Ukulinganisa ukuhamba komoya ngaphakathi kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo ekuthuthweni okukhuselekileyo nokuthobela imithetho kweekhemikhali eziyingozi ezifana ne-sulfuric acid kwiinqanawa zeekhemikhali. Inika idatha yokuhamba komoya ngexesha langempela, echanekileyo ukuthintela ukuzaliswa kakhulu, ukuchitheka kunye nongcoliseko olunqamlezileyo, ihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zomthetho kuquka imigangatho ye-IMO kunye ne-MARPOL, kwaye ivumela ukudluliselwa okuchanekileyo kokugcinwa. Iimitha zokuhamba komoya zeLonnmeter Coriolis zibonelela ngokuthembeka okungenakuthelekiswa nanto, zidibanisa ngokungenamthungo nokuzisebenzela kwebhodi yenqanawa ukunciphisa iimpazamo zabantu kunye neengozi zokusebenza.
Intshayelelo yoLawulo lweSulfuric Acid kwiZithuthi zaseLwandle
I-asidi ye-sulfuric yikhemikhali ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso, eqhuba iinkqubo ezinkulu ekuvelisweni kwezichumiso, ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali, ukucocwa kwepetroleum, kunye nokucutshungulwa kwesinyithi. Ukubaluleka kwayo kufikelela ekuvelisweni kweebhetri, unyango lwamanzi amdaka, kunye necandelo lempahla, okuqinisa isikhundla se-asidi ye-sulfuric njengenye yeekhemikhali zolwelo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu nezithuthwa kakhulu emhlabeni.
IiTanki zeKhemikhali
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Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezinamandla zokubola kunye nohlobo lwayo oluyingozi, iinqanawa zeetanki zamachiza zaselwandle zenziwe ngezinto ezinikezelweyo zokuthwala i-sulfuric acid ekhuselekileyo. Amatanki ahlala enziwe ngentsimbi engagqwali ene-alloy ephezulu okanye agqunywe nge-linings ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-titanium, ukuqinisekisa ukumelana nokuhlaselwa yi-asidi kunye nokuthobela imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe. Uyilo lwe-double-hull, ukukhupha umoya okuqinileyo, iinkqubo zokumpompa ezahlulwe ngokwahlukeneyo, kunye neenethiwekhi zokufudumeza/zokupholisa imithwalo zizinto ezisemgangathweni zoyilo eziphucula ukhuseleko lweetanki zamachiza kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza. Isakhelo solawulo se-International Maritime Organisation (IMO), kubandakanya ikhowudi ye-International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) kunye nezibonelelo ze-MARPOL, zifuna imigangatho ephezulu yoyilo lweetanki zamachiza zaselwandle, ubuchule babasebenzi, kunye nokulungiselela imeko kaxakeka.
Ukuthuthwa kwe-sulfuric acid elwandle kujongene nemingeni eyahlukeneyo eyahlukileyo. Ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kokugeleza kwe-sulfuric acid ngexesha lokulayisha, ukuthutha, kunye nokukhupha kubalulekile ukuthintela ukuzaliswa kakhulu, ukunciphisa iingozi zokuchitheka, kunye nokuqwalasela ukugcinwa kwemithwalo. Uhlobo lwe-sulfuric acid olurhabaxa kakhulu nolunamandla lufuna ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-marine flowmeter ephucukileyo—izixhobo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwemihla ngemihla azifanelekanga, njengoko zikhawuleza ziwohloke okanye zilahlekelwe kukulinganiswa. I-Coriolis mass flowmeter kunye nezinye ii-mass flowmeter zeekhemikhali zibonelela ngokusebenza okuqinileyo kwezi ndawo, zibonelela ngedatha yokuhamba kobunzima ngqo engachaphazeleki lutshintsho kubushushu, uxinano, okanye uxinaniso lwe-asidi.
Ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi elwandle kusebenza njengesiseko sezisombululo zanamhlanje zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi elwandle. Iimitha zokuhamba kwamanzi ze-sulfuric acid ezidityanisiweyo, ezifana neemitha zokuhamba kwamanzi eekhemikhali zaselwandle ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-coriolis flowmeter, zihlala zijonga kwaye zithumela idatha yokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi e-sulfuric acid ngexesha langempela kwizikhululo zolawulo lwemithwalo yenqanawa. Ezi nkqubo zixhasa ukujonga ukuhamba kwamanzi e-sulfuric acid ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kulandelelwe impahla, kufunyanwe ukuvuza, kunye nokwenza ngcono inkqubo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabaqhubi benqanawa kunye nokuthuthwa kwempahla yaselwandle okusebenzayo. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ezithembekileyo elwandle zivumela abaqhubi ukuba baqinisekise iibhalansi zokulayisha/zokukhulula kwaye bahlangabezane neembopheleleko zokunika ingxelo zomthetho ngelixa benciphisa iingozi zokuphatha.
Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-marine flowmeter esebenza kakhulu—ingakumbi izixhobo ezikwi-inline ezifana ne-Lonnmeter inline density meter okanye i-inline viscosity meter—yakha umaleko osisiseko wokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuthunyelwa kwee-tanker zamakhemikhali. Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid azixhasi kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa zikwaqinisa imigaqo yolawulo olupheleleyo lokhuseleko lwee-tanker zamakhemikhali zaselwandle ezifunekayo ekuphatheni iikhemikhali eziyingozi elwandle.
Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Omele Uziqwalasele KwiiTanki Zeekhemikhali Ezithutha I-Sulfuric Acid
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-sulfuric acid kwiinqanawa zeekhemikhali kufuna indibaniselwano eqinileyo yokwakhiwa kweetanki ezikhethekileyo, ukwahlulwahlulwa okuphambili, ukuphathwa kwemithwalo ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kweenkqubo zokhuseleko kunye nokulinganisa.
