Kwimisebenzi yokugrumba imithombo enzulu kakhulu, ukulawula ukuxinana kolwelo lokugrumba kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-hydraulic kunye nozinzo lwe-wellbore. Ukungaphumeleli ukulawula ukuxinana kunokubangela ukudilika kwe-wellbore, kubangele ukulahleka okugqithisileyo kolwelo lokugrumba, kwaye kwandise ixesha elingasebenziyo. Imingeni yokusingqongileyo engaphantsi komngxuma, njengoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kunye nobushushu, imfuno yokubeka esweni ngokuchanekileyo, ngexesha langempela ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo lwe-rheological oluqikelelweyo, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokuhluza, kunye nokuthintela iziganeko eziyingozi zokulahleka kolwelo. Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwe-viscosity luxhasaulwelo lodaka olubhobozwayoulawulo lokulahleka, luphucula iipropati zolwelo lokubhola lwe-bentonite, kwaye luvumela iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokujova iikhemikhali ezizenzekelayo zokubhola.
Iindawo zokubhola iMithombo eNzulu kakhulu
Ukugrumba imithombo enzulu kakhulu kubhekisa ekufikeleleni kubunzulu obungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-5000, kunye neenkqubo ezininzi ngoku ezidlula iimitha ezingama-8000, ngakumbi kwimimandla efana neTarim kunye neSichuan Basins. Le misebenzi ihlangabezana nemingeni enzima kakhulu yokusingqongileyo kwemingxuma engaphantsi komhlaba, ephawulwa ziingcinezelo eziphezulu zokwakheka kunye namaqondo obushushu adlula kakhulu amanqanaba aqhelekileyo. Igama elithi HPHT (Uxinzelelo Oluphezulu, Ubushushu Obuphezulu) lichaza iimeko ezinoxinzelelo lokwakheka olungaphezulu kwe-100 MPa kunye namaqondo obushushu adla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwe-150°C, ahlala efumaneka kwiindawo ezijolise kuzo ezinzulu kakhulu.
Imingeni Eyodwa Yokusebenza
Ukugqobhoza kwiindawo ezinzulu kakhulu kuveza imiqobo yobugcisa eqhubekayo:
- Ukubhoboza okungekho semgangathweni:Ilitye eliqinileyo, iindawo eziqhekekileyo ezintsonkothileyo, kunye neenkqubo zoxinzelelo eziguquguqukayo zifuna izinto ezintsha zokwenziwa kolwelo lokubhola kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zomngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba.
- Ukusebenza kweJiyokhemikhali:Ukwakheka kwezi ndawo, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziqhekekileyo, kunokubangela ukusebenzisana kweekhemikhali nodaka lokugrumba, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingozi ezifana nokudilika kwemithombo yamanzi kunye nokulahleka kolwelo olukhulu.
- Ukuthembeka kwezixhobo:Uyilo oluqhelekileyo lweebhithi, i-casing, kunye nezixhobo zokugqiba zihlala zinengxaki yokunyamezela imithwalo ye-HPHT, nto leyo ebangela isidingo sezinto eziphuculweyo ezifana nee-alloys ze-titanium, izitywino eziphambili, kunye neerigi ezinomthamo ophezulu.
- Uyilo lweMithombo eNtofontofo:Iinkqubo zokubopha ezinamanqanaba amaninzi ziyafuneka ukuze kujongwane notshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwengcinezelo kunye nobushushu kubude bomngxuma, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukulawula ubunzulu bomngxuma.
Ukugrumba iMithombo Enzulu Kakhulu
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Ubungqina basentsimini obuvela kwiTarim Basin bubonisa ukuba ii-casing ze-alloy ezimelana nokugqwala nezikhaphukhaphu kakhulu zibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukuwohloka kwe-wellbore kunye nokuphucula uzinzo ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, oko kusebenza kwenye i-basin kunokufuna ukulungiswa kwenye indawo ngenxa yokwahluka kwejoloji.
Izinto Ezibangela Uxinzelelo Oluphezulu kunye Nobushushu Obuphezulu
Iimeko ze-HPHT ziphazamisa yonke into enxulumene nolawulo lolwelo lokubhola.
- Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyoichaphazela ukukhethwa kobunzima bodaka, ibeka umngeni kulawulo lokulahleka kolwelo kunye nomngcipheko wokuqhekeka okanye iziganeko zokulawulwa kwemithombo.
- Ukunyuka kobushushukunokubangela ukonakala okukhawulezileyo kobushushu beepolymers zolwelo lokubhola, kunciphisa ukuxinana kwaye kuvelise iipropati zokuxhoma ezingalunganga. Oku kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokuhluzwa okwandileyo kunye nokungazinzi okunokwenzeka kwe-wellbore.
Izongezo zolwelo lokubhola ezikwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, kuquka iipolymers eziphambili kunye nee-nanocomposites, zibonakalise ukuba zibalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kokucoca phantsi kwezi meko. Iiresini ezintsha kunye neearhente ezimelana netyuwa eninzi zisetyenziswa ngokukhutheleyo ukunciphisa ilahleko kwimilo eqhekekileyo neyaphukileyo.
Iziphumo zoLawulo loLwakhiwo lokubhola
Ulawulo lweempawu zolwelo lokubhola lwe-bentonite kunye nokukhethwa kwezongezo zokulahleka kolwelo lodaka lokubhola kufuneka kuthathele ingqalelo ukuwohloka kunye nokungazinzi okuqhutywa yi-HPHT. Izongezo zokusebenza okuphezulu, eziqiniswa kukuzilawula kwenkqubo yokulinganisa iikhemikhali ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokujonga i-viscosity ngexesha langempela, ziyafuneka ngakumbi.
- Ulawulo lwe-rheology yodaka lokubholaIxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kweenkqubo zolwelo ezinokugcina uxinzelelo lwemveliso, i-viscosity, kunye nolawulo lokulahleka kolwelo kuzo zonke iimeko ze-HPHT ezigqithisileyo.
- Ukuthintela ukulahleka kokuhluza kwidaka lokugrumbaixhomekeke kwiinkqubo zokufaka iikhemikhali eziqinileyo kunye nokubeka esweni okuqhubekayo, ngamanye amaxesha isebenzisa iteknoloji ye-HTHP vibrational viscometer ukuze ilungelelanise ixesha langempela.
- Izisombululo zozinzo lwe-Wellborezifuna ulawulo olusebenzayo noluguquguqukayo lolwelo, kusetyenziswa idatha eqhubekayo evela kwiisensa ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunye nohlalutyo lokuqikelela.
Ngamafutshane, iimeko ezigqithisileyo zokugrumba imithombo enzulu kakhulu zinyanzela abaqhubi ukuba bajongane nemingeni yokusebenza eyahlukileyo neguquka ngokukhawuleza. Ukukhethwa kolwelo, uyilo olongezelelweyo, ukujonga ukuxinana kolwelo lokugrumba ngexesha langempela, kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo kuba ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwemithombo kunye nokusebenza kokugrumba.
