Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inlineukubona uxinzelelo lwegazi kwizixhobo zokucubungula igesi, okuvumela ukuba abaqhubi baphendule ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimeko zenkqubo ezingazinzanga. Izilumkiso zakwangoko ezivela kumlinganiselo ophakathi zinceda ukuthintela ukuphambuka okubangela ukungalingani kwenkqubo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo.
Umzekelo, uyilo lwenqaba yokufunxa luxhomekeke kuxinzelelo olusebenzayo oluzinzileyo. Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezingaphakathi zijonga iimeko zenqaba ukuze zigcine ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokususa igesi ye-asidi. Ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo lwenqaba kunokuchaphazela iindlela zokususa igesi ye-asidi ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yendalo ngokutshintsha amazinga okudlulisa ubunzima okanye okubangela ulwelo oluhambayo, nto leyo efuna amanyathelo okulungisa ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela iiyunithi ezisezantsi.
Ukucocwa kwe-Ethane
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Iimfuneko zokuthobela imithetho, ukhuseleko, kunye nokukhuselwa kwempahla
Iinkqubo zokususa igesi ene-asidi yegesi yendalo zisengozini enkulu yokugqwala okubangelwa ziikhompawundi ze-asidi kunye nokufuma.Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo olusemgceniivumela ukubonwa kwangoko kokwehla koxinzelelo okungaqhelekanga, ukuphawula ukuvuza okunokwenzeka kunye nokugqwala ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukungasebenzi. Abaqhubi basebenzisa idatha yoxinzelelo yexesha langempela ukuqalisa ukuthintela ukugqwala kwizityalo zegesi, ukunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa kunye nokulahleka kwemveliso. Idatha yokudlulisela emgceni ikwavumela ulawulo lwangaphambi kwexesha lokuvaleka kwe-condensate kwimibhobho, okunokuthi kungenjalo kuthintele ukuhamba kwaye kukhokelele ekungcoleni kwamasuntswana kwiiyunithi zokucubungula igesi.
Ukutshintshatshintsha kwemiqondiso kwiitransmitter zenkqubo kudla ngokubonisa ukungazinzi kokuhamba okanye ukuqokelelwa komoya obandayo. Ukubeka iliso kwiindlela zoxinzelelo kunceda ekusombululeni ukuguquguquka kwemiqondiso kunye nokulindela iimeko eziphazamisayo, okuvumela ulawulo olusebenzayo. Le ndlela ixhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko lokusebenza kunye namaqhinga okugcina ukuthembeka kwempahla abalulekileyo kwiindawo zokucubungula igesi.
Ukwandisa Isivuno seeAsethi kunye nokuSebenza kakuhle kwamandla
Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo olusemgceni kuphucula ngokuthe ngqo ukulungiswa komsebenzi wobushushu be-reboiler, kuxhasa ukubalwa komsebenzi wobushushu be-reboiler kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwi-distillation kunye nokusebenza kwenqaba yokuvuselela. Kwiinqaba zokufunxa ekucutshungulweni kwegesi, idatha yoxinzelelo ikhokela ukubalwa komlinganiselo we-reflux wokucubungula igesi, ichaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokucoca i-ethane kunye neendlela zokubuyisa igesi ezinxulumene noko.
Ukuhlanganiswa nezixhobo ezikwimigca efana nemitha yoxinzelelo olukwimigca, imitha yoxinano olukwimigca yeLonnmeter, imitha yoxinano olukwimigca, itransmitter yenqanaba elikwimigca, kunye netransmitter yobushushu obukwimigca ibonelela ngokubekwa kweliso kwempahla ngokupheleleyo. Olu lwakhiwo lwedatha olupheleleyo lukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwegesi okunxulumene kakuhle kwiindawo zeoyile negesi, ukuqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu kunye nokusasazwa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon ngokufanelekileyo. Ukulinganiswa koxinzelelo oluchanekileyo kuxhasa uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo kwiinguqu zenkqubo, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokwandisa imbuyekezo kwizityalo ezilawula ukubuyiswa kwe-ethane kunye nokucocwa kwiinkqubo zegesi yendalo.
Isishwankathelo seGesi ene-Acid, kunye nokuCwangciswa kweGesi eNxulumeneyo
Iinkqubo zeyunithi yokususa igesi ye-asidi ekunyangweni kwegesi zixhomekeke ekususeni i-CO₂ kunye ne-H₂S ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zemarike kunye nokusingqongileyo. Umgaqo oqhelekileyo kukufunxwa kweekhemikhali, ingakumbi iinkqubo ezisekwe kwi-amine. Uyilo kunye nomsebenzi wenqaba yokufunxwa zibalulekile, ziququzelela unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kwegesi yendalo ehamba phezulu kunye ne-amine yolwelo ehamba ezantsi. Le nkqubo ibamba iigesi ze-asidi kwisisombululo se-amine.
