezifana ne-falling element okanye uhlobo lwe-capillary, zinokufaneleka kwizicelo ezithile kodwa zihlala zijongene nemida ekulinganiseni ulwelo olungelulo ulwelo lwe-Newtonian okanye zichaphazeleka kukuguquguquka kobushushu kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi.
Ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yokulawula ezenzekelayo kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuthembeka kwegalelo layo le-sensor. Ke ngoko, uzinzo lwexesha elide kunye neemfuno ezincinci zokulinganisa ze-viscometer azizo nje iimpawu zokunethezeka; ziyimfuneko esisiseko yenkqubo yokulawula esebenzayo nengadingi kulungiswa kakhulu. Ixabiso le-sensor kufuneka lijongwe kungekuphela nje njengenkcitho yokuqala yenkunzi kodwa njengeendleko zayo zonke zobunini (TCO), ezibandakanya umsebenzi kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi elinxulumene nokugcinwa kunye nokulinganisa. Idatha evela kwizixhobo ezifanaii-viscometers ze-capillarybonisa ukuba ngokuphathwa kakuhle nokucoca, ukulinganiswa kwazo kunokuhlala kuzinzile kangangeminyaka elishumi nangaphezulu, okubonisa ukuba ukuzinza kwexesha elide luphawu olunokwenzeka nolubalulekileyo lwezixhobo zenkqubo. I-sensor enokugcina ukulinganiswa kwayo ixesha elide isusa kakhulu umngcipheko kwiprojekthi yokuzenzekelayo ngokususa umthombo omkhulu wotshintsho olunokwenzeka lwenkqubo kwaye ivumele inkqubo ukuba isebenze ngokuzimeleyo ngaphandle kokungenelela okuncinci komntu.
| Ubuchwepheshe | Umgaqo Wokusebenza | Ukufaneleka kwe-Non-Newtonian Fluids | Ubushushu obuphezulu/Uxinzelelo | Ukumelana nokugqwala | Ukungakhuseleki kokungcangcazela | Ukugcinwa/Ukulinganiswa |
| Ukungcangcazela/ Ukuvakala kwesandi | Ilinganisa ukufuma kolwelo kwisixhobo esingcangcazelayo (ifolokhwe, i-resonator). | Igqwesile (ifundeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ichetywa kakhulu). | Phezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-300°C, iibha ezingama-500). | Igqibelele kakhulu (zonke iindawo ezimanzi ze-316L SS). | Igqwesile (uyilo lwe-resonator olulinganiselayo). | Iphantsi (akukho zinxalenye zishukumayo, ukungcola okuncinci). |
| Ukujikeleza | Ilinganisa i-torque efunekayo ukuze kujikeleziswe i-spindle kulwelo. | Igqwesile (inika umjikelo opheleleyo kwindawo yelabhoratri). | Ukusuka koMgangatho ukuya koPhezulu (iyahluka ngokwemodeli). | Kulungile (ifuna izinto ezithile ze-spindle). | Ayilunganga (inokuchaphazeleka kakhulu kukungcangcazela kwangaphandle). | Ukucoca rhoqo (ukucoca rhoqo, ukuhambisa iindawo). |
| Uxinzelelo lweCapillary/ Umahluko | Ilinganisa ukwehla koxinzelelo kwityhubhu esisigxina ngesantya sokuhamba esingaguqukiyo. | I-limited (ivelisa i-viscosity enye ye-Newtonian ephakathi). | Phakathi ukuya phezulu (ifuna uzinzo lobushushu). | Kulungile (kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezenziwe nge-capillary). | Eliphakathi (lixhomekeke ekuhambeni kwamanzi, lifuna ukuhamba kwamanzi okuzinzileyo). | Phezulu (ifuna ukucocwa, isengozini yokuvaleka). |
| I-Element ewayo | Ilinganisa ixesha lokuba into ethile iwele kulwelo. | I-limited (ivelisa i-viscosity enye ye-Newtonian ephakathi). | Phakathi ukuya phezulu (kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo). | Kulungile (kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo). | Iphakathi (inokungcangcazela). | Iphakathi (iinxalenye ezihambayo, zifuna uhlengahlengiso kwakhona). |
2.4 Ukubekwa kweSensor efanelekileyo kwiDatha echanekileyo
Ukubekwa kwe-viscometer ngokoqobo kubaluleke kakhulu njengetekhnoloji ngokwayo. Ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba idatha eqokelelweyo imele imeko yenkqubo. Iindlela ezilungileyo ziyalela ukuba isensa ibekwe kwindawo apho ulwelo lufana kwaye apho into yokuva ingaphantsi kwamanzi ngamaxesha onke. Iindawo eziphakamileyo kumbhobho apho amaqamza omoya anokuqokelelana khona kufuneka ziphetshwe, njengoko umoya ongaphakathi unokuphazamisa imilinganiselo, ngakumbi kwiii-viscometers ezingcangcazelayoNgokufanayo, ukufakelwa "kwiindawo zokuma" apho ulwelo lungashukumi rhoqo kufuneka kuthintelwe ukuthintela ukwakheka kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo kwi-sensor. Icebo elihle kukubeka i-sensor kwicandelo lombhobho apho ukuhamba kwamanzi kuzinzile kwaye kuhambelane, njenge-riser ethe nkqo okanye indawo enesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esihambelanayo, ukubonelela ngedatha ethembekileyo yenkqubo yolawulo.
