Iingubo ezisetyenziswa emanzini ezingatshiyo zenziwe njengomaleko okhusela izakhiwo zentsimbi, zidibanisa ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokumelana nomlilo okuthembekileyo. Iimpawu zazo eziphawulekayo ziquka ukukhutshwa kwe-low volatile organic compound (VOC), ukungabikho kwee-halogens, kunye nomxube obeka phambili ukhuseleko kubasebenzisi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ezi ngubo zixatyiswa kakhulu kumacandelo apho ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwetyhefu kunye nokunamathela kwizenzo ezizinzileyo kubaluleke kakhulu, njengeeprojekthi zorhwebo eziphakamileyo kunye neziseko zophuhliso.
Inzuzo ephambili yengubo ezimelana nomlilo ezisekelwe emanzini kukuba azinazo i-halogen. Ngokususa i-chlorine, i-bromine, kunye neekhompawundi ezinxulumene nayo, ezi ngubo zinciphisa umngcipheko wokukhutshwa kwegesi enobungozi ngexesha lomlilo. Oku kujongana ngqo neenkxalabo malunga nokukhululwa kwee-dioxins kunye nee-furans ekutshisweni, kusabela kwimigangatho eqinileyo yengubo engatshiyo kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwendawo kubo bobabini abahlali kunye nabo basabelayo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwezi ngubo kukubambisana phakathi kwenkqubo yokubopha kunye nezizalisi eziqinileyo. Izizalisi ezingaphiliyo ezifana ne-magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃), i-magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), kunye ne-aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwindima yazo njengemiqobo yobushushu. Zisebenza imisebenzi eliqela: zithintela umsi, zifunxa ubushushu ngokubola kwe-endothermic, zikhupha umphunga wamanzi ukuze upholise i-substrate, kwaye zonyusa ukuthembeka komatshini wefilimu. Umzekelo, i-magnesium hydroxide ikhupha umphunga wamanzi xa ibekwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo enceda ekunciphiseni ukwanda komlilo.
Ukwaleka Okungamelani Nomlilo kwiSakhiwo seNsimbi
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Ukusasazwa okufanayo kunye nokwakheka kwamasuntswana kwezi zihluzi zinempembelelo enkuluumlinganiselo wobuninzi bengubo ethintela umlilo, ukusebenza, kunye nokuhambelana. Ukusasazwa ngokufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba i-coating yenza isikhuselo sobushushu esiqhubekayo ngexesha lomlilo. Nangona kunjalo, ukulayishwa kwe-filler eninzi kunokuphazamisa uzinzo lwenkqubo, okwenza iindlela zokuthintela umlilo ezitshizwayo okanye zokusebenzisa ibrashi zibe nzima ngakumbi. Kukho ulungelelwaniso olufunekayo: i-filler eyaneleyo yokuthintela umlilo, kodwa kungekhona kakhulu kangangokuba inciphisa ukunamathela okanye ukuguquguquka.
Kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo, iipolymers eziphilayo zibopha izinto kunye kwaye zinegalelo ekuguquguqukeni kwefilimu. Ziphuculwe zizizalisi ezikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo, isigqubuthelo esihlanganisiweyo esiphumayo sifikelela kuzinzo oluphezulu lobushushu, sinciphisa isantya sokunyuka kobushushu kwaye siphucule ifestile yokukhusela ngexesha lomlilo. Xa isetyenziswa kwinqanaba lokuxuba imveliso yesigqubuthelo esingatshiyo, ukukhetha ngononophelo kunye nokuxuba izizalisi kunye nezibopheleli kumisela ukusebenza kokugqibela. Le nkqubo inxulunyaniswa ngokuqinileyo neziphumo ezinje ngokuncipha kokukhupha umsi, ukuphucula intumescence (ukwanda kwesigqubuthelo phantsi kobushushu), kunye nokuqina okungcono koomatshini.
Iingubo ezisekelwe emanzini zikwanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-VOC, inzuzo yomgangatho womoya kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Oku kufezekiswa ikakhulu ngokusebenzisa amanzi njengesinyibilikisi kunye nomxholo ophezulu we-mineral filler, othatha indawo yezihlanganisi ze-volatible organic. Oku kuhambelana neemfuno zozinzo kunye neziqinisekiso zesakhiwo eziluhlaza, okwenza ezi ngubo zibe phakathi kwezona ngubo zibalaseleyo ezingatshiyo kwizakhiwo ezilwela ukuthobela indalo.
Ngamafutshane, ukudibana kwetekhnoloji engenamanzi, esekwe kwi-halogen kunye nezizalisi eziphucukileyo ze-inorganic kuvelisa iingubo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ezingatshiyo, ezilungiswe kakuhle ukuze kukhuselwe isakhiwo sentsimbi. Ukusasazwa okufanayo, umxholo ofanelekileyo, kunye nenkqubo yokuxuba iingubo ezinganyangekiyo ngononophelo kuqinisekisa iziphumo ezithembekileyo nezisebenzayo kakhulu kwizakhiwo zokhuseleko.
Ukubaluleka kokulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi kwi-Fire-Resistive Coatings
Uxinano oluhlala luhleli ekutshizeni umlilo ngokutshiza kubalulekile ukuze kufezekiswe ugqubuthelo olusebenza kakuhle olumelana nomlilo olulungiselelwe izakhiwo zentsimbi. Uxinano logqubuthelo olusekelwe emanzini olumelana nomlilo lumisela ngokuthe ngqo iimpawu zalo zokuthintela ubushushu, nto leyo echaphazela ixesha elide i-substrate yentsimbi igcina ubuqotho bayo phantsi komlilo. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba ukuphambuka okuncinci kuxinano kunokubangela utshintsho olukhulu kokubili ekuqhubeni kobushushu kunye namandla okucinezelwa, nto leyo echaphazela amandla ogqubuthelo okubonelela ngokhuseleko olufanelekileyo lomlilo olungenamsebenzi.
Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kwenza kube lula ukulungelelanisa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lesigaba sokuxuba imveliso yokudibanisa uboya obungatshiyo. Ngokujonga ngexesha langempela ngeemitha zoxinano oluphakathi ezifana nezo zibonelelwa yiLonnmeter, abavelisi bagcina ulawulo oluqinileyo kubuninzi boboya obungatshiyo obusekelwe emanzini. Oku kuqinisekisa ubukhulu obufanayo bokusetyenziswa kwaye kuthintela iindawo ezingenanto okanye ezibuthathaka, zombini ezinokuthi zonakalise ukumelana nomlilo.
- Ulawulo loxinano luchaphazela iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ezininzi:Ukumelana nomlilo:Umlinganiselo wobuninzi bengubo obunokuchasana nomlilo uvumela ukwakheka okuchanekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxuba i-coating engatshiyo. Iingubo ezingaphantsi kobunzima zinokungaphumeleli ngaphambi kwexesha ngexesha lomlilo, ngelixa iingubo ezixineneyo kakhulu zinokuqhekeka okanye zahlukane nentsimbi, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko.