Ulwelo lokubhola lweBentonite: Ulwakhiwo, Umsebenzi, kunye nemingeni
Ulwelo lokugrumba lweBentonite luyintsika yodaka olusekelwe emanzini ekugrumbeni kwemithombo enzulu kakhulu, oluxatyiswa ngenxa yezakhono zalo zokudumba kunye nokwenza ijeli. Ezi mpawu zivumela i-bentonite ukuba imise ukusikwa kwemigodi, ilawule ukuxinana kolwelo lokugrumba, kwaye inciphise ukulahleka kokuhluza, iqinisekisa ukucocwa kwemingxunya ngokufanelekileyo kunye nozinzo lwemigodi. Amasuntswana odongwe enza ukumiswa kwe-colloidal okunokulungiswa kwiindawo ezithile zemingxunya kusetyenziswa i-pH kunye nezongezo.
Iipropati kunye neendima zeBentonite
- Umthamo wokudumba:I-Bentonite ifunxa amanzi, yandisa umthamo wayo owomileyo ngokuphindwe kaninzi. Oku kudumba kwenza ukuba iziqwenga zikwazi ukuxhoma kakuhle kwaye zithuthe inkunkuma ziye kumphezulu.
- Ukuqina kunye namandla ejeli:Ulwakhiwo lwejeli lubonelela nge-viscosity ebalulekileyo, luthintela izinto eziqinileyo ukuba zingahlali—imfuneko ephambili kwimingeni yokusingqongileyo engaphantsi komhlaba.
- Ukwakheka kwekhekhe lesihluzo:I-Bentonite yenza iikeyiki zesihluzo ezibhityileyo nezingenamanzi amaninzi eludongeni olunemibhobho yamanzi, ezithintela ukungena kolwelo kwaye zincede ekuthinteleni ukuqhekeka kwemibhobho yamanzi.
- Ulawulo lwe-Rheological:Indlela iBentonite eziphatha ngayo xa iphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-shear ibalulekile ekulawuleni i-rheology yokugrumba ngodaka ukuze kugrunjwe ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu lobushushu obuphezulu.
Ubuthathaka Phantsi Kweemeko ze-HPHT
Ukugqobhoza kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu (HPHT) ezixineneyo kutyhala ulwelo lwe-bentonite ngaphaya kwemida yoyilo lwazo:
- Ukulahleka kokuhluza:Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo kubangela ukuba amasuntswana e-bentonite ahlangane, aphule ikhekhe lesihluzo kwaye andise ukungenelela kolwelo. Oku kunokubangela ukulahleka kolwelo okuphezulu, kubeke emngciphekweni umonakalo wokwakheka kunye nokungazinzi kwemithambo.
- Umzekelo, izifundo zasentsimini zase-Oman ziphawule ukuba izongezo ezenzelwe wena zinciphise ukulahleka kolwelo lwe-HPHT ukusuka kwi-60 ml ukuya kwi-10 ml, nto leyo egxininisa ubukhali kunye nokulawulwa kwengxaki.
- Ukudibana kunye nokwakheka kakubi kwekhekhe lesihluzo kudla ngokuba yinto eyongezelelekileyo ngenxa yokubakho kweetyuwa kunye nee-ion ezidivalent, nto leyo ebangela umngeni ekuthinteleni ukulahleka kokuhluza kwidaka lokugrumba.
- Ukubola kobushushu:Ngaphezulu kwe-120°C, i-bentonite kunye nezinye izongezo ze-polymer ziyawohloka ngokweekhemikhali, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuncipheni kwe-viscosity kunye namandla e-gel. Ukuqhekeka kwe-acrylamide co-polymer phakathi kwe-121°C kunye ne-177°C kunxulunyaniswa nokulawulwa kokulahleka kolwelo kwaye kufuna ukuphinda kuzaliswe izongezo rhoqo.
- Ukubeka esweni i-viscosity yolwelo lokubhola ngexesha langempela, njengokusetyenziswa kwe-viscometer yokudlidliza ye-HTHP, kubalulekile ekufumaneni nasekulawuleni ukuwohloka kobushushu kwindawo leyo.
- Ukungazinzi kweekhemikhali:Ii-Bentonite fluids zinokwaphuka ngokwesakhiwo nangokwakheka kwazo phantsi kwe-HPHT enzima, ingakumbi xa kukho ii-ions ezirhabaxa okanye i-pH egqithisileyo. Oku kungazinzi kunokuphazamisa izisombululo zozinzo lwe-wellbore kwaye kunciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kokumba udaka.
- Izinto ezongeziweyo ezincinci kunye nezinto eziphuma kwinkunkuma (umz., uthuthu oluphuma kwimpukane) zinokomeleza ulwelo oluhlala luqinile nxamnye nokungazinzi kweekhemikhali.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweeNkqubo zoKulinganisa iiKhemikhali ukuze kunikezelwe ngokuNgezelela okuchanekileyo ngexesha langempela
Ulawulo lweekhemikhali oluzenzekelayo ekubholeni luguqula ulawulo lokulahleka kolwelo. Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo zokujova iikhemikhali zokubhoboza zivumela inkqubo yokulinganisa iikhemikhali ngokuzenzekelayo. La maqonga asebenzisa ukujonga i-viscosity yolwelo lokubhoboza ngexesha langempela, edla ngokuqhutywa yiI-viscometer yokungcangcazela ye-HTHPukusetyenziswa, ukulungelelanisa rhoqo iidosi zokongeza ngokusekelwe kwiimeko eziguqukayo zomngxuma.
Ezi nkqubo zilandelayo:
- Gcoba idatha yesensor (ubuninzi, i-rheology, i-pH, ubushushu) kwaye usebenzise imodeli esekelwe kwifiziksi yolawulo lwezongezo zokulahleka kolwelo oluguquguqukayo.
- Xhasa ukusebenza kude, ngaphandle kwezandla, ukukhulula amaqela ukuze ajongwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngelixa ulawula ngokugqibeleleyo izongezo zokulahleka kolwelo xa kugrunjwa udaka.
- Nciphisa ukugqwala, ukwakheka kwezixhobo, ukulahleka kokujikeleza kwegazi, kunye nomonakalo wokwakheka kwazo, konke oku ngelixa kwandisa ubomi bezixhobo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusebenza kwazo.
Ukufakwa kweenkqubo zokufaka ezikrelekrele kubonise uphuculo olukhulu kwizisombululo zozinzo lwe-wellbore, iindleko zokungenelela ezinciphileyo, kunye nokusebenza kolwelo oluqhubekayo nakwiindawo ezinzulu kakhulu ze-HPHT. Njengoko imisebenzi yokumba ibeka phambili ulawulo oluqhutywa yidatha ngexesha langempela, ezi zisombululo ziya kuhlala zibalulekile kwixesha elizayo lokulawula ukulahleka kolwelo lodaka lokumba kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kokucoca.
