Ukubeka esweni ukuxinana kwe-ore slurry kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inkqubo yokuqubha kwe-tungsten-molybdenum ores. Inkqubo yokuqubha ixhomekeke ekumisweni kwamasuntswana e-ore amancinci emanzini, kwaye umlinganiselo ochanekileyo—ukuxinana kwe-slurry—uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwenkqubo, umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Indima kwi-Tungsten-Molybdenum Ore Flotation esebenzayo
Iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuflotha i-tungsten-molybdenum ore zixhomekeke ekugcineni uludaka ngaphakathi kweendawo ezifanelekileyo zoxinzelelo. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu lunyusa i-viscosity kwaye luchaphazela kakubi ukusebenzisana kwamaqamza-amasuntswana okubalulekileyo ekuhlukaniseni izimbiwa, ngelixa uxinzelelo oluphantsi kakhulu lunokubangela ukubuyiselwa okungonelanga kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-reagent okwandisiweyo. Iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela nezichanekileyo, ezifana nezo zisebenzisai-ultrasoundizinzwa, ukubonelela ngempendulo eqhubekayo, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuba balungise iiparameter zenkqubo ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuxhasa zombini ukubuyiswa okukhulu kweeminerali ezixabisekileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweenkqubo ezisezantsi ezifana nokucocwa kwamanzi kunye nokunyibilikiswa.
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo lwe-slurry luchaphazela izikhokelo zokulinganisa i-molybdenum flotation process reagents, ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhetha ukwahlukana kunye nokuzinza kwe-froth. Umzekelo, iimitha zoxinano lwe-intanethi ze-Lonnmeter-brand online zisetyenziswa kwizityalo ezininzi ze-flotation ukuze kufumaneke impendulo ehambelanayo ngexesha langempela, zixhasa impendulo ekhawulezileyo kutshintsho lokusebenza kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-ore.
I-Tungsten-Molybdenum Ore Flotation
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Impembelelo kwiNkqubo yokuLungiselela ukuQokelelwa kweFlotation kunye neMisebenzi eNgaphantsi
Ukugcina uxinano olufanelekileyo lwe-slurry kubalulekile kwiindlela zokuphucula inkqubo ye-flotation. Uxinano oluhlala luhleli lwe-slurry luzinzisa igwebu le-flotation, luphucula ukubuyiswa kwezimbiwa, kwaye luvumela ukulungiswa okuchanekileyo kwedosi ye-reagent yokucubungula izimbiwa. Oku, kunciphisa ilahleko kwiimisilakwaye yonyusa amanqanaba okugxila—izalathisi eziphambili zokusebenza kakuhle kwe-flotation.
Ngaphezu koko, uxinaniso oluzinzileyo lwe-slurry lwenza kube lula uyilo lweenkqubo zemibhobho ezithwala i-concentrate kunye nokukhethwa kwezisombululo zothutho olusebenzayo lwe-concentrate. Umzekelo, imibhobho ethwala i-ore slurry yenzelwe ngokusekelwe kuxinaniso olulindelekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvaleka kunye nokuguga okugqithisileyo. Ukulungiswa kwe-outlet yetanki ye-buffer nako kunokwenzeka xa uxinaniso lwe-inlet lujongwa kwaye lulawulwa ngokuthembekileyo, kunciphisa iziphumo zokusasazeka kwe-surge eziphazamisa ibhalansi yokuhamba kwezityalo.
Phantsi, isebenza kakuhlei-ore slurryIindlela zokucoca zixhomekeke kuxinaniso lokutya oluqikelelweyo. Ukuguquguquka kwenza kube nzima ukusebenza kwesihluzo, okuchaphazela ukuphuma kwamanzi, ukufuma kwekhekhe, kunye nemveliso yezityalo iyonke. Ukunamathela kwiindlela ezilungileyo zokucoca i-ore slurry kulula ngokulawula uxinaniso oluqinileyo oluphezulu.
Ukujongana neZidanga eziphezulu zeMineralization kunye neeComplex Compositions
Ii-ore ze-tungsten-molybdenum zihlala zibonakaliswa yi-mineralization ephezulu kunye ne-complex mineralogy-kuquka ii-clays, i-silicates, kunye ne-sulfides. I-mineralization ephezulu izisa amaqhekeza aphezulu e-solids, okwandisa imingeni ekuthuthweni kwe-slurry kunye nokusebenza kwe-flotation. Ubukho be-kaolinite kunye neeminerali zodongwe ezintle ngokukodwa buphakamisa i-slurry viscosity, buthintela ukuxubana, bunciphisa ukukhetha kwe-flotation, kwaye bufuna ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-flotation reagent dosing.
Ngenxa yokwahluka, iinkqubo zokubeka esweni kufuneka ziqwalasele utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwiimpawu ze-slurry. Ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kuyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwee-ore ezinee-mineral assemblages ezahlukeneyo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kobukhulu bee-particle, uhlobo lweeminerali, kunye noxinzelelo kuthetha ukuba ukujonga uxinzelelo lwe-slurry ngexesha langempela akusiyo nje isixhobo sokulawula umgangatho kodwa yimfuneko yokusebenza yokuphucula iiparameters ze-mechanical, ezifana nesantya se-rotor kunye nexesha lokuhlala kweseli, kunye nokukhokela ukungenelela kweekhemikhali okufana nokulinganisa ii-dispersants (umz., i-sodium silicate) ukulwa ne-viscosity spikes.
Ezi ngxaki ziqinisa indima ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo eziphambili zexesha langempela ekulondolozeni ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu kunye nemveliso esebenzayo kuzo zonke izigaba zesekethe ye-tungsten-molybdenum ore flotation.
Iziseko zeTungsten-Molybdenum Flotation
Inkqubo yokuqubha kweMolybdenum igxile ekubuyiselweni okukhethiweyo kwe-molybdenite (MoS₂) kwiimatrices ze-ore ezintsonkothileyo ezifana ne-copper-molybdenum sulfides. Kwiindlela zokuqubha kwe-molybdenum froth, ukwahlula kufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa iipropati zomphezulu ochaseneyo. Izinto eziqokelelwayo ezifana ne-thionocarbamates, i-butyl xanthate, kunye ne-Reaflot zongezwa ukwenza i-molybdenite ingabi namanzi, nto leyo evumela ukuba inamathele kwiibhamuza zomoya ezinyukayo. Ii-frothers (ezifana ne-sodium dodecyl sulfate) ziqinisekisa ukwakheka kweebhamuza ezifanelekileyo kunye nozinzo lwebhamuza, ngelixa izinto ezidambisa uxinzelelo kunye nezilungisi zicinezela iiminerali ezingafunekiyo kwaye zonyusa ukukhetha kwenkqubo.
Ukuqubha okukhethiweyo kubandakanya iinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo. Okokuqala, kuveliswa i-copper-molybdenum bulk concentrates, emva koko i-molybdenum flotation iphucula i-concentrate ngokuqubha i-molybdenite kude ne-chalcopyrite. Amanyathelo e-hydrometallurgical, njenge-atmospheric nitric acid leaching, ngamanye amaxesha adityaniswe emva kokuqubha ukuze kukhutshwe i-molybdenum ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo evelisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zorhwebo.
Indlela eziziphatha ngayo iiminerali ze-molybdenite kunye ne-tungsten xa zibhabha ilawulwa yikhemistri yazo yomphezulu kunye nokuphendula kwiindlela ze-reagent. I-Molybdenite inesakhiwo sendalo esivumela i-intrinsic hydrophobicity, ephuculwa ngakumbi yi-collector adsorption. Iiminerali ze-Tungsten—scheelite (CaWO₄) kunye ne-wolframite ((Fe,Mn)WO₄)—zibonisa i-surface hydrophobicity encinci, zihlala zifuna ii-activation reagents ukuphucula ukudada. Ii-fatty acids (oleic acid, sodium oleate) zihlala zizezona ziqokeleli ziphambili ze-scheelite, kodwa ukukhetha kuyachatshazelwa ngenxa yesakhiwo sekristale esifanayo neeminerali ze-gangue ezifana ne-calcite kunye ne-fluorite. I-Metal ion activators (ezifana ne-sodium silicate kunye ne-sodium sulfide) zisetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-mineral surface charge, zikhuthaza i-collector adsorption. I-Depressants, kuquka ii-inorganic compounds (sodium silicate, sodium carbonate) kunye nee-polymers (carboxymethyl cellulose), zifezekisa ukucinezelwa okukhethwayo kwee-gangues ezikhuphisanayo.