- Ukusebenza kakuhle koMgangatho:Ukugcina uxinano oluchanekileyo kunceda ukuphucula izinga lokusasazeka kwezinto kwiindlela zokufaka i-spray coating engatshiyo, nto leyo echaphazela ukugutyungelwa ngokubanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kwiiprojekthi ezinje nge-coating ezingcono kakhulu ezingatshiyo zezakhiwo okanye i-spray engatshiyo engabiziyo yamakhaya.
Ukuqina koomatshini:Ulawulo loxinano luqinisekisa ukuba uqweqwe olumelana nomlilo lwezakhiwo zentsimbi lugcina ukunamathela okwaneleyo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokumelana nomonakalo womzimba. Uphando olusebenzisa uhlalutyo lokubhujiswa kwe-positron lubonisa ukuba ukuguquguquka koxinano kunokuphazamisa isakhiwo se-microstructure, kudala iindawo ezibuthathaka ngaphakathi kwe-matrix yogqumo. Ukuhambelana kwesakhiwo se-microstructure kuhambelana namandla aphezulu okuxinana kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwangethuba. Kwizinto zogqumo ezisekelwe emanzini ezingatshiyo ezinezongezo ze-nanoparticle ezisasazekileyo, ukulinganisa uxinano ngexesha langempela kubalulekile. Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lunokubangela ukuxinana, ukuphakamisa uxinano ngokungalinganiyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembeka koomatshini. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-inline luthintela iingxaki ezinjalo, luxhasa ukuqina kwexesha elide kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zemigangatho yogqumo olumelana nomlilo kunye novavanyo.
Ukulawulwa koxinano olubi kwinqanaba lokuxuba i-coating engatshiyo kunokubangela ukungalingani kwe-foam kunye nokubanjwa komoya, kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-coating engatshiyo esebenza kakhulu kwaye kufuneke ukulungiswa okubiza kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukujonga rhoqo nge-inline density meters ezifana nezo zivela eLonnmeter kubalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nokuthobela imithetho yokhuseleko lomlilo yanamhlanje kunye nokugcina iingenelo zobuchwepheshe be-coating engatshiyo esebenzisa amanzi.
Unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kokulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kunye nomgangatho ohambelanayo, ophindaphindwayo wokuthintela umlilo ngokutshiza uxhaswa yimodeli yezinto ezilinganiselweyo kunye nedatha yemveliso yehlabathi lokwenyani. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokwakha zihlala zisebenza kwinqanaba lazo lokusebenza elicetywayo, zixhasa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwengubo engatshiyo.
Apha ngezantsi kukho itshati ebonisa ulwalamano phakathi koxinano lwengubo engatshiyo kunye nokuqhuba kobushushu, kugxininiswa ukuba kutheni ulawulo loxinano oluqinileyo lubalulekile (idatha eqikelelweyo yokubona ngeliso):
Uxinano (kg/m³) | Ukuqhuba Ubushushu (W/m·K)
-----------------|- ...
300 | 0.10
400 | 0.12
500 | 0.15
600 | 0.18
700 | 0.20
800 | 0.23
Ukwanda okuncinci koxinano kunokuphinda kabini ukuhanjiswa kobushushu, kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu. Ukubeka iliso kwimigca kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, okwenza iindlela eziphambili zokusebenzisa i-spray coating ezikhuseleke ngakumbi kwaye zihambelane ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo.
Imingeni kunye nezisombululo kwiSigaba sokuxuba iMveliso
Kwinqanaba lokuxuba imveliso yeengubo ezisetyenziswa emanzini ezingatshiyo kwizakhiwo zentsimbi, ukufezekisa nokugcina uxinano loxinano kubalulekile. Uxinano loxinano aluqinisekisi nje kuphela umqobo othembekileyo ongatshiyo kodwa lukwaqinisekisa nokuthobela imigangatho yengubo engatshiyo kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuthintela umlilo ezitshizwayo kunye nezinye iindlela.
Le nkqubo iqala ngokuhlanganisa uluhlu lwezihluzi eziqinileyo, ii-intumescent agents, ii-binders, kunye nee-rheology modifiers kwi-aqueous matrix. Omnye umngeni oqhubekayo kukuhlanganiswa kwee-particle, apho izihluzi ezifana ne-ammonium polyphosphate kunye ne-expanded graphite zihlangana ngaphandle kokucheba okanye ukusasazeka okwaneleyo. Oku kuhlanganiswa kukhokelela kwi-local density gradients kumxube, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iprofayili yoxinano lwe-fire-resistance coating esetyenzisiweyo. Xa kwenzeka umahluko woxinano, ukwanda ngexesha lokuvezwa komlilo kuba yinto engalindelekanga, okuvelisa amanqaku abuthathaka anokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko- olu nxibelelwano phakathi koxinano kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-fire barrier luxhaswa kakhulu zizifundo zelebhu kunye nezentsimi.
Enye ingxaki exhaphakileyo kukuhlaliswa kwee-solid particles ngexesha okanye emva kokuxutywa, ingakumbi xa amandla angenelanga okanye ulawulo lwe-viscosity lunganelanga. Ukuhlaliswa kubangela ukuba izizalisi kunye nezongezo ezithintela ilangatye zihlukane, nto leyo edala iziphumo ezingafunekiyo zemaleko. Xa ezi ngubo zisetyenziswa, ukuqina kwe-spray kunye nobukhulu be-spray spray coating buyachaphazeleka, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiipropati zokumelana nomlilo eziqhekekileyo. I-viscosity ephezulu yodwa ayiqinisekisi uzinzo; ulandelelwano olungafanelekanga lokongeza kunye nokungabikho kwe-homogeneity kwinqanaba elincinci kunokubangela ukungangqinelani koxinano olufihliweyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba nokuba yi-5% coefficient yokwahluka kwamanani e-batch density inokubonisa umngcipheko omkhulu wokusebenza kwe-coating kwi-scenarios zomlilo wokwakha.
Ukuthintela iingxaki ezinjalo kuqala ngokongeza iipowders ngokwezigaba kwisigaba solwelo, phantsi koxinzelelo olusebenzayo loomatshini. Abaxubi kunye nabasasazi abasebenzisa umatshini ophezulu bavelisa umxube ofanayo, beqhekeza ii-agglomerates zokuqala kwaye bancede ekusasazweni ngokulinganayo kwezambathiso. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubunzulu boxinzelelo buphantsi kakhulu okanye ixesha lokuxuba alanelanga, umoya unokufakwa, wehlise uxinano olulinganisiweyo kwaye wonakalise ukumelana nomlilo kombala wokugqibela. Kwelinye icala, uhlengahlengiso olugqithisileyo lunokonakalisa ezinye iikhemikhali zokubopha, nto leyo egxininisa imfuneko yolawulo oluchanekileyo.