Ukwakhiwa kweTanki eKhethekileyo: Ulwakhiwo lwe-Double-Hull kunye neengubo ezimelana nokugqwala
Iinqanawa zanamhlanje zeekhemikhali zaselwandle ezithutha i-sulfuric acid zisebenzisa isakhiwo esineembumbulu ezimbini, nto leyo eyenza iileya ezimbini ezingangeni manzi ezahlula imithwalo kwindawo engqongileyo yaselwandle. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu iingozi zokusingqongileyo xa kwenzeka umonakalo wembumbulu yangaphandle—into ebalulekileyo ekuthuthweni kwempahla yaselwandle equka imithwalo enobungozi kakhulu.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zetanki kulawulwa yindlela ezirhabaxa ngayo i-sulfuric acid. Amatanki ahlala enziwe ngeentsimbi eziqinileyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana ne-316L kunye ne-904L, okanye i-titanium ukuze kuxhathiswe kakuhle. Apho intsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye i-titanium ingenakusebenza ngokwezoqoqosho, amatanki entsimbi ethambileyo akhuselwe ziingubo eziphucukileyo ezingamelani nokugqwala. Iingubo ze-vinyl ester eziqinisiweyo ngeglasi zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kunye nokungangeni kwamanzi amaninzi, nto leyo enika ukhuseleko olufikelela kwiminyaka elishumi kwizifundo zasentsimini.Iingubo zepolymer ezixutyiweyo, ukudibanisa iimolekyuli ze-organic kunye ne-inorganic, kucaciswa ngakumbi ukulinganisela ukuguquguquka kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali, ngakumbi ezixabisekileyo phantsi kweemeko zomthwalo onamandla. Iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa ziquka ukulungiswa komphezulu ngokuqhumisa okurhabaxa kunye neeparameter ezilawulwayo zokusingqongileyo ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela kunye nobude bexesha. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezi ngubo—ngokulinganisa ubukhulu, uvavanyo lweeholide, kunye novavanyo lokuntywiliselwa—kuthintela ukubola kwangaphambi kwexesha, ukuqhekeka kwentsimbi, okanye ukungaphumeleli kwe-liner eyingozi, zonke ezi zinto bezikhokelele kwiingozi ezinkulu zokusebenza kunye neendleko zokulungisa.
Iinkqubo Zokwahlukanisa kunye Nokuthintela Ungcoliseko Olunqamlezileyo
Iinkqubo zokwahlulwahlulwa okungqongqo zibalulekile kwimisebenzi yokuthutha impahla yaselwandle. Iitanki zemithwalo zahlulwe ngemibhobho ezimeleyo, iivalvu, kunye nolungiselelo lokungenisa umoya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanqanaba ahlukeneyo eekhemikhali, kuquka amandla ahlukeneyo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-sulfuric acid, azikwazi ukuxubana ngexesha lokuthunyelwa. Iinkqubo ze-ballast ezahlulwe ngokwahlukeneyo kunye nemigca yemithwalo ezimeleyo ngokupheleleyo yetanki nganye zithintela ukungcoliswa ngengozi okanye ukubuya kwamanzi, zigcina ubumsulwa beekhemikhali kunye neendawo zokuphatha ezikhuselekileyo.
Iinkqubo zokucoca iitanki eziphambili, ezisebenzisa amanzi ashushu aphezulu okanye izitshizi zeekhemikhali, zibalulekile emva kohambo ngalunye ukususa nayiphi na i-asidi eseleyo nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwetanki kwimithwalo elandelayo. Ukungaphumeleli kwiinkqubo zokwahlulahlula okanye zokucoca, ngaphambili, kukhokelele kwiimpembelelo eziyingozi zeekhemikhali kunye nemingeni emikhulu yokucoca.
Iinkqubo zokuPompa kunye nokuThunyelwa kweMithwalo kwiiNgcambu eziGcoba kakhulu
Iinkqubo zokumpompa ezikhethekileyo kwiinqanawa zamanzi ezithwala iikhemikhali zenzelwe ukumelana nokuvezwa ixesha elide kwimiphumo yokubola ye-sulfuric acid. Iimpompo zemithwalo, ezakhiwe ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo ene-alloy ephezulu okanye ezifakwe izinto ezidityanisiweyo, zenzelwe ukulawula imidiya enamandla ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo. Ezi mpompo zenza kube lula ukulayishwa kwemithwalo kunye nokuthuthwa kwayo ngexesha lemisebenzi yokuthunyelwa kwemithwalo yaselwandle.
Iipayipi zokudlulisa zenziwe ngeentsimbi ezingamelani nokugqwala okanye zikhuselwe ngee-linings ezidityanisiweyo. Iintambo zoqhagamshelo ezijikelezileyo zisebenzisa ii-gaskets ezixhathisayo kakhulu, ezifana ne-PTFE, ukugcina ukuthembeka kwenkqubo ngexesha lotshintsho. Zonke iintambo zoqhagamshelo, iivalvu, kunye neepayipi zijongwa rhoqo ukuba azivuzi okanye zigugile na.
Izixhobo zoKhuseleko eziPhambili kunye nokuHlanganisa neeNkqubo zoKulinganisa
Ukhuseleko lweenqanawa zekhemikhali luxhomekeke ekudityanisweni kweenkqubo zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubeka esweni kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko zemveli. Izinzwa zokufumanisa ukugcwala, iigeyiji zobushushu kunye noxinzelelo, kunye neenkqubo zokuvala ezingxamisekileyo zisemgangathweni. Ezi zincediswa ziimitha zokuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid kunye nezisombululo eziphambili zokulinganisa ukuhamba kolwandle ukuze zinike umlinganiselo wokuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid ngexesha langempela kunye nokubeka esweni ukuhamba kwayo kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokuphatha imithwalo.
