Ukulinganisa uxinaniso lwe-inline sulfuric acid kubalulekile kuvavanyo lomgangatho we-sulfuric acid ngexesha langempela kwimizi-mvelisoi-asidi ye-sulfuricukwenziwa. Idatha yokugxila eqhubekayo emgceni inika0.1Ukuphambuka kwe-% kulawulo lobumsulwa be-asidi, kuxhasa ulawulo oluqinileyo lwenkqubo ye-sulfuric acid kuzo zonke iindlela zokuvelisa i-sulfuric acid. Ukufundwa okuthe ngqo ngaphakathi kwemigca kususa amabala angabonakaliyo kwisampuli ngesandla kwaye kwandisa amazinga okubuyisa ubhedu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7% kwi-hydrometallurgy ye-copper ore.
Ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kuyaphucuka njengoko idosi ye-asidi itshintsha ngoko nangoko ukuze ihambelane notshintsho lokuhamba okanye lokutya, kuthintelwe ukugqithiswa okanye ukugqithiswa kakhulu ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhutshelwa kwe-copper ore. Oku kunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma ye-asidi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12% kwaye kunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ezinxulumene nokuphathwa kunye nokulahla iikhemikhali. Ukubeka esweni okucwangcisiweyo kuthintela ukungcola kwezixhobo kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvuza okunxulumene ne-asidi, okukhusela ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo uxinaniso lwe-sulfuric acid ekwi-inline kuphucula ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiindlela zokukhupha i-ore ye-copper, kunciphisa igalelo ngelixa kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwempendulo kunye nemveliso yobhedu. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sulfuric acid kwimizi-mveliso efana nokuveliswa kwesichumiso kunye nebhetri kufuna ubumsulwa be-asidi obuyi-98%+, obugcinwa ngexesha langempela ngeemitha ezikwi-inline. Ngayinye yezi zibonelelo iqhuba ukuveliswa kwe-sulfuric acid esebenzayo, ekhuselekileyo, nezinzileyo kunye nemisebenzi yokukhupha i-copper.
Ukuntywiliselwa kweCopper Ore
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Ukuveliswa kweSulfuric Acid kunye nokuSungulwa kweCopper Ore
Ukwenziwa kwe-sulfuric acid yanamhlanje kusetyenziselwa inkqubo yoqhagamshelwano, eyenzelwe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobunyulu. I-sulfur iyatshiswa emoyeni owomileyo, ivelisa i-SO₂. Le gesi iyahlanjululwa kwaye inyibilikiswa nge-catalytically phezu kwe-vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) kwi-400–600 °C ukuze ivelise i-SO₃. I-SO₃ iyanyibilika kwi-sulfuric acid exineneyo, ivelise i-oleum, exutywe ukuze kufezekiswe amandla e-asidi ekujoliswe kuyo. Ukuguqulwa kudlula i-97%, kunye nobunyulu bemveliso obudlula i-98% H₂SO₄ rhoqo.
Iindlela zokukhupha i-ore ye-copper zixhomekeke kwi-sulfuric acid njenge-chemical agent ephambili. Kwinkqubo yokukhupha i-ore ye-copper, ubuninzi be-asidi buhlala buqala kwi-0.5–2.0 M, apho i-pH ibanjwe kwi-1.5–2.0. Ulawulo lobushushu lubalulekile, lubekwe phakathi kwama-25–55 °C ukuze kuphuculwe ukuchithwa kwe-copper kwaye kuncitshiswe ukungcola. Iimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-sulfuric acid ezilinganisiweyo kakuhle zixhasa ulawulo lwenkqubo, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-hydrometallurgy ye-copper ore kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma. Amanqanaba okubuyisa ubhedu afikelelekayo afikelela kwi-90–93% kwizixhobo ezine-carbonate ephantsi, zincediswa kukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo kunye nokulinganiswa okuqhubekayo koxinzelelo lwe-sulfuric acid.
Imingeni yokulinganisa ukuxinana kwe-Inline Sulfuric Acid
Iindawo zenkqubo yokuvelisa i-sulfuric acid kwimizi-mveliso zingcolisa kakhulu. Iindawo ezimanziswe zi-sensor ziwohloka ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ngaphezulu kwe-70% ye-sulfuric acid nakwiindawo zobushushu eziphezulu. Kwanee-alloys ezifana ne-titanium okanye i-PTFE coatings zijongene nokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka ngenxa yokungcola, kwaye kufuneka ukulungiswa rhoqo okanye ukutshintshwa. Ukulinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-inline kujongana neengxaki ezongezelelweyo ngexesha lokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza koxinzelelo-okuqhelekileyo kwiindlela zokukhupha i-copper ore-xa uxinano lwe-asidi kunye ne-refractive index zitshintsha ngokungangqalanga, ingakumbi phakathi kwe-90–97% w/w. Ukushukuma kwe-sensor kunye nokulibaziseka kwe-lag kubeka umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo.
Ukuqokelelana kweekhemikhali ezikhupha i-iron sulfate, i-silica, okanye i-copper ore kubangela ukukrwela okanye ukungcolisa kwi-inline probes, nto leyo enciphisa ukuchaneka kwesignali. Ukungcolisa rhoqo kwiindawo zesensor kunyusa amaxesha okucoca kwaye kunciphisa imveliso kuvavanyo lomgangatho we-sulfuric acid.
