Ulawulo lwe-Viscosity kwi-Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery
Imveliso yeoyile eninzi ijongene nomceli mngeni ophambili—ukuxinana. Ukuqina okujiyileyo, okufana netha yeoyile enzima kuthintela ukuhamba kwayo kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi, kuthintela ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuya emigodini kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wokuvaleka kwemibhobho. Ukuxinana okuphezulu kuvela kwisakhiwo semolekyuli esintsonkothileyo seoyile, kunye nezinto ezifana ne-asphaltenes kunye ne-resin ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kwaneekhompawundi ezikhoyo kumanqanaba aphantsi zinokunyusa kakhulu ukuxinana ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nanoscale, okwenza ukuba ukuqikelela kunye nokulawula olu phawu kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye neendlela zokubuyisa ioyile.
Iindlela zokubuyisa ioyile eshushu—kuquka ukuhambisa umsinga oncediswa ngumphunga (SAGD), ukuvuselela umphunga nge-cyclic (CSS), kunye nokugcwala komphunga—zibaluleka kwiindawo zeoyile ezinzima. Ezi nkqubo zifaka umphunga ukuze kunyuswe ubushushu bereservoir, kuncitshiswe ukuxinana kweoyile, kwaye kukhuthazwe ukuhamba kwamanzi. Ukunciphisa ukuxinana okusebenzayo kunxulunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisa ioyile: njengoko umphunga ufudumeza ioyile, ukuxinana okuphantsi kuyivumela ukuba ihambe ngokukhululeka ngakumbi ukuya kwimithombo yemveliso, iphucula isivuno ngelixa inciphisa amandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukudibanisa umphunga kunye neearhente zeekhemikhali, ezifana nezinyibilikisi okanye ii-surfactants, kuyandisa le mpembelelo—kunciphisa ubungakanani bomphunga ofunekayo kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusetyenziswa komphunga.
Ukulawula i-viscosity akuchaphazeli nje kuphela amazinga emveliso yeoyile kodwa kukwaxhasa iinjongo zoqoqosho nezokusingqongileyo. Ukuphucula ukufakwa komphunga kwioyile enzima (ngokusebenzisa ubushushu obufanelekileyo, uxinzelelo, kunye namazinga okujova) kunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi yomoya oshushu. Iindlela eziphambili—ezifana nokufakwa kunye kwezinyibilikisi, okanye ukufakelwa kwe-wellhead nge-emulsifiers—zimele iindlela zokubuyisela ioyile eziphuculweyo ezenzelwe ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa komphunga kunye nokusebenza kokubuyisela.
Nje ukuba ioyile ifuduselwe, ukugcina ulwelo oluzinzileyo ngexesha lokuthuthwa ukuya kumphezulu nangamapayipi kuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Apha, inkqubo yokuhlanganisa ioyile iyasebenza, kusetyenziswa ii-emulsifiers ukuguqula ioyile enzima ene-viscous ibe yi-emulsions yeoyile emanzini. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvaleka kwemibhobho kwaye kuxhasa ukuhamba okuthe tye, okungaphazanyiswayo okufunekayo kwimveliso eqhubekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukufikelela kuzinzo olufanelekileyo ekuhambeni kweoyile ene-emulsified sisenzo sokulinganisela. Uzinzo oluphezulu lwe-emulsion, oluhlala luqhutywa yidosi ye-emulsifier eyenzelwe wena okanye ii-surfactants zendalo (umz., ii-asphaltenes, ii-fatty acids), kunciphisa kakhulu i-viscosity—ukuya kuthi ga kwi-88% kwizifundo ezilawulwayo—ngelixa kugcinwa uqinisekiso lokuhamba ixesha elide ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-48.
Kodwa iindlela ezifanayo zokuzinzisa eziphucula uthutho zinokwenza kube nzima iinkqubo zokwahlulwa kwe-oyile ukuba azilawulwa kakuhle. Ke ngoko, ulawulo lwe-viscosity kwimeko yokuphucula ukubuyiswa kweoyile akupheleli nje ekwenzeni ukuhamba kweoyile enzima—kuphathelele ukugcina umxube ngaphakathi kwefestile ekujoliswe kuyo yokunyibilika, ukuqinisekisa uthutho oluzinzileyo, ukuphepha ukungcola kwepayipi, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukuphucula inkqubo yemveliso ukuze isebenze kakuhle. Ukusebenzisana kwe-emulsification kunye ne-demulsification, kunye ne-viscosity ejongiwe kakuhle, yakha umqolo weenzuzo zanamhlanje zokujova umphunga weoyile enzima kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza.
Ukufakwa koMphunga kwi-Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery
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Ukubuyiselwa kobushushu beoyile enzima kunye nokulinganiselwa kwayo
Inkcazo kunye neZiseko zoBuyiselo lweOyile eshushu
Ukubuyiswa kweoyile eshushu yindlela yokuvuselelwa kweoyile ephuculweyo (EOR) eyenzelwe ukuvelisa ioyile enzima ngokufaka ubushushu kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ukuze kuncitshiswe ubuninzi beoyile. Iindlela eziphambili ziquka ukufakwa komphunga kwioyile enzima, apho amandla obushushu aqhekeza iihydrocarbons ezintsonkothileyo, ezinobunzima obuphezulu beemolekyuli, ezivumela ukuba zihambe ngokukhululeka ngakumbi. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ze-EOR ezishushu ziquka ukugcwala komphunga, ukuvuselelwa komphunga ojikelezayo (CSS), kunye nokukhupha umsinga oncediswa ngumphunga (SAGD). Inkqubo nganye ijolise ekuchaseni kwangaphakathi kweoyile ukuhamba kwaye isebenzisa ubushushu ukuhambisa iihydrocarbons ezibanjiweyo. Ukunciphisa ubuninzi beoyile ngumgaqo osisiseko—ubushushu buphazamisa iibhondi zemolekyuli, bunciphisa ukuqina, kwaye bunyusa ukuhamba kweoyile. Ezi ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zeoyile enzima apho imveliso ebandayo ingenakwenzeka ngenxa yobuninzi beoyile.