Iinqaba zokufunxa xa kusetyenzwa igesi zifuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lweeparamitha zokusebenza ezifana nexesha lokudibana, ubushushu, kunye noxinzelelo, njengoko ezi zinto zichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokususa kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Emva kokufunxa, i-amine etyebileyo igeleza iye kwinqaba yokuvuselela. Apha, ubushushu bukhulula iigesi ze-asidi ezifunxayo, bubuyisele i-amine ukuze isetyenziswe kwakhona. Lo mjikelo uphindwe kabini—ukufunxa kunye nokusebenza kwenqaba yokuvuselela—ubalulekile kwinkqubo.
Inkqubo yokuhlaziya igesi kunyango lwegesi ibandakanya ukubalwa komsebenzi wobushushu be-reboiler ukuze kuphuculwe igalelo lamandla obushushu, ukulinganisela ukusebenza kakuhle kokususa igesi ye-asidi kunye nemingcipheko yokubola kwe-amine. Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zisebenzisa iindlela eziphuculweyo ezifana nenkqubo yeSulfinol-X, edibanisa ukufunxwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokwenyama ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, ingakumbi kwimijelo yegesi enzima. Utshintsho kwiindlela zokususa igesi ye-asidi ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yendalo luvumela amazinga aphantsi okujikeleza kwe-solvent kunye neemfuno zamandla.
Umngcipheko wokugqwala ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yendalo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinegesi ene-asidi, ufuna ukukhethwa kwesinyithi kunye nokuthintela ukugqwala kwizityalo zegesi, ukusebenzisa ukuhluzwa kwe-amine, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu, kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo.
Iindlela zoBuyiselo lweGesi eziHlanganisiweyo kunye neNzuzo
Igesi ehambelanayo, edla ngokuveliswa kunye neoyile eluhlaza, iqulathe iihydrocarbons ezixabisekileyo. Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokubuyisa igesi ezinxulumeneyo zibalulekile ngenxa yezizathu zoqoqosho nezokusingqongileyo. Ukubuyisa kungabandakanya ukuphinda kusetyenziswe igesi, ukuthengiswa ngokuthe ngqo, ukuguqulwa kube yi-LNG okanye ii-NGL, okanye ukuveliswa kombane. Indlela nganye ixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwegesi ehambelanayo kwioyile nakwigesi, ukwandisa ixabiso lezixhobo kunye nokunciphisa ukutsha rhoqo.
Ukubeka esweni okungaphakathi—okufana ne-inline viscosity kunye ne-density metres ezivela eLonnmeter—kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokuchongwa kwangoko kweengxaki ezifana nokuguquguquka kwesignali kwiiinkqubo zokuhambisaUkubekwa rhoqo kwe-inline pressure transmitter kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kunceda ekufumaneni nasekunciphiseni izizathu zokudakumba koxinzelelo, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza kwesityalo ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuthembekileyo.
Kwindlela esebenza ngayo i-hydrocarbon gas processing plant, i-gas edibeneyo efunyenweyo iyahlulwa, icocwe, kwaye ithunyelwe kwiimarike ezifanelekileyo okanye kwiiteknoloji zokuguqula. Ukulinganisa okucwangcisiweyo kuvumela iinjineli ukuba zisombulule ngokukhawuleza ukuguquguquka kwesignali kwaye zenze ukuba impendulo ikhawuleze kwiingxaki zokuvaleka kwe-condensation, ukungcola kwamasuntswana, okanye izoyikiso zokugqwala ezivelayo.
Ukuguqulwa kwemithombo yegesi ibe ziimveliso eziluncedo kufuna uyilo olusebenzayo: umlinganiselo we-reflux ophuculweyo kwi-distillation, umsebenzi wobushushu we-reboiler obaliweyo, ulawulo oluqinileyo lwe-particles fouling, kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili. Olu dibaniso luqhuba inzuzo, lugxininisa ukubaluleka koxinzelelo kunye nokujonga umgangatho kulo lonke uthotho lokucubungula.
Amanqanaba eNkqubo aBalulekileyo kuNyango lweGesi yeAcid kunye neHydrocarbon
Iinqaba zokufunxa kwiGesi
Iinqaba zokufunxa ziyinxalenye ephambili yeenkqubo zokususa igesi ye-asidi yegesi yendalo. Uyilo lwazo kufuneka luxhase ukususwa kwegesi ye-asidi rhoqo, kugcinwe ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wegesi. Ukulinganiswa okuzinzileyo nokuthembekileyo kwamanqanaba oxinzelelo kunye nolwelo ngaphakathi kwinqaba yokufunxa kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kweendlela zokususa igesi ye-asidi ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yendalo. Ingxelo yexesha langempela ivumela abaqhubi ukuba balungise amazinga okuhamba kwe-solvent, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-absorption medium ihlala ikwindawo efanelekileyo yokulayisha ukuze kubanjwe i-CO₂ kunye ne-H₂S.