Utshintsho lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo kwimveliso ye-sulfuric acid yemizi-mveliso okanyei-hydrometallurgy ye-copper oreIchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo lomlinganiselo. Uxinano lwe-asidi ye-sulfuric, i-viscosity, kunye ne-refractive index zonke zixhomekeke kubushushu. Iimitha zoxinzelelo ze-asidi ye-sulfuric ezithembekileyo zifuna ukulinganiswa okuchanekileyo kokulungiswa kobushushu kwiimeko zenkqubo eguqukayo. Ukuthatha isampuli ngesandla kulawulo lwenkqubo ye-asidi ye-sulfuric kwandisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa komqhubi kwaye kulibazise ukulungiswa kweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo.
Ukuntywila kweCopper Heap
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Iingenelo zeeLonnmeter Inline Concentration Meters
Iimitha zoxinano oluphakathi kunye noxinzelelo lweLonnmeter zibonelela ngeziphumo zexesha langempela zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-sulfuric acid, okuvumela ulawulo lwenkqubo ye-sulfuric acid ngokukhawuleza kwimveliso ye-sulfuric acid yemizi-mveliso kunye neendlela zokukhupha i-copper ore. Ukuchaneka kufikelela kwi-±0.1% kuxinzelelo, okususa iisampulu ezenziwe ngesandla kunye nokunxibelelana ngqo nomsebenzisi nee-asidi ezinobungozi. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwaye kuhambelana nemigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo yokusetyenziswa kwe-sulfuric acid yemizi-mveliso.
Isinyithi esiqinileyo nesimelana nokugqwala—njenge-PTFE lining kunye nezinto zeHastelloy—siqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nobomi benkonzo ende yesixhobo, nokuba kukho iikhemikhali ezikhupha i-copper ore kwaye zidibene nemijelo ye-asidi exineneyo. Ukufakwa kwe-inline kunciphisa amaxesha okugcinwa ngaphezulu kwama-60% xa kuthelekiswa novavanyo lwelebhu lwamaxesha athile, kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwenkqubo kunye neengozi zokwandisa ubungakanani.
Iimitha zeLonnmeter zivumela ukufunxwa kwe-sulfuric acid efanelekileyo kwi-hydrometallurgy ye-copper ore, ukuzinzisa amanqanaba oxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo. Ukubeka esweni ngokuzenzekelayo, okungenamfudumalo kuxhasa ukuxubana kwe-asidi rhoqo, ukulawulwa kokuphuma komphunga, kunye novavanyo oluchanekileyo lomgangatho we-sulfuric acid kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-sulfuric acid. Idatha ehambelanayo ngexesha langempela yenza kube lula i-sulfuric acid.imitha yoxinzelelo lwe-asidiimijikelo yokulinganisa iindlela zokuvelisa i-sulfuric acid ezinokuthenjwa neziphindaphindwayo.
Izicelo kunye noHlanganiso lweMizi-mveliso
Ukulinganiswa koxinzelelo lwe-inline sulfuric acid kusekela ulawulo oluqhubekayo lwenkqubo kwimveliso ye-sulfuric acid yemizi-mveliso yezichumisi, iibhetri, kunye namacandelo eekhemikhali. Kwimveliso yezichumisi, ngaphezulu kwe-60% yemveliso ye-sulfuric acid yehlabathi iqhuba ukwenziwa kwe-phosphoric acid kunye nokuveliswa kwesichumisi se-phosphate. Iimitha zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline ziqinisekisa ubunyulu be-asidi obuyi-≥98%, ukukhusela ukusebenza kakuhle kwempendulo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso osezantsi.
Ukwenziwa kweebhetri ze-lead-acid kufuna uluhlu oluqinileyo loxinano lwe-sulfuric acid (1.285–1.300 g/cm³); iimitha zoxinano olungaphakathi ziqinisekisa iinkcukacha ze-electrolyte kwaye zikhawulezisa uvavanyo lomgangatho we-sulfuric acid. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela isinyithi zixhomekeke kumlinganiselo ochanekileyo woxinano olungaphakathi ukuze kukhutshwe isinyithi ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokunciphisa inkcitho yeekhemikhali.
Iindlela zokukhupha i-copper ore kwi-hydrometallurgy zisebenzisa iimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-sulfuric acid ezikwi-inline ukulawula i-asidi- okuvumela ukukhutshwa kwe-copper ore ngokuchanekileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi, kunye nokugcina isivuno se-copper. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo kunye ne-Lonnmeter inline concentration, density, kunye ne-temperature transmitters kuzinzisa iindlela zokuvelisa i-sulfuric acid, iindleko zokusika kunye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza okuqhubekayo.
Iisekethe ze-hydrometallurgy zokubuyisela ubhedu zisebenzisa iimitha zeLonnmeter ukujonga iikhemikhali ezikhupha amanzi, ukunciphisa iisampulu ezenziwe ngesandla kunye nomngcipheko womqhubi. Ukulinganiswa rhoqo kwemitha yoxinzelelo lwe-sulfuric acid kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokulinganisa kuzo zonke izicelo ze-sulfuric acid kwimizi-mveliso.
Cela iCandelo leeNtetho/loQhagamshelwano
Fumana umlinganiselo ochanekileyo woxinzelelo lwe-asidi ye-sulfuric kwimveliso ye-sulfuric acid yemizi-mveliso kunye neendlela zokukhupha i-ore ye-copper usebenzisa izixhobo ze-Lonnmeter ezingaphakathi. Cacisa iiparameter zakho zenkqubo yokuvelisa i-asidi ye-sulfuric, iimeko zenkqubo yokukhupha i-ore ye-copper, kunye noluhlu lokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-asidi ye-sulfuric. Nxibelelana ne-Lonnmeter ukuze ufumane ingcebiso yobuchwephesha kwaye ufumane ikowuteshini eyenzelwe wena ngokweemfuno zakho zolawulo lwenkqubo ye-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye nokukhupha i-ore ye-copper.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-22-2026