Ukungaguquguquki kweqela ngalinye kuvela njengengxaki ephindaphindayo, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokuxuba indawo okanye zeqela lentsimi, apho umahluko kwiimeko ezingqongileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuxuba zithintela ukuphinda kuvele. Ngaphandle kokubeka esweni okuqhubekayo, ukusebenza kunokwahluka koko kufezekiswayo kwindawo elawulwayo yemizi-mveliso. Apha, iimitha zoxinano ezingaphakathi ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter ziba yinto engabalulekanga. Ziyawuthatha umxube ngexesha langempela, zifumanisa ukuphambuka koxinano oluncinci olubonisa ukuzinza, ukuxinana, okanye ukusasazwa okungaphelelanga. Xa zidityaniswe nolawulo oluzenzekelayo, isantya somxube kunye nomlinganiselo wezithako zilungiswa ngokuguquguqukayo, zivala i-feedback loop kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba i-batch nganye ihambelana nobubanzi boxinano olujoliswe kulo lwezinto zokugquma ezimelana nomlilo ezisebenza kakuhle.
Ukuze kuthotyelwe imithetho nemigaqo, imigca emininzi yemveliso idibanisa umlinganiselo woxinano oluphakathi kunye neemitha ze-viscosity ezingaphakathi. Le ndlela ye-tandem ibalulekile, kuba iingubo ezingatshiyo kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yoxinano kunye neye-rheological ukuze kube lula ukutshiza, ukugubungela, kunye nokukhusela umlilo. Indlela yokusebenza kwezoshishino—ehambelana nesikhokelo esivela kwiiarhente ezifana ne-UL—ikhuthaza ukujonga umgangatho emva kokuxuba. Sekunjalo iinkqubo ezisebenzayo kakhulu zidibanisa ii-sensors ngaphakathi kwesitya sokuxuba okanye umgca wokujikeleza kwakhona, zivumela ukungenelela ngexesha langempela kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma ngenxa yezinto ezingaphandle kwe-spec.
Ngamafutshane, inqanaba lokuxuba imveliso yeengubo ezisetyenziswa emanzini ezingatshiyo lizisa imingeni enzima: ukuthintela ukuzinza nokuqhekeka, ukufikelela ekusasazekeni okuqhubekekayo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphinda-phindana kwe-batch ukuya kwi-batch. Izisombululo zixhomekeke ekuxutyweni koomatshini okwenziwe kakuhle, ukuhlanganiswa kwezithako ngononophelo, kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, ukujonga rhoqo ngexesha langempela kusetyenziswa iimitha zoxinano oluphakathi ezivela kubavelisi abanjengoLonnmeter. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umlinganiselo woxinano lwengubo olumelana nomlilo uhlala ngaphakathi kokunyamezelana okungqongqo okufunekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo kunye nokuvunywa komthetho.
Iindlela kunye neeTekhnoloji zokulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi
Ukulinganisa uxinano kubalulekile ekugcineni umgangatho kunye nokumelana nomlilo kweengubo ezisetyenziswa emanzini ngexesha lokuveliswa. Ukuveliswa kwanamhlanje kweengubo ezisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zentsimbi kuxhomekeke ekubekweni esweni ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nemigangatho yengubo ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo kunye neemfuno zovavanyo, ngelixa kukwaphuculwa inkqubo yokuxuba iingubo ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ...
Imigaqo Yomzimba kunye Nezixhobo Zokulinganisa
- Imigaqo emibini ephambili yomzimba ixhasa umlinganiselo woxinano oluphambili oluphakathi komgca wokuthintela umlilo kunye nokufakwa komlilo okusekelwe emanzini:Ukulinganiswa koxinano lwe-Ultrasonicisebenzisa ukusasazeka kwamaza esandi ahamba rhoqo ngengubo. Iisensors zivavanya isantya sesandi kunye ne-acoustic impedance—zombini ezichaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo bubuninzi kunye nokwakheka kwengubo. Utshintsho kwi-pigment, i-resin, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-solvent lutshintsha iiprofayili ze-acoustic. Iifomyula ezichanekileyo ezifana (c = \sqrt{K/\rho}) (apho u-c sisantya sesandi, u-K yi-bulk modulus, kunye no-ρ yi-density) ziyasetyenziswa. Le teknoloji ibona ngokukhawuleza utshintsho lwenkqubo, njengokuxutywa kwamanzi, ukuhlaliswa okuqinileyo, okanye ukubonakala kwe-foam okanye amaqamza, anokuchaphazela umgangatho we-insulation kunye nokubophelela kwiindawo zentsimbi.
Itekhnoloji ye-U-Tube etshintshatshintshayoisebenzisa ityhubhu eshukumayo efana no-U ezaliswe yingubo ethintela umlilo. Ubuninzi be-oscillation yetyhubhu butshintsha ngokulinganayo kubunzima kunye noxinano lwengubo; umgaqo uchazwa njengo (f \propto 1/\sqrt{m_{tube} + m_{fluid}}). Le teknoloji iqinile kwaye iphindaphindeka kakhulu, ihlala ilinganisiwe kwimijikelo emide yokuxuba kwaye imelana ne-viscosities eguquguqukayo ekhoyo kwiingubo ezimelana nomlilo ezisebenza kakuhle. Uhlalutyo lwemizobo lubonisa ulwalamano oluthe ngqo phakathi kokuhla kwefrikhwensi kunye nokwanda koxinano ngexesha lokudibanisa i-pigment okanye izinto eziqinileyo. Zombini ezi teknoloji zifuna imbuyekezo echanekileyo yobushushu, njengoko uxinano lwengubo lunovelwano nakwiinguqu ezincinci zobushushu, ezinokukhokelela kwiibhetshi ezingaqhelekanga okanye ukusebenza komlilo okwenzekileyo.
Ukusampula ngesandla vs. Iindlela zoBuchule obukwi-Inline ngexesha langempela
Ukulinganiswa koxinano lwendabuko kwiindlela zokusetyenziswa kwe-spray coating engatshiyo kuxhomekeke kwi-sampling ngesandla, njengokuqokelelwa kwe-coating rhoqo ukusuka kumgca kunye nohlalutyo lwelebhu. Le ndlela ithatha ixesha, ixhomekeke kwimpazamo yomqhubi, kwaye ayinakukwazi ukunika impendulo kwangoko. Ukulibaziseka phakathi kokuqokelelwa kwesampulu kunye nokutolikwa kweziphumo kunokuvumela ukuba izinto ezingathobeliyo ziqhubeke zingajongwanga, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni i-spray engatshiyo emakhaya nakwizakhiwo.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iindlela zokujonga ngaphakathi ngexesha langempela—ezivuselelwa ziimitha ze-U-tube ezisebenzisa i-ultrasonic kunye ne-oscillating—zihlala zijonga uxinano kumjelo wenkqubo. Impendulo ekhawulezileyo ixhasa ulawulo oluqinileyo lwebhetshi nganye ngexesha lesigaba sokuxuba imveliso yokudibanisa i-coating engatshiyo. Ulawulo oluhambelanayo:
- Inciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi ngokunciphisa ukuyeka rhoqo.
