Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwemithombo yokujova amanzi kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo luxhomekeke kulawulo oluchanekileyo lweprofayili kunye nokusetyenziswa ngobuchule kwee-plugging agents. Ezi arhente—ezifana neejeli zeekhemikhali, ii-polyacrylamide (PAM) microspheres, kunye ne-polyethylene glycol (PEG)—zenzelwe ukuvala iindawo ezinokungena kwamanzi amaninzi kwaye ziqinisekise ukuhamba ngokulinganayo kwamanzi ajoviweyo kulo lonke ichibi. Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo apho umahluko wokungena kwamanzi uye wanda ngenxa yemveliso yexesha elide, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungalinganini kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa amazinga okubuyiswa kwe-hydrocarbon.
Ukukwazi ukujonga nokulawula uxinano lwee-agents zokufaka ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokusasazwa kwazo. Ukulinganiswa koxinano olungaphakathi kubonelela ngedatha eqhubekayo malunga neempawu zolwelo ngqo ngaphakathi kombhobho wokujova, okuvumela ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa iingozi zokusebenza. Ukulandelela ngexesha langempela kuxhasa impendulo eguquguqukayo kwiimeko zoguquguquko lwedama kwaye kukhuthaza ukusasazwa ngokufanelekileyo kwee-agents zokulawula iprofayili yeekhemikhali kwimigodi yokujova amanzi.
Kwimisebenzi ye-oyile, ukuqinisekisa uxinano olufanelekileyo lwee-agents zokufaka iiplagi—ezifana neenkqubo ze-PAM zokuphucula ukubuyiswa kweoyile—kubalulekile. Ukufikelela kuxinano olufanelekileyo lwee-agents kunefuthe ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-plugging kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide ngaphakathi kwidama, ngelixa uxinano olungafanelekanga lunokukhokelela ekuhambelaneni kakubi kunye nokuncipha kokusebenza kakuhle kokukhuhla. Uphando oluphononongwe kutshanje lubonisa ukuba iinkqubo zanamhlanje zokulinganisa uxinano lwe-inline ngexesha langempela azinamsebenzi ekuphuculeni uxinano lwee-agents zokufaka iikhemikhali, ukunciphisa inkunkuma yemveliso, kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zokubuyisela ioyile.
Iteknoloji yoPhuhliso lweMijovo yamanzi
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Ukuqonda Amanzi Angena Kwimibhobho kunye Namadama Ahlukeneyo
Imithombo yokujova amanzi idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubuyiselweni kweoli yesibini ngokugcina uxinzelelo lwendawo yokugcina amanzi kunye nokuqhuba ioli iye kwimithombo yokuvelisa. Xa iindlela zokuqhuba zendalo ziyancipha, ukukhukula kwamanzi kongeza uxinzelelo kwaye kwandise ukubuyiselwa kweoli, kudla ngokunyusa amandla okubuyisela amanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% yeoyile yokuqala ekhoyo. Ukubekwa kakuhle kunye neepateni zokujova—ezifana nolungiselelo lweendawo ezintlanu okanye umgca wokuqhuba—zilungiselelwe ngokweejometri ezithile zeendawo zokugcina amanzi kunye neendawo zoxinzelelo lwe-capillary, zisebenzisa zombini iindlela ezithe nkqo kunye nezo ze-areal sweep ukuze kuphuculwe imveliso.
Ii-reservoirs ezahlukeneyo zinika imingeni eyahlukeneyo eyenza kube nzima ukusasazwa kwamanzi afakwe kwi-injection. Ezi zakhiwo zihlala zibonisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-layer kunye ne-inter-layer permeability. Umzekelo, ii-layer ezifikelela kwi-high permeability zenza iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuhamba kwamanzi, ngelixa iindawo ezifikelela kwi-low permeability zinokungagqithwa kakhulu. Umahluko onjalo ubangela ukutshayela okungalinganiyo, ukusasazeka kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo eziphambili, kunye ne-oyile engashukumiyo kwiindawo ezingatshayelwanga.
Eyona micimbi ixhaphakileyo kwezi ndawo zokulahla amanzi ibandakanya ukugalelwa kwamanzi okungalinganiyo, ukugalelwa kwemisele, kunye nokulahlekelwa kukusebenza kakuhle kokugalelwa. Ukugalelwa okungalinganiyo kukhokelela ekufudukeni kolwelo okungalinganiyo, apho amanzi ajojoweyo ekhetha iileya okanye ukwaphuka okudibeneyo kakuhle, okukwaziyo ukungena kwamanzi amaninzi. Ukugalelwa kwemisele kwenzeka xa amanzi ehamba ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezinamanzi amaninzi okanye kwiindlela ezinkulu, edlula umthamo omkhulu ogcwele ioyile—nokuba ukugalelwa kwemisele kubonakala kwanele. Oku kuqhelekile kwiindawo ezineeleya ezintsonkothileyo, ukwaphuka okuthe nkqo, okanye ukudibana okuqinileyo kwereservoir.
Ukulahleka kokusebenza kakuhle kokukhuhla kubangelwa ngqo, njengoko ukwanda kwamanzi afakwe kwi-oyile kunokufikelela kwimithombo evelisayo ngaphandle kokudibana neendawo ezazingakhuhliwe ngaphambili. Umzekelo, amanzi anokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwindawo eneenkomo, ebonisa ukuphuphuma kwamanzi kwangoko kunye nokunciphisa ukubuyiswa kweoyile kwiindawo ezikufutshane. Ezi ziganeko zichazwa ngokwenani kusetyenziswa iimodeli ezihambelana namazinga okufunxa amanzi, iiprofayili zokuvuleka kwamanzi, kunye nedatha yokuhamba kwamanzi eguqukayo.
Amaqhinga okunciphisa ezi ngxaki asebenzayo adibanisa ukujonga ngexesha langempela, unyango lweekhemikhali, kunye nolawulo lwe-adaptive injection. Iindlela ezifana nee-arhente zokulawula iprofayili, ii-agents zokufaka iiplagi, kunye ne-segmented okanye i-pulsed water injection ziyaphandwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukusasazwa kunye nokuhanjiswa okungalinganiyo. Ukulinganisa uxinano ngexesha langempela—kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezihambelana nee-agents zokufaka iiplagi okanye ii-agents zokulawula iprofayili ezisebenzayo eziphezulu ezivela kubavelisi abanjengoLonnmeter—kwenza uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo kunye nokwenza ngcono uxinano lweekhemikhali ngaphakathi komjelo we-injection. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-agents zokufaka iiplagi zigcina iipropati ezifunekayo, ziphucula ukuhambelana kunye nokutshayelwa kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo, ezahlukeneyo.
I-Polyacrylamide (PAM) kunye nezinye ii-agents zokufaka amanzi eziphucukileyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kulawulo lweprofayili kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo. Ukusebenza kwazo kuxhomekeke ekulinganisweni koxinano oluchanekileyo kunye nokusasazwa ngaphakathi kwemigca yokufaka amanzi, enokubekwa esweni ngaphakathi ukuze kulungiswe ngexesha langempela. Ngokusebenzisa ezo teknoloji, abaqhubi bajongana nemiba ephambili enxulumene nokufakwa kwamanzi kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo—ukubonelela ngokubuyiselwa okuphuculweyo, ukuveliswa kwamanzi okunciphileyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza.