I-Coriolis mass flowmeteItekhnoloji ye-r ikhethwa kakhulu kwimitha yokuhamba kwamanzi ekwibhodi ngenxa yokulinganisa kwayo ngokuthe ngqo nangokuchanekileyo ukuhamba kobunzima kunye noxinano—kubalulekile ekulandeleni amazinga okudluliselwa kwe-sulfuric acid kunye nokuqinisekisa ubungakanani bemithwalo. Iimitha zoxinano oluphakathi kunye ne-viscosity zeLonnmeter zinokudityaniswa kwiindawo eziphambili zokudluliselwa, zibonelela ngezakhelo ezongezelelweyo zokuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo kunye nokuthintela iziganeko. Ezi zixhobo zokulinganisa zivumela abaqhubi ukuba benze ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid okuqhubekayo ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yolawulo, bakhusele abasebenzi ngokusebenzisa i-alamu ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye baphuculei-flowmeter yenkqubo yeekhemikhaliidatha yokuhlawula kunye nolawulo lwempahla.
Uthungelwano olupheleleyo lokhuseleko lukwabandakanya iiyunithi zokufumanisa igesi, izixhobo zokuzikhusela zomntu ezikumgangatho ophezulu, amandla okucima umlilo azinzileyo naphathekayo, kunye neenkqubo zegesi ezingasebenziyo ukulwa nokukhululwa okanye ukusabela ngengozi. Ukuhlanganiswa kokubeka esweni ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nolawulo lobunjineli kunye neendlela zokuvala ngokukhawuleza kuqinisekisa ukunqongophala komngcipheko ngokukhawuleza, kugcinwa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye neenkqubo zendalo zaselwandle ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwe-sulfuric acid kwiinqanawa zamakhemikhali.
Itekhnoloji yokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kwiiTankers zeKhemikhali
Indima yeeMeter zeSulfuric Acid Flow
Ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid ngokuchanekileyo, okuqhubekayo, kunye nexesha langempela kubalulekile kukhuseleko lweenqanawa zeekhemikhali kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukudluliselwa kwe-sulfuric acid kwiinqanawa zeekhemikhali zaselwandle kufuna idosi echanekileyo kunye nokubekwa esweni ukuthintela ukugcwala, ukuvuza, okanye iimpendulo ezingalawulekiyo. Ukulawulwa gwenxa kunokubangela iingozi zokusingqongileyo okanye umonakalo obiza kakhulu kwiinkqubo zeenqanawa.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zemitha yokuhamba kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric kwiinqanawa zamachiza ziquka iimitha zokuhamba ezihamba kakuhle, iimitha zokuhamba ze-electromagnetic, kunye neemitha zokuhamba ze-Coriolis mass. Iimitha zokuhamba ezihamba kakuhle ziyasokola ngenxa ye-slurry okanye ii-viscous acids. Iimitha zokuhamba ze-electromagnetic zifuna ulwelo oluqhubayo kodwa zinokungabi nachaneko ngexesha lotshintsho lwepropathi phantsi kokunyuka kobushushu kwibhodi yenqanawa.
Ukubola okuphezulu kwe-sulfuric acid kuthintela kakhulu ubomi beemitha ezininzi eziqhelekileyo. Ukuxinana okuguqukayo, uxinano, kunye neempawu zokuhamba ezitshintshatshintshayo, izixhobo ezixinzelelweyo ezingalungiselelwanga ngokukodwa ezo zixhobo zinamandla. Ukunyakaza okungapheliyo kunye nokungcangcazela kwiinqanawa kufuna iimitha ezinamandla ezinokukwazi ukujonga ukuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid ngexesha langempela.
I-Coriolis Mass Flowmeter: Isisombululo Esikhethwayo
Ii-flowmeters zobunzima beCoriolis zisebenzisa isiphumo seCoriolis. Njengoko i-sulfuric acid idlula kwiityhubhu ze-sensor ezingcangcazelayo, ubunzima obuhambayo bubangela utshintsho lwesigaba kwi-tube vibration. Olu tshintsho lwesigaba luhambelana nesantya sokuhamba kobunzima. Ii-sensors ezifakiweyo zihlala zilandelela olu luhlu lwexesha ukuze zibonelele ngokufundwa kokuhamba kobunzima ngokuthe ngqo, ngaphandle kokuchaphazeleka kukutshintsha kwe-viscosity, uxinano, okanye ubushushu.
Ukulinganiswa kokuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid ngexesha langempela kukwanceda kubuchule be-Coriolis meter ye-multi-parameter. Ukuseta kwe-sensor efanayo kulinganisa ukuhamba kobunzima, uxinano, kunye nobushushu ngaxeshanye. Kwii-marine chemical tankers, oku kuthetha ukuba isixhobo esinye sinokuxhasa ukujonga ukuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid, ukujonga uxinzelelo, kunye nee-alamu zobushushu, konke oku kufakwe kwindawo enye.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izisombululo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi olwandle, iteknoloji yeCoriolis flowmeter iyakwazi ukumelana nemingeni ye-sulfuric acid. Apho iimitha ze-electromagnetic zinokukhohliswa kukutshintshatshintsha koxinano olukhawulezayo okanye zifune uhlengahlengiso, kwaye iimitha zokufuduka ezilungileyo zichaphazeleka kukuhlaselwa yi-asidi kunye nokungcoliswa, uyilo lweCoriolis luyagqwesa ngenxa yolwakhiwo lwazo oludibeneyo, olungashukumiyo kunye nendlela yokulinganisa ubunzima ngokuthe ngqo. Iimitha zeCoriolis zifuna ulondolozo oluncinci kwaye zibonisa ukumelana okunamandla nokungcoliswa okanye ukuvaleka.
Amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zibalulekile ukuze kuthembeke. Iimitha kufuneka zenziwe ngee-alloys ezimelana ne-asidi—izinto ezifana ne-tantalum okanye ezinye ii-alloys eziphezulu zibalulekile ukuze zimelane nokuvezwa kwe-sulfuric acid ixesha elide, ingakumbi phantsi kweemeko zothutho lolwandle. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwinqwelo ziyazuza ngokufakelwa ngononophelo okunciphisa ukungcangcazela nokuphelisa uxinzelelo oluvela kwintshukumo engaphakathi kwinqwelo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwi-automation ye-shipboard kuvumela i-Coriolis mass flowmeter ukuba ilawule i-asidi okanye i-dilution, inkxasoimisebenzi yokubeka imida, kwaye zigcine iirekhodi zedatha ukuze kuthotyelwe imithetho ekuhanjisweni kwempahla yaselwandle. Ezi mitha zikhethwe kwaye zifakwe ngokufanelekileyo zinciphisa kakhulu ukuphathwa ngesandla kunye nomngcipheko, zithatha indawo yeendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ze-radiometric kunye neendlela zoomatshini ngezisombululo ze-marine flowmeter ezichanekileyo ngakumbi kwiimfuno ze-flowmeter yenkqubo yeekhemikhali.
Iingenelo zeCoriolis mass flowmeters—ukuthembeka, ukuchaneka, idatha yeeparameter ezininzi, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokuhambelana ngokuzenzekelayo—zenza zibe lolona khetho lucacileyo lokuqala lokujonga ukuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid kwiinqanawa zamachiza. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwandisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza, kunciphisa ukugcinwa, kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kokhuseleko lweenqanawa zamachiza zaselwandle kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo.
Ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa kweeNkqubo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ezikwibhodi
Ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo kweemitha zokuhamba nge-asidi ye-sulfuric kubalulekile kukhuseleko lweenqanawa zamachiza, ukuchaneka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle, kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza. Itekhnoloji yemitha yokuhamba nge-Coriolis, ngokukodwa, yamkelwe ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokuchaneka kwayo ekulawuleni ulwelo olubolayo njenge-asidi ye-sulfuric.
Izikhokelo zoFakelo olufanelekileyo
Ukukhethwa kwezinto kubalulekile xa kufakwa iimitha zokuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid kwiinqanawa zeekhemikhali zaselwandle. Zonke iindawo ezimanzi ezivezwe kwi-asidi, ezifana neetyhubhu kunye namagumbi okulinganisa, kufuneka zisebenzise izinto ezimelana nokugqwala ezifana neHastelloy C-22, i-tantalum, okanye ii-PTFE liners ezisebenza kakuhle. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo yomgangatho oqhelekileyo ayifanelekanga kwi-sulfuric acid exineneyo, njengoko ibeka emngciphekweni wokonakala ngokukhawuleza.
Imitha kufuneka ifakwe apho ihlala igcwele ulwelo ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iimeko zokusebenza. Indawo inokuba ngokuthe tye okanye ngokuthe nkqo; ukufakelwa ngokuthe nkqo kudla ngokuphucula ukutsalwa kwamanzi, ngelixa ukufakwa ngokuthe tye kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo loomatshini. Ukhetho kufuneka luqwalasele uyilo oluthile lwenkqubo yokuthutha impahla yaselwandle kunye nezikhokelo zemveliso zeLonnmeter. Indawo kufuneka iphephe iindawo ezinokungcangcazela okuphezulu ezinganxulumananga nokuhamba kwenkqubo, njengoko ukungcangcazela kwemibhobho elahlekileyo kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kunye nobude bexesha lesensor.
Iipayipi ezikufutshane nazo kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-sulfuric acid, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa intsimbi efakwe nge-PTFE okanye ii-composites eziphambili ze-FRP. Iimitha zokuhamba akufuneki zifakwe kufutshane neendawo zokupompa okanye kwangoko emva kweevalvu, ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwimijelo eguquguqukayo enokuphazamisa ukulinganiswa kokuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid. Iibrakethi zenkxaso ezifanelekileyo kunye neendlela zokwahlukanisa iipayipi zinceda ukuthintela ukudluliselwa kokungcangcazela kunye nemithwalo yoomatshini ekuchaphazeleni imitha yokuhamba kobunzima ekusebenzeni kweekhemikhali.
Ulawulo lobushushu nalo lubalulekile; imitha kufuneka ichazwe kubushushu obuphezulu benkqubo obulindelekileyo ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla yaselwandle. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo kufuneka luhambelane okanye ludlule ukunyuka kwemibhobho—into ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko kwimisebenzi yeenqanawa zamachiza. Ukujongwa kwemitha yokuhamba kwamanzi kufuneka kuququzelele ukucocwa ngokupheleleyo kwamanzi kunye nokucoca, kuncitshiswe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-asidi okukhawulezisa ukugqwala.
Ukhuseleko lokuqhuma lubalulekile ngenxa yokuba iindawo zokuthutha iinqanawa zemithwalo kunye neekhemikhali ziyingozi. Iimitha zokuhamba zeCoriolis kufuneka zisebenzise izindlu ezithintela ukuqhuma okanye iingcingo ezikhuselekileyo ngokwaselwandle, ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yolwandle kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Iintambo zekhebula ezichasene neekhemikhali ziyafuneka, kunye nokuhanjiswa ngononophelo ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo ovela ekungcangcazelweni okanye ekubonakalisweni ziikhemikhali. Ukufakwa komhlaba ngokufanelekileyo kombane kunye nokubopha kususa ukwakheka okungashukumiyo—umngcipheko omkhulu ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwe-sulfuric acid, okuphucula ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi yeenqanawa zekhemikhali zaselwandle.
Zonke iimitha kufuneka zifakelwe ukuze kube lula ukufikelela kuzo. Oku kubalulekile ekuhlolweni rhoqo, ekucoceni, ekulinganisweni rhoqo, nasekulungisweni okungxamisekileyo. Izixhobo kufuneka zibe namazinga aphezulu okukhusela ukungena—ubuncinci be-IP66—ukuze zimelane nomoya ofumileyo, ogcwele ityuwa oqhelekileyo kwiindlela zokuthutha iimpahla zaselwandle.