- Ibona ukuphambuka ngokukhawuleza, iphephe ukuphinda isetyenzwe okanye inkunkuma eninzi.
- Ivumela uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo lwamanzi, i-pigment, okanye ii-additive ratios ukugcina iipropati ezithile zokumelana nomlilo.
Ukulinganisa uxinano oluzenzekelayo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukufana kwepeyinti ezingcono kakhulu ezingatshiyo zezakhiwo, kunye nokufezekisa iimfuno zokuqinisekiswa komgangatho ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imveliso.
Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo zeNkqubo zokulinganisa uxinano lwangoku
Iimitha zoxinano zanamhlanje—ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter—zibonelela ngophuculo olubalulekileyo kwiingenelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokugquma okusekelwe emanzini:
- Uvakalelo oluphezulu kunye nokuchaneka: Izixhobo zihlala zibona utshintsho loxinano oluncinci njenge-0.001 g/cm³, olubalulekileyo ekuthobeleni nasekuphepheni umlilo okuphindaphindiweyo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa kubekwa esweni iifomyula ezisekelwe emanzini, ezinokutshintsha uxinano kancinci ngenxa yokufuma okanye ukuxubana kwezithako.
- Ulwakhiwo Oluhlala Luhleli: Iisensors zenzelwe ukumelana neekhemikhali ukuze zikwazi ukusingatha izinto ezirhabaxa okanye ezigcwele amasuntswana kangangexesha elide, zigcina ukusebenza kwiimeko ezinzima zeenkqubo zokuthintela umlilo zesakhiwo sentsimbi.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kweDijithali kunye nokuxilongwa: Iimpawu ezifana neendlela zokulungisa ubushushu kunye neziphumo zokuxilonga zivumela abaqhubi ukuba balandelele impilo ye-sensor, basombulule iingxaki ngokukhawuleza, kwaye bagcine ukuhambelana kweendlela zokufaka i-coating engatshiyo.
- Ulawulo lweNkqubo oluQhubekekayo: Ukuhlanganiswa nee-PLC okanye iinkqubo ze-SCADA kuqinisekisa ukuba idatha yoxinano iyagcinwa kwaye ijongwa. Izilumkiso zokuphambuka ngokuzenzekelayo zixhasa amanyathelo okulungisa ngokukhawuleza ukugcina ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuvelisa.
Umzekelo, ii-sensors ze-ultrasonic ezifakwe kwi-mixers ezinesantya esiphezulu ziqinisekisa ukuba ukusasazwa kwe-resin kuhlala kufana, kuthintela ukuqhekeka okanye ukuhla okunokuphazamisa umgangatho wokuthintela umlilo. Iimitha ze-U-tube ezijikelezayo zivumela abaqhubi ukuba balungise umxholo wamanzi bukhoma, okuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetshi nganye igcina uluhlu olufanelekileyo loxinano olufunekayo ukuze kuthotyelwe kwi-substrates zentsimbi.
Ukusetyenziswa komlinganiselo woxinano lwanamhlanje olungaphakathi kuguqula iindlela zokuziphatha zokulawula umgangatho—ukusuka ekungeneleleni okusebenzayo ukuya ekuthinteleni okusebenzayo komlinganiselo woxinano oluchasene nomlilo olungasebenziyo kwiinkcukacha. Ngenxa yoko, abavelisi banciphisa inkunkuma, baqinisekisa ukhuseleko, kwaye bahlangabezana neemfuno eziqatha zoxinano olumelana nomlilo olusebenza kakuhle, zombini kwizakhiwo zentsimbi zoshishino kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesitshizi esingatshiyo kwiindawo zokuhlala.
Iziphumo zokuguquguquka kobuninzi kwisicelo sokuthintela umlilo esitshizwayo
Uxinano lwengubo engatshiyo esekwe emanzini lubumba ngokuthe ngqo ukutshiza, ukunamathela, kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu kwiindlela zokusetyenziswa kwengubo engatshiyo esetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zentsimbi. Idatha yeshishini ibonisa ukuba uxinano, xa lungajongwanga ngokusondeleyo, lubangela umgangatho wengubo ongaguqukiyo, ukunamathela okungaguqukiyo, kunye neziphumo ezingaqikelelweyo zokungatshisi.
Impembelelo yoBuninzi ekuFuthweni, ekuNamatheni, nasekuGqibeni komphezulu
Uxinano lwengubo engatshiyo luchaphazela i-atomization yayo ngezixhobo zokutshiza. Uluhlu loxinano lwe-1.2–1.4 g/cm³ luvumela i-atomization eqhubekayo, inceda ukuthintela ukuvaleka kwezixhobo kunye nokuhambisa ifilimu efanayo. Uxinano olungaphezulu kolu luhlu ludla ngokufuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwepompo okanye ii-nozzle orifices ezinkulu. Oku kunokunyusa i-overspray, kuvelise iipateni zokutshiza ezingalinganiyo, kwaye kubangele ukugoba okanye ukusebenza, ngakumbi kwiindawo zentsimbi ezithe nkqo. Umzekelo, ii-spray ezingenamoya zibonisa ukuthambekela kwimiphumo "yekhethini" xa zitshiza imixube enoxinano oluphezulu, okubangela imiphetho enzima kunye namaziko amancinci anzima ukudibana nokwakhiwa kwefilimu efunekayo.
Izitshizi ezingatshiyo ezinobunzima obuphantsi, nangona zisenza i-atomize lula, zisenokungakwazi ukuvelisa ubukhulu befilimu eyomileyo echaziweyo ngexesha elinye. Ngenxa yoko, ukugqunywa komphetho kunye nokuxinana okupheleleyo okujikeleze ii-I-beams okanye iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelo zinokungangqinelani. Ukuqhubeka kwefilimu, okubalulekileyo ekuchaseni umlilo okuphezulu, kunxulunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo nolawulo lobunzima kwinqanaba lokuxuba imveliso kunye nokubeka esweni ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo.
Amandla okuncamathela yenye iparameter ebalulekileyo ebunjwe bubuninzi bengubo. Ubukhulu bengubo obungatshiyo kwizakhiwo zentsimbi budla ngokunyusa umxholo wezinto eziqinileyo. Oku kunokunceda ukudibana koomatshini kwiindawo zentsimbi, kodwa xa ubunzima bungaphezulu, izinto eziqinileyo ezongezelelekileyo zithintela ukumanzisa nokungena kwe-substrate, kunciphisa amandla okuncamathela ngakumbi kwiindawo ezilungisiweyo okanye ezigudileyo. Iifomyula ezinobunzima obuphantsi, ngelixa zibonisa ukumanzisa okuphuculweyo, zihlala zibonisa ukuxinana kwe-pinhole, amazinga aphezulu okuphuma komphunga, kunye nokuqhekeka kwefilimu ekugqibeleni okanye ukuqhekeka ukuba umthwali wamanzi uphuma ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngexesha lokomiswa.
