Kwimveliso yefayibha ye-viscose, ukugcina ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo lwe-digester kubalulekile kuzo zonke izigaba zenkqubo, ukusuka kwiindlela zokupheka i-cellulose ukuya kunyango lwe-alkaline cellulose. Ukulinganiswa koxinzelelo oluphakathi ngexesha langempela kuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo kwaye kuphucula ukhuseleko lokusebenza ngokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwe-digesters.
Ngexesha le-cellulose alkalization kunye noxinzelelo lwesisombululo se-NaOH kwi-viscose, ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngemithombo yedatha engaphazanyiswa. Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo okanye olunganelanga lunokutshintsha uxinzelelo lwe-NaOH, okukhokelela kwiidiphozithi zekristale ezithintela imigca yokugaya kwaye ziyeke ukuvelisa. Ngokunikezela ngokufundwa koxinzelelo kwangoko, ii-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters zinceda abaqhubi ukuba babone ukuphambuka kwangethuba, zinciphise ixesha lokungasebenzi elibizayo kwaye zixhase ulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-digester olukhusela ubomi bezixhobo.
Isityalo seefayibha zeKhemikhali
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Isishwankathelo seMveliso yeViscose Fiber: Iindawo zokuHamba kweNkqubo kunye noLawulo
Inkqubo yokuvelisa ifayibha ye-viscose inamanyathelo aliqela alandelelanayo, aqala kwiindlela zokupheka i-cellulose. Ekuqaleni, i-cellulose pulp—edla ngokuvela kwi-wood okanye kwi-cotton linter—ifakwa kwisisombululo se-sodium hydroxide. Eli nqanaba, elaziwa ngokuba yi-alkaline cellulose treatment, kulapho i-cellulose isabela khona ne-NaOH ukuze yenze i-alkali cellulose.uxinzelelo lwe-NaOHIsisombululo sokuvelisa i-viscose sibalulekile; iidosi ezingachanekanga zikhokelela ekutshintsheni kwendlela esebenza ngayo kunye nokufana kwamandla efayibha. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-sodium hydroxide luyaphambuka kuluhlu olufunekayo, i-cellulose alkalization ayihambelani, nto leyo ebangela iifayibha ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo zokuxinana.
Emva kwe-alkalization, le nkqubo itshintshela ekuhlanjweni—ukususa i-alkali egqithisileyo—kunye ne-xanthate, apho i-alkali cellulose isabela kunye ne-carbon disulfide ukwenza i-cellulose xanthate. Le intermediate inyibilikiswa kwi-dilute sodium hydroxide, ivelisa i-viscose dope, isisombululo esijikelezayo ekufuneka sihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo. Ngexesha la manyathelo okwenziwa kwefayibha ye-viscose, ulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-digester lubaluleke kakhulu. Uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo luzinzisa iimpendulo zeekhemikhali kwaye lugcina ukhuseleko lwenkqubo. Ulawulo lokungenisa umphunga ludlala indima ebalulekileyo—ukuhanjiswa komphunga okwaneleyo kucothisa iimpendulo ngelixa umphunga ogqithisileyo unokuphula izivalo, uphazamise ukuhambelana kwefayibha, kwaye unyuse iindleko zokusebenza.
Ukubeka iliso kukuhambelana kwesisombululo akubandakanyi nje kuphela ukulawula uxinano lwe-NaOH kwi-viscose, kodwa kukwajongana nemingcipheko ye-crystallization kunye nokuvaleka okuxhaphakileyo kwimveliso yefayibha. Ukwenziwa kwekristale kunokwenzeka ukuba amazinga obushushu, uxinano, okanye ukuhamba kwamanzi alawulwa kakubi, okuthintela imibhobho okanye izinto zangaphakathi ze-digester. Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwee-inline pressure transmitters kuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-digester luhlala lulandelwa. Iimitha zoxinano oluphakathi kunye neemitha ze-viscosity, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, zibonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela kwiiparameter zesisombululo—ezinceda ukuphucula ukuxuba, ukuchithwa, kunye neemeko zokujikeleza.