Ukubuyiselwa kwamasuntswana amancinci kungumceli mngeni obalulekileyo kwi-tungsten-molybdenum ore flotation. Amasuntswana angaphantsi kwe-20 μm abonisa amathuba aphantsi okungqubana nokunamathela kumaqamza, efumana ukuqhekeka ngokukhawuleza kumagwebu avuthayo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela zombini iiminerali ze-molybdenite kunye ne-tungsten kwehla ngokukhawuleza kumaqhezu athambileyo. Ukujongana nale ngxaki, amaqhinga okuphucula inkqubo agxila kwiiparameter zokusebenza-ezifana nokwenza ngcono idosi ye-reagent kwi-flotation, ukugcina uxinano olufanelekileyo lwe-pulp, kunye nokucoca ukuhamba komoya kunye namazinga okushukuma. Izinto ezintsha ze-reagent ezifana ne-combined collector emulsions zivelisa ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kwe-flotation kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ore.
Ubunzima bokwahlukana buvela kukufana phakathi kweeminerali ze-tungsten kunye nezigaba ze-gangue. I-Scheelite kunye ne-calcite, okanye i-fluorite, zabelana ngezakhiwo zekristale ezifanayo kunye neempawu zomphezulu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukutyibilika okukhethayo. Iindlela ezilungileyo zokulungisa idosi ye-reagent yokucubungula izimbiwa ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwee-depressants ezintsha kunye nee-reagents ze-dual-function ukuze kuphuculwe ukhetho. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ii-polymeric depressants (umz., i-carboxymethyl cellulose) ziphucula ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo ngelixa zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali.
Ngamafutshane, iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuqubha i-tungsten-molybdenum ore zifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwi-reagent chemistry, uxinano lwe-pulp, kunye noyilo lomatshini. Ukungafani kwiipropati zomphezulu wezimbiwa, ukusebenzisana kwabaqokeleli kunye nabaxinzeleli, kunye nemingeni ye-fine particles zenza isiseko sokwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo. Ukulungiswa ngononophelo kwezikhokelo zokulinganisa i-flotation reagent, ukuhlanganiswa kweendlela zokucoca i-ore slurry eqinileyo, kunye nokuqwalasela uyilo lwepayipi yokuhambisa i-concentrate kubalulekile ekugcineni i-mineralization ephezulu kunye nokujongana nemingeni ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-flotation.
Iinguqu zoLawulo lweNkqubo ezichaphazela uQoqosho
Impembelelo yoLungiso lweReagent Dosage kwi-Flotation Performance kunye noKhetho lweMineral
Inkqubo yokuqubha kwe-molybdenum kunye neendlela zokuqubha kwe-tungsten-molybdenum ore zixhomekeke kuhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo lwedosi ye-reagent ukuze kufezekiswe ukukhetha okujoliswe kuko kunye namazinga okubuyisela. Abaqokeleli abaqhelekileyo, njengee-xanthates ze-molybdenum kunye nee-fatty acid compounds ze-tungsten minerals, zifuna ukulungiswa ngononophelo. Abaqokeleli abagqithisileyo banciphisa ukukhetha—okuvumela ii-gangue minerals ezingafunekiyo ukuba ziqubhe kwaye zingcolise i-concentrate. Izinto ezinciphisa idosi, ezifana ne-sodium sulfide okanye i-sodium cyanide, ziyasilela ukucinezela i-copper kunye nezinye iiminerali eziphazamisayo, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhetha kwe-molybdenum kwiisekethe zokwahlulwa kwe-copper-molybdenum. Ii-chelating agents ezifana ne-hydroxamic acids ziyasetyenziswa ngakumbi ekukhetheni okucwangcisiweyo kakuhle, ngakumbi kwi-scheelite flotation, kodwa iindleko zazo kunye nobunzima bokusebenza zifuna ulawulo oluqinileyo lwedosi. Abaqokeleli be-metal-organic complex babonakalise ukuphucula ukusebenza apho ii-reagents zesiqhelo zingaphumeleli, ngakumbi kwii-ores ezine-complex okanye i-calcium-rich gangue matrices. Iiprotokholi zedosi ezihambelanayo—ezinxulunyaniswa nokubeka esweni ukutya okutyibilikayo ngexesha langempela—zenza kube lula ukulungelelanisa ngokukhawuleza ukwahluka kwe-ore, ukuphucula ukubuyiswa kwezimbiwa kunye nokubeka umgangatho wokugxila kwibhetshi nganye. Izifundo zibonisa uphuculo olubonakalayo kwisivuno xa izikhokelo zokulinganisa i-reagent zilawulwa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokuphendula kutshintsho lokutya kunye notshintsho lwekhemikhali yamanzi kwinkqubo. Amanqanaba okuhamba ngokulandelelana, kunye namaqhinga okuphucula idosi kunye ne-pH echanekileyo kunye nokukhetha i-frother, rhoqo kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesekethe iyonke.
Isiphumo seDigri ephezulu yoLwandiso lweMinerali kwiipropati zeSlurry, ukuzinza kweFroth, kunye nokuBuyiselwa kweFlotation
Izinga eliphezulu lemineralization libhekisa kwi-slurry enomxholo oqinileyo ophezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwe-particle encinci. Oku kwandisa kakhulu i-viscosity, kutshintsha uphawu lwe-rheological lwe-slurry. Ukwanda kwe-viscosity kukhuthaza ukubuyiselwa kwesinyithi ngokugcina amasuntswana amancinci e-mineral kwi-suspension, kodwa kukwanyusa umngcipheko wokufakwa kwe-gangue, kuphazamisa ubumsulwa be-concentrate. Uzinzo lwe-froth ngumsebenzi othe ngqo we-slurry rheology—i-slurry e-viscous kakhulu ikhuthaza i-froths eqhubekayo, nangona ihlala ilahlekelwa kukukhetha, njengoko iiminerali ezingaphezulu ezingezizo ezijoliswe kuzo zithwalwa kumaleko we-froth. Iiminerali ezifana ne-kaolinite okanye ezinye iinxalenye zodongwe zonyusa i-viscosity ngokwenza izakhiwo ezincinci, ezidibeneyo, okwenza i-flotation ingasebenzi kakuhle. Izinto ezisasaza njenge-sodium hexametaphosphate kunye ne-sodium silicate zihlala ziziswa ukunciphisa i-viscosity, ukuphucula ukusasazeka, kunye nokubuyisela ibhalansi phakathi kokubuyiselwa kwezimbiwa ezikhethiweyo kunye nomgangatho we-froth. Ulawulo lwe-rheological lubalulekile ekuphuhlisweni kwe-outlet yetanki ye-buffer kunye noyilo lwepayipi yokuhambisa i-concentrate, ukuqinisekisa izisombululo zokuthutha ezixineneyo ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko eziphezulu ze-mineralization. Ukugcina iimpawu zokuhamba kodaka olufanelekileyo kuyimfuneko yokugcina amazinga okudada, ukunceda ekuzinzeni kwenkqubo kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yamandla. Uhlalutyo lwedatha yokuhluzwa kwevaccum kunye ne-thickener luxhasa ngakumbi ukulawula uxinano kunye nokufuma ngaphakathi kwemigangatho efanelekileyo yokuphathwa kwe-downstream.