Amaxabiso alinganisiweyo avela kuvavanyo lokunamathela olutsaliweyo (ASTM D4541) abonisa amandla aphezulu ebhondi (ngokuqhelekileyo >2.5 MPa) kwibhendi yoxinano oluchanekileyo, ngelixa zombini umxube ongaphantsi kunye noxineneyo kakhulu udla ngokuwela ngaphantsi kwe-2.0 MPa ngenxa yokuhlangana okanye ukungabikho kokumanzisa.
Ukugqitywa komphezulu kukwabonisa ukuxhomekeka okukhulu kuxinano. Iingubo ezixineneyo kakhulu zibeka emngciphekweni ukuthungwa kwamaxolo eorenji okanye iifilimu ezomileyo ezirhabaxa. Ii-suspensions ezixutywe kakhulu zikhokelela kwiiprofayili zomphezulu ezingenamaqhuqhuva kodwa ezingalinganiyo, ezinemingxuma, okanye ezibhityileyo, ingakumbi xa zisetyenziswa kwi-geometries zentsimbi enzima.
Iindlela ezilungileyo zokugcina ukuhambelana kwesicelo kwizakhiwo zentsimbi
Ukugcina uxinano oluzinzileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxuba i-coating engatshiyo kubalulekile. Ukulinganiswa koxinano olungaphakathi, oluvunyiwe zizixhobo ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, kubonelela abaqhubi ngempendulo eqhubekayo kunye nezilumkiso ezikhawulezileyo malunga notshintsho olungaqhelekanga. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhukhuleka koxinano ngenxa yokungachaneki kokwakheka kwebhetshi okanye ukulahleka kwamanzi ngenxa yokufuma - imiba ebaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko zesiza esinobushushu obuphezulu okanye esinomswakama ophantsi.
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo olucwangcisiweyo luqinisekisa ukuba ibhetshi nganye ethunyelwa kwi-spray nozzle ihambelana neethagethi zoxinano ezifunekayo ukuze i-atomization kunye nokugubungela ngokugqibeleleyo. Ukuthatha iisampulu kukodwa lukhuseleko olungathembekanga; idatha yasentsimini iyaqinisekisa ukubaumlinganiselo we-inline wexesha langempelaikhawuleza ichonge ukuphambuka kwenkqubo ngaphambi kokuba ichaphazele iziphumo zesicelo okanye yophule imigangatho yokugquma engatshiyo kunye nemigangatho yovavanyo.
Ukulungisa umlinganiselo wee-binders, fillers, kunye ne-intumescents kunceda ekulungiseni uxinano, kwaye, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukutshiza kunye nokwakhiwa kwefilimu. Kwiikholamu zentsimbi kunye neebhanti, indlela eqhelekileyo icebisa ukugcina uxinano ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe-1.3–1.4 g/cm³, oluhambelana neziphumo ezilungileyo kuvavanyo lwasentsimini nakwilebhu.
Ulwalamano Phakathi koBuninzi obuLinganisiweyo kunye neziphumo ezilindelekileyo zokuxhathisa umlilo
Izifundo ezipheleleyo zibonisa ulwalamano oluthe ngqo phakathi koxinano oluchanekileyo lokugquma umlilo kunye nokumelana nomlilo okuvavanyiweyo kwezinto. Iingubo ezifanayo nezinobukhulu obaneleyo, ezenziwe zaba nokwenzeka ngokugcina uxinano olujoliswe kulo, zifezekisa ixesha elichaziweyo lokungaphumeleli kwiimvavanyo zomlilo ezisemgangathweni (ezifana ne-ASTM E119 kunye ne-EN 13381). Iingubo ezingaphantsi kobunzima zibeka emngciphekweni ukusebenza okungaphantsi kokulunga, zisilela ukufihla ii-substrates zentsimbi ngokwaneleyo kwiimeko zokuvezwa komlilo ixesha elide.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iingubo ezixineneyo kakhulu ekuqaleni zingadlula iimfuno zobunzima obuphantsi kodwa zihlala zivelisa imifantu eyomileyo okanye ubuthathaka bokunamathela, nto leyo eyonakalisa ukuthembeka kokuthintela umlilo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukusetyenziswa kweemitha zoxinano lwangaphakathi ngexesha langempela kuyo yonke i-spray engatshiyo kumakhaya nakwiindawo zoshishino ke ngoko kunxulunyaniswa namazinga aphezulu okuthobela imigangatho yengubo engatshiyo kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo kwaye kuthathwa njengento ebalulekileyo ekunikezelweni kweengubo ezichasene nomlilo ezisebenza kakuhle kwizakhiwo.
Ngokulawula uxinano lwengubo enganyangekiyo emlilweni kwimigangatho ephambili yemveliso kunye neyokusetyenziswa, iingcali ziqinisekisa ukuba iingenelo zengubo enganyangekiyo emlilweni ezisekelwe emanzini ziguqulela ngokuthembekileyo ekusebenzeni okuqinileyo kwindawo, zandisa ubomi benkonzo kwaye zikhusela ukuqina kwentsimbi phantsi komlilo.
Isikhokelo Esisebenzayo Sokusebenzisa Ukulinganisa Uxinano
Ukulinganisa uxinano olusebenzayo oluphakathi kwemigca kubalulekile kwinkqubo yokuxuba i-coating engatshiyo, ngakumbi kwi-coating ezisetyenziswa emanzini ezingatshiyo ezisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zentsimbi. Esi sikhokelo silandelayo sigxile ekusetyenzisweni okusebenzayo ngexesha lesigaba sokuxuba imveliso.
Ukuseta Ukubeka Esweni Kwi-Inline Ngexesha Lesigaba Sokuxuba Imveliso
Faka iimitha zoxinano olungaphakathi—ezifana nee-vibrating tube densitometers, ii-ultrasonic sensors, okanye izixhobo ezisekwe kwiCoriolis—ngqo kumgca wokujikeleza okanye kwi-bypass loop, ezantsi kwetanki yokuxuba. Beka inkqubo yokulinganisa emva kokufakelwa kwe-emulsification ephezulu kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kongezwe okokugqibela ukuze kuthathwe amaxabiso oxinano olumeleyo njengoko izinto zixubene. I-sensor kufuneka ihambelane nemixube yokudibanisa engatshiyo yamanzi, i-alkaline, kunye ne-high-solids. Qinisekisa ukuba izindlu ze-sensor ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokuxhathisa amanzi kunye nokumelana nokuqhuma ukuze zihambelane nemigangatho yoshishino.
Qhagamshela imitha yoxinano kwinkqubo yolawulo yesityalo, uvumela uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo:
- Ukuba ukufundwa koxinano kudlula ngaphantsi kwethagethi, ulawulo lokulinganisa luya kwandisa ukongezwa kwezinto ezomileyo.