III.Udibaniso lwe-PLC/DCS olungenamthungo nge-RS485
Ukusasazwa ngempumelelo kwei-viscometer ekwi-intanethiixhomekeke ekudibaneni kwayo okungenamthungo kwiziseko zolawulo lwezityalo ezikhoyo. Ukukhetha iprotocol yonxibelelwano kunye nomgangatho obonakalayo sisigqibo esicwangcisiweyo esilinganisela ukuthembeka, iindleko, kunye nokuhambelana neenkqubo ezindala.
3.1 Isishwankathelo soYilo lweNkqubo
Uyilo oluqhelekileyo lolawulo lwemizi-mveliso kolu setyenziso lubudlelwane phakathi kwenkosi nekhoboka. I-PLC okanye i-DCS esembindini wesityalo isebenza njenge "master," iqalisa unxibelelwano ne-viscometer, esebenza njengesixhobo "sekhoboka". Isixhobo sekhoboka sihlala "sithule" de sibuzwe yinkosi, apho siphendula khona ngedatha eceliweyo. Le modeli yonxibelelwano yomntu ngamnye ithintela ukungqubana kwedatha kwaye yenza lula ulawulo lwenethiwekhi.
3.2 Ujongano loNxibelelwano lweRS485
Ujongano lonxibelelwano lwe-RS485 lumgangatho oqinileyo nowamkelwe ngokubanzi wokwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kwimizi-mveliso, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna unxibelelwano olude nolunamanqaku amaninzi.
Iingenelo zobuGcisa:
Umgama omde kunye nokuhla okuninzi: I-RS485 ixhasa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kumgama ofikelela kwiimitha ezingama-2000, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele izakhiwo zoshishino ezinkulu. Ibhasi enye inokudibanisa izixhobo ezifikelela kuma-30, inani elinokwandiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24/7 ngokusebenzisa iziphindaphindi, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko kunye nobunzima beziseko zoqhagamshelwano lweentambo.
Ukungakhuseleki kwingxolo:I-RS485 isebenzisa indlela yokubonisana elinganiselayo neyahlukileyo phezu kwentambo ejijekileyo. Olu yilo lubonelela ngokhuseleko olukhethekileyo kwi-electromagnetic interference (EMI) kunye nezinye ingxolo yombane, eyingxaki eqhelekileyo kwindawo yezityalo eneemoto ezinkulu kunye needrive.
3.3 Ukuvala umsantsa we-PLC/DCS
I-RS485 ayisiyonto yokukhetha nje kuphela kwezobuchwepheshe; sisigqibo seshishini esicwangcisiweyo esinceda kakhulu ukuba singangeni kwinkqubo yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo. Amandla ayo okuhamba imigama emide nokumelana nengxolo ayenza ifaneleke kakuhle kwiindawo zoshishino apho ezi zinto zibaluleke ngaphezu kwesantya sonxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo.
IV. Ukufunyanwa kwethiyori koLawulo oluZiqhelanisayo oluSekelwe kwiModeli
Eli candelo libonelela ngesiseko esiqinileyo sobukrelekrele sesicwangciso solawulo esinokukwazi ukusingatha amandla antsonkothileyo, angengomgca wendlela yokwenziwa kwezinto zokuthambisa.