Iziphumo zoMgangatho wokuHluza iOre Slurry kwiConcentrate Purity kunye noLawulo
Umgangatho wokuhluza we-ore slurry yinto ebalulekileyo ebangela ubunyulu be-concentrate kwi-tungsten-molybdenum flotation. Umgangatho ophantsi womswakama emva kokuhluza unciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi, ukuphakamisa ngokuthe ngqo ubunyulu be-concentrate ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-pelletizing okanye ze-smelting. I-pH ye-slurry efanelekileyo—efunyenwe ikufutshane ne-6.8 kwiinkqubo ezityebileyo kwi-iron kodwa imigaqo efanayo esetyenziswa kwi-tungsten-molybdenum ores—inciphisa umswakama wekhekhe kwaye iphucula iimpawu zokuphatha. Izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana noxinzelelo lokucoca, ixesha lokujikeleza, kunye nepesenti ye-feed solids zilungiswa ngokucwangcisiweyo kusetyenziswa iindlela ezilungileyo zokucoca i-ore slurry. Inkqubela phambili ekulinganisweni komswakama omncinci kunye nohlalutyo lwesakhiwo (i-void fraction, i-cake density) isetyenziselwa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lomgangatho, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wamanzi aseleyo aphazamisane nokucutshungulwa okulandelayo kwe-concentrate. Ukuhluza okubi kuphakamisa iindleko zothutho, kwandisa iingozi zokusingqongileyo ngenxa yolawulo lwamanzi, kwaye kunokuphazamisa ukungazinzi kwemibhobho ye-concentrate okanye ukusebenza kwetanki ye-buffer. Ukuhluzwa kwe-slurry okusebenzayo akuqinisekisi nje kuphela ubunyulu bemveliso obuthembekileyo, kodwa kuxhasa nomthamo wokuphuma kwamanzi, kuphucula ukubuyiswa kwamanzi, kwaye kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza okunxulunyaniswa neekhekhe zokucoca ezingazinzanga.
Imizamo yokuphucula ulawulo lwenkqubo yokuqubha ibandakanya ukulungiswa kwedosi ye-reagent yokucubungula izimbiwa, uyilo lwepayipi yokuhambisa ingqokelela, kunye nokwenza ngcono i-outlet yetanki ye-buffer. Ukudibanisa ukujonga okuphambili—njengeenkqubo ze-sensor zeLonnmeter—kuvumela ulawulo oluhambelanayo lwexesha langempela, ukuqinisekisa ukugxila kunye nobunyulu obuhambelanayo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuqubha kunye nokuphathwa.
Amanqaku Aphambili Okujonga Uxinzelelo Lwe-Slurry
Ukubeka esweni ngempumelelo ukuxinana kwe-ore slurry kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inkqubo yokuqubha kwe-tungsten-molybdenum. Ulawulo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo—ukusuka kwiipayipi ezithwala i-concentrate ukuya kwindawo yokuphuma kwetanki ye-buffer kunye neeyunithi zokucoca—luqinisekisa uzinzo lwenkqubo, ukulinganisa ngokufanelekileyo i-reagent, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezimbiwa okuphezulu. Apha ngezantsi kukho iindawo ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kunye namaqhinga azo angcono.
Imisebenzi yeMibhobho yoThutho oluQokelelweyo
Uzinzo lokuthuthwa kodaka kwiipayipi ezixineneyo lubalulekile ukuze kuqhutyekwe kusetyenzwa rhoqo. Ukuguquguquka kodaka oluxineneyo kunokubangela ukuvaleka kweepayipi, ukuguguleka okugqithisileyo, okanye ukupompa okungasebenzi kakuhle. Ukujongana noku, izityalo zanamhlanje zokucubungula zisebenzisa ukujonga uxinano lwedaka olungaphakathi—ngokukodwa zisebenzisa izinzwa zeLonnmeter. Ezi zilinganiso zoxinano lwexesha langempela zivumela abaqhubi ukuba:
- Lungisa isantya sepompo kunye namazinga okuhamba kwepayipi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze ugcine iipesenti zezinto eziqinileyo ekujoliswe kuzo.
- Qaphela ngokukhawuleza ukuphambuka okunokubonisa ukuzinza, ukugqunywa, okanye ukufudumala kakhulu ngaphakathi kombhobho.
- Xhasa ukusasazwa kwe-reagent efanelekileyo ngokuqhagamshela idatha yoxinano kwiinkqubo zokulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ukuthuthwa kwe-concentrate ezinzileyo ngemibhobho ejongiweyo kakuhle kubalulekile ekuphathweni kakuhle kwe-concentrate kwaye kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwisekethe ebanzi ye-flotation, ekugqibeleni kunyusa amazinga okubuyiselwa kwe-tungsten kunye ne-molybdenum.
Ukubeka iliso kunye nohlengahlengiso kwi-Buffer Tank Outlet
Iitanki ze-buffer zisebenza njengezigaba ezibalulekileyo zokulinganisa, zilungisa ukuguquguquka kokutya kwaye zidala ukuhanjiswa kodaka rhoqo kwenkqubo yokuqubha kwe-molybdenum. Amanyathelo olawulo aphambili kwindawo yokukhupha itanki ye-buffer aquka:
- Ukubeka esweni rhoqo uxinano lwe-slurry kunye noxinano (kwakhona, rhoqo ngokusebenzisa ii-sensors ze-Lonnmeter).
- Ukulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kweevalvu zokukhupha okanye iimpompo ngokusekelwe kufundo lwexesha langempela ukugcina uxinano oluzinzileyo lokutya.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezivuselelayo ezisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu, ukuqinisekisa ukumiswa okufanayo kwezinto eziqinileyo ukuthintela ukuqhekeka okanye ukunyuka koxinzelelo okungalindelekanga.
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwetanki ye-buffer luvumela ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezikhokelo zokulinganisa i-flotation reagent. Ngokudibanisa iziphumo zesensor kunye nee-loops zolawulo oluguquguqukayo, abaqhubi bathintela zombini i-dosing ephantsi kunye ne-overdose—iimeko ezinokunciphisa ukukhetha okanye ukubuyiselwa kwindlela ye-tungsten-molybdenum ore flotation.
Umzekelo, izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo impendulo phakathi kwee-sensors ze-buffer tank kunye neeyunithi zokulinganisa i-reagent kukhokelela ekuphuculeni uzinzo lwe-flotation kunye nokulingana kwenqanaba lokugxila, okunciphisa ukungenelela ngesandla kunye neempazamo.
Ukuhlanganiswa koVavanyo lweMeko yokuHlunga
Emva kokudada, iinkqubo zokucoca kufuneka zidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo kwiinkqubo zokujonga uxinano lwe-slurry. Ukucoca okusebenzayo kumisela inqanaba lokugqibela lokufuma kwe-concentrate kunye ne-mineralization, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukucutshungulwa kwe-downstream kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Iindlela ezilungileyo zokucoca i-ore slurry ziquka:
- Ukulandelela ngexesha langempela kwe-feed kunye noxinano lwe-filtrate ngezixhobo ezikwi-inline.
- Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lokusebenza kakuhle kokuhluza ukuze kuqaliswe isenzo sokulungisa (umz., ukulungisa ubude bomjikelo we-vacuum okanye wesihluzo).
- Ukudibanisa iinkqubo zokulawula ukuhluza nokubeka esweni ukutyibilika kwamanzi phezulu, okuvumela uhlengahlengiso oluqikelelweyo lokusingatha ukwahluka kweemeko zokutya.
Uvavanyo oludibeneyo lunceda ukujongana nemingeni ephezulu yezinga lokunyibilika kweminerali ekujikelezeni, ukuphucula ukucocwa kwamanzi ngelixa kugcinwa umgangatho womxube. Iindlela eziphambili—ezifana nokukhupha i-microbubble flotation—zibonisa ukuba ukugcina uxinano lwe-target slurry kuphucula ukwakheka kwe-hydrophobic complex, okubangela ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu kwe-molybdenum kunye nokulahleka okuncinci kwe-tungsten.
Umzekelo woMsebenzi
- I-ore slurry iphuma kwiiseli ze-flotation ize ingene kwiitanki ze-buffer.
- Izinzwa zeLonnmeter zihlala zijonga uxinano lwe-slurry kwindawo yokuphuma kwetanki ye-buffer.
- Ukulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokushukuma kusabela ngexesha langempela ukugcina uxinano oluzinzileyo lwezinto eziqinileyo.
- I-slurry ezinzileyo iqhubeka ngombhobho woxinzelelo, kunye nedatha yoxinano lwexesha langempela evumela uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo.
- Kwinqanaba lokucoca, ukujonga ngaphakathi kuxhasa ukuchongwa kwangoko kokuphambuka kwenkqubo, ukuqinisekisa ukususwa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngokufaka ulwalathiso olupheleleyo kwezi ngongoma ziphambili, izityalo zinciphisa ngokucwangcisiweyo ukwahluka kwenkqubo, ziphucula amaqhinga okwenza ngcono inkqubo yokudada, kwaye ziqinisekise umgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo kuyo yonke isekethe yokudada ye-tungsten-molybdenum.