- Ukuba uxinano ludlula iinkcukacha ezichaziweyo, ukongezwa kwamanzi kuyaqaliswa, kugcinwa iipropati ezifanelekileyo zokugquma ezithintela umlilo.
Jonga iifestile ezineenkcukacha ezingqongqo (ezidla ngokuba yi-±0.01–0.02 g/cm³) ukuze ufumane uqinisekiso lomgangatho. Jonga uxinano rhoqo ukuze unciphise iingozi ezifana nokungalingani kokukhula kwesikhumba kunye nokuguquguquka kokusetyenziswa kwefilimu, okuchaphazela ukhuseleko lomlilo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokwambathisa engatshiyo kunye neemfuno zovavanyo.
Umzekelo:Ngexesha lokuxuba ii-emulsions ze-acrylic kunye nezizalisi ze-intumescent kwi-spray-on fireproofing formulations, ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kwe-inline density kuthintela ukubola kwaye kuqinisekisa ukulingana. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kwiingubo ezilungileyo ezimelana nomlilo kwizakhiwo kunye neendlela zokufaka ii-spray coating ezimelana nomlilo.
Ukulinganisa, Ukuqinisekisa, kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa
Cwangcisa iinkqubo zokulinganisa rhoqo zeemitha zoxinano olungaphakathi usebenzisa ulwelo oluqhelekileyo lokulinganisa oluhambelana noluhlu loxinano lwezinto ezijolisiweyo ezingatshiyo. Thembela kwiiprotokholi zokulinganisa ezilandelekayo ngaphambi kokuqala kwebhetshi yemveliso nasemva kokungenelela kolondolozo. Qinisekisa ukuchaneka kwesenzi ngokubhekisa ukufundwa okungaphakathi ngokuvavanya rhoqo ngesandla kunye novavanyo lwelebhu.
Ulondolozo kufuneka luquke:
- Iinkqubo zokucoca rhoqo ezihambelana nefomyula ezisekelwe emanzini (ukuhambelana kweCIP).
- Ukuhlolwa kokwakheka okanye ifilimu kwiindawo zesensor, nto leyo enokuphazamisa ukufundwa.
- Ukujonga izitywino zesensor kunye neendawo zokugcina izinto ukuze zingabonakali ukuba zigqwalile okanye ziyavuza na.
Enyanisweni, idatha yokulinganisa nokuqinisekisa ifakwa kumaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze kuthotyelwe imithetho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingubo ezisebenza kakuhle ezingatshiyo zihlangabezana nemigangatho yoshishino.
Ukusombulula iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kulawulo loxinano olukhethekileyo kwiingubo ezingatshiyo ezisekelwe emanzini
Sombulula iingxaki ezinokubakho ezichaphazela ukuchaneka komlinganiselo woxinano olungaphakathi kwiinkqubo zokugquma ezisekelwe emanzini ezingatshiyo:
Ukuvalelwa Komoya:Ukuxuba ngamandla kunokungenisa amaqamza omoya, kunciphisa uxinano olulinganisiweyo ngokungekho mthethweni. Iindlela zokuthintela ziquka uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo lwesantya sokuxuba kunye nemigibe yamaqamza phambi kwesensor.
Ukuguquguquka kobushushu:Utshintsho kubushushu bomxube lunokutshintsha ukufundwa koxinano. Sebenzisa iimpawu zokunciphisa ubushushu ezidityaniswe kwiseti yokulinganisa kwaye ubhale rhoqo ubushushu besampulu kunye nedatha yoxinano.
Ukungcola okanye ukungahambelani kwezinto:Izizalisi ezixineneyo zinokuthi zihlale, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubuninzi bungafani. Gcina amazinga okujikeleza kwegazi okwaneleyo kunye nokuxubana kwaye ubeke imitha yoxinano apho umxube ulungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo.
Ukungcola kweSensor:Iiarhente ezikhupha umoya kunye nezibopheleli zinokwenza iidiphozithi kwiisensa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulinganisweni okungalunganga. Sebenzisa imijikelo yokucoca rhoqo endaweni njengenxalenye yokugcinwa.
Kwiinkqubo zokuxuba ii-coating ezizenzekelayo ezingatshiyo, ukusombulula le micimbi iqhelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo loxinano olungaphakathi luxhasa ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza, umgangatho wesicelo, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho ye-coating engatshiyo yezakhiwo zentsimbi kunye ne-spray engatshiyo yezindlu.
Indlela yokusebenza eqinileyo yokubeka esweni uxinano ngaphakathi, efakelwe ngokufanelekileyo, elinganisiweyo, kwaye igcinwe, ixhasa ngokuthe ngqo iingenelo zokugquma ezisekelwe emanzini ezingatshiyo ezifunwayo kwimigangatho yokhuseleko lwezakhiwo zanamhlanje.
Iingenelo zoLawulo oluchanekileyo loBume kunye noKhuseleko kwiNdalo
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinano lwengubo echasene nomlilo esekwe emanzini lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezinokulinganiswa zokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko ekuvelisweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwengubo ethintela umlilo kwizakhiwo zentsimbi.
Ulawulo olufanelekileyo loxinano lunciphisa kakhulu inkunkuma yezinto kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuxuba i-coating engatshiyo. Uxinano olufanayo lukhuthaza ukwakheka kwefilimu rhoqo ngexesha lokuthintela umlilo, ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kunye nokunciphisa ukutshiza kakhulu. Umzekelo, uphando lobuchwephesha ngo-2024 lufumanise ukuba ukujonga uxinano okuqhubekayo kukhokelele ekunciphiseni kwe-12% kwinkunkuma iyonke ngexesha leeprojekthi ezinkulu zokugquma ezisekelwe emanzini. Kwizigaba zokuxuba ezilawulwayo, ukugcina ukunyamezelana koxinano oluncinci kunciphisa ii-off-spec batches nge-10-15%, kunciphisa izinto ezilahliweyo kwaye kwala iimveliso ezimbalwa ngenxa yokutsalwa okanye ukwahlukana kwesigaba.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphuculweyo akupheleli nje ekunyuseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kodwa kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-arhente zokuthintela umlilo ezisebenzayo, izibopheleli, kunye nezizalisi zihlala zisasazwa rhoqo. Olu zinzo luthintela isidingo sokulungiswa ngokutsha okanye ukulungiswa okugqithisileyo okuya kuvelisa inkunkuma kwaye konyuse iindleko zeprojekthi. Iimitha zoxinano ezikwimigca efana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter zivumela uhlengahlengiso lwexesha langempela, olujongana nemiba yokwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba zibangele ilahleko enkulu kwimveliso. Iingxelo zoshishino ziqinisekisa ukuba ezi teknoloji zinokunciphisa inkunkuma yenkqubo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8%, zibonisa iingenelo ezibonakalayo kuneendlela zemveli zokuthatha iisampulu zebhetshi.
Ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi luphucuka ngokuthe ngqo xa uxinano lwengubo engatshiyo lulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo. Uzinzo lwefomyula lunciphisa iinxalenye ezinobungozi, ukukhutshwa komoya okuguquguqukayo, kunye nokuhamba kwespray ngaphandle kwenjongo ngexesha lokufakwa kwespray engatshiyo. Uxinano olufanelekileyo lukwanciphisa ingozi yenkungu emoyeni kunye neengozi zokuvuza, okuvumela ukuthotyelwa ngcono kwimigangatho yengubo engatshiyo kwaye kunciphise umngcipheko wokutyibilika okanye ukuvezwa kokuphefumla kwiindawo ezivalekileyo. Abasebenzi baxela iimeko ezimbalwa zokuvaleka kwezixhobo kunye nokugcinwa okufunekayo, okufaka isandla kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo nezinokuqikelelwa ngakumbi zokusetyenziswa. Iifomyula zezinto ezilungiselelwe i-spray viscosity ekhuselekileyo—zonke zivela kulawulo loxinano olulinganisiweyo—zenza kube lula ukusebenzisa iifomyula ezilungileyo ezingatshiyo kwizakhiwo nakwiindlu ngaphandle kokudlula imida ekhuselekileyo yokuvezwa.
Iingenelo ezilungele indalo zokwambathisa okusekelwe emanzini ziphuculwa kakhulu xa ulawulo loxinano ludityaniswe kwinqanaba lokuvelisa ukuxubana kokwambathisa okungenakutsha. Itekhnoloji esekwe emanzini iphantsi ngokwendalo kwiikhompawundi ze-volatible organic (ii-VOC) xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ezisekelwe kwisinyibilikisi, kodwa kuphela ulawulo olufanelekileyo loxinano oluqinisekisa ukuba iinjongo zokusingqongileyo zenkunkuma encinci kunye nokukhutshwa komoya ziyahlangatyezwa rhoqo. Amanqanaba aphantsi okulahlwa kunye nokugubungela okungcono ngelitha nganye kuguqulela ekubeni sezantsi kwekhabhoni kunye namanzi kulo lonke uthotho lobonelelo. Ezi ziphumo zihambelana nemigaqo engqongqo yokusingqongileyo eyaziswa emva kowama-2023, iqinisa iprofayili yozinzo lwekwambathisa okungenakutsha okusebenzayo kwizakhiwo zentsimbi.
Iikhrayitheriya zokukhetha imveliso yokwaleka ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo
Ekuveliseni iingubo ezisebenza kakuhle nezisekelwe emanzini ezingatshiyo zezakhiwo zentsimbi, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye nokukhetha inkqubo zibalulekile. Ziimpawu eziphambili ezifana nokumelana nomlilo, ukukrazuka kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo, uzinzo lwexesha elide phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo, kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yendalo—zonke ezi kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho yovavanyo engqongqo efana ne-ASTM E119 kunye ne-ISO 834.
Izalathisi Zokusebenza Eziphambili
Ukumelana nomlilo kuseyeyona ndlela iphambili yokulinganisa, elinganiswa ngamandla okufakelwa kobushushu okulibazisa ukunyuka kobushushu kunye nokusilela kwesakhiwo phantsi kwemigangatho eqhelekileyo yokuvezwa komlilo. Iingubo ezingcono kakhulu ezingatshiyo zezakhiwo zenzelwe ukwenza i-intumescent char xa zichatshazelwe kubushushu obuphezulu, zicotha ukudluliselwa kobushushu kwaye zikhusela iziseko zentsimbi ixesha elide, njengoko kuqinisekisiwe kwiindawo zovavanyo ezilawulwayo ngokwemigaqo ye-ASTM E119 kunye ne-ISO 834.
Ukurhawuzelelwa kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo kubalulekile kwiinkqubo zokuthintela umlilo ezitshizwayo, ekufuneka zimelane nokuguguleka koomatshini ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kunye nobomi benkonzo yokwakha. Iingubo ezifikelela ekuqineni okuphezulu zihlala ziquka iinethiwekhi zepolymer eziphambili okanye izizalisi ezomeleza ukuqina ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukumelana nomlilo.
Ukuzinza ixesha elide, ingakumbi phantsi kweemeko ezimanzi okanye ezifumileyo, kubalulekile. Iingubo ezisetyenziswa emanzini ezingatshiyo zidla ngokuphelelwa ngamandla emva kokuvezwa kukufuma, ziphazamiseke okanye ziphume kwizithako ezibalulekileyo ezingatshiyo. Inkqubela phambili yakutshanje ibandakanya ukudibanisa ii-monomers ze-hydrophobic (ezifana ne-UDMA) kunye nokwandisa uxinano lwe-crosslink—ngamanye amaxesha nge-UV-curing—ukunciphisa ukufunxwa kwamanzi. Olu tshintsho lunceda iingubo ukuba zigcine ukusebenza okuchasene nomlilo kwaye ziphumelele iimvavanyo zokwaluphala ezikhawulezileyo kunye nokuvezwa kobushushu kunye nokufuma okudibeneyo, okulinganisa ngcono iindawo zokwakha zehlabathi lokwenyani.
Impembelelo ephantsi kokusingqongileyo ikhokelela ekutshintsheleni kwiifomyula ezisekelwe emanzini, eziqhutywa yimigaqo yeekhompawundi ze-organic eziguquguqukayo (ii-VOC). Iingubo ezingatshiyo ezisekelwe emanzini zinceda iindawo zeprojekthi, impilo yoluntu, kunye nokuzinza ngokubanzi ngokuvelisa ukukhutshwa okuncinci okuyingozi ngexesha lokuxuba kunye nokufakwa.
Izinto Eziqwalaselwayo Kwizithako Nezixhobo Zokubeka Iliso Kwinkqubo Ehambelanayo
Ukukhethwa kwezithako zepeyinti ezisebenza kakuhle nezimelana nomlilo ezisekelwe emanzini kulinganisela ukhuseleko lomlilo, ukuqina kokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuqhubekeka kokusebenza. Izinto ezifana ne-graphite enokukhuliswa, izinto ezithintela umlilo eziqulethe i-phosphorus, kunye nee-resin ezibotshelelwe yi-polysiloxane kufuneka zisasazwe ngokulinganayo kwaye zilinganiswe ngomgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo. Inqanaba lokuxuba imveliso yepeyinti engatshiyo lichaphazela ukungaguquguquki kwebhetshi, ngakumbi njengoko utshintsho lwe-viscosity kunye nobuninzi lunokuchaphazela iimpawu zokugqibela zokuxhathisa umlilo.
Ukulinganisa nokulawula uxinano lwe-coating olumelana nomlilo ngaphakathi kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekileyo. Iimitha zoxinano oluphakathi, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, zibonelela ngokubekwa esweni kwangethuba koxinano lwe-coating kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuxuba kunye neyokusetyenziswa. Ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo, zibonelela ngedatha ekhawulezileyo yokulungiswa kwenkqubo ukugcina ukufana kunye nokunamathela kwiinkcukacha. Umzekelo, ekulinganisweni koxinano lwe-coating olumelana nomlilo, nokuba kuphambuka okuncinci kubonisa ukungalingani okunokwenzeka ekulayisheni okubambezelayo komlilo okanye ekusasazekeni kwe-binder.