Iiarhente zoLawulo lweProfayili: Iintlobo, Imisebenzi, kunye neMigqaliselo yoKhetho
Iiarhente zokulawula iprofayili (ii-PCA) zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni imithombo yokujova amanzi, ingakumbi kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo apho imijelo yokungena kwamanzi eninzi inokubangela ukunqunyulwa kwamanzi kakhulu kunye neendawo zeoyile ezingadlulanga. Iiarhente zihlelwa ikakhulu njengeejeli—ngokukodwa iPolyacrylamide (PAM), ii-microspheres, izinto ezisekwe kwi-PEG, kunye neenkqubo ezidityanisiweyo okanye ezidibeneyo, nganye yenzelwe imingeni ethile yendawo yokugcina amanzi.
Iijeli zePolyacrylamide zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezakhono zazo zokudibanisa eziqinileyo. I-PAM inokwenziwa njengeejeli ze-situ okanye iijeli ze-particle ezenziwe kwangaphambili (ii-PPG), ezivuvukala kwi-brine, zibonelela ngobukhulu obulawulwayo kunye nozinzo oluphuculweyo. Iijeli ezisekelwe kwi-PAM eziguquliweyo ziquka i-nano silica, i-cellulose, i-graphite, kunye nezinye izongezo zokunyusa amandla oomatshini kunye nokumelana nokuwohloka phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye netyuwa. Olu phuhliso lubonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-plugging, kunye nokusasazeka kwejeli kufikelela kumazinga angaphezu kwama-86% kwiimodeli zesanti kwaye kubonelela ngokwanda kokubuyiswa kweoyile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-35%, ngakumbi kuluncedo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeoyile.
IiMicrospheres zenzelwe ukufakelwa kwamanzi ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwe-elastic. Zisuka kwiindawo ezinkulu ze-pore ziye kwezincinci, zivala ngokuphindaphindiweyo, zitshintsha-tshintsha, kwaye zihamba ngemiqala ye-pore. Lo mjikelo wokufakelwa kwamanzi-ukuguqulwa-ukufuduka-ukufakelwa kwamanzi uguqula amanzi ukusuka kwiindawo ezinokungena kwamanzi okuphezulu, ngaloo ndlela uphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhamba. Uvavanyo lwe-NMR kunye ne-CT imaging luqinisekisile ukusebenza kwazo ekunciphiseni ukunqunyulwa kwamanzi nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshiza ngokujolisa ngokukhethekileyo imijelo eqhuba amanzi kakhulu ngaphakathi kwidama.
Iiarhente ezisekwe kwi-PEG zixatyiswa ngenxa yokuzinza kwazo nokudumba kwazo, ingakumbi phantsi kweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ze-reservoir. Ukusebenza kwazo kokudibanisa kudla ngokulungiswa ngeendlela zokudibanisa, okubonelela ngokuguquguquka kokusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezineengqimba okanye eziqhekekileyo. Iiarhente ezidibeneyo, ezinokubandakanya izinto ze-gels, ii-microspheres, kunye ne-PEG, zibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zokulawula ukuhambelana kwazo, ingakumbi apho ukungafani kwe-reservoir kuthintela ukubuyiswa kweoyile.
Iindlela zokulawula iprofayili zihlala ziquka ukuxutywa okukhethiweyo kweendawo ezinokungena kwamanzi amaninzi, ukuphambukiswa kwamanzi afakwe kwiindlela ezazikho ngaphambili, kunye nokufuduswa ngcono kweoyile ebambekileyo. Iijeli zePolymer, njengePAM, zenzeka kwizakhiwo okanye amasuntswana abekwe kwindawo ethile avala ngokwasemzimbeni kwaye azinzise iindawo ekujoliswe kuzo. IiMicrospheres zisebenzisa ukuthamba kunye nokukhubazeka ukuze zifuduke kwaye zixutywe ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa izinto zePEG zibonelela ngokuhambelana okuqhubekayo ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kweekhemikhali kunye nobushushu.
Iikhrayitheriya zokukhetha ii-PCA zimiselwa kukuhambelana nolwelo lwe-reservoir, ukuzinza phantsi koxinzelelo lobushushu kunye neekhemikhali, ukusebenza kwe-plugging ngokumalunga neprofayili yokungena kwe-reservoir, kunye nokuzivumelanisa neemeko zokufaka eziguquguqukayo. Ukuhambelana kuqinisekisa ukuba i-arhente isebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo ne-reservoir brine ngaphandle kokunisela okanye ukuqhekeka. Uzinzo—zombini iikhemikhali kunye nobushushu—lubalulekile ekumelaneni neemeko ezinzima, njengoko kuboniswe kukuphuculwa kwe-PAM kunye nezongezo ze-nano kunye nophuhliso lwezinto ezinyamezela ubushushu kunye netyuwa.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokufaka iplagi kuvavanywa ngovavanyo lwezikhukula zelebhu, ukulinganisa uxinzelelo oluphuphumayo, kunye nokubeka esweni uxinano ngexesha langempela. Izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinano lweLonnmeter kunye neenkqubo ezingaphakathi zinegalelo ekwenzeni ngcono uxinano lwe-agent ye-plugging chemical, nto leyo evumela abaqhubi ukuba balungise iindlela zokwenziwa ngexesha langempela ukuze bafumane isiphumo esiphezulu. Ukuguquguquka kunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nokukwazi kwe-arhente ukugcina iplagi phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-reservoir, izakhiwo ze-pore eziguquguqukayo, kunye namazinga okufaka aguqukayo.
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lweprofayili yemithombo yokufaka amanzi luxhomekeke kuhlalutyo olupheleleyo lokungafani kwamachibi, ukuthelekisa ngononophelo uhlobo lwearhente kunye nesicwangciso sokusasazwa, kunyeumlinganiselo woxinano oluqhubekayoukufakelwa kwamakhemikhali ukuze kuphuculwe ukhetho kunye neziphumo zexesha elide. Usetyenziso lwe-PAM kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo, izisombululo ze-PEG, kunye nobuchwepheshe be-microsphere ziyaqhubeka nokukhula, zixhaswa ziinkqubo zokulandelela kunye nokubeka iliso kwi-arhente ngexesha langempela kwizicelo ze-oyile.
Ii-Plugging Agents kunye nendima yobuninzi ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwesicelo
Iiarhente zokufaka amanzi zisebenza njengeearhente ezibalulekileyo zokulawula iprofayili yemithombo yokufaka amanzi, ingakumbi kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo. Imisebenzi yazo ephambili ibandakanya ukulawula ukujikeleziswa kwegesi, ukulawula ukujikeleziswa kunye noxinzelelo lwendawo yokugcina amanzi, kunye nokunyusa amazinga okubuyisela ioyile. Ngokujolisa kwiindawo ezinokungena okuphezulu okanye "amasela", ezi arhente zithumela amanzi okanye igesi efakwe kwimisele yokuhamba kwamanzi ukuya kwiindawo ezingatshixwanga, ezinokungena okuphantsi, zinyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshiza kunye nokususa ioyile eseleyo. Umzekelo, ii-microspheres zepolymer ezinganyangekiyo yi-asidi zinokufikelela kwi-95% yesantya sokufaka amanzi kwaye ziphucule ukubuyiselwa kweoyile ngaphezulu kwe-21%, nokuba phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ze-asidi kunye ne-CO₂. Iiarhente zokufaka amanzi ezisekelwe kwi-gel zithintela ngokukhethekileyo ukuqhekeka kwamanzi ngokuvelisa amanzi amaninzi okanye igesi ngelixa zishiya iindawo ezinotyebi kwioyile zingachaphazeleki kangako, ngokusisiseko zixhasa imveliso eqhubekayo kunye nempilo yendawo yokugcina amanzi.