Izixhobo zeNkqubo yokuFlotha kweMolybdenum
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Iindlela kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ukugxila ngokuchanekileyo
Ukubeka esweni ngokuchanekileyo ukuxinana kwe-ore slurry kwi-tungsten-molybdenum flotation yintsika yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-flotation kunye namazinga okubuyisela. Ukukhethwa kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, iindlela zokulungiselela iisampulu, kunye namaqhinga okudibanisa zibalulekile kulawulo lwenkqubo oluthembekileyo.
Iinketho zeZixhobo zoMbane kunye nezeSensor ezikwi-Intanethi
Iiteknoloji ezahlukeneyo zibonelela ngokulinganisa ngexesha langempela uxinaniso lwe-tungsten-molybdenum ore slurry:
Iimitha zeCorioliszibonelela ngemilinganiselo ethe ngqo nechanekileyo yokuhamba kobunzima kunye noxinano lwe-slurry. Njengoko i-slurry idlula kwiityhubhu zazo ezingcangcazelayo, utshintsho lwesigaba luguqulelwa kwidatha yoxinano lwexesha langempela. Ezi mitha ziqinile ngokuchasene notshintsho kubushushu kunye nomthwalo wamasuntswana, zibalulekile kwiimatrices eziguquguqukayo zeenkqubo ze-molybdenum flotation. Inzuzo ephambili kukuchaneka kwazo, nokuba zikwizinga eliphezulu leemineralization, kubalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi ye-flotation ezinzileyo kunye nokulungisa idosi ye-reagent ngokuchanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zazo zokufaka kunye nokugcina zinokuba phezulu kunezinye iindlela.
Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonicukubonelela ngokubekwa esweni okuqinileyo, okungangenisi mdla ngokulinganisa ixesha elithathwayo ngamaza e-ultrasound ukuba adlule kwi-slurry, uqikelela ukuhamba komthamo kunye noxinano. Ezi zibaluleke kakhulu apho ukuvaleka kunye nokukrazuka kuyinkxalabo yenkqubo okanye apho ixesha lokungasebenzi rhoqo lokugcinwa lingamkelekanga. Nangona kungachanekanga kangako ekuhambeni kobunzima njengeemitha zeCoriolis, izinzwa ze-ultrasonic zinokufaneleka xa impendulo ekhawulezileyo kunye nokugcinwa okuphantsi kujongwa kuqala.
ILonnmeterIzinzwa zoXinzelelo lweSlurrySebenzisa iteknoloji ye-ultrasonic ephucukileyo yokulandelela uxinano olungaphakathi. Ezi sensors zidibana neenkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo ukuze kufumaneke impendulo ekhawulezileyo, zivumela ukwenziwa ngcono okuqhubekayo kweeparameters ze-flotation, kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwe-buffer tank outlet kunye namazinga okuhamba kwepayipi egxile. Ubungqina bentsimi bubonisa ukuba ukufundwa okuchanekileyo okuvela kwii-sensors zeLonnmeter zixhasa ngokuthe ngqo amaqhinga okuphucula inkqubo ye-flotation, ziphucula izisombululo zothutho olugxile, kwaye zinciphisa umahluko ekuhambelaneni kwe-slurry.
Iindlela ezilungileyo zokudibanisa nokwenza ngcono i-Flotation Optimization
Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kokubeka iliso kugxininiso kwiisekethe ze-flotation kuphucula ukusebenza:
Ukuhlanganiswa kweSensor kunye noLawulo lweNkqubo:Izinzwa ezikwimigca ethe tye, ezifana nezo zivela eLonnmeter, kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe ngqo kwiinkqubo zolawulo ezisasazwe (DCS) okanye kwi-programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Oku kuvumela idatha yoxinzelelo lwexesha langempela ukuba ilungise ngokuzenzekelayo izikhokelo zokulinganisa i-flotation reagent, iithagethi ze-pH, amazinga omoya, kunye nezinye iiparameter ezibalulekileyo—ezenza ulawulo oluvaliweyo lwempendulo yenkqubo ekhawulezileyo. Abaqhubi kufuneka basebenzise iimodeli zezinzwa ezithambileyo, ezifana neenethiwekhi ze-neural ze-LSTM, njengeeleya zolawulo ezikhethiweyo zokuphucula ngakumbi kwiimeko zezityalo ezinzima okanye ezitshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
Iiprotokholi zoKuthatha iSampulu:Iinkqubo zokuqokelela nokuphatha iisampulu ezihambelanayo kufuneka zimiselwe kwaye ziqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha yesensa ekwi-intanethi kunye neziphumo zelebhu ziyahambelana. Oku kuquka uyilo lwepayipi yokuhambisa umxube ukuze kuncitshiswe iindawo ezifileyo kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuxubana okumeleyo, kunye nokwenza ngcono i-buffer tank outlet ukuze kuzinziswe ukuhamba kohlalutyo olusezantsi.
Ukulinganisa kunye noLondolozo:Ukulinganisa rhoqo ngokuchasene neendlela zelebhu ezithembekileyo, kunye nokujonga ukutyibilika, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuhambelana. Iindlela zokulungisa kufuneka zihambelane nezixhobo ezikhethiweyo—iimitha zeCoriolis zifuna ukucocwa rhoqo, ngelixa izinzwa ze-ultrasonic kunye nemigca yeLonnmeter zixhamla ekuqinisekisweni kwesignali rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kokungcola.
Impendulo yeDatha yoLungiselelo lweReagent:Zonke iinkqubo zokulinganisa ngexesha langempela kufuneka zongeze ngqo kwii-algorithms okanye kwizikhokelo zomsebenzisi zokuphucula idosi ye-reagent kwi-flotation. Oku kuphucula ukukhetha kwenkqubo ye-molybdenum flotation kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ngelixa kunciphisa iindleko kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
Ngokusebenzisa ngokucwangcisiweyo ezi zixhobo kunye neendlela zokubeka esweni, abaprosesa bezimbiwa banokujongana nemingeni ephezulu yokwanda kwezimbiwa ekujikelezeni komhlaba kwaye bagcine ukusebenza kakuhle kwezityalo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokutya kunye nokwakheka komzimba we-ore.
Amaqhinga okuphucula inkqubo yokudada
Ukulungisa idosi ye-reagent kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inkqubo yokutyibilika kwee-ore ze-tungsten-molybdenum. Ukuguquguquka kwiimpawu ze-ore—ezifana ne-mineralization degree, ukusasazwa kobungakanani bengqolowa, kunye nobukho be-gangue mineral—kufuna izikhokelo zokulinganisa i-reagent eziguquguqukayo neziqhutywa yidatha. Iindlela eziqinisekisiweyo ziquka ukusampula okuqhubekayo kunye nokulungiswa kwedosi ephindaphindayo ngokusekelwe kwimilinganiselo yoxinzelelo lwe-slurry ngexesha langempela, kunye nee-sensors zeLonnmeter ezinikezela impendulo kwangoko. Umzekelo, xa i-ore mineralization isanda, iidosi zokuqokelela ezikhethiweyo zihlala zifuna ukulungiswa okukhawulezileyo ukuze kulungiswe ukukhululwa okunciphileyo kunye nokugcina uzinzo lwe-froth. Iimodeli zendlela yokuphendula umphezulu zisetyenziselwa ukubala ukusebenzisana kwe-reagent kunye nokuqikelela isivuno sokukhupha, ukuqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa kwenkqubo yokutyibilika kwe-molybdenum esebenzayo.
Amaqhinga olawulo oluphambili asebenzisa idatha yenkqubo ye-multivariate, esebenzisa ii-sensors ze-Lonnmeter ezikwi-intanethi ukuze ziphendule inkqubo eguquguqukayo. Kwii-ores ezine-mineralization degree ephezulu, i-frequency sensor-driven dosage recalibration ibala i-variable pH kunye ne-solid-to-liquid ratios, inciphisa ukulahleka kweeminerali ezixabisekileyo. Ngexesha le-molybdenum froth flotation techniques, ukufanisa uhlobo lomqokeleli kunye ne-depressant regimen kwi-process mineralogy-exhaswa yi-in-line monitoring-ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amazinga omgangatho kunye nokubuyiselwa. Umzekelo osebenzayo kukusetyenziswa okujoliswe kuko kwe-synergistic modifiers, njenge-mixed bio-based depressants, ezisetyenziswa ngokukhethayo xa iiminerali ze-gangue ezifana ne-fluorite zisanda, ngokutsho kohlalutyo lwesifundo somphezulu.
