Imfuno yehlabathi jikelele yomgangatho ophezuluimveliso yetyuwa yemizi-mvelisoifuna iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezisebenzayo, eziqhubekayo, nezithembekileyo. Umngeni omkhulu kweli candelo, ngakumbi ekwahlulweni kwe-sodium chloride (NaCl) eqinileyo kwisisombululo sayo, kukulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo koxinano lwesisombululo ukuthintela ukwakheka kwekristale okungafunekiyo nokungafiki ixesha.Ukubeka esweni uxinano ngexesha langempelaivela njengetekhnoloji ye-linchpin yokunciphisa le ngozi ibalulekileyo yokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okungapheliyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okufanelekileyo kweenkqubo zokufuma ezinkulu.
Injongo Yokujongwa Koxinano Lwexesha Langempela Kwimveliso Yetyuwa Yemizi-mveliso
Injongo esisisekoUkubeka esweni uxinano ngexesha langempelakukusebenza njengokhuseleko olukhawulezileyo kwimiphumo emibiukwenziwa kwekristale ye-supersaturationokwenzeka kwindawo engafanelekanga okanye ngexesha elingafanelekanga ngaphakathi komgca wokulungiselela ityuwa. Ngokuhlala ulinganisa ubunzima okanye uxinano oluthile lwesisombululo se-sodium chloride, abaqhubi bafumana umbono ofunekayo wokulungisa iiparameter zenkqubo.ngaphambiUxinano lwesisombululo ludlula umda wokunyibilika kwizixhobo eziphezulu ezifana nee-evaporators. Eli nyathelo lokuthintela libalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle nasekunciphiseni ixesha lokungasebenzi kokugcinwa.
Ukucacisa Inkqubo Yokulungiselela Ityuwa
Isiseko sezinto zanamhlanjeimveliso yetyuwa yemizi-mvelisokukwahlulwa kobushushu kwe-NaCl eqinileyo kwi-ityuwa eluhlazaezikhutshwe kwimithombo efana namachibi etyuwa, imigodi yetyuwa engaphantsi komhlaba, okanye amanzi olwandle. Olu tshintsho olubonakalayo, olubizwa kwihlabathi liphela ngokuthi "ukufuma kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni - ukwakheka kwekristale," ilandelelana ngabom, apho inqanaba ngalinye lichaza umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela kunye neprofayili yamandla enkqubo.
Inyathelo 1: Ukufuma kunye noxinzelelo (Ulwelo → Ulwelo olugcweleyo)
Isigaba sokuqala siquka ukuxutywa kwesisombululo se-sodium chloride esingenaxinzelelo oluphantsi. Le brine, egcwele amanzi amaninzi, ingena kwiiyunithi zokufuma ezinkulu—ngokuqhelekileyo iinkqubo zeMulti-Effect Evaporators (MEE) okanye zeMechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR). Ngokusebenzisa ubushushu okanye ukufuma phantsi koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo, amanzi amaninzi ayasuswa. Uxinzelelo lwesisombululo luyanda ngokuthe chu.Ukubeka esweni uxinano kwi-intanethikuyimfuneko enkulu ngeli nqanaba ukulandelela ngononophelo amazinga okunyuka koxinzelelo. Olu qwalaselo lujoliswe ngokukodwa ekuthinteleniukugcwala ngaphambi kwexesha kunye ne-crystallization ngaphakathiizitshintshi zobushushu kunye nee-evaporator bodies, imeko enokubangela ukungcola nokuvaleka ngokukhawuleza. Isiphumo esifunekayo seNyathelo loku-1 kukudalaisisombululo se-sodium chloride esingaphezulu kwe-supersaturated—ulwelo olunokunyibilika apho uxinzelelo olunyibilikayo ludlula umda wokunyibilika kwiqondo lobushushu lokusebenza, olulungele inqanaba elilandelayo.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukwenziwa kwekristale kunye nokwahlukana (i-Supersaturated Liquid → iikristale eziqinileyo)
Isisombululo esixineneyo nesigcweleyo emva koko sidluliselwa kwi-crystallizer ezinikeleyo (enokuba sisiphumo sokugqibela senkqubo ye-MEE okanye i-crystallizer ekhethekileyo yokupholisa). Ukufuma kwamanzi okanye ukunciphisa ubushushu ngabom, okulawulwayo, kubonelela ngamandla okuqhuba afunekayo—inqanaba lokugcwala kakhulu—elinyanzela i-sodium chloride solute ukuba ifikelele. Iimolekyuli ze-NaCl ziphuma kwisigaba sesisombululo, zenze iikristale ze-NaCl eziqinileyo. Ezi kristale, ngoku ziyimveliso ekujoliswe kuyo, zahlulwa kulwelo oluseleyo (utywala obungumama) kusetyenziswa iindlela zoomatshini ezifana nokwahlulwa kwe-centrifugal okanye ukuhluzwa. Amanqanaba okugqibela abandakanya ukomiswa (ukususwa komswakama) kunye nokusikwa (ukulinganiswa kobukhulu bamasuntswana) ukuze kuvele ulwelo oluqinileyo, oluthengiswayo.imveliso yetyuwa yemizi-mveliso.