4.1 Isidingo soLawulo oluPhambili
Abalawuli beNdabuko beProportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) basekelwe kwiimodeli ezithe ngqo zenkqubo kwaye abaxhotyiswanga ngokwaneleyo ukusingatha ukuziphatha okungekho kumgca, okuxhomekeka kwixesha, kunye nokuziphatha okuguquguqukayo kweempawu ze-non-Newtonian fluids. Isilawuli se-PID siyasebenza; silinda ukuba kwenzeke ukuphambuka kwindawo ebekiweyo ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukuthatha inyathelo lokulungisa. Kwinkqubo ene-dynamics yokuphendula ixesha elide, njengetanki enkulu yokuxuba okanye i-thickener, oku kunokukhokelela ekulungisweni kweempazamo kancinci, ukushukuma, okanye ukugqithisa kwe-viscosity ekujoliswe kuyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, okufana nokuguquguquka kobushushu okanye utshintsho kwi-composition yezinto eziluhlaza ezingenayo, kuya kufuna ukulungiswa rhoqo ngesandla kwe-PID controller, okukhokelela ekungazinzini kwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
4.2 Ukwenziwa kweModeli yeRheological yoLawulo
Isiseko secebo lokulawula eliphumelelayo lee-non-Newtonian fluids yimodeli yezibalo echanekileyo neyiqikelelayo yokuziphatha kwazo.
4.2.1 Ukwenziwa Kwemodeli Okubalulekileyo (Imigaqo Yokuqala):
Imodeli yeHerschel-Bulkley yi-equation enamandla esetyenziselwa ukuchaza indlela esebenza ngayo i-rheological yee-fluids ezibonisa uxinzelelo lwe-yield kunye neempawu ze-shear-thinning okanye ze-shear-thickening. Le modeli inxulumanisa uxinzelelo lwe-shear (τ) ne-shear rate (γ˙) kusetyenziswa iiparameter ezintathu eziphambili:
τ=τγ+K(γ˙)n
τγ (Yield Stress): Uxinzelelo oluncinci olufunekayo ukuze ulwelo luqale ukuhamba.
K (Isalathisi sokuQinisekisa): Ipharamitha efana ne-viscosity, emele ukumelana kolwelo nokuhamba kwamanzi.
n (Isalathiso sokuziphatha kweFlow): Ipharamitha ebalulekileyo echaza indlela olusebenza ngayo ulwelo: n<1 yokucheba i-shear (pseudoplastic), n>1 yokutyeba i-shear (ukuvuleka), kunye n=1 kwiplastiki yeBingham.
Le modeli inika isakhelo semathematika somlawuli ukuze aqikelele indlela i-viscosity ebonakalayo yolwelo eya kutshintsha ngayo phantsi kwamazinga ahlukeneyo okucheba ngaphakathi kwenkqubo, ukusuka kwindawo yokuxuba enomphetho ophantsi ukuya kwindawo enomphetho ophezulu wepompo.
4.2.2 Ukumodela okuqhutywa yiDatha:
Ukongeza kwiimodeli zemigaqo yokuqala, indlela eqhutywa yidatha ingasetyenziselwa ukwakha imodeli yenkqubo efunda kwidatha yexesha langempela enikezelwa yi-viscometer ekwi-intanethi. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiifomyula ezintsonkothileyo apho imodeli yemigaqo yokuqala echanekileyo kunzima ukuyifumana. Imodeli eqhutywa yidatha inokulungelelanisa ngokuguquguqukayo kwaye ilungiselele iiparameter zesensor ngexesha langempela ukuze iqwalasele izinto zangaphandle ezifana notshintsho kulwakhiwo lweoyile okanye ukuguquguquka kobushushu. Le ndlela ibonakalisiwe ukuba ilawula ngempumelelo impazamo epheleleyo yokulinganisa i-viscosity ngaphakathi koluhlu oluncinci, ibonisa ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kunye nokuthembeka.
4.3 Ukufunyanwa koMthetho woLawulo oluZiqhelanisayo
Eyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo yolawulo oluhambelanayo olusekelwe kwimodeli kukukwazi kwayo ukufunda rhoqo nokuziqhelanisa neemeko zenkqubo ezitshintshayo. Umlawuli akaxhomekeki kwiiparameter ezizinzileyo kodwa uhlaziya ngokuguquguqukayo imodeli yakhe yangaphakathi yenkqubo.