Iindlela Zokugcina
Ukugcinwa rhoqo kweenkqubo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ezikwiinqanawa zeekhemikhali kwandisa ubomi bezixhobo kwaye kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elibizayo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kugxile kwiitywina ezinganyangekiyo ngamakhemikhali, ukucoca imitha ukuthintela ukwakheka kwe-asidi, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwazo zonke iintambo zombane nezoomatshini. Iitywina kunye neegaskets ezinganyangekiyo nge-asidi kufuneka zitshintshwe ngokweengcebiso zomenzi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iipropati ezirhabaxa ze-sulfuric acid.
Ukucoca rhoqo ngezisombululo ezihambelanayo kususa iintsalela ze-asidi, kuthintela ukuqokelelana kweediphozithi. Ii-meter holdings, ingakumbi kwitekhnoloji yeCoriolis, kufuneka zihlale zinjalo ukuze kugcinwe i-IP ratings. Izihlanganisi zepayipi eziguquguqukayo, xa zisetyenziswa, kufuneka zihlolwe ukuba azinazo na ii-brittle okanye ukuvuza. Iilog zolondolozo mazigcinwe ngokwemigaqo yokunika ingxelo kushishino lwaselwandle, zibhala phantsi yonke imisebenzi yenkonzo yokuhlolwa kokhuseleko kunye neemfuno zomshuwalense.
Iimpawu zokuxilongwa okukude kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili—ngoku zixhaphakileyo kwizisombululo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kolwandle—zinceda ekufumaneni iimpawu zesilumkiso kwangethuba zokushukuma kwenzwa okanye ukuvaleka okuncinci, okuvumela ucwangciso lokugcinwa ngaphambi kokuba kubekho ukusilela okubizayo okanye ukuphazamiseka.
Ukuhlolwa kweNkqubo eDibeneyo
Izisombululo zanamhlanje zokulinganisa ukuhamba kolwandle zihlala zinxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo neenkqubo zolawulo lweenqwelo-moya kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwemithwalo. Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo okudibeneyo akufanele kuvavanye kuphela imitha yokuhamba kodwa nendlela yonke yedatha. Kwiimitha zokuhamba kobunzima beLonnmeter, iinjineli zeenqanawa kufuneka ziqinisekise unxibelelwano oluhambelanayo neenkqubo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo ngokusebenzisa iiprotokholi ezixhaswayo.
Iimodeli zexesha zingaqhutywa: ukudluliselwa okungacacanga okanye ukujikeleza okulinganisiweyo kuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ye-flowmeter ihambelana namaxabiso alindelekileyo kwi-control console. Ukusebenza kwe-alamu, njengemida yokuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid ephezulu/ephantsi, kufuneka kuqaliswe kwaye kuhlolwe rhoqo. Ukudibanisa iimitha zokuhamba kunye nokuvalwa okungxamisekileyo kwebhodi yenqanawa kuphucula ngakumbi ukhuseleko lweenqanawa zamakhemikhali, okuvumela impendulo ekhawulezileyo ukuba ukufundwa okungaqhelekanga kubonisa ukuvuza okanye ukuqhekeka kwemigca.
Zonke iziganeko zokufakela, ukugcinwa, kunye nokulinganiswa kwezixhobo kufuneka zibhalwe kwiirekhodi ezisesikhepheni, ngemigangatho echazwe ziingcali zaselwandle. Amalungu eqela afuna uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo kungekuphela nje ekusebenzeni kwemitha, kodwa nasekuphatheni ukuchitheka okunokwenzeka kunye nokuphendula kwizilumkiso zenkqubo yokulinganisa ngaphakathi kwemigaqo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla yaselwandle.
Apha ngezantsi kukho umzobo weendlela ezilungileyo zokufakela, ukugcinwa rhoqo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo yeemitha zokuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid kwi-tanker yeekhemikhali:
Ukulinganisa Ukuhamba Kwexesha Langempela: Ukuphucula Ukhuseleko Nokuthobela
Ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric ngexesha langempela kubalulekile kukhuseleko kunye nokuthobela imithetho yeenqanawa zeekhemikhali. Kwiinqanawa zeekhemikhali, ingakumbi ngexesha lemisebenzi enobungozi obukhulu efana nokulayisha nokukhupha i-asidi ye-sulfuric, ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwidatha echanekileyo yokuhamba kuxhasa iinkqubo ezikhuselekileyo, ukufunyanwa okungaqhelekanga ngokukhawuleza, kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo lwempendulo. Iinkqubo ezifana neemitha zokuhamba kobunzima beCoriolis kunye neemitha zokuhamba zemagnethi zibonelela ngokufundwa okuqhubekayo, okuchanekileyo okuphezulu kokuhamba kobunzima kunye nomthamo, uxinano, kunye nobushushu, nokuba kukwiindawo zaselwandle ezifuna kakhulu. Ezi teknoloji zemitha yokuhamba kolwandle zihlanganiswe kwiinkqubo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze kubekho ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lweenqanawa zeekhemikhali kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo.
Ukwenziwa Kwezigqibo Zokusebenza Ngexesha Lokulayisha Nokukhulula
Idatha yokuhamba ngokukhawuleza ixhobisa abasebenzi ngomfanekiso ophilayo wobunzima kunye nomthamo odluliselweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukujonga ukuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid kuhambelana nezicwangciso zokusebenza. Ngokulandela amaxabiso exesha langempela, abaqhubi beenqanawa banokuthintela ukuzaliswa okungaphelelanga kunye nokugqithisileyo, banciphise iingozi kwisakhiwo senqanawa kwaye bathintele ukuchitheka okuyingozi. Ukufundwa kwemitha yokuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid ngexesha langempela kwandisa uxanduva lwemithwalo ehanjiswayo. Ukuba kukho ukuphambuka—njengokubaleka okuphezulu okanye okuphantsi ngokungalindelekanga—abaqhubi banokumisa imisebenzi ngoko nangoko, banciphise ixesha lokuphendula ukusuka kwimizuzu ukuya kwimizuzwana. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwemithwalo yaselwandle okanye ukuthuthwa kwemithwalo yaselwandle, apho nokuchitheka okuncinci kwe-sulfuric acid kunokuba nemiphumo emibi.