Uxinano lwee-agents zokufaka i-pluging—ezibonakaliswa njengoxinzelelo okanye ubunzima ngeyunithi nganye—zidlala indima ethe ngqo ekusebenzeni kwe-injection kunye nolawulo lwe-sweep. I-agent yokufaka i-density ephezulu yokulawula iprofayili ye-reservoir idla ngokuphucula amandla e-agent okungena nokuvala iindawo ezinokungena okuphezulu ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuba izinto aziphazamisi kakhulu iileya ezinamafutha amaninzi ezinokungena kancinci. Umzekelo, ii-agents ezisekwe kwi-polymer ezineeprofayili ze-viscosity ezilungiselelwe wena (ezixhomekeke kwiziphumo zokucheba kwizinga eliphezulu lokujova) zibonakalisiwe ukuba zichaphazela indawo, ubunzulu bokufuduka, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokukhetha. Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kwee-agents zokufaka i-pluging kubalulekile ekusebenzeni; kwenza kube lula ukulandelelwa koxinano lwee-agents zeekhemikhali ngexesha langempela, kuqinisekisa idosi echanekileyo kunye neempawu ze-rheological ezihambelanayo ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwe-sweep kunye nokuthintela umonakalo wokwakheka. Izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi kwe-Lonnmeter zokufaka i-chemical zibonelela ngempendulo yedatha ekhawulezileyo ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwee-agent, zixhasa abaqhubi abanenjongo yokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-agents zokulawula iprofayili ye-oyile kwimithombo yokujova amanzi.
Ii-plugging agent combinations ziye zaphuhliswa ukuze zivelise iziphumo ezihambelanayo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zamanzi. Ii-polymer gels, ii-microspheres, kunye nee-cross-linked polymers ezifana ne-Polyacrylamide (PAM) zihlala zidityaniswe ukuze zisebenzise iindlela ezininzi—ukuvimba ngokwasemzimbeni, ukuzibophelela nge-viscoelastic, kunye nokuziphilisa. Umzekelo, iinkqubo ze-composite hydrogel/microsphere zisebenzisa i-PAM ukudibanisa ukudumba, ukufunxa amanzi, kunye nokuzilungisa; ezi mpawu zinceda ukugcina ukuthembeka kwe-plug kunye nokuziqhelanisa nee-cracks okanye imijelo esandul’ ukwenziwa. Iinkqubo zeekhemikhali ezihambelanayo zihlala zidityaniswe nee-nanoemulsions okanye iinethiwekhi ze-polymer ezikrelekrele ezinokulungelelanisa i-viscosity kunye noxinano ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokuhamba kwamanzi. Izifundo zasentsimini zibonisa ukuba ii-arhente zolawulo lweprofayili esebenzayo ephezulu ezilungiselelwe njenge-multi-component blends zibonelela nge-plugging engcono kakhulu, ulawulo lwamanzi oluqinileyo, kunye nokuntywila okunzulu, ngakumbi phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ezivezwa ziindawo zejografi eziqhekekileyo okanye ezityebileyo nge-carbonate.
Ziqiniswa kukujongwa rhoqo ngexesha langempela kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zokulinganisa uxinano lwe-oyile, ukusetyenziswa kwee-agents ezisebenzayo zokufaka amanzi kwimingxuma yokujova amanzi ngoku kulungiselelwe imingeni enzima neyahlukeneyo yedama. Ezi teknoloji zibonelela ngoqinisekiso lokusebenza, zinciphisa inkunkuma yezinto, kwaye ziqhuba amazinga aphezulu okubuyisa ioyile ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa koxinano kunye noyilo olukrelekrele lwe-agents zokufaka iikhemikhali kwizicelo ze-oyile.
Ukulinganiswa kobuninzi be-Agent ye-Plugging: Isitshixo seMisebenzi eSebenzisiweyo
Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo uxinano lwee-agent zokufaka kubalulekile kulo lonke ixesha lokulungiselela, ukuxuba, kunye nokufaka, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezinzima zamachibi anzulu, ahlukeneyo. Imithombo yokujova amanzi ixhomekeke kwii-agent zokufaka ezisebenzayo—ezifana ne-polyacrylamide (PAM), ii-gels ze-starch eziguquliweyo, kunye nee-particles ezinwebekayo—ukulawula iiprofayili zolwelo kunye nokuphucula ukubuyiswa kweoyile. Utshintsho kuxinano lwee-agent lunokuchaphazela kungekuphela nje ukusebenza kwangoko kokubekwa kodwa kunye nokuhambelana kwexesha elide kwee-agent ezijoviweyo kwi-matrices ezintsonkothileyo ze-reservoir.
Kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezinzulu nezingafaniyo, ukugcina uxinano olufanelekileyo lwee-agents zokufaka amanzi kuqinisekisa ukuba iipropati zokuhamba kwe-agent zihambelana neendawo ekujoliswe kuzo, zithintela ukugqobhoza kwangethuba okanye ukusasazwa okungalinganiyo. Umzekelo, ii-agents zolawulo lweprofayili ezisekwe kwi-PAM zihlala zifuna uhlengahlengiso loxinano ukuze zilungelelanise amandla okufaka amanzi kunye nobunzulu bokufuduka, ingakumbi apho umahluko wokungena kwamanzi ubangela ukujika ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwenyani, ii-agents zolawulo lweprofayili ezisebenza kakuhle—ezihlelwe ngokoxinano kunye noxinzelelo—zivumela ukuphambuka okuchanekileyo ngakumbi, njengoko ii-slugs ezixineneyo kufutshane ne-wellbore zibonelela ngokudibanisa okuqinileyo, ngelixa ii-agents ezixutyiweyo zihamba nzulu ukuze zisebenze kakuhle.
Indawo yokusebenza ibeka iimfuno zobugcisa ezibalulekileyo. Ii-pluging agents ezifana nee-starch gels eziguquliweyo ezine-ethylenediamine, njengoko kubonisiwe kwizifundo zakutshanje zelebhu, zonyusa ngokukhawuleza uxinzelelo lokwakheka kwaye zinciphisa ukunqunyulwa kwamanzi xa zilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ngokwe-density yazo elinganisiweyo. Ngokufanayo, amasuntswana e-graphite anokwandiswa, enzelwe ii-reservoirs ze-carbonate ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ezine-salinity ephezulu, afumana utshintsho olukhulu lomthamo—ukwanda okuphindwe kathathu ukuya kwesi-8—okutshintsha i-suspension density yazo kwaye ngenxa yoko ukusebenza kwazo kwe-pluging. Ukulinganiswa kwe-inline density kubalulekile ukuhlawula olu tshintsho lwepropathi olukhawulezayo, ingakumbi ngexesha le-high-throughput injection rounds.