Ukujova ngomphunga kwi-oyile enzima: Iinjongo kunye nemiqobo yokusebenza
Ukufakwa komphunga kujoliswe ekunciphiseni i-oyile enzima, ukuphucula ukuhamba kwayo kunye nokwenza kube lula ukukhutshelwa kwayo. Umzekelo, ukukhukula komphunga kungenisa umphunga oqhubekayo kwindawo yokugcina amanzi, kususa ioyile ukuya kwimithombo yokuvelisa. I-CSS ijikeleza phakathi kokufakwa komphunga, isigaba sokuntywila, kunye nokuveliswa kweoyile, okuvumela ukufudumeza nokudibanisa okuphindaphindiweyo. I-SAGD isebenzisa imithombo ethe tyaba edibeneyo—umphunga ufakwa kwiqula eliphezulu, kwaye ioyile iqokelelwa kwelona lisezantsi, kusetyenziswa amandla adonsela phantsi ukuze kuncedwe ukuhamba kwamanzi.
Imida yokusebenza yokufakwa komphunga ibandakanya:
- Umgangatho woMphunga: Ukunciphisa i-viscosity ngempumelelo kunye nokuhambelana kweoyile kuxhomekeke ekugcineni umgangatho ophezulu womphunga (umlinganiselo womphunga kulwelo olukwimphunga).
- Izinga lokujova kunye noxinzelelo: Amanqanaba aphezulu omphunga okanye uxinzelelo lunokubangela ukujikeleza kweendlela, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhuhla, kunye nokwandisa iingozi zokusebenza.
- Indawo yokubeka iMithombo: Umgama ofanelekileyo uqinisekisa ukusasazwa kobushushu okufanayo—ukusondela kakhulu kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni bubushushu nasekuphazamisekeni; umgama omde kakhulu unokubangela ukubuyiselwa kweoyile ngendlela engasebenzi kakuhle.
- Ukungafani kweDama: Ukwahlulwahlulwa, ukwaphuka, kunye nokwahluka kokungena kwamanzi kudala ukusasazwa komphunga okungalinganiyo kunye neendawo ezishushu.
- Iinkxalabo Zokusingqongileyo Nokhuseleko: Iimfuno eziphezulu zamandla okuvelisa umphunga zibangela ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ kunye nemfuneko enkulu yamanzi. Izithintelo ziyafuneka ukuze kulawulwe ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nemisebenzi yoxinzelelo.
Ngokusebenza, ukulungisa izinto ezifana nomgangatho womphunga kwimithombo ephezulu nesezantsi, ukulungisa ubungakanani bokujova, kunye nokwenza ngcono ixesha lokufudumeza ngaphambi kokuba kusebenze kakuhle kubalulekile ukuze kusebenze kakuhle. Ukumisela imodeli yeproksi kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ezihambelanayo zinokuvavanya kwaye ziphucule iiparameter zokujova ngomphunga kwiindawo ezithile zokugcina amanzi, ukuqinisekisa ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi kwemveliso yeoyile kunye neendleko zokusebenza.
IiMetriki zoMsebenzi oPhambili: Ukusetyenziswa koMphunga, Ukusebenza kakuhle koBuyiselo lweOyile, Uzinzo lokuhamba kwamanzi
Iindlela ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zokulinganisa impumelelo yokubuyiselwa kweoyile yobushushu:
- Umlinganiselo woMphunga kwiOyile (SOR): I-SOR sisixa somphunga (ngesiqhelo kwiibhareli okanye kwiitoni) esifunekayo ukuvelisa ibhareli enye yeoyile. Amaxabiso aphantsi e-SOR abonisa ukusebenza ngcono kunye nokusetyenziswa kancinci komphunga. Umzekelo, iindlela eziphambili ezifana nokuveliswa komphunga ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokufakwa kwegesi yeflue kunye ne-flue zinokunyusa i-SOR ngaphantsi kwe-1.0, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye neendleko zokusebenza.
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela ioyile: Ukusebenza kakuhle kubhekisa kumlinganiselo weoyile ekhutshiweyo xa kuthelekiswa neoyile yokuqala ekhoyo. Ukulungiswa koyilo lwequla, iiparameter zomphunga, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezincediswa yi-surfactant okanye ezincediswa yi-catalyst kunokunyusa ukubuyiselwa kweoyile. Iziphumo zasentsimini nezelebhu ziqinisekisa ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kokubuyiselwa kweoyile ngeendlela ezifana nokukhukuliswa komphunga ophuculweyo, i-SAGD, kunye nezongezo zeekhemikhali ezinciphisa ngakumbi i-viscosity.
- Uzinzo lokuhamba kwamanzi: Ukuhamba rhoqo nokuzinzileyo kuzo zombini iipayipi zokugcina amanzi kunye nemveliso kubalulekile. Ubuninzi be-oyile, ukungazinzi kwamanzi kunye ne-oyile (njengoko kuthuthwa kwe-oyile-amanzi), okanye ukungazinzi kobushushu kunokubangela i-gradients yoxinzelelo kunye nokuvaleka kwepayipi. Ukufudumeza iipayipi, ukulawula amazinga okuhamba kwamanzi, kunye nokwenza ngcono iindlela zokudibanisa i-emulsification kunye ne-demulsification kubalulekile ukugcina ukuthuthwa kweoyile okuzinzileyo kwiipayipi.
Imizekelo ibonisa ukuba ukunyusa ubushushu bombhobho ukuya kuma-50 °C kuphucula ukuhamba kwamanzi kodwa kwandisa imfuno yamandla epompo, nto leyo efuna ukutshintshiselana phakathi kozinzo lokuhamba kwamanzi kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Okwangoku, ukulungiswa ngononophelo kwemilinganiselo yokusebenza—njengobuninzi, ukuxinana, kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi—kuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okusebenzayo ngaphandle kokuvaleka.
Ngokudibeneyo, ezi ziseko kunye nemida zichaza ukubuyiswa kweoyile yobushushu, zibonelela ngemilinganiselo yokuqhuba inkqubela phambili ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokubuyiswa kweoyile, ukwenziwa ngcono kokusetyenziswa komphunga, kunye nokugcina ukuthuthwa kolwelo okuzinzileyo kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yemveliso yeoyile enzima.
Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukuqina Kwengqondo Ngexesha Lokubuyiselwa Kobushushu
Uhlobo lweoyile enzima kunye neempawu zayo ezibonakalayo
Ioyile enzima ibonakalisa uburhabaxa obukhulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okwahlukileyo kweemolekyuli. Ukubakho kweenxalenye ezinkulu ze-asphaltenes, i-resins, kunye ne-waxes kuphakamisa uburhabaxa obungaphakathi. Ezi nxalenye zemolekyuli zinzima zenza uthungelwano olubanzi phakathi kweemolekyuli, zithintela ukuhambahamba kwaye zenze kube nzima ukuthutha kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela. Ukubola kwe-biogradation kwandisa uburhabaxa ngokutshintsha okanye ukwandisa uxinano lweentlobo zemolekyuli ezinjalo.
Ukuncipha kobungqindilili ekubuyiselweni kweoyile yobushushu kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubushushu. Xa kufakwe umphunga, ubushushu buphazamisa ukubophelela kwehydrogen kwaye buthathaka ukuhlanganiswa kweenethiwekhi ze-asphaltene-resin, kunciphisa ubungqindilili. Njengoko ubushushu bunyuka ukusuka kwi-20 °C ukuya kwi-80 °C okanye ngaphezulu, ukuncipha okukhulu kwe-viscosity kwenzeka. Umzekelo, ukunyuka kobushushu be-reservoir kusetyenziswa i-steam injection kudla ngokunciphisa ubungqindilili ngaphezu komyalelo wobukhulu kuzo zonke izicelo eziqhelekileyo zentsimi, okubangela ukuhamba kweoyile okusebenzayo ngakumbi kunye nokusebenza ngcono kokubuyiselwa kweoyile. Iimodeli zokuqikelela, kuquka ezo zisebenzisa ukufunda koomatshini okuphambili, zibonakalise ukuba zisebenza kakhulu ekudibaniseni ukwakheka kwe-molecular kunye nobushushu kunye notshintsho olulindelekileyo lwe-viscosity, okuvumela izigqibo zokusebenza ezichanekileyo ngakumbi.
Indima ye-Emulsification ekuncitshisweni kwe-Viscosity
Inkqubo yokuxuba ioyile isebenzisa ii-surfactants (ii-emulsifiers) ukwenza ii-emulsions zeoyile emanzini okanye zamanzi kwioyile, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa i-viscosity esebenzayo yeoyile enzima. Ii-surfactants zinciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-interfacial phakathi kweoyile namanzi, zivumela amanzi ukuba asasazeke abe yioyile njengamathontsi amancinci, ziphazamise ukwakheka kwe-asphaltene kunye ne-wax okubangela i-viscosity ephezulu.
Kwintloko yomthombo, ii-emulsifiers zifakwa kwimijelo eluhlaza. Ukusebenzisana okusondeleyo phakathi kwee-molecules ze-emulsifier kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kwioyile enzima kubangela ukwakheka ngokukhawuleza kwee-emulsions. Kwiimeko ezisebenzayo, iiklasi ze-amphoteric kunye ne-anionic surfactant—ezifana ne-sulfonates kunye ne-betaines—zisebenza kakhulu. Ezi arhente, xa zisetyenziswa kwintloko yomthombo njengenxalenye yemisebenzi yokubuyisela ioyile yobushushu, zinokufikelela kwizinga lokunciphisa i-emulsification kunye ne-viscosity ukuya kuthi ga kwi-75–85% kwii-crudes ezinzima.
Ukunciphisa i-viscosity ye-emulsification ye-Wellhead kunika iziphumo eziphambili zobugcisa:
- Inciphisa umngcipheko wokuvaleka kwemibhobho ngokugcina i-viscosity ephantsi kunye nokugeleza okuzinzileyo.
- Ivumela ukuhamba okuzinzileyo kwiinkqubo zokuqokelela nezokuthutha, ingakumbi xa ubushushu okanye uxinzelelo lutshintshatshintsha.
- Ivumela ukuba amaqondo obushushu okusebenza ngomphunga aphantsi kwaye kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa ngomphunga, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokubuyisela kunye neemfuno zamandla ngokubanzi.
Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri nolwentsimi luqinisekisa ukuba nge-emulsifier efanelekileyo, i-emulsion ephumayo ihlala izinzile nokuba phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zetyuwa okanye i-pH—ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso eqhubekayo evela kwimisebenzi yokubuyisela ubushushu.
Ukwenziwa ngcono kwedosi ye-Emulsifier
Ukukhethwa kwe-emulsifier kusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nokwakheka kweoyile, ubushushu, kunye nokuhambelana nokusingqongileyo. Ii-surfactants ezintsha ezisekelwe kwi-bio zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezongezelelweyo zokubuyiselwa kobushushu beoyile enzima okuzinzileyo.
Kukho ubudlelwane obuthe ngqo phakathi kwedosi nesiphumo: ukwandisa uxinano lwe-emulsifier ekuqaleni kukhuthaza ukunciphisa i-viscosity kunye nokuzinza kwe-emulsion. Nangona kunjalo, xa inqanaba elifanelekileyo lidluliwe, ukwanda ngakumbi kwemveliso kunciphisa imbuyekezo okanye iziphumo ezimbi ezifana nokugqwala okugqithisileyo, iindleko eziphezulu zokwahlukana, kunye nokungahlali kakuhle kwe-emulsion. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lubalulekile: ukungabi nadosi ininzi kubeka emngciphekweni ii-emulsions ezingazinzanga kunye nokwahlukana kwesigaba, ngelixa ukugqithisa kunokunyusa iindleko ze-surfactant kwaye kuchaphazele kakubi i-demulsification ngezantsi.
Ukuchonga idosi efanelekileyo kufezekiswa kusetyenziswa iimodeli ze-kinetic, ezidla ngokuba zezodidi lwesibini, ezinxulumanisa izinga le-emulsification kunye noxinzelelo lwe-emulsifier, ubushushu, kunye nokwakheka. Izinto ezibalulekileyo zokwenza ngcono ziquka umsebenzi we-interfacial, i-functional group chemistry, kunye nomlinganiselo we-oyile-water. Inkqubela phambili ekufundeni koomatshini kunye novavanyo lwe-rheological ivumela ukujonga kunye nokulungisa ngexesha langempela. Ukulinganisa i-conductivity, i-turbidity, kunye ne-viscosity ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kolu hlengahlengiso.