Iitransmitter ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neetransmitter zobushushu ziyancedisana nale suite yezixhobo, zifumanisa ukuphambuka okunokubonisa ukuvaleka okukhawulezileyo ekucutshungulweni kwe-viscose okanye kwimingcipheko yokukhululwa kwendalo. Imisebenzi yezityalo ikwagxila ekuvaleni izisombululo zokuthintela ukuguga kunye nokuvuza. Iitywina ezivezwe kwizisombululo ezibangela ukonakala ziyawohloka, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni ukuvuza okonakalisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokuthobela imimiselo yendalo. Iishedyuli zokuhlola rhoqo, iiprotokholi zokutshintshwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye neenzwa zokufumanisa ukuvuza ziyasetyenziswa ukukhusela ukuthembeka kwenkqubo.
Ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwezi ndawo zokulawula kunye nezixhobo ezingaphakathi kuyo yonke i-sodium hydroxide ekusetyenzisweni kwefayibha kuqinisekisa ukuba inqanaba ngalinye—ukusuka ekuphekeni kwe-pulp ukuya ekujikelezweni kwefayibha—lisebenza ngokuthembekileyo. Le ndlela ithintela ukuwohloka okubiza kakhulu, ikhuthaza ukuthintela ukwakheka kwekristale, kwaye ixhasa ukufana okufunekayo kwimveliso yefayibha ye-viscose esemgangathweni ophezulu.
Umzobo weNkqubo yeChloralkali
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Imingeni ephambili yeNkqubo ejongene neZisombululo zoKulinganisa uxinzelelo oluPhakathi
Ukubeka iliso nokulawula uxinzelelo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa ifayibha ye-viscose kubalulekile ekufezekiseni umgangatho ophezulu wemveliso kunye nokusebenza okusebenzayo. Unyango lwe-sodium hydroxide ekwenzeni i-viscose, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-cellulose alkalization, luxhomekeke kulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo ukuze kugcinwe uxinaniso olufanelekileyo lwesisombululo se-NaOH. Ii-inline pressure transmitters zibonelela ngempendulo yexesha langempela, zivumela iinjineli zenkqubo ukuba zisebenze ngokukhawuleza xa kufunyenwe ukuphambuka. Le mpendulo ikhawulezayo ibalulekile ekuphepheni iimpazamo ezinje ngokungahambelani kwefayibha, ukunciphisa isivuno, okanye amandla efayibha aphantsi anokubangelwa kukutshintshatshintsha koxinzelelo ngexesha lamanyathelo abalulekileyo okuvelisa ifayibha ye-viscose.
Ii-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters zijongana nemingeni emininzi yokusebenza eqhelekileyo. Idatha yazo yexesha langempela inika amandla ukulawulwa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokupheka kwe-cellulose, apho ukungena okufanayo kwe-NaOH kwi-cellulose pulp kubalulekile. Nakuphi na ukulibaziseka ekufumaneni utshintsho loxinzelelo kunokubangela utshintsho loxinzelelo lwendawo, okubangela unyango lwe-alkaline cellulose olungalinganiyo. Umzekelo, ukuba uxinzelelo luyehla ngokungalindelekanga ngexesha lokugaya, ukusetyenziswa okunganelanga kwe-sodium hydroxide kwimveliso ye-fiber kunokubangela ukwakheka kwe-fiber ebuthathaka kunye nokuvaleka kwe-reactions engaphelelanga.
Ukuthintela ukuvaleka kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko i-crystallization inokwenziwa kwimibhobho yenkqubo xa uxinano lwe-NaOH lwendawo lunyuka, okanye uxinzelelo luwela ngaphandle kweeparamitha ezimiselweyo. Ii-transmitters ze-Lonnmeter zihlala zilandelela imeko-bume ye-digester, zivumela abaqhubi ukuba bangenelele ngaphambi kokuba i-crystallization ikhokelele ekuvalekeni okukhulu. Ngokufanayo, ngokuvumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokufaka umphunga kwimveliso yefayibha, zixhasa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo lobushushu, izinto ezinxulumene kakhulu nokugcina uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo lwe-digester kunye nokufana kwamandla efayibha.
Ukwaluphala kwetywina kunye nokuvuza kwetywina zizinto ezihlala zisenzeka kwiindawo zonyango lwe-alkaline cellulose, apho iikhemikhali ezinamandla zikhawulezisa ukuwohloka kwecandelo. Idatha yoxinzelelo evela kwizixhobo zeLonnmeter inika isilumkiso kwangethuba malunga neendlela ezingaqhelekanga zoxinzelelo, nto leyo ebonisa iingxaki ezivelayo zetywina. Ukugcina iirekhodi nokuba kuvuza okuncinci kunceda ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwemveliso, ukulahleka kwemveliso, kunye nokugcinwa okungacwangciswanga, kunciphisa iindleko zexesha elide kunye nokukhusela ukhuseleko lwabaqhubi.