Ukuphucula ukubuyiswa kwee-particles ezincinci kuseyeyona nto iphambili kwiindlela zokuqubha kwe-tungsten-molybdenum ore. Ukuqubha okuqhelekileyo kudla ngokwanelanga kwii-tungsten ezincinci nezincinci kunye ne-molybdenite. Ukuqubha kwe-oyile edibeneyo (i-OAF) kunika isisombululo esiphambili, kusetyenziswa i-oyile elawulwayo kunye ne-agitation ukuze kuhlanganiswe ii-fines kwaye kuphuculwe ukuqubha kwazo. Izifundo zibonisa ukubaluleka kokuphucula iiparameter ze-OAF zokusebenza—umthamo weoyile, ubungakanani bee-particles, kunye nokuqina kwe-agitation—ukufezekisa ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu kwii-tailings zemizi-mveliso kunye ne-feedstock. Umzekelo, i-OAF yonyuse amazinga okubuyiselwa kwe-molybdenite kwii-fine-grained tailings ngokulungisa iipropati zeoyile kunye ne-slurry kunye nokusebenzisa i-process-controlled reagent addition, iphumelela ngaphezu kwe-standard metal-organic complex flotation kule regime yobukhulu bee-particles.
Ulawulo lokusebenza kufuneka ludibanise ukujonga okuqinileyo kunye nokungenelela okujoliswe kuko ukunciphisa ilahleko zokugxila kunye nokwandisa umgangatho. Ukujonga okuqhubekayo kokugxila ngexesha langempela kunye neenzwa zeLonnmeter kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zesekethe, njengeendawo zokubeka itanki ye-buffer kunye neendawo zokudibanisa iipayipi ezihambisa i-concentrate, kuvumela ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza komthamo we-reagent kunye nokulungiswa kokuhamba kwamanzi. Umxholo ophezulu wezinto eziqinileyo eziphawulwe kwipayipi unokubangela utshintsho oluzenzekelayo kumazinga okutya kwe-flotation, amandla okunyakaza koomatshini, okanye ukujikeleza kwe-collector/depressant. Izisombululo zokuthutha i-concentrate ezisebenzayo, kubandakanya uyilo lwenkqubo yepayipi ukunciphisa ukutyibilika kunye nokuphucula isantya se-slurry, ukukhuthaza ngakumbi ukudluliselwa kwe-concentrate yenqanaba eliphezulu, ephantsi.
Iindlela zokuhluza i-ore slurry zidibene ukuphucula uzinzo lwenkqubo kunye nomgangatho wokugxila osezantsi. Iindlela ezilungileyo zokuhluza i-ore slurry zigxininisa ukukhethwa kwemidiya yokuhluza ehambelanayo eyenzelwe ukwenziwa kwe-slurry mineralization, ukuhambelana kokutya, kunye nomxholo wokufuma ofunekayo. Ukuhluza okufanelekileyo akugcini nje ngokubonelela ngokutya ukuze kutyibilike kwaye kuhanjiswe, kodwa kukwaxhasa ukulinganisa rhoqo kwe-reagent kwaye kuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ngenxa yemithwalo ye-solids eguquguqukayo.
Ukudibanisa i-reagent dosing ephuculiweyo, ulawulo lwenkqubo oluphambili—kuquka ukujonga ngexesha langempela okusekwe kwiLonnmeter—kunye nohlengahlengiso olujoliswe ekusebenzeni luzisa uphuculo oluqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kwesekethe ye-tungsten-molybdenum flotation. Ii-reagents ezikhethwe ngokudibeneyo kunye neeprotocol zolawulo kunye zenza ngcono amazinga okubuyisela, ziphakamisa amanqanaba okugxila, kwaye zinciphise impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye neendleko ze-reagent kuzo zonke ii-ore feeds eziguquguqukayo.
Ukuphucula Imisebenzi Engaphantsi Komlambo: Ukuhambisa Nokucoca
Ukuhambisa nokucoca okusebenzayo kubalulekile ukuze kuphuculwe inkqubo yokuntywila kwe-molybdenum. Uyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kwemibhobho exineneyo kunciphisa ukuvaleka kwaye kugcinwe ukuhamba okulinganayo. Iindlela eziphambili ziquka ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezimelana nokurhawuzelelwa kwiindawo ezigugileyo kunye nokulinganisa imibhobho ukuze ihambelane noxinzelelo lwe-slurry solids kunye namazinga okuhamba, ukuthintela ukuzinza kunye nokwenziwa kweeplagi. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye neenkqubo zokucoca kunceda ekufumaneni nasekususeni izithintelo, ngelixa ukujonga rhoqo umahluko woxinzelelo kuzo zonke iindawo zemibhobho kubonelela ngesilumkiso kwangethuba malunga nokufakwa okanye ukwakheka, okuxhasa ukuhanjiswa okungaphazanyiswayo.
Uqwalaselo lwe-outlet yetanki ye-buffer ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuzinziseni ukuhanjiswa kwe-ore slurry kwiinkqubo zokucoca. Amatanki kufuneka aquke iindlela zokumiswa, ezifana nee-agitators ezibekwe ngokwesicwangciso kunye nezicwangciso zamandla ezihlengahlengiswayo, ukugcina amasuntswana esasazeke ngokulinganayo, nangona amanqanaba etanki etshintsha ngexesha lokusebenza. Indawo efanelekileyo yokubeka i-outlet ixhomekeke ekugcineni "isantya sokumisa nje" kunye nokuphakama kwamafu, ukunciphisa ukuhlala kwamasuntswana kunye nokuphepha amazinga okutya angahambelaniyo. Ii-baffles zangaphakathi kunye ne-contours yokuhamba okugudileyo ziqinisekisa ukuba i-slurry iphuma ngendlela elawulwayo nezinzileyo, inciphisa i-turbulence kwaye ixhasa uzinzo lwenkqubo esezantsi. Uyilo kufuneka luqwalasele ukuziphatha okungengokwaseNewtonian kwe-slurry ene-mineralization ephezulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweebhokisi zokusasazwa ezine-hydraulic independent kwi-outflows ezininzi kuphucula ukuthembeka.
Xa i-ore slurry ifikelela ekuhluzweni, ukhetho lwetekhnoloji luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-concentrate kunye nolawulo lokufuma. Iindlela zokucoca uxinzelelo—ezifana ne-plate-and-frame kunye ne-membrane plate filter presses—zibalasele ekufezekiseni umxholo wokufuma ophantsi. Kwezi nkqubo, i-slurry inyanzeliswa ngokusebenzisa i-filter media ngoxinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo, okwenza ikhekhe. I-membrane plate yesizukulwana esilandelayo icinezela i-inflate membranes ukuze icinezelwe okwesibini, ikhuphe amanzi amaninzi kwaye ivelise i-concentrate eyomileyo, ekumgangatho ophezulu, efanelekileyo kwiindlela ze-tungsten-molybdenum flotation. Ezi presses zibonisa ukunciphisa ixesha lokujikeleza, ukuphuma okukhulu, kunye nokuhlamba ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokuphathwa kweplate ukuze kuphuculwe ukuthembeka kunye nokugcinwa okuncitshisiweyo.
Ukucoca i-vacuum, esetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yobulula bayo, isebenzisa i-vacuum ukususa ulwelo kwi-slurry, nto leyo evelisa imveliso enomswakama ophezulu oseleyo. Nangona ifanelekile kwizicelo ezingafunekiyo okanye apho kunganyanzelekanga ukuba kubekho imida engqongqo yokufuma, iinkqubo ze-vacuum ngokubanzi zifuna amanyathelo okomisa emva kokuhluza. Kwimisebenzi ephambili, iindlela ezininzi ziqhelekile—ukucoca amanzi okokuqala nge-vacuum, kulandele ukuhluza koxinzelelo okanye ukomisa ngobushushu—ukulinganisela i-throughput, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nemigangatho yobumsulwa obuqinileyo.