Umgaqo-siseko oyintloko:Isilawuli esiguquguqukayo sihlala siqikelela okanye sihlaziya iiparameter zemodeli yaso yangaphakathi ngexesha langempela ngokusekelwe kwidatha yesenzi engenayo. Oku kuvumela isilawuli ukuba "sifunde" kwaye sihlawulele utshintsho lwenkqubo olubangelwa kukutshintsha kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukuguguleka kwezixhobo, okanye utshintsho lokusingqongileyo.
Ukwakhiwa koMthetho woLawulo:
Uqikelelo lweParameter yeModeli: Isilinganiseli separameter, esidla ngokusekwe kwi-algorithm ye-recursive least squares (RLS) ene-adaptive forgetting factor, sisebenzisa idatha ye-sensor yexesha langempela (i-viscosity, i-temperature, i-shear rate) ukuze siqhubeke silungisa iiparameter zemodeli, njengexabiso le-K kunye ne-n lemodeli ye-Herschel-Bulkley. Eli licandelo "elizilungelelanisayo".
I-Algorithm yoLawulo lokuQala kwangaphambili:Imodeli yenkqubo ehlaziyiweyo isetyenziselwa ukuxela kwangaphambili indlela oluza kuziphatha ngayo ulwelo kwixesha elizayo. I-algorithm yeModel Predictive Control (MPC) yindlela efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwesi sicelo. I-MPC inokulawula iinguqu ezininzi eziguquliweyo (umz., izinga lokongeza i-thickener kunye nesantya sepompo) ngaxeshanye ukulawula iinguqu ezininzi zokukhupha (umz., i-viscosity kunye nobushushu). Uhlobo lwe-MPC lokuqikelela luyivumela ukuba ibale uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo olufunekayo ukugcina inkqubo isendleleni, nokuba kukulibaziseka ixesha elide, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo luhlala ngaphakathi "kwifestile" yalo efanelekileyo ye-rheological ngamaxesha onke.
Utshintsho oluvela kulawulo olulula lwempendulo ukuya kulawulo oluhambelanayo olusekelwe kwimodeli lubonisa utshintsho olusisiseko ukusuka kulawulo lwenkqubo olusebenzayo ukuya kulawulo olusebenzayo. Umlawuli we-PID wendabuko usabela ngokwemvelo, elinde ukuba kwenzeke impazamo ngaphambi kokuba athathe inyathelo. Kwinkqubo enokulibaziseka okukhulu kwexesha, le mpendulo idla ngokuba semva kakhulu, ekhokelela ekugqithiseni nasekutshintsheni. Umlawuli ohambelanayo, ngokufunda rhoqo imodeli yenkqubo, unokuqikelela indlela utshintsho oluphezulu—njengotshintsho kulwakhiwo lwezinto eziluhlaza—oluya kuchaphazela ngayo ukuxinana kwemveliso yokugqibela ngaphambi kokuba ukuphambuka kube balulekile. Oku kuvumela inkqubo ukuba yenze uhlengahlengiso olusebenzayo, olubaliweyo, iqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ihlala kwiinkcukacha kwaye inciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokuguquguquka. Lo ngumqhubi oyintloko wokunciphisa okukhulu kokuguquguquka kwebhetshi kunye nenkunkuma yezinto ezibhalwe kwizenzo eziphumelelayo.
V. Ukuphunyezwa Ngokusebenzayo, Ukuqinisekiswa, kunye namaqhinga okuSebenza
Isigaba sokugqibela seprojekthi kukusasazwa ngempumelelo kunye nolawulo lwexesha elide lwenkqubo edibeneyo. Oku kufuna ucwangciso olucokisekileyo kunye nokunamathela kwiindlela ezilungileyo zokusebenza.
5.1 Iindlela ezilungileyo zokusasaza
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-viscometry ekwi-intanethi kunye nolawulo oluhambelanayo ngumsebenzi onzima ofanele uphathiswe abahlanganisi beenkqubo abanamava. Uyilo oluchazwe kakuhle lwangaphambili lubalulekile, njengoko ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% yemicimbi yeprojekthi inokulandelwa ukuya kuthi ga kweli nqanaba. Xa kulungiswa kwakhona iinkqubo zolawulo lwexesha elidlulileyo, umhlanganisi ofanelekileyo unokubonelela ngolwazi olufunekayo lokuvala izikhewu zonxibelelwano nokuqinisekisa ukufuduka okungenamthungo. Ngaphezu koko, ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kwesensor kubaluleke kakhulu. I-viscometer kufuneka ifakwe kwindawo engenamaqamza omoya, iindawo zokuma, kunye namaqhekeza amakhulu anokuphazamisana nokulinganisa.