Uzinzo lweWellbore kunye noThintelo lokuwa
Ukuwa kweWellbore ngumceli mngeni oqhubekayo ekubholeni imigodi enzulu kakhulu, ingakumbi apho iimeko zokubhoboza ngobushushu obuphezulu (HPHT) zikho. Ukuwa kudla ngokubangelwa kukugqithiswa kakhulu koomatshini, ukusebenzisana kweekhemikhali, okanye ukungalingani kobushushu phakathi kwewellbore kunye nokwakheka kwayo. Kwimigodi yeHPHT, ukusasazwa kwakhona koxinzelelo, uxinzelelo oluphezulu loqhagamshelwano oluvela kwiityhubhu ezingaphantsi komhlaba, kunye neziganeko zokulayisha ezidlulayo—ezifana nokwehla koxinzelelo ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba ipakethi ingasasebenzi—ziyandisa umngcipheko wokusilela kwesakhiwo. Ezi ngozi ziyanda kwiindawo ezikwidaka kunye nemigodi efikelela kude elunxwemeni, apho utshintsho lokusebenza lubangela utshintsho olukhulu loxinzelelo kunye nokungazinzi kwekhava.
Izizathu kunye neziphumo zokuwa kweWellbore kwiindawo zeHPHT
Izinto eziphambili ezibangela ukuwa kwiindawo ze-HPHT ziquka:
- Umthwalo Ogqithisileyo WeeMechanical:Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwindawo ethile, uxinzelelo lwemingxuma engalinganiyo, kunye neempawu zamatye antsonkothileyo zibangela umngeni kwi-wellbore. Ukudibana kweentambo zetyhubhu kuphakamisa uxinzelelo lwendawo ethile, ingakumbi ngexesha lokugrumba okanye ukukhubeka, okukhokelela ekulahlekelweni koxinzelelo lwe-annular kunye nokuguquka kodonga.
- Ukungazinzi kobushushu kunye neekhemikhali:Ukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza kweekhemikhali—njengokungena kodaka kunye nokufuma—kutshintsha amandla okwakheka kwaye kukhawulezise ukusilela. Iziphumo ezidibeneyo zinokubangela ukusilela kwekhabhathi okuxhomekeke kwixesha emva kweziganeko zokusebenza ezifana ne-packer unset.
- Iindlela zokusebenza:Amanqanaba akhawulezayo okungena kunye nemithwalo yesikhashana (umz., utshintsho olukhawulezileyo loxinzelelo) zenza kube nzima ukusasazwa kwakhona koxinzelelo, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu umngcipheko wokuwa kwiindawo ezinzulu, ezishushu.
Iziphumo zokuwa ziquka ukuvalwa kwemithombo okungacwangciswanga, iingxaki zemibhobho ebambekileyo, ukuphambuka okubiza kakhulu, kunye nokufakwa kwesamente okubuthathaka. Ukuwa kunokubangela ukulahleka kokujikeleza kwegazi, ukwahlulwa kweendawo ezingasebenzi kakuhle, kunye nokuncipha kwemveliso yedama.
Izisombululo Ezisebenzayo Zokuzinzisa I-Wellbore Ngexesha Lokugrumba Nokufaka I-Cementing
Amaqhinga okunciphisa le meko agxile ekulawuleni imeko-bume ebonakalayo kunye nokusebenzisana kweekhemikhali eludongeni lomngxuma. Izisombululo ziquka:
- Ubunjineli boLwelo lokubhola:Besebenzisa iipropati zolwelo lokubhola lwe-bentonite ezenzelwe iimeko ze-HPHT, abaqhubi balungisa uxinano lolwelo, i-rheology, kunye nokwakheka kwalo ukuze kuphuculwe inkxaso ye-wellbore. Ulawulo lwe-rheology lusebenzisa izongezo zolwelo lokubhola eziphambili-kuquka izongezo ze-polymer ezisekwe kwi-nanoparticle kunye nezisebenzayo-ziphucula i-mechanical bridging kunye ne-plugs microfractures, zithintela ukungenelela kokwakheka.
- Ulawulo Lokulahleka Kokuhluza:Ukuhlanganiswa kwezongezo zokulahleka kolwelo lodaka lokugrumba, ezifana nee-nanocomposite plug agents, kunciphisa ukungena kwamanzi kwaye kuzinzise umngxuma. Ezi arhente zenza izitywino eziguquguqukayo kwiiprofayili ezahlukeneyo zobushushu kunye noxinzelelo.
- Ukubeka esweni ukuxinana kwe-viscosity ngexesha langempela:Ukusetyenziswa kwe-HTHP viscometer vibrational kulwelo lokugrumba, kunye nokujonga i-viscosity yolwelo lokugrumba ngexesha langempela, kwenza kube lula ukulungelelanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuphendula kwimingeni yokusingqongileyo eguqukayo. Ubuchwepheshe benkqubo yokulinganisa iikhemikhali ngokuzenzekelayo buvumela ukulawulwa kweekhemikhali ngokuzenzekelayo ekugrumbeni, kugcina iipropati ezilungileyo zolwelo njengoko iimeko zitshintsha.
- Uyilo oluHlanganisiweyo lokuSebenza:Iimodeli zekhompyutha eziphambili—ezibandakanya i-multiphysics (umz., ukuvuza kwamanzi, ukufuthwa kwamanzi, ukusasazeka kobushushu, i-elasto-plastic mechanics), i-AI, kunye ne-reinforcement learning algorithms—zivumela ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kokuqulunqwa kolwelo kunye neeparamitha zokubhola. Ezi zicwangciso ziyalibazisa ukuqala kokungazinzi kwaye zibonelela ngezisombululo zozinzo oluguquguqukayo.
Xa kufakwa isamente, kusetyenziswa izithintelo zokungena kwamanzi aphantsi kunye nezongezo zokulawula ukuhluza kunye nee-arhente zokufaka iiplagi zoomatshini ukuqinisa iindonga ezibotshelelwe kakuhle ngaphambi kokufaka isamente. Le ndlela inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa okuqinileyo kweendawo kwimigodi enobushushu obuphezulu.
Ukusebenzisana kwezithintelo ezingaphantsi kohlaselo kunye namanyathelo okulawula ilahleko yokuhluza ephucukileyo
Iitekhnoloji zokuthintela ukuhlasela okuncinci kunye nezongezo zokulahlekelwa kukucoca ngoku zisebenza ngokubambisana ukunciphisa umonakalo wokwakheka nokuthintela ukuwohloka:
- Iteknoloji yoLwelo oluHlaselayo oluPhantsi kakhulu (i-ULIFT):Ulwelo lwe-ULIFT ludala izikhuselo eziguquguqukayo neziguquguqukayo, ezilawula ngempumelelo ukulahleka kokuhluza nakwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo olukhulu.
- Imizekelo yentsimi:Ukufakwa kwezicelo kwiCaspian Sea nakwiMonagas Field kubonise ukwehla okukhulu kokujikeleza kwegazi okulahlekileyo, ukwanda koxinzelelo lokuqala ukwaphuka, kunye nokuqina komgudu ngexesha lokugrumba kunye nokufaka isamente.