Ukubeka iliso ngokuzenzekelayo kuncedisa kwizicwangciso zokuphucula inkqubo yokudada, ingakumbi ukulawula ukufuma kunye nokuhambelana kokuphuma. Iinkqubo zesensor zexesha langempela ezifana neLonnmeter zilinganisa uxinaniso lwe-slurry kunye nokuhamba, zidibene nolawulo lwenkqubo yokucoca ukuze zilungelelanise ngokuguquguqukayo uxinano lwe-underflow kunye ne-reagent dosing. Ezi nkqubo zibonakalise ukuthembeka okuphuculweyo kwezixhobo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent, kunye nokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo okungacwangciswanga ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa kunye nemigodi ye-lead-zinc. Ukubeka iliso ngokuzenzekelayo kuxhasa izisombululo zothutho oluqinileyo kunye nokwenza ngcono i-buffer tank outlet, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ezisezantsi zigcina amanqanaba okusebenza afanelekileyo.
Iindlela ezilungileyo zokuhluza zifuna iteknoloji yokuhluza ehambelanayo ukuze kugxilwe kwiimpawu kunye neemfuno ezisezantsi. Kwi-tungsten kunye ne-molybdenum concentrates, ii-presses ze-membrane plate zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu zibonelela ngomxholo wokufuma ophantsi kakhulu onokufikelelwa kunye namaxesha omjikelo akhawulezayo, zixhasa iimfuno zothutho kunye nokucubungula okungakumbi. I-automation kunye nezixhobo zokuhluza ezihlala ixesha elide, ezingagugiyo zinceda ukwandisa ukusebenza kunye nemveliso yokusebenza. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo loyilo lwetanki yepayipi kunye ne-buffer, kunye nokubeka esweni uxinzelelo oluzenzekelayo, zixhasa ngokuthe ngqo iindlela ezilungileyo zokuhluza i-ore slurry kunye nokulungiswa kwedosi ye-reagent yokucubungula izimbiwa, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okusezantsi.
Izinto eziqwalaselwayo malunga nokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza
Inqanaba eliphezulu lemineralization kwiisekethe ze-flotation lizisa imingeni eyahlukeneyo yozinzo lwenkqubo, ingakumbi kwi-molybdenum flotation. Amandla aphezulu e-ionic emanzini enkqubo atshintsha iipropati zomphezulu weminerali kwaye achaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwabaqokeleli kunye nabadakumbisayo. Umzekelo, i-sodium metabisulfite icinezela ngokukhethekileyo i-chalcocite ngelixa iphucula ukubuyiswa kwe-molybdenite, nangona ukuqokelelwa kwe-ion kusongela ukukhetha kwe-reagent kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo iyonke. Ukudibanisa i-sodium metabisulfite kunye nabaqokeleli be-thionocarbamate kudla ngokuvelisa ukukhetha okuphezulu kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-molybdenum kwiindlela ze-tungsten-molybdenum ore flotation ezintsonkothileyo, ukuba nje ikhemistri yamanzi ilawulwa ngokuqinileyo.
Ulawulo lokusingqongileyo phantsi kokusetyenziswa kwezimbiwa ngamandla lugxile ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kwe-asidi kunye nokunyibilika kwesinyithi esinzima kwiintsalela. Iinkqubo zokunyanga amanzi ezifana nomoya kunye ne-oxidation yeFenton zinciphisa ngokufanelekileyo imfuno ye-oxygen yamakhemikhali (i-COD), zixhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokusingqongileyo kwaye zinciphise umngcipheko wokutsalwa kwesinyithi esinzima. Nangona zisebenza kakuhle, ezi nkqubo ze-oxidation eziphambili azixhaphakanga kakhulu kumanqanaba oshishino ngenxa yeendleko kunye nobunzima bokusebenza.
Ukulawula ibhalansi yamanzi ngumqobo oqhubekayo wokusebenza kwiisekethe zokudada. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe amanzi rhoqo, okufunekayo ukuze kuzinze kwiindawo ezinqongopheleyo zamanzi, kukhokelela ekwandeni kwee-ion kunye nee-reagents ezisele - ezi zichaphazela kakubi uzinzo lwamafu kunye nomsebenzi wokudakumba. Iindlela ezilungileyo zokusebenza ziquka ukujonga ukuguquguquka kwexesha kunye nokwejografi kumanzi enkqubo kunye nokuqalisa iindlela zokucoca ezihambelanayo, ezifana nokucaciswa kwe-physicochemical kunye ne-sedimentation. Ukulungiswa kwe-buffer tank outlet kubalulekile ukuzinzisa amaxesha okuhlala kwe-hydraulic, ukunciphisa iziphumo zokushushu, kunye nokugcina iipropati zokusasazeka kwe-reagent kunye ne-slurry ezihambelanayo.
Ukuphucula idosi ye-reagent xa kutyibilika kubalulekile xa kusingathwa i-slurry eneminerali eninzi. Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo i-depressants, i-collectors, kunye ne-pH modifiers kuqinisekisa ukwahlukana kweeminerali okusebenzayo kwaye kunciphisa ukulinganiswa kwimibhobho kunye neetanki ze-buffer. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-BK511 njenge-depressant kubonise ukunyuka kwenqanaba le-molybdenum concentrate kunye nokubuyiselwa xa kuthelekiswa ne-sodium hydrosulfide yendabuko, ngelixa kunciphisa umngcipheko wokulinganiswa kunye nokuvaleka kwemibhobho. Izisombululo zothutho lwe-concentrate ezisebenzayo, kunye nemibhobho ehambisa i-concentrate eyilwe ngokungqongqo, ixhasa ngakumbi ukuhamba rhoqo kwaye yenza kube lula ukugcinwa.
Ukuphathwa kodaka kufuneka kujongwane nokuxinana kwezinto eziqinileyo ezibangelwa kukwanda kweminerali. Iindlela zokucoca udaka lwe-ore—ezifana nokucoca uxinzelelo kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-fine mesh—zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kubungakanani bamasuntswana, umxholo weeminerali, kunye neemfuno zomgangatho wokucoca. Iindlela ezilungileyo zokucoca udaka lwe-ore ziquka ukucoca ngokwezigaba ukuze kuphuculwe ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kunye nokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwe-filtrate, ukukhusela ukusebenza kwe-flotation esezantsi kunye nomgangatho wamanzi.
Izikhokelo zokulinganisa i-reagent zicebisa ukulinganiswa rhoqo kunye nokulungiswa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ze-ore kunye nedatha yexesha langempela. Ukubeka esweni rhoqo kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezichanekileyo ezifana neLonnmeter kwenza uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo kwi-mineral processing reagent dosage, kunceda ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kunye nokuxhasa uzinzo lokusingqongileyo. Imizekelo evela kwizityalo ze-Cu-Ni flotation eziphakathi ibonisa ukuba i-reagent esebenzayo kunye nolawulo lwamanzi, olulungiselelwe imingeni yemineralization ethile kwindawo ethile, luhlala luphucula iziphumo zenkqubo ye-molybdenum flotation kwaye lunciphisa iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo.
Izikhokelo Ezisebenzayo Zabaqhubi Bezityalo kunye NeeNjineli Zeenkqubo
Uluhlu lokutshekisha oluNyathelweyo lokujonga iiNdawo zoLawulo ezibalulekileyo
Izityalo ezisebenza nge-tungsten-molybdenum ore ezisebenza nge-flotation ore zixhomekeke kulawulo oluqhubekayo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo. Sebenzisa olu luhlu lokuhlola ukujonga ngokucwangcisiweyo imibhobho, iitanki ze-buffer, kunye nezigaba zokucoca:
Iindawo zoLawulo lweMibhobho
- Qinisekisa iindawo zokutyela, iindawo zokukhupha amanzi, kunye neendawo ezigobileyo ukuze kushukumeke uthuli olungenaziphazamiso.
- Hlola uxinano, isantya, kunye nepesenti yezinto eziqinileyo usebenzisa izinzwa ezikwimigca ethe tye. Qinisekisa ukufundwa kwezixhobo zeLonnmeter ukuze ubone ukuba zihambelana kangakanani.
- Jonga ukwehla koxinzelelo okungaqhelekanga, okubonisa ukuba kukho ukuvaleka okanye ukuguguleka okugqithisileyo.
- Yenza uhlolo lokuguguleka kwemibhobho rhoqo kwaye ugcine iirekhodi zokusebenza kwepompo kunye neevalvu.
Amanqaku oLawulo lweTanki yeBuffer
- Qinisekisa isantya se-agitator kunye nemeko ye-impeller ukuze ugcine ukumiswa nje kunye nokuhambelana.
- Linganisa iisensa zenqanaba; gcina imithamo yeslurry ngaphakathi kwemida ecetyiswayo encinci/ephezulu ukuthintela ukutyibilika kwesanti kunye nokugcwala.