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kukwabandakanya ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kweekhemikhali ezisekelwe emanzini kwiindawo ezinobungozi zezityalo. Iimitha ze-viscosity kunye ne-density zanamhlanje, ingakumbi ezo zenzelwe ukusebenza zingaqhumi, ziqinisekisa ulawulo lomgangatho ngexesha lenkqubo yokufaka i-spray coating engatshiyo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwazo kunciphisa iibhetshi ezingafunwayo kwaye kuphucula ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-coating engatshiyo kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo.
Ukubeka iliso kwinkqubo ngempumelelo kwezi zigaba akuxhasi nje kuphela imveliso yeprimiyamu ehambelanayo kodwa kukwavumela uxwebhu lwedatha oluqinileyo oluxhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nomshuwalense kuyo yonke ijikelezo lobomi bengubo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ziziphi iingenelo eziphambili zokusebenzisa i-coating esekwe emanzini engatshiyo kwizakhiwo zentsimbi?
Iingubo ezimelana nomlilo ezisekelwe emanzini zikhusela intsimbi ngomqobo ongaphakathi okhula kwaye ugqume xa ushushu. Ezi ngubo zibonelela ngokhuseleko olukhulu lomlilo, oluhlala luhlangabezana okanye lugqitha imigangatho yoshishino ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzu eli-120 kwintsimbi yesakhiwo, ngokutsho kophando lwakutshanje kwisayensi yezinto kunye neejenali zokhuseleko lomlilo. Zisebenzisa amanzi njengesixhobo sazo esiphambili, ezi ngubo zinciphisa iingozi zokusingqongileyo ngokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwe-volatious organic compound (VOC) - rhoqo ngaphantsi kwe-50 g/L, ngaphantsi kakhulu kwe-250 g/L eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezisekwe kwi-solvent. Oku kunciphisa kuphucula umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kwaye kuxhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo evela kwi-US EPA kunye ne-European REACH. Iikhemikhali ezinobungozi ezimbalwa kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo zenza ukuba zifaneleke ngaphakathi nangaphandle, zinegalelo kwiziqinisekiso zesakhiwo eziluhlaza njenge-LEED. Izifundo zamatyala kwizakhiwo zorhwebo zibonisa ukuba ezi ngubo zinciphisa ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi kwiikhemikhali ezinobungozi kunye nee-VOC, ngelixa zigcina ukusebenza okuqinileyo kokukhusela umlilo.
Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kuyiphucula njani i-spray xa kusetyenziswa ukuthintela umlilo?
Ukulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi kubonelela ngononophelo lwangempela lokuhambelana komxube wengubo. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuba i-coating esekwe emanzini engatshiyo igcina uxinano olufanayo njengoko isasazwa kwaye isetyenziswa kwiindawo zentsimbi. Uxinano oluhambelanayo luxhasa ukugqunywa ngokulinganayo kwe-spray, ukunamathela okufanelekileyo, kunye nesenzo esizinzileyo sokungena xa kuchaphazeleka emlilweni. Oku kunciphisa ukwenzeka kwamabala abuthathaka kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba i-coating esetyenzisiweyo iyahlangabezana neemfuno zokumelana nomlilo. Abavelisi abasebenzisa iimitha zoxinano oluphakathi, njengalezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, banokwenza uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxuba kunye nokutshiza ukuze baphephe ukuphinda basebenzise imali eninzi okanye ukuthintela umlilo ukuba ungatshatyalaliswa.
Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela ngexesha lesigaba sokuxuba imveliso yokwaleka okungenakutsha okusekelwe emanzini?
Ukuxuba imveliso yeengubo ezimelana nomlilo ezisekelwe emanzini kuzisa imingeni emininzi. Ukuxuba okungaphelelanga kunokukhokelela ekutshintsheni koxinano kunye nokusasazeka okungalinganiyo kwezizalisi ezibalulekileyo. Oku kungangqinelani kunokubonakala njenge-viscosity eguquguqukayo, okubangela ukuba kubekho imicu okanye izithuba ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-spray-on. Iindawo ezinezalisi ezincinci kakhulu zinokulahlekelwa kukumelana nomlilo; iindawo ezixineneyo kakhulu zinokubeka emngciphekweni ukunamathela, zenze iintanda, okanye zinciphise ukuqina. Ngaphandle kokubeka esweni nokulawula ngokufanelekileyo, ezo ziphene ziyawuphazamisa ukuthobela imigangatho yengubo engatshiyo kwaye zibeke emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo.
Kutheni kubalulekile ukulinganisa uxinano lweengubo ezimelana nomlilo ukuze kulawulwe umgangatho?
Ukulinganisa uxinano lwengubo olumelana nomlilo sisiseko solawulo lomgangatho kwimveliso. Ukufundwa koxinano oluchanekileyo kunceda ukugcina iipropati ezicwangcisiweyo zokwenza uphawu ezibonelela ngokhuseleko lomlilo. Ukuba uxinano ludlula iinkcukacha, iingubo zinokuba nzima kakhulu, zibeke emngciphekweni wokuqhekeka okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingeyomfuneko; ziphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ukumelana nomlilo kunokuncipha. Ukulinganisa okungaphakathi kwenza ukuba izinto zihambelane kulo lonke imveliso, kuphuculwe ukuthembeka, kuthotyelwe imigaqo yokwakha, ukusebenza, kunye nokhuseleko ngokubanzi. Izibonelelo ezisebenzisa ukujonga uxinano ngexesha langempela zibika ukusilela komgangatho okuncinci kunye neziphumo zokukhusela umlilo ezihambelanayo.
Zeziphi izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokulinganisa uxinano olungaphakathi kwimveliso yokwaleka engatshiyo?
Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokulinganisa uxinano olungaphakathi ziquka ii-densitometers, ii-ultrasonic sensors, kunye neenkqubo zokuthatha iisampulu ngokuzenzekelayo. Izixhobo ezifana nezo zivela eLonnmeter zibonelela ngempendulo eqhubekayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxuba i-coating, nto leyo evumela iingcali ukuba zilungise ngokukhawuleza ukuphambuka. Ii-ultrasonic sensors zilinganisa uxinano ngokufumanisa utshintsho kwisantya sesandi njengoko umxube udlula kwi-sensor. Iinkqubo zokuthatha iisampulu ngokuzenzekelayo zikhupha iisampulu zamaxesha athile, ziqinisekisa ulawulo lwenkqubo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngesandla. Ezi teknoloji zinceda abavelisi ukuba bagcine imigangatho engqongqo yoxinano lwe-coating olusekelwe emanzini, oluchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kweendlela zokufaka i-spray coating engatshiyo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso iyonke.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-11-2025