Iindlela zokulinganisa iisampulu eziqhelekileyo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa uxinano olungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi zizisa imiqobo emikhulu yokusebenza. Uhlobo oluqhubekayo lokuvavanya ngesandla luzenza zingafaneleki ukubona ukuguquguquka okukhawulezileyo koxinzelelo lweearhente ngexesha lokusebenza kwentsimi eguquguqukayo. Ukulibaziseka phakathi kokuqokelelwa kwesampulu, uhlalutyo lwelebhu, kunye nempendulo kwigumbi lolawulo kunokudlula amaxesha okuphendula kwenkqubo, oku kubeka emngciphekweni ukungenwa kweearhente ezingasebenziyo kunye nokunciphisa amanyathelo olawulo lweprofayili yedama. Ukonakala kwesampulu, utshintsho lobushushu, kunye nokuguquguquka komqhubi kuyayiphazamisa ngakumbi ingqibelelo yedatha yoxinano olungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi, kuthintela ukulungiswa ngokuchanekileyo koxinano lweearhente zokufaka iikhemikhali kwizicelo zentsimi yeoyile.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinano olungaphakathi ezifakwe ngqo kwiindawo zokujova iikhemikhali okanye kwii-manifolds zokuxuba zibonelela ngexabiso loxinano lwee-agent zexesha langempela. Le mpendulo iqhubekayo iyimfuneko ekulandeleleni uxinano lwee-agents zokuxhuma kwimibhobho ye-oyile njengoko iimeko kunye neefomyula zitshintsha, ukuqinisekisa ukubekwa okufanelekileyo nokusebenzayo. Kwiinkqubo eziphatha ii-agents ezinamanqanaba amaninzi kunye nezokwandisa okuqinileyo ezifana ne-WMEG, izixhobo zoxinano olungaphakathi zinokujonga zombini uxinano olupheleleyo nolungenanxalenye kulo lonke ulwandiso kunye nokuxuba, zinika iinjineli zenkqubo umbono okhawulezileyo womgangatho wokusebenza kunye nokuphambuka ngaphambi kokuba kuchaphazele ukusebenza kwe-plugging.
Olu buchule bexesha langempela luxhasa ukuphononongwa kakuhle kwedosi, uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo lwefomula, kunye namanyathelo okulungisa ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi xa kusetyenziswa ii-polymer slugs ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwizakhiwo zemithombo ezintsonkothileyo. Ukuhlanganiswa komlinganiselo woxinano oluphakathi kwee-plugging agents kwazisa ngokuthe ngqo izigqibo ekufakweni kwamanzi, ulawulo lweprofayili, kunye nolawulo lwee-reservoirs ezahlukeneyo.
Kwabasebenzi beendawo zeoyile, ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zokubeka esweni uxinano olungaphakathi—ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter—kwenza kube lula ukuqhubeka nokufakwa kweekhemikhali, kulungisa ukusilela kokulinganisa okudlulileyo, kwaye kwakha isiseko solawulo lwenkqubo yexesha elizayo kwiindawo ezinzima zamanzi.
Ukulinganisa Uxinano Oluphakathi: Imigaqo, Iingenelo, kunye Neemeko Zokusetyenziswa
Ukulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi kukubona ngokuthe ngqo, ngexesha langempela uxinano lolwelo njengoko luhamba ngemibhobho, kususa imfuneko yokuthathwa isampuli ngesandla. Kwimithombo yamanzi kunye neendawo zeoyile ezisebenzisa i-plugging agent yolawulo lweprofayili yedama kunye nee-arhente zolawulo lweprofayili ezisebenza kakuhle, lo mgaqo uvumela ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza nangokuqhubekayo ukwakheka kunye nokuziphatha kwe-arhente.
Imigaqo yokulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi
Indlela ephambili ixhomekeke kwizixhobo ezimbini eziphambili: imitha yokuhamba kweCoriolis kunye ne-vibrating tube densitometer. Iimitha zeCoriolis zibona utshintsho lwesigaba kwiityhubhu ezingcangcazelayo, zinxulumanisa olu tshintsho nesantya sokuhamba kobunzima kunye ne-vibrational frequency kunye ne-fluid density. Ii-vibrating tube densitometers zisebenza ngokujonga utshintsho kwi-resonance frequency; ukwehla kwe-frequency kuhambelana nokwanda kwe-fluid density ngaphakathi kwityhubhu.
Iingenelo zokulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi
- Ukulandelela uxinano lwee-arhente zeekhemikhali ngexesha langempela kuvelisa ezi nzuzo zilandelayo zenkqubo:Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo:Abaqhubi banokubona ngoko nangoko uxinaniso kunye nokwakheka kwee-agents zokufaka amanzi, nto leyo evumela ukulungiswa kwedosi kunye nokunciphisa inkcitho yee-agents. Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kwee-agents zokufaka amanzi kuqinisekisa ukujoliswa ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo ezinokungena kwamanzi amaninzi kwiindawo zamanzi ezahlukeneyo, okunyusa ukusebenza kwe-agent yolawulo lweprofayili kwimithombo yokujova amanzi.
- Ulawulo Oluphuculweyo:Impendulo ekhawulezileyo malunga noxinano lwee-arhente zolawulo lweprofayili kunye neeplagi zenza iinjineli zasentsimini zilungelelanise amazinga okujova ngokuphendula kwiimeko ezitshintshayo zedama, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube lula kakhulu ukuswela.
- Ukusombulula iingxaki ngoko nangoko:Ubunzima obungaqhelekanga bunokubonakalisa iingxaki zoomatshini, ukuxubana kwee-arhente ngendlela engafanelekanga, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo ngexesha lokujova, okuvumela ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi.
Ukusetyenziswa kweearhente okuphuculweyo:Ukuphucula uxinano lwe-agent yokuxhuma kwiindawo ze-oyile ngokubeka esweni i-inline kunciphisa ukujova kakhulu nangaphantsi kwe-oyile—oku kukhokelela ekusebenzeni ngcono kokuxhuma, ukuncipha kwenkunkuma ye-polymer, kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamatyala kwizicelo ze-Oilfield
Ukubeka iliso rhoqo ngexesha lokujova i-arhente
Izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinano olungaphakathi lokufaka iikhemikhali zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngexesha lolawulo lweprofayili kunye nokufakwa kwe-PAM kwimigodi yokujova amanzi. Kolunye uvavanyo olubhaliweyo, inkqubo yeLonnmeter igcine iiprofayili zoxinano oluqhubekayo lwe-PAM ejoviweyo ekwakhiweni kwayo, inika idatha ngamaxesha angaphantsi kwemizuzu. Abaqhubi balungisa ngoko nangoko ukushukuma koxinzelelo, baphucula ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali, kwaye bafezekisa ukuvalwa kwamanzi okuphuculweyo kwiindawo ezijongiweyo.
Ukuphunyezwa kweMimandla emikhulu kwiiNdawo zokuHlanganisa ezingafaniyo
Kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo, ukujonga uxinano ngexesha langempela kusetyenziswa izixhobo zeLonnmeter kwenza kube lula ukuziqhelanisa neendlela zokuhamba ezintsonkothileyo. Ngokulinganisa uxinano ngqo kumjelo wokujova, iinjineli ziqinisekisa ukusasazwa okusebenzayo kwee-plugging agents ezisebenzayo kwimithombo yokujova amanzi—ingakumbi apho i-variable geology ifuna ukuchaneka. Izifundo zokuqinisekiswa kwelebhu ziqinisekisa ukuba ii-vibrating tube densitometers zinokulandela utshintsho loxinano phantsi kokuhamba kwamanzi okuguquguqukayo, okuxutyiweyo, okuxhasa ulawulo lwenkqubo kuzo zombini izikali zovavanyo kunye nezentsimi epheleleyo.
Iiprofayili zoxinano eziqokelelweyo zinceda ekwenzeni ngcono umxube kunye nokuhanjiswa kweekhemikhali, zilungelelanise ukubalwa kwebhalansi yobunzima, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kweenkcukacha zobugcisa. Ukuhlanganiswa nezixhobo zokulinganisa uxinano akuxhasi nje kuphela ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho kodwa kukwabonelela ngohlalutyo olusebenzayo lokuphucula ukusebenza kwedama rhoqo.