5.2 Ukuqinisekiswa kweDatha kunye nokuHlanganisa
Ukuze inkqubo yolawulo ithembeke, idatha exhomekeke kuyo kufuneka iqinisekiswe kwaye ivumelane. Izinzwa zoshishino kwiindawo ezinzima zichaphazeleka lula yingxolo, ukushukuma, kunye neempazamo. Iluphu yokulawula ethemba idatha yenzwa eluhlaza ayibonakali kwaye inokwenza iimpazamo ezibizayo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha:Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuphatha idatha ye-raw sensor ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaxabiso anentsingiselo kwaye akwinqanaba elilindelekileyo. Iindlela ezilula ziquka ukucoca izinto ezingaphandle kunye nokuthatha umyinge wemilinganiselo eliqela kwixesha elithile elichaziweyo ukunciphisa ingxolo.
Ukufunyanwa kweMpazamo ePheleleyo:Uvavanyo lwezibalo, olufana novavanyo lwe-chi-square, lungasetyenziselwa ukubona iimpazamo ezibalulekileyo okanye ukungaphumeleli kwesensor ngokuthelekisa ixabiso lomsebenzi we-objective nexabiso elibalulekileyo.
Uhlengahlengiso lweDatha:Le yindlela ephucukileyo esebenzisa idatha ye-sensor engafunekiyo kunye neemodeli zenkqubo (umz., ukugcinwa kobuninzi) ukuvelisa iseti enye yedatha eqinisekisiweyo ngokwezibalo. Le nkqubo yonyusa ukuzithemba kwinkqubo kwaye ibonelela ngomaleko ozaziyo wokuqina kwiingxaki ezincinci ze-sensor kunye nokungaphumeleli.
Ukuphunyezwa komaleko wokuqinisekisa idatha akuyonto iyimfuneko; yinxalenye yobukrelekrele efunekayo eyenza yonke inkqubo yolawulo ibe yomelele kwaye ithembeke xa kukho ukungangqinelani kwehlabathi lokwenyani. Olu komaleko luguqula inkqubo ukusuka kwisixhobo esilula sokuzenzekela ibe yinto ekrelekrele ngokwenene, ezijonga ngokwayo enokugcina umgangatho wemveliso ngaphandle kokujongwa ngumntu rhoqo.
5.3 Ukugcinwa Kwexesha Elide Nokuzinza
Impumelelo yexesha elide yenkqubo ye-viscometry ekwi-intanethi ixhomekeke kwisicwangciso solondolozo esichazwe kakuhle.
Ukugcinwa kweSensor: Ukusetyenziswa kwemizobo ye-viscometer eqinileyo engenazo iindawo ezishukumayo kunye nezinto ezimelana nokugqwala, njenge-316L Stainless Steel, kunokunciphisa kakhulu imingeni yokungcola kwaye kube lula ukugcinwa kwemisebenzi.
Ukulinganiswa kweNkqubo kunye nokuqinisekiswa:Ukulinganisa rhoqo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwexesha elide kwe-viscometer. Kwizicelo ezichanekileyo kakhulu, ukulinganisa ngemigangatho ye-viscometer eqinisekisiweyo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokwexesha elicwangcisiweyo, kodwa ukuphindaphinda kunokunciphisa usetyenziso olungengolubalulekanga kangako. Njengoko kuboniswe zizifundo zozinzo lwexesha elide, ezinye iintlobo ze-viscometer, ezifana nee-glass capillary okanye ii-viscometer ezidlidlizayo, zinokugcina ukulinganisa kwazo iminyaka, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ukuphindaphinda kweziganeko zokulinganisa ezibizayo.
Aisisombululo esisebenzayo sinokuzisa iingenelo ezibonakalayo: ukuncipha okukhulu kokuguquguquka kwenani lezinto kunye nenkunkuma yezinto, kunye nendlela eya kwimveliso ezimeleyo ngokupheleleyo nekrelekrele.I-Start your opixeshaizati-ionby i-coni-tact ILonnmeter.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-09-2025