Idatha yovavanyo igxininisa ukuba "idosi ye-emulsifier idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulinganiseni ukunciphisa i-viscosity kunye nokuzinza kokuhamba kwamanzi". Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimi kuqinisekisa ukuba idosi enjalo ephuculweyo ayigcini nje ngokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela kodwa ikwaxhasa ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nokuphila kakuhle ngokwezoqoqosho.
I-Emulsion yeOyile enzima
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Impembelelo yeeParameters zeSteam
Iimpawu zomphunga zibalulekile kwiindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa i-viscosity yeoyile enzima. Ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nesantya sokujova zezona zinto ziphambili ezilawulayo.
- Ubushushu bomphunga:Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu (aqhele ukuba phakathi kwama-200–300 °C) aphazamisa ukusebenzisana kweemolekyuli ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ekhawulezisa ukunciphisa i-viscosity. Kwiimeko zomphunga ophantse ube yingozi, i-subcritical aquathermolysis okanye i-cracking ziqhekeza ngakumbi iimolekyuli ezintsonkothileyo, ngamanye amaxesha okubangela ukunciphisa i-viscosity ngokuhlengahlengisa iimolekyuli kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwegesi.
- Uxinzelelo lomphunga:Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-injection luphucula ukungena komphunga kunye nokudluliselwa kobushushu okufanayo ngaphakathi kwidama, luphucula ukufuduka kweoyile kwaye lunciphise umngcipheko wokulahleka kobushushu kunye nokujikeleza komjelo. Ukulungisa uxinzelelo phakathi komvelisi kunye nemigodi ye-injector kunokulungisa ukusasazwa komphunga kwaye kuthintele ukusasazeka kwangoko.
- Izinga lokujova:Amazinga okufaka umphunga asebenzayo, afana nalawo adlula i-700 bbl/ngosuku kwiinkqubo ze-SAGD, ahambelana ngokuthe ngqo nezinto eziphezulu zokubuyisa ioyile (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-52–53%). Amanqanaba angonelanga, ngokuchaseneyo, anciphisa ukutshayela nokusasazwa kobushushu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kube kuncinci.
Ukusetyenziswa komphunga kufuneka kuphuculwe ukuze kulinganiswe iindleko zokusebenza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisa ioyile. Iimodeli zohlalutyo kunye nokulinganisa—kuquka iipakethe zokulinganisa i-reservoir—zivumela abaqhubi ukuba bamisele umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womphunga-oyile (i-SOR) ukuze kuphume imveliso ephezulu. Ezi zibalo ziqwalasela iiprofayili ze-viscosity-temperature, i-steam enthalpy, kunye nokuhamba kolwelo ukuze kuphuculwe iishedyuli zokujova kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nepetroli.
Ukuphucula iiparameter zomphunga akwahlulwa kulawulo lwenkqubo iyonke ekubuyiseleni ubushushu beoyile enzima, ngakumbi kwiindlela ezifana nokukhupha umphunga oncediswa yi-steam (SAGD) kunye nokukhuthaza umphunga nge-cyclic (CSS). Xa zidityaniswe nokuphucula umthamo we-emulsifier kunye nokulinganisa i-viscosity ngexesha langempela, ezi ndlela zenza umqolo weendlela zokubuyisela ioyile eziphuculweyo kwimveliso yeoyile enzima yanamhlanje.
Iiteknoloji zokulinganisa ukuxinana kwexesha langempela
Imigaqo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa
Ekubuyiseleni ubushushu beoyile enzima,ii-viscometer ezikwi-inlinezibalulekile ekufezekiseni ulawulo oluchanekileyoinkqubo yokuxuba ioyilekunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisa ioyile. Ii-viscometers ezikwi-inline zilinganisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuhamba kunye nokuziphatha kokuguquguquka kwemixube enzima ye-oyile-emulsifier njengoko ihamba ngemibhobho kunye nezixhobo zokucubungula. Oku kwenza kube lula ukujonga ixesha langempela, ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokufuna isampuli ngesandla, okunokuthi kucothe kwaye kungameli iimeko zenkqubo ephilayo.
Enye yetekhnoloji esetyenziswa kakhulu yi-ultrasonic viscometer. Isebenza ngokuthumela amaza e-ultrasonic ngomxube we-oil-emulsifier kunye nokulinganisa ukusebenzisana kwamaza ne-medium—ibonelela ngokufundwa kwe-viscosity okuchanekileyo nokukhawulezayo nokuba phantsi kobushushu obuguquguqukayo kunye namazinga okuhamba. Umzekelo, iseli ye-ultrasonic ene-piezoelectric transducers inikezela ngokulinganisa i-viscosity ngokuchanekileyo kwimixube equlethe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40% yamanzi, ixhasa zombini ukujonga uzinzo lwe-emulsion kunye nokuphendula okukhawulezileyo, okuqhutywa yidatha ekuguqukeni kwenkqubo. Le ndlela ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwimisebenzi yokubuyisela ioyile yobushushu, apho i-viscosity iyahluka ngokuguquguqukayo ngobushushu kunye nedosi yeekhemikhali. Ukuchaneka kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo lale milinganiselo kuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo iindlela zokunciphisa i-viscosity yeoyile enzima, ukwenza ngcono iiparameter ezifana namazinga okujova ngomphunga kunye nedosi ye-emulsifier ukugcina ulwelo oluzinzileyo noluphakathi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa komphunga.
Ukubekwa kwesensor yinto ebalulekileyo. Ii-viscometers kunye nee-rheometers ezikwi-inline kufuneka zifakwe kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo:
- I-Wellhead: Ukulandelela iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo zokunciphisa i-viscosity ye-emulsification ye-wellhead.
- Amacandelo epayipi: Ukufumanisa utshintsho oluvela kwindawo ethile oluvela kwi-emulsifier dosing okanye kwi-gradients yobushushu.
- Iiyunithi zangaphambi nasemva kwenkqubo: Ukuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bahlole impembelelo yokufakwa komphunga okanye ezinye iindlela zokubuyisela ioyile eziphuculweyo.