Ngamafutshane, ukulinganisa uxinano olungaphakathi kwemigca kudala umqolo wokwenziwa ngcono koxinano kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo yokufaka iikhemikhali zokufaka ii-agent kwiindawo zeoyile. Izixhobo zeLonnmeter zibonelela ngesisombululo esifunekayo, ukuthembeka, kunye nesantya esibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yeendawo zeoyile zanamhlanje, ukuqinisekisa ukujonga ngexesha langempela kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwee-agent kuzo zonke iiprojekthi zokufaka amanzi kunye nokuphucula ukubuyiswa kweoyile.
Izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinano: Izisombululo zezicelo zoLawulo lweProfayili
Ukulinganisa uxinano oluchanekileyo kubalulekile ekuphuculeni imithombo yokujova amanzi, ngakumbi ekulawuleni iindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusasazwa ngempumelelo kweearhente zokulawula iprofayili okanye iiarhente zokufaka amanzi. Ukulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi kuxhasa ukudoswa ngokuchanekileyo kweearhente zeekhemikhali ezifana nePolyacrylamide (PAM), ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo zeoyile apho uxinano lweearhente zokufaka amanzi kufuneka lulawulwe ngokuqinileyo.
Izisombululo zanamhlanje zokulinganisa uxinano kwezi meko zisebenzisa ikakhulu iimitha zokuhamba kweCoriolis kunye neetyhubhu ezingcangcazelayo. Iimitha zokuhamba kweCoriolis zixatyiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuhamba kwazo ngokuthe ngqo kobunzima kunye nokufundwa koxinano. Ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokulinganisa amandla eCoriolis aveliswa njengoko ulwelo ludlula kwiityhubhu ezingcangcazelayo, apho i-frequency kunye ne-phase shift zihambelana ngokwezibalo noxinano lolwelo kunye nokuhamba kobunzima. Lo mgaqo uvumela ukujonga ngokuchanekileyo utshintsho loxinano ngexesha langempela, okwenza ukuba lube lolona lufanelekileyo kwimithombo yokujova amanzi kusetyenziswa ii-arhente zeekhemikhali eziguquguqukayo.
Ukuchaneka kweemitha zokuhamba zeCoriolis kudla ngokufikelela kwi-±0.001 g/cm³ okanye ngaphezulu, nto leyo ibalulekileyo xa kubekwa esweni uxinano lwearhente yokuxhuma ukuze kulawulwe iprofayili yereservoir. Umzekelo, xa kufakwa i-PAM-based okanye ezinye iiarhente zokulawula iprofayili ezisebenza kakhulu kwiindawo zokugcina ezahlukeneyo, nokuba kukwahluka koxinano oluncinci kunokuchaphazela ulawulo lokuhambelana, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshiza, kwaye ekugqibeleni, amazinga okubuyisela ioyile. Ukukwazi ukunika umlinganiselo woxinano ngexesha langempela kwiimeko ze-oyile kuvumela impendulo ekhawulezileyo kunye nokulungiswa kwangoko kwamazinga okujova ngamakhemikhali, ukuthintela unyango olungaphelelanga okanye olugqithisileyo.
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokulinganisa uxinano lokusetyenziswa kwe-chemical injection kufuna ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto ezininzi. Uluhlu lokulinganisa kufuneka luvumelane noxinano oluguquguqukayo lwamanzi kunye nee-chemical agents, ngamanye amaxesha ukusuka kwi-brine ekhanyayo ukuya kwizisombululo ze-PAM ezixineneyo. Ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko uxinano lwee-agents olungafundwanga kakuhle lunokukhokelela ekufakweni okungafanelekileyo okanye ekonakalisweni kwe-reservoir. Ukuhambelana kweekhemikhali yeyona nto iphambili; Iimitha zoxinano ezingaphakathi kweLonnmeter zisebenzisa izinto ezimanzi ezenzelwe ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nobukhulu, okuvumela ukusebenza kwiindawo ezinobumanzi okanye ezinobumanzi beekhemikhali.
Iimfuneko zokufakelwa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni izixhobo. Iimitha zokuhamba zeCoriolis ziluncedo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo kwindlela ezicwangciswe ngayo iipayipi—ngokubanzi azichaphazeleki kukuphazamiseka kweprofayili yokuhamba kwamanzi kwaye zifuna ukuba imibhobho ihambe ngokuthe tye kancinci, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kwiintloko zemithombo kunye neeskidi ezintsonkothileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukufakwa kufuneka kunciphise ukungcangcazela kwendalo ukuze kulondolozwe ukuthembeka komlinganiselo, ingakumbi kwiiyunithi zokujova amanzi ezikude, zangaphandle, okanye eziphathwayo.
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kulondolozo zigxile ekungafumaneki kweendawo ezishukumayo kuzo zombini iimitha zeCoriolis kunye nee-densitometers zeetyhubhu ezingcangcazelayo, ukunciphisa ukuguguleka kunye nomngcipheko wokushukuma okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-sensor. Nangona kunjalo, ukulinganiswa okucwangcisiweyo ngokuchasene nolwelo oluqhelekileyo kusafuneka, ingakumbi ukuba ukwakheka kolwelo olujoyiweyo kuyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yotshintsho kwimveliso okanye ukungenelela kwereservoir.
Ezi zisombululo zokulinganisa uxinano zihlala zidityaniswa neenkqubo zokuzenzekelayo ze-oilfield. Ukufunyanwa kwedatha yoxinano ngexesha langempela kuxhasa impendulo yenkqubo eqhubekayo, okuvumela ulawulo oluvaliweyo lwe-closed-loop ye-profile control agent dosing okanye i-plugging agent blending. Olu dibaniso lujonga uxinano lwee-arhente zeekhemikhali njengoko zifakwa, lubona naluphi na uphambuko olunokuphazamisa ukuhambelana kwe-reservoir, kwaye lulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo iiparameter zenkqubo ukuze kugcinwe unyango olufanelekileyo. Isiphumo kukulinganiswa koxinano oluchanekileyo lwe-inline kwii-plugging agents kunye ne-PAM dosing kwimigodi ye-injection yamanzi eyahlukeneyo—into ephambili yezicwangciso zanamhlanje zokubuyisela ioyile.
Ukugcina umkhondo woxinano oluchanekileyo noluthembekileyo ngezixhobo ezifana neemitha zoxinano zeLonnmeter ziqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-agent zokufaka iiplagi ngempumelelo, kunciphisa inkunkuma yeekhemikhali, kwaye kugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwemithombo. Usetyenziso luqala kungenelelo olulula lwe-single-well ukuya kwiinethiwekhi ezintsonkothileyo ze-multi-zone, ezizenzekelayo, apho ukulandelela uxinano lwee-agent zeekhemikhali ngexesha langempela kuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo iinjongo zokusebenza kwe-oyile.