Ukubeka esweni kude kunye nokulumkisa nge-Anomaly kwangethuba
Idatha yokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ekwinqwelo iphuma ngqo kwiindawo zolawulo lweenqanawa kwaye inokuhlolwa kude ngamaqela aselunxwemeni. Xa izisombululo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi olwandle zibona iipatheni ezingaqhelekanga—ezifana nokuwa okubukhali (ukuvuza okunokwenzeka) okanye ukunyuka okungalawulekiyo (ukuqhekeka okanye umthwalo ongafanelekanga)—izilumkiso ezenzekelayo zazisa abasebenzi kunye nabaphathi. Ezinye iinqanawa zisebenzisa iideshibhodi ezibonakalayo kunye neealamu ezicwangcisiweyo ukuseta imida yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo. Ezi ndlela zibangela imiqondiso yesilumkiso kwangethuba, zinceda abasebenzi ukuba bahlukanise amacandelo, bavale iivalvu, okanye batshintshe imibhobho yemithwalo ngaphambi kokuba ingozi encinci inyuke. Ukubeka iliso ekuhambeni kwamanzi e-sulfuric acid kude kunciphisa isidingo sokuhlolwa ngesandla kwaye kunciphisa ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
Ulawulo lweNgxakeko oluxhaswa yiDatha eQhubekekayo
Iiprotokholi ezisebenzayo zengxakeko zixhomekeke ekufikeleleni ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kumlinganiselo wokuhamba kwexesha langempela. Idatha ephilayo evela kwiimitha zokuhamba kweekhemikhali, kuquka iimitha zokuhamba kweekhemikhali, zisebenza njengobungqina obuphambili bokufumana indawo yokuvuza kunye novavanyo lokuchitheka. Umzekelo, ukuba umbhobho uqhekekile ngexesha lokulayisha, umlinganiselo wokuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid oqhubekayo ubonisa ukwehla xa kuthelekiswa neziseko eziqhelekileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba itanki echaphazelekayo ihlukaniswe ngokukhawuleza, kusebenze iinkqubo zokuthintela, kwaye kuthunyelwe iirekhodi ezichanekileyo kubantu bokuqala abasabelayo kunye nabasemagunyeni. Itekhnoloji yemitha yokuhamba kweCoriolis, ebonisa ubuninzi bolwelo kunye nobushushu, inika ulwazi ngakumbi kuvavanyo lobungozi kunye namaqhinga okucoca ngokukhomba ungcoliseko lwemveliso okanye uhambo lobushushu.
Ukuhlangabezana neeMfuno zoLawulo zokuLandelela iMithwalo eNgozi
Imithetho eqinileyo yothutho lwaselwandle ifuna ukulandelelwa nokuxelwa kwengxelo yokuhamba kwezinto ezinobungozi. Imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye namagunya olwandle afuna iinkampani zokuthumela iinqanawa zamachiza ukuba zigcine iirekhodi ezichanekileyo, zexesha langempela zemisebenzi yokulayisha nokukhupha. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ezikwinqwelo, zisebenzisa ingxelo ekhawulezileyo evela kwi-magnetic kunye ne-Coriolis marine flowmeters, zenza iirekhodi zedijithali ezibonisa ukuthotyelwa ngexesha lokuhlolwa nokuphicothwa kweechweba. Ezi rekhodi—ziphelele ngamaxabiso anesitampu sexesha—zibalulekile ekuboniseni ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo, ukudluliselwa kokugcinwa, kunye nokusebenza okungenazivuthuluzo.
Uqeqesho oluqhubekayo lwabasebenzi kunye nokulungela ukuphendula
Ukugcina ukhuseleko lweenqanawa zaselwandle kuxhomekeke kubuchule babasebenzi abaneemitha zokuhamba ze-sulfuric acid kunye neenkqubo zedatha zexesha langempela. Uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo oluqhutywa ngesandla luqhelanisa abaqhubi nemiboniso yokufunda, ukutolika iipatheni zesilumkiso, kunye nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni (ii-SOP) ngokusekelwe kwiimpazamo zokuhamba. Iidrill zihlala zisebenzisa iimeko zokuvuza ezilinganisiweyo, apho ii-alamu zemitha yokuhamba zikhuthaza amanyathelo angxamisekileyo amanyathelo ngamanyathelo. Uphononongo lwasemva kwesenzo luqinisa iindlela ezilungileyo zokuvuma ii-alamu, ukuqinisa iivalvu, kunye nokwazisa iziphumo. Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo lunciphisa iimpazamo zabantu, luqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yemithwalo enobungozi, kwaye lugcina ukusebenza kokhuseleko lweenqanawa zamakhemikhali kuphezulu ngexesha ngalinye lesigaba sokuthuthwa kolwandle.
Iimbono zeSicelo: IiTanki zeeKhemikhali kunye nokuThuthwa kweeLwandle
Ukuthuthwa kolwandlei-asidi ye-sulfuricInika imingeni ekhethekileyo yokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko kwiinqanawa ezithwala iikhemikhali. Uhlobo lwe-H₂SO₄ olunokutsha kakhulu, kunye nokusingqongileyo okudingakalayo kolwandle, lufuna ukhetho oluqinileyo lobunjineli ukugcina ukuthembeka kwenqanawa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweenqanawa ezithwala iikhemikhali kuzo zonke iindlela zokuhambisa.