Ngokuguqula ulawulo lokuhluza udaka lokugrumba ngeenkqubo eziphambili zokujova iikhemikhali kunye nolawulo lwe-rheology oluphendulayo, abaqhubi bandisa ukuthembeka kwe-wellbore kwaye banciphise iingozi eziphambili ezinxulumene nokugrumba i-ultra deep well. Ukuthintela ukuwohloka kwe-wellbore okuqinileyo kufuna indlela epheleleyo—ukulinganisela ulawulo lomzimba, lwekhemikhali, kunye nolwemisebenzi ukuze kusebenze kakuhle i-HPHT.
Ukubeka iliso kwi-Viscosity yexesha langempela kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba
Uvavanyo lwe-viscometer oluqhelekileyo ludla ngokuxhomekeka kwi-viscometers ezijikelezayo okanye ezi-capillary, ezingasebenziyo ekubholeni ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu ngenxa yeendawo ezihambayo kunye nohlalutyo lwesampulu olulibazisekileyo. Ii-viscometers ezishukumayo ze-HTHP zenzelwe uvavanyo lwe-viscometer oluthe ngqo, olungaphakathi phantsi kweemeko ezidlula i-600°F kunye ne-40,000 psig. Ezi zilungiso zihlangabezana neemfuno ezizodwa zokuthintela ukulahleka kokuhluza kunye nokulawula i-rheology yodaka kwiindawo zokubhola ezinzulu kakhulu. Zidityaniswa ngokungenamthungo neeplatifomu ze-telemetry kunye ne-automation, zivumela ukujonga i-viscometers yolwelo lokubhola ngexesha langempela kunye nohlengahlengiso olukhawulezayo lokongeza ukulahleka kolwelo.
Iimpawu eziphambili kunye nemigaqo yokusebenza yeLonnmeter Vibrational Viscometer
I-viscometer yokudlidliza yeLonnmeter yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusebenza ngokuqhubekekayo phantsi kweemeko ze-HPHT.
- Uyilo lweSensor: I-Lonnmeter isebenzisa imo esekwe kukungcangcazela, enento evakalayo efakwe kulwelo lokubhola. Ukungabikho kweendawo ezihambayo ezivezwe kulwelo olurhabaxa kunciphisa ukugcinwa kwaye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqinileyo ngexesha lokufakwa ixesha elide.
- Umgaqo woLinganiselo: Le nkqubo ihlalutya iimpawu zokudambisa zento engcangcazelayo, ezihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuxinana kolwelo. Zonke izilinganiso zenziwa ngombane, zixhasa ukuthembeka kwedatha kunye nesantya esibalulekileyo ekulawuleni inkqubo yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokulawula inkqubo yokulinganisa iikhemikhali.
- Uluhlu Lokusebenza: Yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obubanzi kunye noxinzelelo, iLonnmeter inokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiimeko ezininzi zokubhola ezinzulu kakhulu, ixhasa izongezo zolwelo lokubhola eziphambili kunye neprofayili ye-rheological yexesha langempela.
- Ubuchule bokudibanisa: I-Lonnmeter iyahambelana ne-downhole telemetry, ivumela ukudluliselwa kwedatha kwangoko kubasebenzi bomphezulu. Le nkqubo inokudityaniswa ne-automation frameworks ukuxhasa ukulawulwa kweekhemikhali ngokuzenzekelayo kwiinkqubo zokumba, kubandakanya izongezo zolwelo lokumba ze-bentonite kunye nezisombululo zozinzo lwe-wellbore.
Ukufakwa kweendawo zokusebenzela kubonakalise ukuqina kunye nokuchaneka kweLonnmeter, kunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo umngcipheko wokulawula ukuhluzwa kodaka ebhobhini kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kwimisebenzi yokubhobhini ngobushushu obuphezulu. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, jongaIsishwankathelo seLonnmeter Vibrational Viscometer.
Iingenelo zeViscometers zokuVibrational ngaphezu kweendlela zokulinganisa zemveli
Ii-viscometer ezishukumayo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezicacileyo nezifanelekileyo kwintsimi:
- Ukulinganisa okuphakathi, ngexesha langempela: Ukuhamba kwedatha rhoqo ngaphandle kokuthatha isampuli ngesandla kuvumela izigqibo zokusebenza kwangoko, nto leyo ebalulekileyo kwimingeni yokumba imithombo enzulu kakhulu kunye nemingeni yokusingqongileyo engaphantsi komhlaba.
- Ukugcinwa OkuphantsiUkungabikho kweendawo ezihambayo kunciphisa ukuguguleka, ingakumbi okubaluleke kakhulu kumdaka orhabaxa okanye ogcwele iinxalenye.
- Ukunyamezela ingxolo eqhubekayo: Ezi zixhobo azinazo iintshukumo zokungcangcazela kunye nokuguquguquka kokuhamba kolwelo okuqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokugrumba ezisebenzayo.
- Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu: Iimodeli zokungcangcazela ziphatha ngokuthembekileyo uluhlu olubanzi lwe-viscosity kwaye azichaphazeleki yimilinganiselo emincinci yesampulu, ziphucula i-automatic chemical dosing kunye nolawulo lwe-mud rheology.
- Iququzelela ukuZenzekela kweNkqubo: Ukuhlanganiswa okulungeleyo kunye ne-automation yenkqubo yokulinganisa iikhemikhali kunye namaqonga ohlalutyo aphambili okuphucula izongezo zokulahleka kolwelo ekugrumbeni udaka.
Xa kuthelekiswa nee-viscometers ezijikelezayo, izisombululo ezishukumayo zibonelela ngokusebenza okuqinileyo phantsi kweemeko ze-HPHT kunye nokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kunye neendlela zokuthintela ukulahleka kokucoca. Izifundo zetyala kwi-clay slip kunye ne-drilling zibonisa ukuncipha kwexesha lokungasebenzi kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lokuhluza udaka lokubhola, zibeka ii-viscometers ezishukumayo njengezisombululo ezibalulekileyo zozinzo lwe-wellbore kwimisebenzi yanamhlanje yokubhola emanzini anzulu kunye namanzi anzulu kakhulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweNkqubo yokuLawula ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neeNkqubo zokuDosa iiKhemikhali
Ulawulo Oluzenzekelayo Lweempawu Zokubhola Ulwelo kusetyenziswa Impendulo Yesivamvo Sexesha Langempela
Iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela zisebenzisa ii-sensors eziphambili, ezifana nee-pipe viscometers kunye nee-rotational Couette viscometers, ukuze zihlale zivavanya iipropati zolwelo lokubhola, kubandakanya i-viscosity kunye ne-yield point. Ezi sensors zibamba idatha rhoqo, zivumela impendulo ekhawulezileyo kwiiparameter ezibalulekileyo zokubhola amanzi anzulu kakhulu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu (HPHT). Iinkqubo ze-pipe viscometer, ezidityaniswe nee-algorithms zokucubungula isignali ezifana nokubola kwemo ye-empirical, zinciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-pulsation—ingxaki eqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba—zibonelela ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo ye-rheology yolwelo lokubhola kwanaxa kukho ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokusebenza. Oku kubalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo lwe-wellbore kunye nokuthintela ukuwa ngexesha lokusebenza kokubhola.