- Rhoqo thatha isampuli kwaye uhlalutye udaka ukuze ubone ukuba izinto eziqinileyo zixinene kangakanani. Sebenzisa ii-probe zeLonnmeter ukuze ufumane ubuninzi bezinto ngexesha langempela.
- Vavanya ixesha lokuhlala ngokuqinisekisa amazinga okuphuma kwamanzi kunye namanqanaba okusebenza.
Amanqaku oLawulo lweSigaba sokuHlunga
- Hlola ukuhambelana kokungena kolusu kwisihluzi; phucula i-upstream buffering ukuze unciphise ukuguquguquka.
- Jonga ukuthembeka kwemidiya yokuhluza kunye noxinzelelo lokwahluka kwiiyunithi zesihluzi.
- Qinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwekhekhe lesihluzo kunye nokucaca kwefiltrate; lungisa iindawo zokusebenza ukuba kufunyenwe ukungaboni okanye ukufuma okugqithisileyo.
- Cwangcisa ukugcinwa kokuthintela iiyunithi zesihluzi kwaye ulungise ngokukhawuleza ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesitywina okanye ukuvalwa kwekhekhe.
Iinkqubo zokusombulula iingxaki zeengxaki zoxinzelelo lwe-Slurry
Impendulo efanelekileyo inciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwaye ikhusela ukusebenza kwe-flotation:
Ukuxuba Okugqithisileyo
- Hlola iindawo zokongeza amanzi; nciphisa ukungena kwamanzi ukuba uxinano lwe-slurry luwela ngaphantsi kwemida ejoliswe kuyo emiselwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokudada.
- Jonga ukulinganiswa kwesensor (ingakumbi iLonnmeter) kwaye uqinisekise ngokusebenzisa isampuli ngesandla.
- Lungisa ukuxutywa kwetanki ye-buffer ukuze unciphise iindawo zokuxuba ezibangela ukungalingani koxinzelelo.
Ukungalingani kweReagent
- Hlola izixhobo zokulinganisa kwaye uthelekise ukongezwa kwe-reagent yokwenyani ngokuchasene neendawo ezimiselweyo ngokuphucula idosi ye-reagent kwi-flotation.
- Jonga iimpawu zogwebu kunye namazinga okubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo usebenzisa iindlela zokudada kwegwebu le-molybdenum; ukungalingani kudla ngokubonakala njengokukhetha okungafanelekanga.
- Lungisa ukuhamba kwe-reagent kunye ne-modifier ngexesha langempela apho impendulo ekwi-intanethi ivuma; bhala phantsi amanyathelo okulungisa.
Ukufiphalisa iiFilter
- Vavanya ukulungiswa kwe-slurry enyukayo usebenzisa iindlela ezilungileyo zokuhluza i-ore slurry. Iifines ezigqithisileyo okanye i-mineralization ephezulu zinokubangela ukuxinana.
- Izihluzi ze-backflush ngamaxesha amafutshane; khangela ukuba azikho izinto ezimdaka okanye iikhemikhali ezibangela ukuba zingasebenzi.
- Lungisa izinga lokutya okanye ulungise idosi ye-flocculant/frother ukuze uthintele ukungaboni ngokukhawuleza.
Ukulungelelanisa Ukulungiswa Kwenkqubo Yokuqubha KweeFlotation Kwiimeko Ezitshintshayo
Iintlobo ze-ore eziguqukayo kunye neemeko zokutya zifuna uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo esebenzayo:
- Landela rhoqo ubungakanani beentwana zokutya kunye noxinano; hlaziya ubalo lwe-hydraulic kunye nezicwangciso zothutho lwemibhobho ukuze ufumane izisombululo zothutho oluqinileyo njengoko kuqaliswa imizimba emitsha ye-ore.
- Lungisa amaqhinga okuphucula i-buffer tank outlet ngokulungelelanisa isantya se-agitator kunye nomthamo wetanki njengoko inqanaba lemineralization litshintsha.
- Jonga imeko yeseli yokudada ukuze ubone iimpawu zeengxaki eziphezulu zezinga lokumbiwa; nciphisa umthamo okanye utshintshe umxube we-reagent ukuze ulungele iimpawu ze-ore slurry eziqinileyo.
- Sebenzisa izikhokelo zokulinganisa i-reagent ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nolawulo lwempendulo, utshintshe amazinga okulinganisa ukuphendula kutshintsho lokutya ukuze kusebenze ngokuzinzileyo kwe-flotation.
- Sebenzisana neenjineli zezityalo ukuze ulungelelanise iiparameter zoyilo lwemibhobho ehambisa umxube nanini na xa utshintsho kwi-rheology yoludaka lusongela iindlela zokuhamba okanye imida yesantya.
- Bhala phantsi yonke imisebenzi yokwenza ngcono, unxulumanise utshintsho lwenkqubo ne-flotation yield, ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo, kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza ukuze kuphuculwe rhoqo.
Zonke iingcebiso kufuneka zidibane neenkqubo ezibanzi zokubeka esweni inkqubo kwaye zisebenzise amandla ezixhobo ezifana neLonnmeter ukuze kuhlalutywe ngokuchanekileyo nangokuthe ngqo. Le ndlela icwangcisiweyo ixhasa zombini iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki ngoko nangoko kunye namaqhinga okuphucula inkqubo yokuqubha.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
Yintoni i-molybdenum flotation kwaye yahluke njani kwezinye iinkqubo ze-froth flotation?
Inkqubo yokuqubha kwe-molybdenum yindlela yokwahlula iiminerali ekhethiweyo egxile ekuhlukaniseni i-molybdenite (MoS₂) kwezinye iiminerali. Ukungagqumi kwendalo kwe-molybdenite kuthetha ukuba inamathela ngokulula kwiibhamuza zomoya, kodwa ukwahlukana kwayo kwi-copper sulfides kunye ne-gangue kufuna amaqhinga ahlukeneyo xa kuthelekiswa nokuqubha okuqhelekileyo kwe-froth.
Umahluko ophambili uquka:
- Ukucaciswa kwe-reagent:I-molybdenum flotation isebenzisa ii-reagents ezenzelwe wena—abaqokeleli abasekelwe kwioyile, ii-depressants ezikhethekileyo, kunye nee-pH modifiers ezikhethwe ngononophelo—ukuphucula ukuntanta kwe-molybdenite kunye nokunciphisa iiminerali ze-copper okanye ze-gangue. I-general flotation idla ngokusebenzisa iindidi ezibanzi ze-reagents ezingenalo uhlengahlengiso oluphezulu.
- Ingqwalasela yepropathi yomphezulu:Le nkqubo ifuna ingqalelo esondeleyo kwi-mineralology yomphezulu we-molybdenite, ukumanzika, kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukukhupha i-electrochemical. Ezi nkcukacha zidlala indima enkulu kuneendlela ze-sulfide flotation ezisemgangathweni.
- Uxinzelelo lweCopper:Ii-organic okanye ii-inorganic agents zisetyenziselwa ukuthomalalisa iiminerali zobhedu, nto leyo enciphisa ubukho bazo kwi-molybdenite concentrates—umngeni ongabonakaliyo kakhulu kwiisetingi ze-flotation ezisisiseko.
- Ulawulo lwephepha lokuhamba kweenkqubo:I-molybdenum flotation isebenza ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo—njengokurhabaxa, ukucoca, kunye nokususa—phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo. Inqanaba ngalinye lijolise ekuvuseleleni okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho oqinileyo, okufuna ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngakumbi kuneendlela zendabuko ze-flotation.
- Ulawulo lobungakanani bamasuntswana:Ukugaya kakhulu kuyaphetshwa ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko ezenza kube nzima ukwahlulahlula, nto leyo efuna iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokugaya nokuhlola.
- Uhlengahlengiso lwesekethe nezixhobo:Amanyathelo afana nokwahlulwa kwemagnethi kunye nolawulo oluneenkcukacha lwentsimbi ye-tramp ngamanye amaxesha adityaniswe ukugcina inkululeko ye-molybdenite kunye nokuhambelana kokuntanta.