Iinqanawa zamanzi ezithwala i-sulfuric acid kufuneka zisebenzise iitanki zemithwalo ezikhethekileyo, imibhobho, kunye neendawo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukulawula iingozi zokugqwala kunye nokonakaliswa kwezinto. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zetanki kubalulekile: ngelixa iitanki zentsimbi yekhabhoni ezifakwe ngerabha zihlala zisetyenziswa ngenxa yezizathu zoqoqosho, uphando olongezelelweyo lubonisa iintsimbi ezi-duplex stainless kunye nee-alloys eziphezulu ze-nickel ukuze kuphuculwe ukumelana, ingakumbi apho ubuninzi be-asidi buyahluka okanye iimeko zokuhamba zizisa umngcipheko wokuxutywa. Uvavanyo oluphononongiweyo ngontanga luqinisekisa ukuba ubuninzi obuphakathi kunye nokungcola, ngakumbi ukungena kwamanzi olwandle okanye ii-chloride, kwandisa kakhulu ukugqwala kwendawo, nokuba ziintsimbi ezi-austenitic stainless kunye nee-linings ezisetyenziswa rhoqo.
Uhlengahlengiso lwemitha yokuhamba kwamanzi lubaluleke ngokulinganayo, njengoko ezi zixhobo zichatshazelwa kuxinzelelo olunzima lweekhemikhali nolwemishini njengeetanki kunye nemibhobho. Ukulinganiswa kokuhamba kwamanzi kwi-sulfuric acid ekwibhodi kufuna izixhobo ezihambelana ngokupheleleyo nolwelo olubolayo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo zenqanawa. Iimitha zokuhamba kwamanzi kwi-Coriolis kunye neemitha zoxinano oluphakathi, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, ziye zaba zizinto eziqhelekileyo zokujonga ukuhamba kwamanzi kwi-sulfuric acid ngenxa yoyilo lwazo olungaphazamisiyo, ukungabikho kweendawo ezihambayo, kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kwiindawo eziguquguqukayo okanye ezinomdla wokungcangcazela—imingeni edla ngokufunyanwa kwiinqanawa zamanzi ezithwala iikhemikhali. Ezi zixhobo zinokumelana nokunyuka koxinzelelo kunye nokutshintsha kokuhamba kwamanzi ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukuchaneka kokulinganisa, nangona inqanawa idibana namaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye neentshukumo ngexesha lokuhamba.
Iindlela kunye nokwahluka kwendalo kwenza imeko ibe nzima ngakumbi. Iinqanawa zamanzi ezithwala iikhemikhali zinokudlula kwiindawo ezinotshintsho olukhulu kumswakama, ubushushu obuphakathi, kunye nokuvezwa kwamanzi olwandle. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ezikwibhodi, ezifana neemitha zokuhamba kobunzima beekhemikhali kunye neemitha zoxinano oluphakathi, kufuneka zisebenze ngokuthembeka phantsi kwezi meko ziguqukayo, kubandakanya ukulayisha nokukhupha rhoqo kwiindawo zokungenisa amanzi, ukujikeleza ngobushushu, kunye nokuvezwa kwimithwalo enamandla. Idatha yexesha elide ibonisa ukuba uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo—ukusebenzisa izixhobo zemitha yokuhamba kwamanzi eziphambili, izindlu ze-elektroniki eziqinileyo, kunye nokufakelwa okukhuselweyo—kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokushukuma komlinganiselo okanye ukungaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo kwesensor.
Ukudityaniswa kwezisombululo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kolwandle ezisebenza kakuhle kunceda kwiingenelo zokusebenza kwexesha elide kuthutho lwempahla yaselwandle. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo ngokuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid kwiinqanawa zamachiza kuvelisa isilumkiso kwangethuba sokuvuza, iziganeko zokunyibilika ngengozi, okanye utshintsho olungalindelekanga ekugqibeleleni kwetanki, kunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo umngcipheko wokulahleka kwempahla okubizayo okanye iziganeko zokusingqongileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukusetyenziswa ngokucwangcisiweyo kweemitha zokuhamba ze-sulfuric acid eziqinileyo kunciphisa imithwalo yolondolozo, kunciphisa ukuguguleka okubangelwa kukugqwala, kwaye kuxhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho engqongqo yothutho lweekhemikhali zaselwandle.
Izixhobo zanamhlanje, ingakumbi i-inline density kunye ne-viscosity metres ezimelana nokugqwala ezivela kwiinkampani ezifana neLonnmeter, zixhasa ezi nzuzo zokusebenza ngokuvumela ukubonwa ngexesha langempela kweziganeko zokugqwala ezincinci kunye nokusilela kwenkqubo enkulu. Idatha evela kwizifundo eziphononongwe ngontanga igxininisa ukuba ukubekwa kweliso okunjalo kuvumela abaqhubi beenqanawa ukuba bajongane nokuvuza okuncinci okanye iindawo zokugqwala ngaphambi kokuba kunyuke, kunciphisa kakhulu ukuvela komonakalo omkhulu obonwe kwiingxelo zakutshanje zeengozi zaselwandle apho ukungena kwamanzi okungabonwanga kukhokelele ekuhlaselweni kwe-asidi ngokukhawuleza kwiitanki zentsimbi yekhabhoni.
Ekugqibeleni, ukukhethwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ezakhiwe ngenjongo, ezilinganiswe nolwandle—ezihambelana nemingeni ethile yeekhemikhali kunye neyomzimba yemithwalo ye-sulfuric acid—zidlala indima ephambili ekukhuseleni ukuthembeka kwemithwalo, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yeenqwelo zeenqanawa zeekhemikhali zehlabathi. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezixhobo zetanki ezikhethwe ngononophelo kunye nokujonga ukuhamba kwamanzi rhoqo enqanaweni kunciphisa umngcipheko wokugqwala, kuphucula ukhuseleko lwenqanawa, kwaye kuxhasa intshukumo yehlabathi engaphazanyiswayo yemithwalo yeekhemikhali eziyingozi.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
Yintoni i-sulfuric acid flow meter esetyenziselwa ii-chemical tankers?