Imveliso yeTyuwa
Inkqubo yokwenza i-evaporation crystallization ivelise ityuwa yenkunkuma yemizi-mveliso
Iingozi ezithile ze-Supersaturation Crystallization
Ukungalawulwa okanye ngaphambi kwexeshaukwenziwa kwekristale ye-supersaturationngaphakathi kololiwe wokufuma akusiyongxaki nje kuphela; imele uthotho lweengozi ezinkulu zokusebenza kunye nezoqoqosho:
Ukungcola kunye nokukhula:Isiphumo esikhawulezileyo kukwakheka okuzenzekelayo kwesikali seNaCl kwiindawo zokudlulisa ubushushu (iityhubhu, iipleyiti, iindonga) zee-evaporators. Olu lwakhiwo lwekristale lusebenza njengesivikeli esisebenza kakuhle.
Ukuvaleka kunye nokuncitshiswa kokuphuma kwamanzi:Ukwakheka kwesikali okuqhubekayo kunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ububanzi obusebenzayo bemibhobho, iivalvu, kunye neetyhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvalekeni okukhulu. Oku kufuna ukuvalwa okupheleleyo nokubiza kakhulu kokucoca ngoomatshini okanye ngeekhemikhali, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu imveliso.
Ukulahleka Kwamandla kunye Neendleko Zokusebenza Ezinyukileyo:Ukungcola kunciphisa kakhulu i-coefficient iyonke yokudlulisa ubushushu (U). Ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokuphuma komphunga ekujoliswe kulo, abaqhubi banyanzelekile ukuba bonyuse ubushushu besifuba somphunga (ΔT), nto leyo enyusa kakhulu i-ukusetyenziswa kwamandla—ixabiso elinye elikhulu eliguquguqukayo kwi-MEE nakwi-MVRimveliso yetyuwa yemizi-mveliso.
Ubuchule boLawulo loXinaniso: Ulawulo oluQikelelweyo noluSebenzayo
Indlela eya kwimveliso yetyuwa ephucukileyo ikwindlela yokufuduka ukusuka ekugcinweni kwetyuwa ukuyaulawulo olusebenzayo, ngokusisiseko inikwe amandla okuchaneka okuphezulu,Idensimeter ye-intanethi yedatha yexesha langempela.
Le ntsha ixhomekeke ekusebenziseni le datha yoxinano oluqhubekayo—iproxy ethe ngqo yokugxila kwesisombululo, kwaye, ngokubalulekileyo,inqanaba lokugcwala okuphezulu-okondlaiimodeli ezikrelekrele zokuqikelela umngcipheko wokugcwala kakhuluEzi modeli zihlalutya izinga lotshintsho loxinano, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye namazinga okuhamba ukuze ziqikelele amathuba okuba kubekho i-crystallization eyingozi neyazenzekelayo ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.
Olu buchule bokuqikelela buqhubaii-algorithms zolawulo oluphambiliezivumela uhlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo lweeparameter ze-MVR/multi-effect evaporator:
Ukugcwalisa/Ukukhupha Amanzi:Ukulungiswa komzuzu ngomzuzu kokungena kwamanzi amatsha okanye ukuphuma kwamanzi anetyuwa exutyiweyo kunokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza uxinano lwesisombululo.
Ulawulo lobushushu/uxinzelelo:Utshintsho oluncinci, olubaliweyo kuxinzelelo lokusebenza (kwaye ngaloo ndlela iqondo lokubila kunye nobushushu bokugcwala) ngaphakathi kweziphumo lunokunciphisa kancinci inqanaba lokugcwala, luthintele ukwakheka kwe-spontaneous kwe-scale eyingozi.
Iimitha zoxinano oluphakathi kweLonnmeter
Indlela Yokuthintela: Ukulawula Ukwakheka Kwekristale
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinanoIxhomekeke kwimpembelelo yayo ngqo kwiinkalo ezisisiseko ze-crystallization physics:i-nucleation, i-kinetics yokukhulakunyeimofoloji.
Ulawulo lweNucleation:Ngokugcina uxinano lwesisombululo lungaphantsi komda woxinano olubalulekileyongokungacwangciswanga(efanayo), inkqubo yolawulo loxinano iqinisekisa ukuba iikristale zakheka kuphela kwindawo efunekayo (i-crystallizer) kwaye ikakhulu kwiikristale zembewu ezikhoyo (i-nucleation eyahlukileyo). Oku kuthintela ukwakheka okubanzi kwee-"fines" okanye ii-nuclei ezenza isikali kwi-evaporator.
I-Growth Kinetics kunye neMofology:Ukugcina ulungelelwano rhoqoiphantsi kodwa ilungileinqanaba lokugcwala kwamanzi liqinisekisa ukuba iindawo zekristale ezikhoyo zezona ndawo zikhethwayo zokubekwa kweNaCl. Oku kukhuthaza ukulawulwaukukhula kwekristaleendaweni yokwakheka okungalawulekiyo, okwenziwa ngequbuliso. Isiphumo kukuba iikristale zetyuwa ezinkulu, ezenziwe ngcono kwaye amandla okukala anciphile kakhulu.
Ngokusebenza njengeimitha yoxinano olusemgceningenxa yamandla okugcwala kakhulu,ukujonga uxinano ngexesha langempelaiguqula inkqubo yokwenza ikristale ibe ngumsebenzi wobunjineli olawulwayo noqikelelwayo. Olu tshintsho lubalulekile kuyo nayiphi na indawo ejolise ekusebenziseni amandla kakuhle kakhulu kunye nenkcitho encinci yokusebenza kwimeko yokhuphiswanoimveliso yetyuwa yemizi-mveliso.
QhagamshelanaILonnmeterukucela ikowuteshini kunye nokudibanisa obu buchwepheshe bolawulo bubalulekileyo kumgca wakho wemveliso.
Ixesha leposi: Septemba-30-2025