Iindlela ezilungileyo zokulinganisa uxinano olukwi-Inline Density ngexesha langempela
Izikhokelo zokubekwa, ukulinganiswa, kunye nokugcinwa kweemitha zoxinano oluphakathi zisisiseko sokulinganisa okuzinzileyo nokuchanekileyo—ingakumbi kwizicelo zeendawo zeoyile ezifana nemithombo yokujova amanzi kunye neendawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo. Izixhobo ezifana nezo zaseLonnmeter kufuneka zibekwe kwiindawo zemibhobho apho ukuhamba kwamanzi kufana kwaye kufana. Oku kuthetha ukufumana iimitha kude neegophe, iivalvu, iipompo, kunye nayo nayiphi na imithombo yokuxinana ukuthintela ukuqhekeka okanye ukungena komoya, okunokuchaphazela ukuchaneka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5% ukuba akubonwanga. Indlela eqhelekileyo icebisa ubuncinci amaxesha ali-10 ububanzi bombhobho njengendlela ethe tye yokuya phezulu kunye namaxesha amahlanu ezantsi ukusuka kwisensor, exhasa ukulinganiswa okufanelekileyo kweearhente zokufaka okanye iiarhente zokulawula iprofayili ezifakwe kulawulo lwereservoir.
Ukufikeleleka kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kubalulekile. Faka izixhobo apho uhlolo oluqhelekileyo kunye nokulinganiswa kunokwenziwa khona ngokukhuselekileyo, ngaphandle kokuvezwa kakhulu kukungcangcazela okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ukujongwa kwesixhobo—ngokuthe tye okanye ngokuthe nkqo—kufuneka kulandele izikhokelo ezithile zeLonnmeter ukuze kugcinwe ukuthembeka kwesenzi kunye nobomi baso bonke.
Ukulinganisa kufuneka kuqale ekufakweni, kusetyenziswe ulwelo oluqinisekisiweyo olufana namanzi acocekileyo okanye eminye imigangatho elinganisiweyo kushishino ehambelana noluhlu loxinano lwearhente yokudibanisa ecetywayo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ukufundwa kokuqala kuchanekile kwaye kumisela isiseko sokujonga okuqhubekayo. Kwiindawo zokusebenza, cwangcisa ukulinganisa okuqhelekileyo—ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinyanga ezintandathu okanye ngonyaka—okulungelelaniswe nokuzinza kwesixhobo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Ukulinganisa kufuneka kuquke imbuyekezo yokuguquguquka kobushushu kunye noxinzelelo kusetyenziswa izinzwa ezifakwe ngaphakathi kunye ne-telemetry, njengoko ukufundwa koxinano lwe-PAM okanye ezinye iiarhente zeekhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa ukubuyiswa kweoyile okuphuculweyo zinovelwano kakhulu kolu tshintsho.
Ukuqinisekiswa kokulinganisa okungaphakathi kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuthatha iisampulu rhoqo kunye nokuhlalutya uxinano kwilebhu, iziphumo zithelekiswa nokufundwa kwendawo. Olu qheliselo, oluxhaswa ziingcebiso ezisekwe njenge-API RP 13B-2, lunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokulinganisa okuqhubekayo.
Iindlela zokusebenza eziqhubekayo zokujonga uxinano lwee-arhente zixhomekeke ekudibaniseni idatha yokulinganisa emgceni kunye neenkqubo zolawulo. Ukulandelelwa kwexesha langempela koxinano lwee-arhente zokufaka iiplagi zolawulo lweprofayili yedama kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba baphendule ngoko nangoko kwiimpazamo ekubunjweni okanye ekuxinaniseni, belungisa amaqhinga okufaka ii-reservoir ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukulinganiswa koxinano ngexesha langempela kuqaqambisa xa ulwakhiwo lwe-arhente yokufaka iikhemikhali luhluka kwinkcazo, nto leyo evumela isenzo sokulungisa ngokukhawuleza.
Ulawulo lwedatha yoxinano lubalulekile. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ezikwimigca kufuneka zibambe ngokuzenzekelayo yonke indawo yedatha, zibeke uphawu kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, kunye neziganeko zokulinganisa iilog. Uhlalutyo lwedatha olusebenzayo—ngokusebenzisa iigrafu zeendlela ezilandelwayo kunye neengxelo zezibalo—luxhasa ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ngokukhawuleza, luvumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo, kwaye lubonelela ngamaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho kwiiprojekthi zokujova amanzi. Abaqhubi kufuneka basebenzise le datha yoxinano ukuphucula ukubuyiswa kweoyile kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo, balungise uxinano lweearhente, kwaye baqinisekise ukusebenza kweearhente zolawulo lweprofayili ezisebenza kakuhle.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zeLonnmeter eziphambili zokulinganisa uxinano olungaphakathi kuxhasa ukwenziwa ngcono koxinano lweearhente zokufaka iikhemikhali, okuvumela amaqela eendawo zeoyile ukuba agcine ukusebenza kakuhle kweearhente zokufaka iiplagi kunye neearhente zokulawula iprofayili, ngakumbi kwimisebenzi enzima yokujova amanzi. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa, kudityaniswe neendlela zokulinganisa eziqinileyo kunye neendlela zolwazi, kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuqhubekayo kweenkqubo zokujonga uxinano olungaphakathi kweendawo zeoyile kwiPolyacrylamide (PAM) kunye nezicelo zeearhente ezinxulumene noko.
I-Polyacrylamide (PAM) kunye nezinye iikhemikhali zokulawula iprofayili: Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulinganisa
Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kulwelo oluqulethe i-polyacrylamide (PAM) kunye neearhente zokulawula iprofayili kwimigodi yokujova amanzi kufuna amaqhinga alungiselelwe iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zezi zinto. I-PAM—i-polymer esetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-plugging agent yolawulo lweprofayili yedama kunye nokuphucula ukubuyiswa kweoyile—ibonisa ukuphakama okuphezulu.ukuxinanakunye nokuziphatha kwesigaba esintsonkothileyo, okwenza kube nzima ukujonga uxinano ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha langempela.
Ukuxinana Okuphezulu kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweMidiya eSebenzayo
Izisombululo ze-PAM, ngakumbi xa zidityaniswe nee-cross-linkers ezifana ne-polyethylenimine (PEI), zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwi-gel, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-viscosity eguquguqukayo kunye noxinano. Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kwee-agents zokufaka kwii-oilfield applications kufuneka kuhambelane nee-gels, ukuhamba kwe-thixotropic, kunye neendawo ezininzi. Njengoko i-PAM isabela okanye ii-gels ngokuphendula kubushushu kunye nendawo yeekhemikhali, iindawo ezikwinkqubo enye yomlambo zinokubonisa uxinano olwahlukeneyo kunye noxinano ngaxeshanye, okwenza umlinganiselo ofanayo ube nzima. I-viscosity ngequbuliso inyusa impendulo ye-sensor ethambileyo, kwaye ukwahlukana kwesigaba (ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwi-semi-solid) kuphazamisa imigaqo ye-sensor eqhelekileyo efana ne-Coriolis okanye iindlela zetyhubhu ezingcangcazelayo, ezihlala zibangela ukulahleka okanye ukutyibilika kwesignali.
Amaqondo obushushu enkqubo kwi-injection yamanzi kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo ze-reservoir anokufikelela kwi-150°C, nto leyo eqinisa imingeni yokulinganisa. Ubushushu obuphezulu abukhawulezisi nje kuphela ukwakheka kwejeli kodwa bukwanyusa izinga lokuwohloka kwe-polymer, okuchaphazela zombini i-viscosity kunye noxinano. Ubukho bamanzi anetyuwa, i-glycerol eluhlaza, okanye ezinye izongezo zitshintsha ngakumbi indlela yokuziphatha kwe-rheological, ngoko ke izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinano lwe-injection yeekhemikhali kufuneka ziqine ngokuchasene notshintsho oluqhubekayo kwindawo ebonakalayo neyekhemikhali. Izifundo zasentsimini zibonisa ukuba ii-inline density sensors zinokufuna uhlengahlengiso okanye ukulungiswa rhoqo ukunciphisa ukungcola kwe-sensor kunye nokulahlekelwa buvakalelo ngenxa yokuguquguquka komxholo oqinileyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwejeli.