Imitha yokuhamba kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric ibalulekile ekulinganisweni ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha langempela kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric ngexesha lokuthuthwa kolwandle. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kwiinqanawa zamachiza ziquka ukujonga ubungakanani kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwe-H₂SO₄ ngexesha lokuthuthwa kwempahla, njengokulayisha, ukukhupha impahla, kunye nokudluliselwa kwangaphakathi. Olu setyenziso lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lweenqanawa zamachiza ngokuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bathintele ukuzaliswa kakhulu, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuchitheka, kunye nokubonelela ngamaxwebhu okuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kwempahla. Ukubeka iliso ngokuhamba kwempahla ngaphakathi kwenza ukuba isampuli evaliweyo ikwazi ukuthathwa, nto leyo ethintela ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi kumsi onobungozi kwaye iqinisekise ukulandeleka kwiinkqubo zokuthunyelwa kweenqanawa zamachiza.
Kutheni ii-Coriolis mass flowmeters zikhethwa xa kulinganiswa i-sulfuric acid kwiindlela zolwandle?
Iimitha zokuhamba kobunzima beCoriolis zikhethwa kwiindawo zeenqanawa zeekhemikhali zaselwandle ngenxa yokuba ziyakwazi ukulinganisa ukuhamba kobunzima ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokuqina kwiimeko zokubola. Uyilo lwazo luvumela ukufundwa okuchanekileyo nokuzinzileyo kokuhamba kobunzima, uxinano lolwelo, kunye nobushushu nokuba utshintsho loxinzelelo okanye i-viscosity lunjani. Ukungabikho kweendawo ezihambayo zangaphakathi kunciphisa ukuchaphazeleka kwimiphumo yokubola ye-sulfuric acid—ingakumbi xa izinto ezimanzi zenziwe ngezinto ezifana neHastelloy okanye i-titanium. Oku kuthembeka kuthetha ukuba kukho ukujongwa kwemithwalo okuthembekileyo, ukulinganisa ukuhamba komoya okukhuselekileyo ebhodini, kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci kwindawo enzima yolwandle, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuyo yonke inkqubo yeemitha zokuhamba komoya.
Ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwinqanawa kuphucula njani ukhuseleko ngexesha lokuthuthwa kweekhemikhali elwandle?
Ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ngaphakathi ebhasini kubonelela ngexesha langempela, rhoqo, ukujonga ukuhamba kwamanzi nge-sulfuric acid, ukunika amandla abaqhubi ukuba babone ukuvuza, ukuvaleka okungaphelelanga, okanye amazinga okuhamba angaqhelekanga ngoko nangoko. Ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kwezi zinto zingaqhelekanga kuvumela ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa iingozi zokuchitheka kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi kwizinto eziyingozi. Iinkqubo ze-alamu ezidityaniswe nedatha yokuhamba kwamanzi zinceda ukuqalisa iinkqubo zongxamiseko, zixhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaye zinegalelo ekuthuthweni okukhuselekileyo kwempahla yaselwandle kwiinqanawa zamachiza. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezi zisombululo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi elwandle kunye nokuzisebenzela kwenqanawa kongeza olunye ungqimba lokhuseleko ngokunciphisa imfuneko yokuhlolwa ngesandla kunye nokuphucula amaxesha okuphendula kwiimeko zongxamiseko.
Ngaba ukugqwala kungachaphazela ukusebenza kweemitha zokuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid?
Ukugqwala ngumceli mngeni omkhulu kuyo nayiphi na imitha yokuhamba kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric ngenxa yobundlobongela be-H₂SO₄. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zanamhlanje zisebenzisa izinto ezimelana nokugqwala—ezifana ne-PTFE, i-PFA, i-Hastelloy, okanye i-titanium—kuzo zonke iindawo ezimanzi kunye neendawo zesensor. Olu khetho lwezixhobo luqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo, kwexesha elide nakwiindawo ezinobutshaba ze-asidi ezifumaneka kwiinkqubo zeenqanawa zaselwandle. Iimitha zokuhamba eziphambili zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukumelana noxinzelelo lweekhemikhali kunye noomatshini oludibana nabo ebhodini, ukunciphisa iimfuno zokugcinwa kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli okungalindelekanga. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokulinganiswa kuhlala kubalulekile ukugcina ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko.
Ngaba umlinganiselo wokuhamba kwexesha langempela uyimfuneko ekuthuthweni kweenqanawa zeekhemikhali?
Nangona imiyalelo yolawulo inokwahluka ngokwelizwe leflegi kunye nendlela yenqanawa, umkhwa ka-2024 sisincomo esinamandla—kwaye kwezinye iindawo, imfuneko—yokulinganisa ukuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid ngexesha langempela. Iindibano zamazwe ngamazwe, ezifana nezo zivela kwi-IMO kunye ne-MARPOL, zifuna ukujongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kweerekhodi zazo zonke iitransferensi zemithwalo eyingozi. Ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwenqanawa ngaphakathi kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kwaye kwenza ukuba kubekho impendulo ekhawulezileyo negqibeleleyo kwiziganeko ezingxamisekileyo ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwemithwalo yaselwandle. Abaqhubi beenqanawa zamachiza bayavumelana nale migangatho kungekuphela nje ngezizathu zomthetho kodwa nokukhusela iimpahla, abasebenzi, kunye nokusingqongileyo, ingakumbi xa bethutha izinto ezinobungozi ezifana ne-H₂SO₄.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-25-2025