Ii-transmitter zeLonnmeter zenzelwe ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo neenkqubo ezikhoyo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo. Oku kuhambelana kwenza kube lula ukuhamba kwedatha ukuze kwenziwe izigqibo ezidibeneyo. Xa zisetyenziswa kunye neemitha zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline, iimitha zoxinano, iimitha ze-viscosity, ii-transmitter zenqanaba, kunye nee-transmitter zobushushu, zixhasa ukujonga inkqubo ngokubanzi. Abaphathi bezityalo banokuphucula uxinano lwesisombululo se-NaOH kulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-viscose kunye ne-digester, baqinisekise ukuhambelana kwemveliso, kwaye balawule ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo—zonke ezi zinto zibalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iindleko zokugcina kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwefayibha ye-viscose ezinzileyo.
Amanqaku Okufakela Afanelekileyo kunye Neenzuzo Zokusebenza Kakuhle
Ukubeka ii-inline pressure transmitters kwindawo yokungena kunye ne-outlet ye-NaOH digester kunika umfanekiso opheleleyo, wexesha langempela we-pressure dynamics ngexesha lokupheka kwe-cellulose ebalulekileyo. Ukufundwa koxinzelelo ngokuchanekileyo kwezi ndawo kuvumela ulawulo oluqinileyo kwisisombululo se-NaOH soxinzelelo lwe-viscose, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo unyango lwe-alkaline cellulose kunye nenkqubo ye-cellulose alkalization. Ukubeka ii-transmitters kufutshane neevalvu zolawulo kunceda ukulandelela ummiselo wokufaka umphunga, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni ngcono iiprofayili zobushushu kunye nokugcina ukuhambelana kuzo zonke iinyathelo zokuvelisa i-viscose fiber.
Ukufakelwa kwimigca yokufaka umphunga kunye neendawo ezaziwa ngokuqiniswa okanye ukuvaleka kunika isilumkiso kwangethuba malunga nokuphazamiseka okunokwenzeka. Ukubeka esweni ezi ndawo kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvuza kwetywina kwaye kuxhasa amaqhinga okuthintela ukuguga kwetywina. Le ndlela yokuthintela iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokuvaleka kwenkqubo ye-viscose okanye ukusasazwa kwe-NaOH okungalinganiyo.
Impendulo yexesha langempela evela kwiitransmitter zoxinzelelo ixhasa ulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-digester oluzinzileyo. Uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo lokusebenza luthintela ukunyuka okanye ukuwa ngequbuliso okunokubangela ukuyeka okungacwangciswanga. Zikwaphucula ukufana kwamandla efayibha ngokuqinisekisa ukuba unyango lwe-sodium hydroxide ekwenzeni i-viscose luhlala ngaphakathi kweeparamitha ezijoliswe kuzo.
Idatha yoxinzelelo eqhubekayo nethembekileyo inciphisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuvuza kwetywina, okukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwe-sodium hydroxide okuguqukayo kwimingeni yokuvelisa ifayibha kunye nokugcinwa kwayo. Ukubeka iliso koxinzelelo ngokufanelekileyo kuxhasa uzinzo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa ifayibha ye-viscose ngokunciphisa inkunkuma yamakhemikhali kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi. Njengoko, ezi zixhobo zokulinganisa ezisemgangathweni zibalulekile kwimveliso yefayibha ye-viscose engabizi kakhulu, esemgangathweni ophezulu, kwaye ingenabungozi kokusingqongileyo. Ukuchaneka okunikezelwa ziisamthumeli zoxinzelelo kuthetha ngokuthe ngqo ekuphuculweni kokusebenza kakuhle, iindleko zokugcinwa ezincitshisiweyo, kunye nokufana okuphezulu kwemveliso.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
Umbuzo 1: Ulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-digester lwexesha langempela luyiphucula njani inkqubo yokuveliswa kwefayibha ye-viscose?
Ulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-digester lwexesha langempela lugcina unyango lwe-sodium hydroxide kunye nokupheka kwe-cellulose ngaphakathi kwemilinganiselo elawulwa ngokuqinileyo. Oku kuchanekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ye-cellulose alkalization isebenza rhoqo, kunciphisa ukuguquguquka okunokonakalisa ukufana kwefayibha. Xa uxinzelelo luhlala luzinzile, iqela ngalinye le-cellulose lifumana ukuvezwa okulinganayo kwi-NaOH, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ifayibha ibe namandla aqikelelekayo naqinileyo. Imveliso yokugqibela inika umgangatho ophuculweyo ngenxa yezi meko zilawulwayo.
Umbuzo 2: Yeyiphi indima edlalwa luxinzelelo lwesisombululo se-NaOH kumanyathelo okuvelisa ifayibha ye-viscose?
Uxinzelelo lwesisombululo se-NaOH kwi-viscose luyinto egqibayo kwimpumelelo yonyango lwe-alkaline cellulose. I-cellulose kufuneka ivezwe kuxinzelelo oluthile lwe-NaOH ukuze iguqulwe ngempumelelo; kuncinci kakhulu okukhokelela kwiimpendulo ezingaphelelanga, okushiya imicu ibuthathaka kwaye ingalingani. Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lunokonakalisa i-cellulose, okubangela ukuba i-fiber ibe buthathaka. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo lusisiseko sokugcina ulawulo lomgangatho kuyo yonke inyathelo lokwenziwa kwe-viscose fiber, ukusuka kunyango lokuqala ukuya ekujikelezweni kokugqibela.
Umbuzo 3: Zeziphi iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezinokunceda abathumeli boxinzelelo olungaphakathi ekuthinteleni ukuveliswa kwefayibha ye-viscose?
Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline zibalulekile ekuthinteleni ukwakheka kwekristale kwimveliso yefayibha. Uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo lunciphisa umngcipheko wokwakheka kwekristale yeNaOH, enokuthi ivale imibhobho kwaye ibangele ukuvaleka okubizayo ekucutshungulweni kwe-viscose. Zikwavumela ukuthintela ukuguga ngokutywina ngokuthintela ukuhla koxinzelelo okungaqhelekanga, okunokubonisa ukuvuza kwetywina. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kwezisombululo zokuvuza kwetywina kunokwenzeka ngokubeka esweni oku kuguquguquka, ukunciphisa ukuvalwa okungacwangciswanga kunye nokuphepha ukungcola kwemveliso.
Umbuzo 4: Kutheni umgaqo wokufaka umphunga ubalulekile ukuze i-viscose fiber strength ifane?
Ulawulo lokufakwa komphunga lulawula ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwi-digester, zombini ezibalulekileyo kwiindlela zokupheka ze-cellulose. Ukuba ukuhanjiswa komphunga kuyaguquguquka, ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo zinokutshintshatshintsha, nto leyo ebangela ukungangqinelani kokudumba kwe-cellulose kunye nokwakheka kwe-fiber. Izixhobo zokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela ziqinisekisa ukuba ii-fiber batches zifumana ulwakhiwo kunye namandla afanayo, zixhasa iziphumo zemveliso ezihambelanayo kwaye zinciphisa inkcitho ngenxa yeenkcukacha ezingaphumelelanga.
Umbuzo 5: Ngaba ezinye izixhobo zenkqubo ezingaphakathi ziyakwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kothumelo loxinzelelo kwizityalo zefayibha ye-viscose?
Ezinye izixhobo zenkqubo ezikwi-inline zidlala indima encedisayo ekujongeni nasekulawuleni ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide kwimveliso yefayibha. Ukudibanisa iimitha zoxinano olukwi-inline, iimitha ze-viscosity yiLonnmeter, iimitha zoxinano, ii-level transmitters, kunye nee-temperature transmitters kudala umfanekiso opheleleyo wempilo yenkqubo. Umzekelo, iimitha zoxinano ziqinisekisa uxinzelelo lwezisombululo zeNaOH ngexesha le-cellulose alkalization, ngelixa iimitha ze-viscosity zijonga iipropati zokuhamba ezifunekayo ukuze kujikelezwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ezi zixhobo ziqinisekisa ukuba yonke iparameter iyahambelana, nto leyo ephucula umgangatho wefayibha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-15-2026