Ukufakwa kwenkqubo yokubeka esweni ulwelo oluzenzekelayo (i-AFM) kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba babone kwaye basabele kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nokuwa kwe-barite, ukulahleka kolwelo, okanye ukutyibilika kwe-viscosity ngokukhawuleza kunovavanyo olusekelwe ngesandla okanye elebhu. Umzekelo, ukufundwa kwe-Marsh funnel, kunye neemodeli zezibalo, kunokubonelela ngovavanyo olukhawulezileyo lwe-viscosity oluxhasa izigqibo zabaqhubi. Kwimithombo yamanzi anzulu kunye ne-HPHT, ukubeka esweni okuzenzakalelayo ngexesha langempela kuye kunciphisa kakhulu ixesha elingasebenziyo kwaye kwathintela iziganeko zokungazinzi kwe-wellbore ngokuqinisekisa ukuba iipropati zolwelo lokumba zihlala zikwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
Iinkqubo zokuDosa iiKhemikhali eziValiweyo zeDynamic Additive Adjustment
Iinkqubo zokulinganisa iikhemikhali ezivaliweyo zizifaka ngokuzenzekelayo izongezo zokulahleka kolwelo kwidaka lokubhola, ii-rheology modifiers, okanye izongezo zolwelo lokubhola eziphambili ukuphendula impendulo yesensor. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa ii-nonlinear feedback loops okanye imithetho yokulawula okungafunekiyo, iikhemikhali zokulinganisa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yangoku yolwelo lokubhola. Umzekelo, isiganeko sokulahleka kolwelo esifunyenwe zii-sensor arrays sinokubangela ukufakwa kwee-arhente zokuthintela ukulahleka kokucoca, ezifana nezongezo zolwelo lokubhola ze-bentonite okanye izongezo zolwelo lokubhola ezishushu kakhulu, ukubuyisela ulawulo lokulahleka kolwelo kunye nokugcina ingqibelelo ye-wellbore.
Ukugcina iiParameters zeViscosity kunye neFluid Loss ezilungileyo ukuphucula ukhuseleko
Iinkqubo zokubeka esweni kunye nokulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo zisebenza kunye ukulawula i-rheology yodaka lokubhola kunye nokulawula ukulahleka kolwelo kwiindawo ezinzima zomngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba. Ukubeka esweni i-viscosity ngexesha langempela, kusetyenziswa iteknoloji ye-viscometer yokudlidliza ye-HTHP, kuqinisekisa ukuba iziqwenga zihlala zixhonyiwe kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-annular luyalawulwa, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa kwe-wellbore. Iinkqubo zokujova iikhemikhali ngokuzenzekelayo zokubhola zibonelela ngobuninzi obuchanekileyo bezongezo zokulahleka kolwelo kunye neearhente zokulawula i-rheology, zigcina ulawulo lokuhluza kwaye zithintela ukungena okungafunekiyo okanye ukulahleka kolwelo okukhulu.
Izongezo eziphuculweyo kunye noBuchule bokusingqongileyo
Izongezo ze-Bentonite Drilling Fluid eziPhambili zokubhola kakuhle kakhulu
Ukugrumba kwimingxuma enzulu kakhulu kuveza ulwelo kwimingeni enzima yokusingqongileyo okungaphantsi komhlaba, kubandakanya uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu (HPHT). Izongezo zolwelo lokugrumba ze-bentonite eziqhelekileyo zihlala ziwohloka, zibeka emngciphekweni wokuwa kwe-wellbore kunye nokulahleka kokujikeleza kwegazi. Izifundo zakutshanje zibonisa ixabiso lezongezo eziphambili ezifana ne-polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), ii-composites ezisekwe kwi-nanoclay, kunye nezinye iindlela ezisekwe kwi-bio. Ii-PNC zibonelela ngozinzo oluphezulu lobushushu kunye nolawulo lwe-rheology, ngakumbi ezibalulekileyo ekujongeni i-viscosity yolwelo lokugrumba ngexesha langempela ngeenkqubo ze-viscometer ze-HTHP vibrational. Umzekelo, i-Rhizophora spp. tannin-lignosulfonate (RTLS) ibonisa ukulahleka kolwelo kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kolwelo ngelixa igcina iiprofayili ezinobuhlobo nendalo, okwenza ukuba isebenze kulawulo oluzenzekelayo lweekhemikhali kwizisombululo zokugrumba kunye nozinzo lwe-wellbore.
Izongezo Ezinobuthathaka Kwindalo: Ukubola Kwezinto Eziphilayo kunye Nobunyulu Bendalo
Uzinzo kubunjineli bolwelo lokubhola luqhutywa kukusetyenziswa kwezongezo ezinobuzaza kokusingqongileyo nezibolayo. Iimveliso ezibolayo—kuquka umgubo weqokobhe lepeanut, i-RTLS, kunye neearhente ze-biopolymer ezifana ne-Gum Arabic kunye ne-sawdust—zithatha indawo yeekhemikhali zemveli nezinobuthi. Ezo zongezo zibonelela:
- Impembelelo ephantsi kokusingqongileyo, exhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho
- Iiprofayili zokubola kwezinto eziphilayo eziphuculweyo, zinciphisa umngcipheko wenkqubo yendalo emva kokugrumba
- Ulawulo lokulahleka kolwelo oluthelekisekayo okanye oluphezulu kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kokuhluzwa, ukuphucula i-rheology yokumba udaka kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo wokwakheka
Ukongeza, izongezo ezikrelekrele ezibolayo ziyasabela kwizinto ezibangela imingxuma engaphantsi komhlaba (umz., ubushushu, i-pH), ziguqula iipropati zolwelo ukuze zilungelelanise ulawulo lokuhluza udaka lokubhola kunye nokugcina ubuqotho be-wellbore. Imizekelo efana ne-potassium sorbate, i-citrate, kunye ne-bicarbonate ibonelela ngokuthintela i-shale okusebenzayo kunye nokunciphisa ubuthi.
Ii-nano-composites ze-Biopolymer, xa zijongwa kwaye zifakwa idosi kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezenzekelayo kunye nokujonga i-viscosity ngexesha langempela, ziphucula ngakumbi ukhuseleko lokusebenza kwaye zinciphise umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo. Izifundo zovavanyo kunye nomzekelo zihlala zifumanisa ukuba izongezo ze-eco eziyilwe kakuhle ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kobugcisa ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukubola kwe-biodegradation, nokuba phantsi kweemeko ze-HPHT. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izongezo zolwelo lokubhola eziphambili ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kunye nezokusingqongileyo zokubhola imigodi enzulu kakhulu.
Amanyathelo Okuthintela Ukuvuza Nokuqhekeka Kweentlungu
Imiqobo Engangeni Kakhulu Kulawulo Lokuvuza KweeNtlanzi
Ukugrumba imithombo enzulu kakhulu kujongana nemingeni emikhulu yokusingqongileyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinengcinezelo eyahlukeneyo kunye nodongwe olusabelayo. Imiqobo yokungena kancinci yenza isisombululo esiphambili sokunciphisa ukungena kolwelo lokugrumba kunye nokuthintela ukudluliselwa koxinzelelo kwiindawo ezibuthathaka.