Imizekelo: Ngokwenyani, isityalo se-tungsten-molybdenum ore flotation sinokudibanisa abaqokeleli, ii-surfactants, kunye ne-selective depressants, silungise i-pH kunye nemithwalo ejikelezayo sisebenzisa imilinganiselo yexesha langempela ukuze kuphuculwe ukubuyiswa kwe-molybdenum kunye nobunyulu. Ezi ndlela zilungisiweyo zidlula oko kuqhelekileyo kwiisekethe ze-generic sulfide flotation, ingakumbi xa ukukhetha okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kutheni uhlengahlengiso lwedosi ye-reagent lubaluleke kangaka kwi-tungsten-molybdenum ore flotation?
Ukuphucula idosi ye-reagent xa i-flotation kumisela indlela iiminerali ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-tungsten kunye ne-molybdenum ezifunyanwa ngayo kwaye zahlulwe kwi-gangue. Idosi efanelekileyo ilinganisa ukusebenza kweeminerali kunye nokudodobala, ixhasa ukukhetha kunye nokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
- Ulawulo lokukhetha:Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wee-collectors, i-depressants, kunye ne-modifiers uqinisekisa ukutyibilika okukhethekileyo kweeminerali ekujoliswe kuzo ngelixa ucinezela ezinye—imfuneko ngenxa yokufana kweekhemikhali kweeminerali ezinxulumene nazo (umz., i-scheelite vs. i-calcite).
- Ukulungiswa kokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo:Ukunciphisa umthamo weoyile kunciphisa ukubuyiswa kwezimbiwa; ukugqithisa umthamo kwandisa ukungqubana kwe-gangue okungafunekiyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-reagent, okunyusa iindleko kwaye kwenza kube nzima iinkqubo zokucoca i-ore slurry.
- Iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kunye neendleko:Ii-reagents ezigqithisileyo azinyusi nje iindleko zokusebenza kodwa zinokukhokelela ekukhutshweni okuphezulu kweekhemikhali kwiindawo ezisikiweyo okanye emanzini amdaka, nto leyo ebeka umngeni ekuthotyelweni kokusingqongileyo. Ulawulo olucokisekileyo luxhasa ngokuthe ngqo iindlela ezilungileyo zokuhluza udaka lwentsimbi kunye nokucubungula okusingqongileyo ngendlela enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
- Iziphumo ezihambelanayo kunye nobunzima benkqubo:Iindidi ezithile zee-reagent kunye needosi zazo zinokubangela iimpendulo eziluncedo okanye ezimbi (umz., ukwakheka kwe-nickel tungstate, ukunciphisa ukubuyiswa kwe-tungsten). Ngoko ke, izikhokelo zokulinganisa i-reagent ye-flotation eziphucukileyo—ezihlala ziphuhliswa ngendlela yokuphendula kumphezulu okanye ezinye iindlela zokwenza ngcono inkqubo—zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezityalo.
Imizekelo: Ukulungiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwemilinganiselo yokuqokelela kunye neyokudambisa kunokutshintsha ibhalansi phakathi kokubuyiswa kwe-molybdenum kunye ne-tungsten ngamanqaku aliqela eepesenti, okuchaphazela imveliso yemihla ngemihla kunye nengeniso yezityalo.
Umbhobho ohambisa i-concentrate uyichaphazela njani indlela esebenza ngayo isityalo sokudada?
Uyilo lwepayipi yokuhambisa umxube olusebenzayo luqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ehluziweyo esuka ekujikelezeni ithuthwa ngokuthembekileyo nangokuqhubekayo ukuya kwindawo yokugcina okanye ekuqhubekeni nokusetyenzwa. Oku kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesityalo ngeendlela ezininzi eziphambili:
- Ukuthembeka kokuhamba kwamanzi:Iipayipi ezilawulwa kakuhle zinciphisa ukuvaleka kwaye zibonelela ngokuhanjiswa rhoqo, okubalulekileyo ekuzinzeni kwezityalo kunye nokuhlanganiswa okubushelelezi neendlela zokucoca i-ore slurry.
- Ukugcinwa okuncitshisiweyo:Ubunjineli obufanelekileyo buthintela ukuguguleka, ukukruquka, kunye nokusilela koomatshini, nto leyo enciphisa amaxesha okuvalwa kwezixhobo kwaye yandisa ubomi bazo.
- Ukuthintela ukulahlekelwa:Imibhobho elawulwayo inciphisa umngcipheko wokuchitheka okuxineneyo, okubangela ilahleko yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zokucoca.
- Ukuguquguquka kokusebenza:Uyilo olukrelekrele luvumela ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza namazinga emveliso ahlukeneyo, luxhasa amaqhinga okuphucula inkqubo yokudada kwizityalo zonke.
Umzekelo: Kwizityalo zanamhlanje, iinkqubo zemibhobho zinokubandakanya izinzwa zeLonnmeter zokujonga ukuhamba kwamanzi, zilumkisa abaqhubi ngokungahambelani kunye nokubonelela ngedatha yokuphucula izisombululo zothutho oluxineneyo, nto leyo ephucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kweendlela ze-tungsten-molybdenum ore flotation.
Zithini imisebenzi ephambili ye-buffer tank outlet ekuphatheni udaka lwe-ore?
Indawo yokukhupha itanki ye-buffer yindawo ebalulekileyo ekuphathweni kodaka lwe-ore, eqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenamthungo ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa.
- Ulawulo lokuhamba kwamanzi:Igcina ukukhutshwa kodaka okuzinzileyo kwiinkqubo ezisezantsi, ifunxa utshintsho lwexesha elifutshane oluvela kwiisekethe eziphezulu.
- Ukuqhubeka kokusebenza:Isebenza njengesikhuseli sokukhusela xa izixhobo zingasebenzi kakuhle (umz., xa izixhobo zingasebenzi kakuhle, okanye xa izixhobo zingasebenzi kakuhle), inciphisa ukumiswa okungacwangciswanga.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto:Ikhuthaza ukwakheka kodaka rhoqo kunye nokumiswa kwezinto eziqinileyo, kubalulekile ekutyeni ngokulinganayo kwiindlela zokucoca udaka lwe-ore kunye nezigaba ezilandelayo zokudada.
- Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo:Ivumela ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwaye ixhasa ukusebenza okusezantsi, ithintela ukuvaleka kwemibhobho kunye nokunyuka okunokuphazamisa izikhokelo zokulinganisa i-reagent yokudada okanye ukuhamba kweenkqubo.
Umzekelo: Kwizityalo ze-tungsten-molybdenum ore flotation ezinomthamo ophezulu, iindawo zokubeka iitanki ze-buffer eziyilwe ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuxuba kunye nokugcina izinto eziphilayo zinceda ukugcina imveliso yezityalo kunye nomgangatho wokugxila, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuguquguquka komgangatho we-ore okanye ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo.
I-degree ephezulu ye-mineralization ichaphazela njani ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-molybdenum froth flotation?
Iqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika kweeminerali—elibonakaliswa kukwanda kwee-ions ezinyibilikisiweyo—lichaphazela kakhulu igwebu le-molybdenumiindlela zokudada.
- Ukungaqini komphunga:Amandla e-ionic angakumbi anokuphazamisa ulwelo lwe-flotation, anciphise ukukhetha kwe-floatation kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-concentrate.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent okuphuculweyo:Kufuneka ii-reagents ezingaphezulu ukulawula ubunzima obandayo besisombululo, ukonyusa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nomngcipheko weempembelelo ezingafunekiyo zeekhemikhali.
- Ubunzima bokwahlulwa:Ukukhetha kuyehla njengoko ii-ion ze-copper, calcium, okanye sulfate ezinyibilikisiweyo ziphazamisana nokuqubha kwe-molybdenite kunye ne-scheelite. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukwahlukana, kufuna ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo komthamo we-reagent yokucubungula izimbiwa.
- Ukubeka iliso kwinkqubo:Ukwanda kwezimbiwa kufuna ulawulo oluqinileyo kunye nokubekwa esweni—njengomlinganiselo we-pH oqhubekayo okanye umlinganiselo wokuqhuba—ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-flotation kunye nokulawula i-reagent dosing ngokufanelekileyo.
Umzekelo: Izityalo ezicubungula ama-slurries anemineralization ephezulu zihlala zisebenzisa ii-Lonnmeter inline analyzers ukulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo amazinga okutya okuqokelela kunye nokuthomalalisa, ukunciphisa ukungazinzi kwamagwebu kunye nokuxhasa amaqhinga okuphucula inkqubo yokudada.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-27-2025