Izakhelo zohlalutyo eziphucukileyo zisebenzisa imodeli yenkqubo kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokumisela indawo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-sensors zibonelela ngedatha enokusebenziseka apho ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kukhulu khona. Kwinethiwekhi zemibhobho ezijikelezayo okanye ezintsonkothileyo, ii-algorithms zokubeka ezisekwe kwigrafu ezilinganiswayo kunye nohlalutyo lwenkqubo olungelulo ulayini ziqinisekisa ukugubungela okubanzi kweprofayili ye-viscosity echanekileyo.
Nje ukuba ifunyenwe, idatha ye-viscosity idluliselwa rhoqo kwiinkqubo zolawulo ezifana ne-SCADA (Ulawulo loLawulo kunye nokuFumaneka kweDatha) kunye ne-APC (Ulawulo lweNkqubo oluPhambili). La maqonga ahlanganisa ulwazi oluvela kwiisensa ezikwi-inline, aludibanisa nezinto zolawulo lwemveliso kunye needathabheyisi zembali yeenkqubo. Iiprotokholi ezivulekileyo, kubandakanya i-OPC-UA kunye ne-RESTful APIs, zivumelanisa idatha kwiileya ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo, ziqinisekisa ukusasazwa okungenamthungo kunye nokubonakala kuyo yonke imisebenzi yasentsimini.
Ukufunyanwa kwedatha kunye neNgxelo yeNkqubo
Ukufunyanwa kwedatha ye-viscosity yexesha langempela kwenza isiseko sempendulo yenkqubo ekubuyiselweni kweoyile ephuculweyo yobushushu. Ngokudibanisa iziphumo zesensor ngokuthe ngqo neenkqubo zolawulo, abaqhubi banokulungisa iinguqu eziphambili zenkqubo ngexesha langempela.
Ulawulo oluvaliweyoamandla okusebenzisa imali eninziimilinganiselo ye-viscosityukwenza idosi ye-emulsifier ibe ngcono. Iinkqubo zokulawula ezikrelekrele—eziqala kwii-loops ze-PID eziqinileyo ukuya kwi-adaptive fuzzy logic kunye ne-hybrid architectures—ziguqula amazinga okufaka iikhemikhali ukugcina i-viscosity efanelekileyo yokuthutha imibhobho, ngelixa zithintela ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kweekhemikhali ezibizayo. Umzekelo, ukuba i-viscosity iyanda—ibonisa ukungoneli kwe-emulsification—abalawuli baya kunyusa ngokuzenzekelayo ukutya kwe-emulsifier; ukuba iwela ngaphantsi kwethagethi, idosi iyancitshiswa. Eli nqanaba lempendulo libaluleke kakhulu kwi-steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) kunye nokugcwala komphunga kwi-oyile enzima, apho ukulungiswa kokusetyenziswa komphunga kunye nokuzinza kwentloko yemithombo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwi-viscosity kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuvaleka kwemibhobho. Ioyile ene-viscosity ephezulu okanye i-emulsions engazinzile inokubangela ukumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi, okwandisa umngcipheko wokufumba kunye nokuvaleka. Ngokugcina iprofayili ye-viscosity ehlaziyiweyo kuyo yonke inkqubo yemveliso, ii-alamu okanye amanyathelo okunciphisa ngokuzenzekelayo anokuqaliswa xa kusondela imida. Ukuhlanganiswa ne-SCADA kunye neengcali zembali yenkqubo kwenza kube lula uhlalutyo lwexesha elide—oludibanisa iindlela ze-viscosity neziganeko zokuvaleka, ukusebenza kwe-steam injection, okanye ukuqala kwemingeni ye-demulsification.
Kwimimandla yokubuyisela ubushushu, amaqonga okudibanisa idatha aphambili aqinisekisa ukuba ukufundwa kwe-viscosity akuzona iimetrikhi ezizodwa kodwa zidityaniswe nesantya sokuhamba, ubushushu, kunye nedatha yoxinzelelo. Oku kuvumela uhlengahlengiso oluqikelelwayo lwemodeli—njengokulungiswa kwe-dynamic steam injection okanye ukulungiswa kwenkqubo ye-demulsification—okuqhuba ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela ioyile kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo.
Imizekelo yokwenziwa ngcono okusebenziseka kwimpendulo:
- Ukuba ii-viscometer ezikwi-inline zibona i-viscosity spike ngexesha lokufakwa kwe-steam, inkqubo inokunyusa i-emulsifier dosing okanye ilungise iiparameter zomphunga, igcine ioyile enzima ngaphakathi kweempawu zokuhamba okujoliswe kuzo.
- Ukuba izinzwa ezisezantsi zibonisa ukuncipha kwe-viscosity emva kotshintsho lokusebenza, iikhemikhali zokususa i-mulsification zinokuncitshiswa, zinciphise iindleko ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza kokwahlulwahlulwa.
- Uhlalutyo oludibeneyo lwembali-mbali ludibanisa uhambo lwe-viscosity kunye neengxelo zolondolozo ukuze kuchongwe iingxaki zepompo okanye zenkqubo.
Le ndlela yexesha langempela, eqhutywa yimpendulo ixhasa zombini ukuthintela ngokukhawuleza imiba yokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwamanzi—njengokuvaleka kwemibhobho—kunye nokuphucula ixesha elide ukubuyiselwa kobushushu beoyile enzima. Ilungelelanisa amanyathelo okusebenza neemfuno zenkqubo ukugcina imveliso yeoyile esebenzayo, ethembekileyo, nengabizi kakhulu.
Amaqhinga Okuphucula Inkqubo Yokufaka I-Emulsification
Ukuqinisekiswa Kokuhamba Komoya kunye Nokuthintela Ukuvaleka Kwendlela
Ukugcina ukuguquguquka okuzinzileyo kwee-emulsion zeoyile enzima kwimibhobho nakwiindawo zokungenisa amanzi kubalulekile ukuze kubuyiselwe kakuhle ioyile yobushushu. I-emulsification iguqula ioyile enzima ethambileyo ibe lulwelo oluthuthwayo, kodwa uzinzo kufuneka lulawulwe ngononophelo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvaleka. Ukunyuka kokuqina okubangelwa kukutshintsha kobushushu, umthamo ongalunganga we-emulsifier, okanye umlinganiselo wamanzi-oyile ongalindelwanga kunokukhokelela ngokukhawuleza kwizigaba ezifana nejeli kunye nokuyeka ukuhamba kwamanzi, ngakumbi ngexesha lokufakwa komphunga kwioyile enzima.
Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhamba kwamanzi kubandakanya amaqhinga okuthintela kunye namaqhinga okuphendula:
- Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwi-viscosity: Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ngexesha langempela, ezifana nee-viscometer ze-kinematic capillary ezizenzekelayo ezidityaniswe nombono wekhompyutha, zibonelela ngempendulo ye-viscometer kwangoko. Ezi nkqubo zibona ukuphambuka kwangoko nje ukuba kwenzeke, zivumela abaqhubi ukuba bangenelele—ukulungisa ubushushu, amazinga okuhamba, okanye ubuninzi be-emulsifier ukuthintela ukwakheka kwezithintelo okanye iidiphozithi ze-wax.
- Uhlengahlengiso lweNkqubo eKhawulezayo: Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha yesenzwa neenkqubo zolawulo kuvumela utshintsho oluzenzekelayo okanye oluqondiswe ngumsebenzisi kwiiparameter zenkqubo. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukunyusa idosi ye-surfactant ukuba kufunyenwe ukunyuka kwe-viscosity okanye ukutshintsha iimeko zokujova ngomphunga ukuze kuzinziswe i-emulsion rheology.
- Ukungenelela Ngokwendalo kunye nokuFudumeza imibhobhoKweminye imisebenzi, ukufudumeza imibhobho ngqo okanye ukufudumala kombane kongeza iindlela zeekhemikhali zokubuyisela ukugeleza okwethutyana, ingakumbi ngexesha leendawo ezibandayo okanye ukuvalwa kwezixhobo okungalindelekanga.
Indlela eneenkcukacha ezininzi edibanisa idatha ye-viscosity yexesha langempela kunye nokungenelela okuguquguqukayo kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwamanzi kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-emulsification yeoyile.
Ukulinganisela Ukusebenza Kakuhle Kokubuyisela Ioyile kunye Nokusetyenziswa Komphunga
Ukufikelela kwibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisa ioyile kunye nokusetyenziswa komphunga kubalulekile ekubuyiseleni ubushushu beoyile enzima ngempumelelo. Ukunciphisa i-viscosity nge-emulsification ye-wellhead kuvumela ioyile enzima ukuba ihambe ngokukhululeka ngakumbi kwaye kuvumela ukusasazeka nzulu komphunga ngaphakathi kwamachibi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-emulsifier kunokudala i-emulsions ezizinzileyo kakhulu, kwenze kube nzima ukwahlulahlula kamva kwaye kunyuse iindleko zokusebenza.
Izinto eziphambili zokwenza ngcono ziquka:
- Ulawulo lweViscosity lweXesha langempela: Ukusebenzisa idatha yenkqubo ephilayo ukugcina i-viscosity ngaphakathi koluhlu olujoliswe kulo—iphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukugcina amandla okwahlukana, kodwa iphantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuze imveliso iphakanyiswe kwaye ithuthwe ngokufanelekileyo. Imodeli ye-proxy kunye novavanyo lwasentsimini ziqinisekisile inzuzo yokulungisa idosi ye-emulsifier ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze ivumelane notshintsho kubushushu kunye namazinga emveliso.
- Ukwenziwa ngcono kwedosi ye-Emulsifier: Izifundo zelebhu kunye namatyala asentsimini axhasa ukuba idosi echanekileyo ye-emulsifier inciphisa umthamo womphunga ofunekayo wokubuyisela ioyile yobushushu kunye nonyango lweekhemikhali emva kokubuyiselwa. Ukongezwa okujoliswe kuko kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-surfactant okungeyomfuneko, kunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo wokusingqongileyo ngelixa kwandisa isivuno seoyile esinzima.
- I-Steam-Solvent Co-Injection: Ukongeza inaliti yomphunga ngezinyibilikisi ezifanelekileyo kunciphisa ngakumbi ukuxinana kweoyile enzima kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhuhla. Amatyala asemasimini, afana nalawo asemasimini eoyile ekhabhoni, abonakalise ukwehla kokusetyenziswa komphunga kunye nokuphuculwa kokuphuma kweoyile—okudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo kunye nenzuzo yokusebenza kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Imeko engumzekelo: Kwintsimi yeoyile enzima evuthiweyo, abaqhubi basebenzise i-viscometry yexesha langempela kunye nolawulo oluguquguqukayo lwe-emulsifier injection ukugcina rhoqo i-emulsion viscosity phakathi kwama-200 nama-320 mPa·s. Ngenxa yoko, amazinga okufakwa komphunga ehle nge-8–12%, kungekho lahleko ekubuyiselweni kweoyile.
Ukuhlanganiswa neenkqubo zokususa i-mulsification
Ukuveliswa kweoyile enzima ngempumelelo kufuna ukulawula ukwakheka kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-emulsions emva koko ukuze kwahlulwe ioyile namanzi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-emulsions ukuze kuhambeke kunye ne-demulsification ukuze kucutshungulwe kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.
Amanyathelo olawulo oludibeneyo:
- Ukulungelelanisa i-Emulsification kunye ne-Demulsification: Iprofayili yeekhemikhali zee-emulsifiers ezisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-viscosity inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-demulsifier ngezantsi. Ukukhetha ngononophelo kunye nokwenza ngcono idosi—ii-emulsifiers ezinokuthi kamva zingasebenzi okanye zisuswe ziikhemikhali ze-demulsification—zenza kube lula ukwahlukana kweoyile namanzi emva kokubuyiselwa.
- Iindlela eziPhambili zokususa i-mulsification: Ubuchwepheshe obutsha obufana nee-nanoparticles eziphendulayo, ii-synergistic demulsifier blends (umz., iphakheji ye-BDTXI), kunye ne-specialized mechanical separators (izixhobo ezi-double spherical tangent) zonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nesantya sokwahlulwa kwamanzi. Umzekelo, ii-nanoparticles ze-TiO₂ zifikelele kwi-90% demulsification efficiency kwizilingo ezidibeneyo zakutshanje; isixhobo se-demulsification esiyilwe kakuhle siphucule ukwahlulwa ngaphaya kweendlela eziqhelekileyo.