- Iteknoloji yoLwelo oluHlaselayo oluPhantsi kakhulu (i-ULIFT):Ulwelo lwe-ULIFT luquka izixhobo zokukhusela eziguquguqukayo ngaphakathi kodaka lokugrumba, nto leyo ethintela ngokwasemzimbeni ukungena kolwelo kunye nokudluliselwa kwefiltrate. Le teknoloji iphumelele kakhulu kwiMonagas Field, eVenezuela, ivumela ukugrumba kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphantsi kunye nomonakalo omncinci wokwakheka kunye nokuphuculwa kozinzo lwe-wellbore. Iifomyula ze-ULIFT ziyahambelana neenkqubo ezisekelwe emanzini, ezisekelwe kwi-oyile, kunye nezokwenziwa, zibonelela ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimisebenzi yokugrumba yanamhlanje.
- Izinto ezintsha zeNanomaterial:Iimveliso ezifana neBaraHib® Nano kunye neBaraSeal™-957 zisebenzisa ii-nanoparticles ukuvala ii-micro- kunye nee-nanopores kunye nokuqhekeka ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zelitye lodongwe kunye ne-shale. Ezi zixhobo zixhuma iindlela ezincinci njengee-microns ezingama-20, zivelisa ilahleko encinci kunye nokuphucula imisebenzi ye-casing. Izithintelo ezisekelwe kwi-nanotech zibonise ukusebenza okuphezulu kwizakhiwo ezisabela kakhulu, ezinzulu kakhulu, zithintela ukuvuza kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kunezixhobo eziqhelekileyo.
- Ulwelo Lokugrumba Olusekelwe kwiBentonite:Iimpawu zokudumba kunye ne-colloidal zeBentonite zinceda ekusekeni ikhekhe lodaka elingangeni kakhulu. Le minerali yendalo ivala imingxunya yemibhobho kwaye yenze isihluzo esibonakalayo ecaleni kwe-wellbore, inciphisa ukungena kolwelo, iphucula ukumiswa kwe-cuttings, kwaye ixhasa uzinzo lwe-wellbore. I-Bentonite ihlala iyinxalenye ephambili yodaka lokugrumba olusekelwe emanzini ukulawula ukuvuza kwamanzi.
Izongezo zokutywina ii-Fractures ezibangelwa ziingceba kunye nezisele zikhona
Ukuvalwa kwamathambo kubalulekile kwiindawo zokubhola ezinzulu kakhulu nezinobushushu obuphezulu, apho ukwaphuka okubangelwayo, okwendalo, kunye nokwangaphambili kusongela ukuqina kwemisipha.
- Izongezo zeResin eziKhusela ubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu:Iipolymers ezenziwe ngokwenziwa ezenzelwe ukumelana nobunzima obuphezulu bokusebenza zigcwalisa ii-microfractures kunye nee-macro-fractures ngokufanayo. Ukubeka ubungakanani bee-particle ngokuchanekileyo kwandisa amandla azo okuxhuma, kunye nee-resin plugs ezinamanqanaba amaninzi ezisebenza kakuhle ngokuchasene nokuqhekeka okukodwa kunye nokuqhekeka okuhlanganisiweyo kwiindawo zelebhu nakwiindawo zasentsimini.
- Izitywini zeWellbore:Iimveliso ezikhethekileyo ezifana neBaraSeal™-957 target microfractures (20–150 µm) kwiishale ezibuthathaka. Ezi zongezo zibambelela kwiindlela zokuqhekeka, zinciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwaye zinegalelo elikhulu kuzinzo lwe-wellbore iyonke.
- Iiteknoloji zoQinisekiso oluSekelwe kwiGel:Iijeli ezidityanisiweyo ezisekelwe kwioyile, kuquka neefomyula ezinegrisi yenkunkuma kunye ne-epoxy resin, zenzelwe ukuvala ii-fractures ezinkulu. Amandla azo aphezulu okuxinwa kunye namaxesha okutyeba anokulungiswa anika izivalo eziqinileyo, nokuba zingcoliswe ngamanzi okwakheka—zilungele iimeko zokuvuza okukhulu.
- Ukuphuculwa kweeParticles kunye neProppant:Izinto zokubopha okwethutyana eziqinileyo, amasuntswana e-elastic, kunye nee-plug agents ezisekelwe kwi-calcite zilungelelaniswe ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo bokwaphuka ngokusebenzisa uyilo lovavanyo lwe-orthogonal kunye nemodeli yezibalo. Uhlalutyo lokusasazwa kobungakanani be-laser particle luvumela ukulungiswa ngokuchanekileyo, okwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuthwala uxinzelelo kunye nokudibanisa kolwelo lokubhola kwiindawo eziqhekekileyo.
Iindlela zokongeza izinto ezibangela ukulahleka kolwelo ekuthinteleni ukulahleka kokucoca
Izongezo zokulahleka kolwelo xa kugrunjwa udaka zibaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukulahleka kokuhluzwa kwiimeko zokugrunjwa ngobushushu obuphezulu. Indima yazo ibalulekile ekugcineni iipropati zolwelo lokugrunjwa kwe-bentonite, i-rheology yodaka, kunye nozinzo lwe-wellbore iyonke.
- Ulwelo olupheleleyo lweMagnesium Bromide:Ezi fluids zenziwe ngendlela eyiyo zigcina iipropati ze-rheological kwi-HPHT drilling, zixhasa ukuqinisa i-samente ngempumelelo kwaye zinciphise ukungena kolwelo kwiindawo ezinobuthathaka.
- Ulwelo Lokugrumba Oluphuculweyo Lwezinto Ezisetyenziswa Ngayo Izinto Ezifanayo:Ii-nanoparticles ezizinzileyo kubushushu kunye nee-lignites eziguqulwe ngokwendalo zilawula ulawulo lokulahleka kolwelo phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kunye namaqondo obushushu. Izithintelo ezintsha ezakhiwe ngendlela entsha zidlula iipolymers zemveli kunye nee-lignites, zigcina iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo ze-viscosity kunye ne-filtration kwiimeko zokusebenza eziphezulu.
- Izongezo Ezichasene Nokunxitywa Ezisekelwe kwiPhosphorus:Ezi zongezo, kuquka i-ANAP, zi-chemisorb kwiindawo zentsimbi ngaphakathi komtya wokubhola, zenze ii-tribofilms ezinciphisa ukuguguleka koomatshini kwaye zixhasa uzinzo lwexesha elide lwe-wellbore—ingakumbi ezichaphazela ukuthintela ukuwohloka ngexesha lokubhola imigodi enzulu kakhulu.
Ukubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kunye nokulinganisa okuhlengahlengiswayo
Ukubeka esweni i-viscosity yolwelo lokubhola ngexesha langempela kunye neenkqubo zokujova iikhemikhali ezizenzekelayo zibaluleke ngakumbi ekulawuleni ukulahleka kolwelo lokubhola kwiindawo ezinzulu kakhulu ze-HPHT.
- Iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kulwelo olusekelwe kwi-FPGA:I-FlowPrecision kunye netekhnoloji efanayo zisebenzisa iinethiwekhi ze-neural kunye nee-hardware soft sensors ukulandelela rhoqo ukulahleka kolwelo ngexesha langempela. Ubungakanani bemigca kunye ne-edge computing zenza ukuba uqikelelo lokuhamba kwamanzi lukhawuleze kwaye luchaneke, oluxhasa iinkqubo zokuphendula ezenzekelayo.
- Ukufunda Ukuqinisa (RL) kwiDosi yoLwelo:Ii-algorithms ze-RL, ezifana nokufunda kwe-Q, zilungisa ngokuguquguqukayo amazinga okulinganisa okongeziweyo ngokuphendula impendulo eqhutywa yi-sensor, ziphucula ulawulo lolwelo phakathi kokungaqiniseki kokusebenza. Ukuzilawula kwenkqubo yokulinganisa iikhemikhali ezihambelanayo kuphucula kakhulu ukunciphisa ukulahleka kolwelo kunye nolawulo lokuhluza ngaphandle kwesidingo sokumodela inkqubo ngokucacileyo.
- Iindlela zokuFumanisa iiSensor ezininzi kunye neDatha:Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezinxitywayo, izinzwa ezifakwe ngaphakathi, kunye nezikhongozeli ezikrelekrele kuvumela ukulinganiswa okuqinileyo, ngexesha langempela kweempawu zolwelo lokubhola. Ukudibanisa iiseti zedatha ezahlukeneyo kwandisa ukuthembeka kokulinganisa, kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukulahleka kokuhluza kunye nolawulo oluzilungelelanisayo kwiimeko zokubhola ezinomngcipheko ophezulu.
Ngokudibanisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokuthintela ukuhlasela obungenazintsholongwane, iinkqubo zokongeza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, kunye nokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela, imisebenzi yokumba imithombo enzulu kakhulu ihlangabezana nemingeni enzima yokusingqongileyo okungaphantsi komhlaba—ukuqinisekisa ukuthintela ukudilika kwemithombo yamanzi, ulawulo lwe-rheology kunye ne-viscosity, kunye nokumba okuzinzileyo nokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi eziqinileyo.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngokusebenzisa ulwalathiso oludibeneyo kunye nemithetho
Ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kokumba imithombo enzulu kakhulu kufuna ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kokujonga i-viscosity ngexesha langempela, ulawulo lweekhemikhali oluzenzekelayo, kunye nolawulo oluphezulu lwezongezo. Ezi zinto ziphambili kwizisombululo ezisebenzayo zozinzo lwe-wellbore phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu (HPHT).
Ulwelo Lokugrumba lweBentonite
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Ukuhlanganiswa kweeTekhnoloji kunye neendlela
Ukubeka iliso kwi-Viscosity ngexesha langempela
Ii-viscometers ze-HTHP ezingcangcazelayo zisebenzisa i-vibration kunye ne-robust magnetic coupling ukubonelela ngengqiqo echanekileyo neqhubekayo kwi-rheology yodaka lokubhola, nokuba kwiindawo ezingaphaya kwama-40,000 psig kunye nama-600°F. Ezi sensors zilandelela ngokuthembekileyo ukuguquguquka kwe-viscosity okubangelwa bubushushu, uxinzelelo, ungcoliseko, kunye nomthamo weekhemikhali, nto leyo enika amandla abaqhubi ukuba balungise iipropati zolwelo lokubhola ngoko nangoko. Uvavanyo lwasentsimini luqinisekisa ukuba i-viscometer yokungcangcazela yolwelo lokubhola inokufanisa okanye idlule iindlela zendabuko zelebhu ngelixa isebenza kwimingxuma enzulu kakhulu, ngakumbi efanelekileyo kwiipropati zolwelo lokubhola lwe-bentonite kunye nemingeni yokusingqongileyo okungaphantsi komhlaba.
Iinkqubo zoLawulo oluZenzekelayo
I-automation evaliweyo idibanisa impendulo ye-sensor evela kwi-real-time drilling fluid viscosity monitoring kunye ne-smart chemical dosing system automation. Ezi nkqubo zilawula ngokuzenzekelayo izongezo ze-rheological—ukulungisa i-viscosity yodaka, uxinano, kunye nokuthambisa—ngokufaka izongezo zokulahleka kolwelo kwi-drilling udaka okanye izongezo zolwelo lokubhola eziphambili njengoko kufuneka. Amaqonga okufunda oomatshini anika amandla ulawulo oluhambelanayo, kusetyenziswa imithombo yedatha ephilayo ukuqikelela iindlela ze-viscosity kunye nokucebisa iimpendulo ze-dosing. Eli cebo linciphisa imiba yolawulo lokulahleka kolwelo lokubhola kwaye lixhasa iimpendulo eziguqukayo kutshintsho lokwakheka kunye nokuguguleka kwee-bit.
Ulawulo lokongeza kwi-Bentonite-Based Muds
Ukukhethwa kwezongezo ezintsonkothileyo kuqinisekisa ukuthintela ukulahleka kokuhluzwa kodaka lokugrumba kwaye kuxhasa ukuthintela ukuwohloka okuqhubekekayo kwe-wellbore. Izinto ezinobuhlobo nendalo ezifana ne-mandarin peel powder zigqwesile njenge-shale inhibitors, zinciphisa ukudumba kwe-pellet kunye nokulahleka kolwelo. Ii-Lignosulfonates kunye nezongezo ezisekelwe kwi-silicon ezivela kwinkunkuma yemizi-mveliso ziphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kwezongezo zolwelo lokugrumba i-bentonite, zibonelela ngeenzuzo kwi-rheology yodaka kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwedosi ngeenkqubo zokujova ngeekhemikhali ukuze kuhlawulwe iindleko zokulinganisela ukugrumba, ukuthobela indalo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kulawulo lwezongezo zolwelo lokugrumba olushushu kakhulu.
Uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo lokuSebenza kwi-HPHT Drilling
Ukuseka indlela yokusebenza ehambelanayo neemeko ze-HPHT kwakhelwe phezu kwezi teknoloji zidibeneyo:
Ukusasazwa kwee-HTHP Vibrational Viscometers:
- Beka izinzwa kumphezulu nangaphantsi, uqinisekise ukuba iindlela zolwelo ezibalulekileyo ziyagutyungelwa.
- Linganisa ngexesha, usebenzisa ii-algorithms ezikrelekrele zokunciphisa ingxolo yedatha kunye nohlalutyo lokubuyela umva.
Ukufunyanwa kwedatha kunye nokuModeli yeRheology:
- Qokelela idatha ye-rheological yexesha langempela, ucinga ngemingeni yendawo engaphantsi komhlaba.
- Sebenzisa ukufunda koomatshini ukuvelisa iimodeli zokuqikelela ukuziphatha kodaka kunye nezoyikiso zozinzo lwe-wellbore.
Ummiselo we-Closed-Loop kunye ne-Additive Dosing:
- Sebenzisa umgaqo weekhemikhali ozenzekelayo oqhutywa yi-sensor xa ugrumba ukuze ulungise izongezo zokulahleka kolwelo, ii-viscosifiers, kunye neziqinisi.