Ukujongana nemingeni yokuxinana kunye nemingeni yomxholo oqinileyo
Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kwee-plugging agents kuchatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngumthwalo we-solid particles kwi-PAM/PEI fluids. Njengoko izinto eziqinileyo okanye ii-flocs zibumbeka kwaye zihlala kwindawo yokwemba okanye ye-oilfield, uxinano oluhlala kwindawo ethile—kunye ne-viscosity—ziyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukusebenza kweenkqubo zokujonga uxinano oluphakathi kwe-oilfield. Umzekelo: ngexesha lokufaka ii-arhente zolawulo lweprofayili ezisekwe kwi-PAM kwiindawo zokugcina ezahlukeneyo, ukwakheka okunamandla kwee-gels eziqinileyo neziqinileyo kunokubangela ukwahlukana kwesigaba ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokuthintela okanye kukhethe ii-sensors zoxinano ezibekwe kumjelo, okuchaphazela ukuthembeka kwedatha.
Ukulandelela uxinano lwee-agent zeekhemikhali ngexesha langempela kufuna inkqubo yokulinganisa ekwaziyo ukusombulula olu tshintsho lukhawulezileyo. Iisensa eziphambili zingasebenzisa iindlela ze-ultrasound okanye zenyukliya ukoyisa imida yetekhnoloji eqhelekileyo, nangona ukuthembeka kwentsimi kwi-PAM yobushushu obuphezulu, kunye ne-multiphase flows kusasele yindawo yokuphucula rhoqo.
Iziphumo zokufaka i-plugging, ulawulo lweprofayili, kunye nokwandiswa kwe-Sweep
Ukuze ulawulo olusebenzayo lweprofayili kwimigodi yokujova amanzi kusetyenziswa i-PAM kunye nezinye ii-agents zokufaka iikhemikhali, ukugcina uxinano oluchanekileyo kubalulekile ekuqikeleleni ubunzulu bokufaka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuswela. Ukulungiswa koxinano lwe-agent yokufaka iintambo kumisela intshukumo yayo kwi-matrix ye-reservoir eyahlukileyo, okuchaphazela ukuhambelana kwayo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwayo ngokubanzi. Ulawulo loxinano olunganelanga lunokubangela i-gelation yangaphambi kwexesha ngaphakathi kwemigca yokujova okanye ukungena ngokwaneleyo kwisakhiwo se-oyile.
Ngexesha lokwandiswa kombane kunye nolawulo lokuhambelana, izicelo ze-PAM kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo zixhamla kwimpendulo eqhubekayo nechanekileyo malunga noxinano lolwelo. Ukungaphumeleli ukujongana nokuguquguquka koxinano ngenxa ye-viscosity kunye nezinto eziqinileyo kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweearhente zolawulo lweprofayili ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi zivumela ukungenelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo—njengokulungiswa kwesantya sokufaka okanye ukuguqulwa kwefomyula—ngokusekelwe kufundo lwexesha langempela. Uxinano lwe-agent yokuxhuma kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ke ngoko luba yiparameter ephambili yokusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kokufakwa kwamanzi kunye nolawulo lweendawo zokugcina amanzi.
Izibalo ezishwankathelweyo ezivela kuvavanyo zibonisa ukuba impazamo yokufunda uxinano ingadlula i-15% ngexesha lokuguqulwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-gelation okanye ukuguquguquka komxholo oqinileyo, nto leyo ebonisa isidingo sokulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwe-sensor ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka. Ukuphucula iteknoloji yokulinganisa uxinano kunye neenkqubo kubalulekile ekusetyenzisweni kwee-agents zokufaka amanzi ezikwimithombo yokujova amanzi kunye nezicelo ze-PAM eziqinileyo kulawulo lweprofayili ye-oyile.
Ukuphucula Ukwakhiwa Kweearhente kunye Neendlela Zokufaka Inaliti kusetyenziswa Idatha Yoxinano
Ukulinganisa uxinano ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ekulawuleni ulwakhiwo kunye nesicwangciso sokufaka iiprofayili zolawulo kunye nee-agents zokufaka amanzi kwimigodi yokujova amanzi, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zamachibi. Idatha yoxinano oluphakathi oluvela kwizixhobo ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter ivumela abaqhubi ukuba baphucule uxinano lwee-agents zeekhemikhali ezifana nePolyacrylamide (PAM) kunye nee-microspheres zepolymer eziphambili njengoko zijova, ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa ngokuchanekileyo okulungiselelwe iimeko zangoku zamachibi.
Impendulo yoxinano yiparameter ebalulekileyo yohlengahlengiso lwefomyula. Abaqhubi banokuguqula uxinaniso lweearhente kunye nomthamo weekhemikhali ngokujonga rhoqo uxinaniso lweearhente zokuxhuma ngaphambi nangexesha lokufaka. Umzekelo, ukuba umlinganiselo woxinano olungaphakathi ufumanisa ukuxutywa okungalindelekanga kumjelo weearhente zokuxhuma, inkqubo yolawulo inokunyusa ngokuzenzekelayo uxinaniso okanye ilungise umxube wearhente ukuze ubuyele kwiinkcukacha ezijoliswe kuzo. Le ndlela igcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-PAM okanye iifomyula ze-polymer microsphere ezininzi, inyusa ukusebenza kwazo kokuxhuma kwimithombo yokujova amanzi kunye nokunciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi okungalawulwayo kwiindawo eziphantsi kokungena kwamanzi.
Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphuculweyo kuphucula amaqhinga okukhukula ajikelezayo amaninzi. Ngokulandela utshintsho lwexesha langempela kuxinano lweearhente ngexesha lemijikelo yokufakwa kwenaliti elandelelanayo, iinjineli zinokulungisa umjikelo ngamnye—ukunciphisa ukunganyangeki okanye ukugqithiswa kweendawo ezithile zamanzi. Kwizikhukula ezidibeneyo, ezifana nokusetyenziswa ngokulandelelana kwee-polymer microspheres ezilandelwa zii-gel agents, ukujonga uxinano kuchonga ukusebenza kakuhle komxube kwaye kukhuthaza uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo ukuze kulawulwe ukuhambelana okuphezulu.
Itshathi engezantsi ibonisa ubudlelwane phakathi koxinano lweearhente, uxinzelelo lwe-injection, kunye nezinga lokubuyisa ioyile kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezijikelezayo:
Izinga lokuBuyisa xa kuthelekiswa noxinano lwe-Agent kunye noxinzelelo lwe-Injection | Uxinano lwe-Agent (g/cm³) | Uxinzelelo lwe-Injection (MPa) | Izinga lokuBuyisa (%) |
|-------------------------|- ...|
| 1.05 | 12 | 47 |
| 1.07 | 13 | 52 |
| 1.09 | 14 | 56 |
| 1.11 | 15 | 59 |
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza ekulinganisweni koxinano, okufana nokufezekiswa kwiinkqubo zokubeka esweni uxinano olungaphakathi kwiLonnmeter, kuthintela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhanjiswa kwemisele. Ukulandelela uxinano ngexesha langempela kuqinisekisa ukuba iarhente yokuxhuma ixinene ngokwaneleyo, nto leyo ethintela uphuhliso lwemisele yamanzi ekhethekileyo enokuphazamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuntywila. Ingxelo ekhawulezileyo yoxinano ivumela abaqhubi ukuba baphakamise uxinzelelo lwe-injection okanye baphinde balinganise ulwakhiwo, baqinisekise ukufakelwa okufanayo kunye nokukhusela iindawo zamanzi ezibuthathaka.
Ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwedatha yesignali yoxinano kuphucula ulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-injection. Abaqhubi banokusabela kutshintsho kuxinano oluchaphazela ukuxinana kolwelo kunye noxinzelelo, ngaloo ndlela begcina useto olufanelekileyo lwepompo kwaye bathintele ucinezelo olugqithisileyo okanye ukusebenza okungekho semgangathweni. Le ndlela iqhutywa yidatha inyusa ukubuyiswa kweoyile iyonke ngelixa inciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kweekhemikhali okanye ukufakelwa okunganelanga.
Kwizicelo kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo, ukulungiswa koxinano oluchanekileyo lweearhente zeekhemikhali—ingakumbi i-PAM okanye ii-microspheres zepolymer ezininzi—zilungelelanisa iprofayili yoomatshini neyekhemikhali yearhente yokuxhuma kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezakhiwo zemingxuma edwaleni. Isiphumo kukuphucuka kokusebenza kakuhle kokukhuhla kunye nokuphuculwa kwexesha elide ekubuyiselweni kweoyile kwimithombo yokujova amanzi. Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kuhlala kuyitekhnoloji esisiseko yokusebenza kweearhente zeekhemikhali, ukulungiswa kwexesha langempela, kunye nolawulo olucwangcisiweyo kwimisebenzi yanamhlanje ye-oyile.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
Ibaluleke ngantoni indlela yokulinganisa uxinano olungaphakathi kwi-arhente zolawulo lweprofayili?
Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni imithombo yokujova amanzi ngokuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bajonge ukwakheka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweearhente zolawulo lweprofayili ngexesha langempela. Ngokuhamba kwedatha okuqhubekayo, iinjineli zasentsimini zinokuqinisekisa ukuba iiarhente zolawulo lweprofayili, ezifana neearhente zokufaka iikhemikhali, zixutywe kwaye zifakwe kwiingqinisiso ezicwangcisiweyo. Oku kuxhasa ukulungiswa kwangoko kweeparameter zokujova, ukunciphisa idosi egqithisileyo okanye idosi engaphantsi, kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukuqonda koxinano oluphakathi ngexesha langempela kukwavumela ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kwanoma yikuphi ukuphambuka kwiipropati zolwelo, okuvumela ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza ukugcina uzinzo lwenkqubo kunye nokufezekisa ukutyibilika okufanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwidama. Iimitha zoxinano oluphakathi zinceda ukuthintela imiba efana nokuhambisa ngokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa rhoqo kweearhente kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo, ukuphucula ngokuthe ngqo ulawulo lwedama kunye namazinga okubuyisela ioyile.
Uxinano lwee-plugging agents luyichaphazela njani indlela ezisebenza ngayo kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo?
Uxinano lwe-agent yokuxhuma luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indlela esebenza ngayo kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo nezingafaniyo. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinano lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-agent ifikelela kwiindawo ekujoliswe kuzo, njengoko ii-agents ezingaphantsi koxinano zibeka emngciphekweni wokudlula iindlela zokungena kwamanzi aphezulu, ngelixa ii-agents ezixineneyo kakhulu zinokuhlala ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye zivale iindawo ezingafunekiyo. Oku kuhambelana koxinano kuqinisekisa ukuba i-agent yokuxhuma ifuduka ngokufanelekileyo, kunciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi okungafunekiyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshiza. Ukuze isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, ukulinganiswa koxinano ngexesha langempela kuvumela ukubonwa nokulungiswa kokutshintsha koxinano ngoko nangoko, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa amandla okuvimba kwe-agent kwaye kuphuculwe ukubuyiswa kweoyile ngokuqinisekisa ukuba isebenza njengoko yenzelwe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo.
Zeziphi izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokulinganisa uxinano ngexesha langempela kwimigodi yokujova amanzi?
Imilinganiselo yoxinano ethembekileyo yexesha langempela kwindawo enzima yemithombo yokujova amanzi ifuna izixhobo eziqinileyo nezimelana neekhemikhali. Iimitha zokuhamba zeCoriolis kunye neetyhubhu ezingcangcazelayo zihlala zisetyenziswa ngenxa yokuchaneka kwazo okuqinisekisiweyo kunye nokufaneleka kokusetyenziswa ngaphakathi. Ezi zixhobo zimelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu, amaqondo obushushu aguquguqukayo, kunye neendawo ezinoburhalarhume zeekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo kwimisebenzi yokujova, zibonelela ngokubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo kweearhente zokuplaga kunye neearhente zokulawula iprofayili ngaphandle kokulungiswa rhoqo. Idatha eveliswa zezi mitha ibalulekile ekulandeleni inkqubo kunye nokulungiswa kwangoko, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusebenza kwintsimi.
Kutheni ukulinganisa uxinano lwePolyacrylamide (PAM) kunzima kwizicelo zolawulo lweprofayili?
Ukulinganisa uxinano lwePolyacrylamide (PAM), iarhente yokulawula iprofayili esetyenziswa kakhulu kwimithombo yokujova amanzi, kuzisa imingeni ekhethekileyo yokusebenza. Ubunzima obuphezulu be-PAM kunye nokuthambekela kwayo kokwahlulwa kwesigaba kunye nokufakwa kwe-gelation phantsi kweemeko ezithile kunokuphazamisana neendlela eziqhelekileyo zokulinganisa uxinano. Oku kudla ngokukhokelela ekufundweni okungazinzanga. Ukuze kugcinwe ukuchaneka, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezingaphakathi emgceni ezineedizayini eziphuculweyo—ezifana nee-densitometers zeetyhubhu ezizicocayo—kunye neenkqubo zokulungisa rhoqo ziyafuneka. Ukulinganiswa rhoqo kunye nokuqaphela ukungcola okanye ukuvalelwa kwamaqamza omoya kuqinisekisa ngakumbi ukuba idatha yoxinano ihlala ithembekile, ixhasa ukusasazwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezisombululo ezisekwe kwi-PAM kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezahlukeneyo.
Ngaba idatha yoxinano ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula amaqhinga okufaka ii-arhente zolawulo lweprofayili?
Ewe, ukudibanisa idatha yoxinano lwexesha langempela kulawulo lwe-injection kunika amandla abaqhubi ukuba balungise ngokuguquguqukayo idosi, uxinaniso, kunye namazinga okuhamba kwee-arhente zolawulo lweprofayili kunye nee-agents zokufaka ngokufanayo. Olu qwalaselo lwe-granular lwenza ukuba ii-arhente zibekwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zivale ngokufanelekileyo imijelo yokungena okuphezulu ngaphakathi kwee-reservoirs ezahlukeneyo. Amaqhinga okulungelelanisa asekelwe kufundo loxinano olungaphakathi aphucula ukuhambelana kwe-reservoirs, agcine usasazo loxinzelelo olufunekayo, kwaye anciphise inkcitho yeekhemikhali. Isiphumo yindlela esebenza kakuhle nephendulayo ekuphuculweni kokubuyiswa kweoyile—ingakumbi exabisekileyo kwiindawo ze-oyile ezinzima okanye ezivuthiweyo—ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo nganye ifumana unyango oluphuculweyo lwe-agent njengoko iimeko zitshintsha kuyo yonke inkqubo yokujova.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-12-2025