- Ulawulo loTshintsho oluCwangcisiweyo: Ukuhlanganiswa okusondeleyo kokubeka esweni i-viscosity kunye ne-emulsifiers ezenzekelayo kunye ne-demulsifiers kwenza abaqhubi bakwazi ukutshintsha ukusuka ekuphuculweni kokuhamba ukuya ekuhlukanisweni okuzinzileyo. Olu lungelelwaniso lugcina umbane ongcono kwaye lunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zenkqubo, ingakumbi kwiimeko zokunqunyulwa kwamanzi amaninzi okanye xa utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela yokuhamba kwamanzi lwenzeka ngexesha lokukhupha amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba okuncediswa ngumphunga.
Iinkqubo zokubuyisela ioyile enzima ezisebenza kakuhle zijonga iipropati ze-emulsion ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwexesha langempela kwaye zilungelelanise amanyathelo e-emulsification kunye ne-demulsification ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezitshintshayo zemveliso kunye nokwahlukana-ukuqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa kokuhamba kwamanzi okuqinileyo, ukulungiswa kokusetyenziswa komphunga, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela ioyile ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokubuyisela ioyile ephuculweyo yobushushu.
Impembelelo kwiMilinganiselo yoKusebenza kweMigca yeOyile kunye nokuBuyisa
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela ioyile
Ukulinganisa i-viscosity ngexesha langempela kunye neendlela ezichanekileyo zokunciphisa i-viscosity zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela i-oyile ekubuyiseleni ubushushu be-oyile enzima. I-viscosity ephezulu ye-oyile ithintela ukuhamba kolwelo kwaye inciphisa ubungakanani be-oyile enokubuyiselwa. Izifundo zasentsimini nezelebhu zibonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokunciphisa i-viscosity zamakhemikhali—ezifana ne-DG Reducer okanye i-silane-modified nanosilica (NRV)—kunokufikelela ekunciphiseni i-viscosity ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99% kwii-oyile ezinzima kakhulu, nokuba phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zamanzi. Idatha yokulinganisa yeminyaka elishumi ibonisa ukuba kwimithombo yamanzi amaninzi, amaqhinga okunciphisa i-viscosity aphuculweyo anokunyusa amazinga okubuyisela i-oyile aqokelelweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6.75%.
Iindlela zokukhukula eziphucukileyo, ngakumbi iViscosity Reduction Combination Flooding (V-RCF), i-merge polymers, i-surfactant emulsifiers, kunye ne-ultra-low interfacial tension agents ukugcina ukuhamba kakuhle kunye nokwahlukana kweoyile namanzi. Ukufakwa kwe-multi-slug kwizilingo zokukhukula zesanti kuqinisekisa ngakumbi ukusebenza kwezi ndlela, kubonisa ukufuduka kweoyile okukhulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokukhukula okuqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, iindawo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa ulawulo lwexesha langempela lwedosi ye-emulsifier kunye nokulinganisa okuqhubekayo kwe-viscosity ziyakwazi ngcono ukugcina ukuhamba kolwelo ekujoliswe kulo, okukhokelela kumazinga okukhukula azinzileyo, aqikelelekayo ngakumbi kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemveliso.
Ukonga ngeSteam kunye nokuNcitshiswa kweendleko
Eyona nto iphambili ebangela amandla kunye neendleko ekubuyiselweni kweoyile yobushushu kukusetyenziswa komphunga. Ukuphucula i-viscosity ngedatha yexesha langempela kunye nokungenelela kweekhemikhali okanye ngokomzimba okujoliswe kuko kunempembelelo enokulinganiselwa ekusetyenzisweni komphunga. Uvavanyo lwakutshanje lwe-SAGD kunye nemilinganiselo yelebhu ibonise ukuba ulawulo lwe-viscosity oluphuculweyo ngokusebenzisa i-emulsifier dosing elungiselelweyo okanye i-nano-chemical blends ephucukileyo inciphisa ngokuthe ngqo umlinganiselo womphunga-kwioyile—oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka umphunga omncinci kwi-barrel nganye yeoyile eveliswayo. Esi siphumo sihambelanayo: njengoko ulawulo lwe-viscosity luba ngokuchanekileyo kwaye lusebenza kakuhle, ukusetyenziswa komphunga kuncipha ngokufanelekileyo, kubonelela ngokonga iindleko zokusebenza kunye namandla.
Imizekelo yasentsimini ixela ukwehla okunokulinganiswa komthamo womphunga kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Kwimeko enye yokulinganisa, ukujova ngamanzi kuncitshiswe ngaphezulu kwe-2,000 m³ ngosuku ngokusebenzisa iiplagi zejeli ezinobumanzi obuphantsi ukulawula amanzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iindleko zokusebenza zinciphe kakhulu. Ukulinganiswa kwe-inline viscosity kuvumela uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo lokusebenza, ukunciphisa amandla achithekileyo ngenxa yokujova kakhulu kunye nokuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo.
Ukuphuculwa koBuchule boMbhobho kunye noLondolozo oluNciphisiweyo
Ukuvaleka kunye nokungaphumeleli kwemibhobho zezona zisongelo ziphambili ekuqhubekeni nokusebenza kwe-oyile, nto leyo eba mandundu ngakumbi yi-fluid viscosity engalawulekiyo kunye neenkqubo ze-emulsification ezingaguqukiyo. Ulawulo lwe-viscosity ngexesha langempela lunciphisa le mingcipheko. Iziphumo ezivela kuvavanyo lwakutshanje lwentsimi zibonisa ukuba ii-viscometers ezikwi-inline kunye ne-fiber-optic sensing ezisasazwayo zenza ukuba abaqhubi bakwazi ukugcina ulwelo ngaphakathi kweeparamitha ezifanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kokuvaleka kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo loomatshini kwimibhobho.
Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-electrorheology ezifana ne-AOT (Applied Oil Technology) azigcini nje ngokunciphisa i-oyile ethambileyo ngexesha lokuhamba kwepayipi—ngaloo ndlela zinyusa amandla okuhambisa amanzi kwaye zinciphise iindleko zamandla epompo—kodwa zikwaphucula impilo yepayipi iyonke ngokuthintela ukwakheka kwe-slug ethambileyo kakhulu. Inkqubela phambili ekukhetheni izinto zepayipi, njenge-PVC esebenza kakuhle eqinisekisiweyo yokubuyisela ioyile yobushushu, inciphisa ngakumbi iindleko zokugcina izinto ngokuxhathisa ukugqwala kunye nokuwohloka komzimba.