- Ukuphucula indlela yokubhola udaka olusebenzisa ngayo umbane kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokujikeleza kwegazi kusetyenziswa impendulo evela kwiinkqubo ze-viscometer.
Ulawulo lokongeza kunye noLawulo lokuhluza:
- Khetha kwaye wenze idosi yezithako zolwelo lokubhola olushushu kakhulu kunye nezinto zokuthintela ukulahleka kokuhluza ngokuzenzekelayo.
- Sebenzisa izongezo zokulahleka kolwelo olunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo xa kugrunjwa udaka, uhambelana neenjongo zomthetho nezokusebenza.
Ingxelo Edibeneyo kunye Nokuphucula:
- Iindlela zokusebenza zokubeka esweni rhoqo zibonelela ngeengxelo zokulungisa ezicacileyo nezilandelekayo.
- Nxibelelanisa idatha yokusebenza notshintsho lolwelo lokubhola ukuze kuxhaswe ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kokubeka esweni, ummiselo, kunye nolawulo lokongeza kubalulekile ekoyiseni imingeni ye-HPHT kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo, amaqhinga okongeza akrelekrele, kunye neenethiwekhi zesensor zexesha langempela zibonelela ngokuchanekileyo okufunekayo ukuze kusebenze kakuhle ekubholeni okunzulu kakhulu kwanamhlanje.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
1. Yintoni eyenza ukugrumba imithombo enzulu kakhulu kube nzima ngakumbi ekulawuleni ulwelo lokugrumba?
Ukugrumba imithombo enzulu kakhulu kuveza ulwelo kwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Amaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo kwimithombo ye-HPHT adlula kakhulu lawo ekugrumbeni okuqhelekileyo. Ezi meko zikhawulezisa ukuwohloka kolwelo, zandisa ukulahleka kokuhluzwa, kwaye zonyusa umngcipheko wokungazinzi kwemithombo. Udaka oluqhelekileyo lokugrumba lunokonakala ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza ulawulo lwe-rheology kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kolwelo kube nzima ngakumbi. Ukongeza, izixhobo zokulawula ukuvuza zihlala zisilela ukumelana noxinzelelo olukhulu lwe-HPHT, nto leyo enokubangela ukungenelela kolwelo okungalawulekiyo kunye nezingozi zokuwa. Iinkqubo zodaka ezikhethekileyo kunye nezongezo eziphambili ke ngoko ziyafuneka ukugcina ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwezi ndawo.
2. Izithako zolwelo lokubhola i-bentonite ziphucula njani ukusebenza kwimigodi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu neshushu kakhulu?
Izongezo zolwelo lokubhola iBentonite zinceda ukugcina i-viscosity kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kolwelo kwiindawo ze-HPHT. Iifomyula ze-bentonite eziphuculweyo, kubandakanya ii-nano-silica okanye iikhompawundi ezisekelwe kwi-bio ezifana ne-RTLS, zigcina i-rheology yolwelo izinzile phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu, zithintela ukulahleka kokuhluzwa okugqithisileyo kwaye zixhasa uzinzo lwe-wellbore. Izongezo ezifana ne-henna okanye i-hibiscus leaf extracts nazo zinegalelo kuzinzo lwe-viscosity kunye nolawulo oluphuculweyo lokuhluzwa, zibonelela ngezisombululo ezizinzileyo zokubhola ngobushushu obuphezulu. Ezi daka ze-bentonite ezilungisiweyo zivumela ukuthambisa okuthembekileyo kunye nokusikwa kwe-cuttings, kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuwa kwe-wellbore kwimithombo ye-HPHT.
3. Yintoni ukujonga i-viscosity ngexesha langempela kwaye kutheni kubalulekile?
Ukubeka iliso kwi-viscometer ngexesha langempela kusebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa eziqhubekayo, ezifana ne-HTHP okanye i-Lonnmeter vibrational viscometers, ukulinganisa iipropati zolwelo ngqo kwi-rig. Le ndlela isusa ukulibaziseka okunxulunyaniswa nokuthatha isampuli ngesandla kunye nohlalutyo. Ngokunikezela ngedatha echanekileyo, ezi nkqubo zivumela uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo kwisakhiwo sodaka lokubhola, ukuqinisekisa i-rheology efanelekileyo kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezifana ne-barite sag okanye ukulahleka kolwelo okuphezulu. Uphuculo ekusebenzeni kakuhle, ukunyaniseka okuphuculweyo kwe-wellbore, kunye nexesha elinciphileyo elingasebenziyo kuye kwaxelwa apho kusetyenziswa khona ukujonga i-rheological ngokuzenzekelayo.
4. Inkqubo yokulinganisa iikhemikhali enommiselo ozenzekelayo isebenza njani ngexesha lokugrumba?
Iinkqubo zokulinganisa iikhemikhali ngokuzenzekelayo zisebenzisa abalawuli bekhompyutha kunye nempendulo yenzwa ukulawula ikhemistri yolwelo lokubhola. Iisensa zexesha langempela zibika rhoqo iipropati zolwelo ezifana ne-viscosity kunye nesantya sokucoca. Inkqubo itolika ezi zimpawu kwaye ifaka izongezo (ezifana neearhente zokulahleka kolwelo okanye ii-rheology modifiers) ngamanani abaliweyo ukugcina iimpawu zolwelo ekujoliswe kuzo. Ulawulo oluvaliweyo lususa isidingo sokungenelela rhoqo ngesandla, luphucula ukuhambelana kolwelo, kwaye lwenza ukuba kube lula ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezitshintshayo zomngxuma. Iifreyimu eziphambili ezisebenzisa i-AI kunye ne-Industry 4.0 zidibanisa i-dosing kunye ne-automation yokubhola, zilawula ngokufanelekileyo iinkqubo zolwelo ezintsonkothileyo ngexesha le-HPHT okanye imisebenzi yokuqhekeka.
5. Izongezo zokulahlekelwa kukucoca zinceda njani ekuthinteleni ukuwohloka kwe-wellbore?
Izongezo zokulahlekelwa kukucoca zinciphisa ukungenelela kolwelo lokubhola ekwakhiweni ngokunceda ekudaleni iikeyiki ezibhityileyo neziqinileyo zesihluzo. Kwimigodi ye-HPHT, ii-nano-sealants (umz., i-nano-silica eneepolymers) okanye iikhompawundi eziphathwe nge-biomass zisebenza kakhulu—ziphucula ukuthembeka kwekeyiki yesihluzo kwaye zigcina ibhalansi yoxinzelelo eludongeni lomngxuma. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa kwemigodi ngokuzikhusela ekuwohlokeni koxinzelelo kunye nokukhukuliseka komzimba. Iziphumo zasemasimini ezivela kumasimi avuthiweyo naqhekekileyo ziqinisekisa indima yezi zongezo ziphambili ekuzinzeni kwemigodi ephucukileyo kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo kokubhola phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ze-HPHT.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-04-2025