Ngokwemisebenzi, ukunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga, ukulungiswa okungxamisekileyo, kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kuthetha ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluphantsi lokugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa kweoyile okuzinzileyo nokuqikelelwayo. Olu phuculo oluqhutywa bubuchwephesha luxhasa ukufakwa komphunga okwenziwe ngcono, iinkqubo zokususa i-mulsification ezigudileyo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweendawo zeoyile ngokuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuzinzileyo nokulawulekayo ukusuka kwindawo yomthombo ukuya kwindawo yokucubungula.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
1. Yintoni indima yokulinganisa i-viscosity ekubuyiseleni ubushushu beoyile enzima?
Ukulinganisa i-viscosity ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukubuyiswa kobushushu beoyile enzima. Ngokuhlala ujonga i-viscosity kwindawo esezantsi nasezantsi komlambo, abaqhubi banokwenza ngokwezifiso i-steam injection, i-emulsifier dosage, kunye namazinga okuhamba. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ioyile ihlala ihamba ngokwaneleyo, kunciphisa iingozi zokuvaleka kwemibhobho. Ukulinganisa okunjalo kuxhasa amaqhinga okulungelelanisa ukufikelela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kokubuyiswa kweoyile kunye nolawulo oluphuculweyo lwenkqubo. Umzekelo, i-crude etyebileyo ene-viscosity ephezulu inokufuna i-steam injection enamandla ngakumbi ekuqaleni, ize yehle njengoko ulwelo luphucuka, kunciphisa inkunkuma yamandla kwaye kuthintelwe imiba yokusebenza.
2. Idosi ye-emulsifier ikuchaphazela njani ukunciphisa i-viscosity yeoyile enzima?
Umlinganiselo we-emulsifier ubaluleke kakhulu kwiindlela zokunciphisa i-oyile enzima. Amanqanaba e-emulsifier alinganiswe kakuhle anokunciphisa i-viscosity ukuya kuthi ga kwi-91.6% kwezinye izifundo, ingakumbi xa umlinganiselo wamanzi-kwi-oyile uphuculwe. Umlinganiselo ongonelanga unokukhokelela kwi-emulsification engaphelelanga kunye nokuhamba okungaphantsi komgangatho, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni ukuvaleka. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-emulsifier egqithisileyo inokubangela iingxaki zokwahlukana phantsi okanye iikhemikhali zenkunkuma. Inkqubela phambili yakutshanje ibandakanya ii-nano-emulsifiers ezifana nezinto ezisekwe kwi-graphene oxide, ezizinzisa ngakumbi ii-emulsions kwaye zonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokunciphisa kwiidosi eziphantsi kakhulu.
3. Ngaba ukuphucula i-steam injection kunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ekubuyiseleni ioyile yobushushu?
Ewe, ukuphucula i-steam injection—indlela ephambili kwiindlela ezifana ne-steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) kunye ne-cyclic steam stimulation (CSS)—kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza. Idatha ye-viscosity yexesha langempela ivumela amazinga achanekileyo e-steam injection kunye nolawulo oluphuculweyo lomgangatho we-steam. Umzekelo, izifundo zokulinganisa zifumanise ukuba ukulungisa umgangatho we-steam ukusuka kwi-0.6 ukuya kwi-0.8 kwanyusa ukubuyiselwa ukusuka kwi-43.58% ukuya kwi-46.16%, okuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwe-steam. Umphunga ogqithisileyo uchitha amandla kunye nemali yokusebenza, ngelixa umphunga onganeleyo uthintela ukuhamba kwe-oyile. Ukulungisa ezi parameters kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-steam, kuphucula umlinganiselo wokubuyisela i-oyile, kwaye kuthetha ukonga kakhulu iindleko.
4. Luluphi ulwalamano phakathi kweenkqubo ze-emulsification yeoyile kunye ne-demulsification?
Ukuxuba ioyile kunye nokususa i-mulsification ziinkqubo ezilandelelanayo nezixhomekeke kwimveliso yeoyile enzima. Ukuxuba ioyile kunye namanzi kwi-emulsion yeoyile emanzini ezinzileyo-kwenza ukunciphisa i-viscosity ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokuthuthwa okusebenzayo ngemibhobho. Ukususa i-mulsification, kusetyenziswa iikhemikhali okanye iinkqubo zomzimba, kuyafuneka kamva ukuze kwahlulwe ioyile namanzi, kubuyiselwe umgangatho wemveliso kwaye kuvunyelwe ukulahlwa kwamanzi okanye kusetyenziswe kwakhona. Ukulungelelaniswa okusebenzayo kuqinisekisa ukuphuma okuphezulu: ukuxuba ngokukhawuleza ukuze kubuyiselwe, kulandelwe kukususa i-mulsification okusebenzayo ngaphambi kokucocwa okanye ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukukhethwa kwe-emulsifier elungiselelweyo kunye neekhemikhali zokususa i-mulsification zibalulekile ekulinganiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye nemigangatho yemveliso.
5. Kutheni ukubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuvaleka kwemibhobho kwimisebenzi yeoli enzima?
Ukubeka iliso rhoqo, ngexesha langempela le-viscosity kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhamba kwamanzi kwiindawo zeoyile ezinzima. Impendulo ye-viscosity eguquguqukayo ivumela ukulungiswa kwangoko kweeparamitha zokusebenza—i-steam injection, ubushushu, kunye ne-emulsifier dosing—ukuthintela ioyile ekubeni nkulu kakhulu kwaye ihlale kwiipayipi. Ii-viscometer zepayipi kunye nee-inline digital sensors ngoku ziyakwazi ukuchaneka kokulinganisa okungaphezulu kwama-95%, zibonelela ngokubona ngokukhawuleza iindlela ezingathandekiyo. Ngokugcina ukutyibilika okufanelekileyo, abaqhubi banciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuvaleka kwemibhobho, ukuvalwa okungacwangciswanga, okanye ukulungiswa okubiza kakhulu. Idatha yexesha langempela ixhasa ukugcinwa kwangaphambili kunye nemveliso ezinzileyo, engaphazanyiswayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-06-2025