Ukugcinwa komlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-reflux kwi-distillation kubalulekile ukwahlula ii-hydrocarbons kwiigesi ze-asidi, ingakumbi kwinkqubo yokucoca i-ethane. Ukuze kubalwe umlinganiselo we-reflux othembekileyo ekucutshungulweni kwegesi, abathumeli boxinzelelo abazinikeleyo babonelela ngedatha ephilayo ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kweetreyi ze-distillation. Le datha ivumela iinkqubo zolawulo ukubala umlinganiselo we-reflux ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zilungise ngokukhawuleza ukuhamba, zizinzise ubunyulu bemveliso kunye namazinga okubuyisela. Kwiindlela eziphambili zokubuyisela igesi ezinxulumene nazo, impendulo yothumeli ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuzinzileyo kunye nokusebenza okuguquguqukayo, ukunciphisa ilahleko zokuqalisa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kweetowers zokufunxa ekucutshungulweni kwegesi.
Inkqubo Yokusebenza Kwenqaba Yokuvuselela Nokuvuselela Kwinyango Lwegesi
Ukusebenza kwenqaba yokuvuselela kubalulekile ekubuyiseleni amandla e-solvent kwiinkqubo zeyunithi yokususa igesi ene-asidi. Ibhalansi echanekileyo yobushushu kunye neye-hydraulic ixhomekeke ekulinganisweni koxinzelelo oluphakathi ngexesha langempela kwiindawo eziphambili zenqaba. Ezi zilinganiso zibona ukuphambuka kuxinzelelo lwekholamu okubangelwa kukukhukula, ukulila, okanye ukusasazwa kakubi, okunokonakalisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvuselelwa kwe-solvent.
Idatha yoxinzelelo, idityaniswe nolwazi lobushushu kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi, yondla ngokuthe ngqo ekubalweni komsebenzi wobushushu be-reboiler, ipharamitha ebalulekileyo yokuphucula ukusebenza kwesityalo sokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon. Ii-inline transmitters ziququzelela ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo kwezizathu zoxinzelelo, ezinokubangelwa kukungcangcazela kwepompo, incoko yevalvu yokulawula, okanye ukungazinzi kokuhamba komphunga. Ngokuchonga ezi ziphazamiso kwangethuba, abaqhubi banokwenza ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-pulse, balungise umsebenzi we-reboiler, kwaye bagcine ukuhlaziywa kwe-solvent ngaphakathi kweenkcukacha zoyilo lwabo. Oku kuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo ukulungiswa komsebenzi wobushushu be-reboiler kunye nokuthembeka ngokubanzi kokusebenza kunyango lwegesi.
Ulawulo lweCondensate kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokugqwala
Ukuvaleka kwe-condensate kwimibhobho nakwizixhobo zokucubungula kubeka emngciphekweni ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye nokugqwala. Ii-inline pressure transmitters zibonisa utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ekuweleni koxinzelelo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuqokelelwa kwe-condensate okunokwenzeka. Ezi zilumkiso zikhawulezayo zivumela abaqhubi ukuba bathathe inyathelo ngaphambi kokuba ukuvaleka kunyuke, nto leyo enciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa. Esi sixhobo soxinzelelo sinye silumkisa ngokungcoliswa kwee-particles kwiiyunithi zokucubungula igesi, nto leyo ebonisa ukufakelwa kwesihluzo okanye iidiphozithi zetreyi kwinqanaba lokuqala.
Ukuxhasa ukuthintela ukugqwala kwizityalo zegesi, ukuqinisekiswa kobunyani boxinzelelo lwenkqubo okuqhubekayo kufumanisa ukuvuza, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwetywina, okanye ukunyuka koxinzelelo okungaqhelekanga—iimeko ezinokubangela ukuhlaselwa yi-asidi okanye ukukhawulezisa ukulahleka kwesinyithi. Uvavanyo lwedatha oluqhelekileyo luqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko wokugqwala amiselweyo. Ekusetyenzisweni kwegesi enxulumene noko kwioyile negesi, ukujonga uxinzelelo okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo yexesha elide kunye nokhuseleko lokusebenza.
Ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kweenxalenye kunye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesignali
Ukulinganisa okucwangcisiweyo kuvumela ukubonwa kokungcola kweenxalenye ngotshintsho kuxinzelelo olwahlukileyo kwiifilitha, iitreyi, okanye iindawo zokupakisha. Ukuchongwa kwangethuba kweendlela zoxinzelelo kuvumela abasebenzi bezityalo ukuba basebenzise iindlela zokulawula ukungcola kweenxalenye ezifana nokutshintsha izihluzi, iindlela zokuhlamba, okanye ukulungiswa kwenkqubo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele imida ebalulekileyo.
Ukuguquguquka kwemiqondiso kwiitransmitter zenkqubo kubeka umngeni ekuchanekeni kwedatha kwiiteknoloji zokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon. Ukusombulula iingxaki kugxile ekuchongeni imiba yentambo, ii-ground loops, kunye nemithombo yokungcangcazela enokubangela ukufundwa okungaguqukiyo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kokulinganisa kunye nokufakwa kunciphisa ukushukuma, ukugcina ukusebenza kwetransmitter kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi. Ukusebenza kwetransmitter ezinzileyo kubalulekile kwireyithingi echanekileyo ye-reflux, umsebenzi wobushushu, kunye nokubala ukuhamba kwamanzi, konke oku kuxhasa imisebenzi yokususa igesi ye-asidi echanekileyo nekhuselekileyo.
Izixhobo Zokusebenza Kakuhle: Ii-Inline Pressure Transmitters kunye nee-Advanced Sensors
Izicelo kunye noLungiso lwe-Rosemount Differential Pressure Transmitter 3051
Ukubekwa ngobuchule kweRosemount 3051 differential pressure transmitter kwiinkqubo zokususa igesi ye-asidi yegesi yendalo kuphucula ukuchaneka kolawulo ngexesha lemisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana nokukrwela igesi emuncu kunye nokufunxwa kwe-amine. Kwiiteknoloji zokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon, ezi transmitters zivumela ukujonga okuzinzileyo kuzo zonke ii-absorber kunye nee-regeneration towers, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokususa igesi ye-asidi kunye nokuxhasa inkqubo yokucoca i-ethane esebenzayo ngokubonelela ngokufundwa koxinzelelo okuthembekileyo kokubalwa komlinganiselo we-reflux kunye nokwenza ngcono umsebenzi wobushushu be-reboiler.
Inkqubo yokulinganisa iRosemount 3051 ikhokelwa ziinkqubo zomenzi, igxininisa ukubaluleka kokulungiswa kwe-zero trim kunye ne-span phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza. Uyilo kunye nomsebenzi wenqaba yokufunxa, ukulinganisa i-transmitter ngokuchasene noxinzelelo lwenkqubo olulindelekileyo kuthintela ukuguquguquka kwesignali ukusombulula iingxaki kufutshane neetreyi zekholamu kunye nexesha lokubetha koxinzelelo kwizixhobo zokucubungula igesi. Ukulinganisa kukwanciphisa ukushukuma komlinganiselo okubangelwa ziingxaki zokuvaleka kwe-condensate kunye nezisombululo, umngcipheko wokugqwala ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yendalo, okanye ukungcola kwamasuntswana kwiiyunithi zokucubungula igesi—ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesignali kwiindlela zokubuyisa igesi ezinxulumene noko kunye nokulungiswa kwesityalo sokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon.
Iimpawu zeRosemount 2088 Pressure Transmitter kunye noDibaniso lweSithili
I-Rosemount 2088 pressure transmitter yenzelwe ukuqina kwiindawo ezirhabaxa nezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu eziqhelekileyo kwiiyunithi zokucubungula igesi. Indlu yayo eqinileyo, ukutywina okuphucukileyo, kunye nezixhobo ezimelana neekhemikhali zikhusela umngcipheko wokugqwala kunye neendlela zokulawula ukungcola kwamasuntswana, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwimithombo yenkqubo kwiindlela zokususa igesi ene-asidi ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yendalo.
Ukudibanisa kubandakanya ukuthotyelwa kwezikhokelo zokufakelwa nokugcinwa kweRosemount 2088. Ukufakelwa kwentsimi kufuneka kuthintele ukuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwizizathu zokungcangcazela kunye noxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa, kunye noqhagamshelo oluqinisiweyo ngokweemfuno ze-torque ukuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokuguquguquka kwesignali. Iingcali zihlala zikhetha i-2088 yokujonga iikholamu zokubuyisela i-hydrocarbon, ukusebenza kwenqaba yokuvuselela, kunye nemigca ebalulekileyo ye-condensate apho ukuvaleka kwe-condensate kwimibhobho kuyinkxalabo. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-sensor rhoqo kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona, ngokujolisa ngakumbi kutshintsho lwendalo kunye nemijikelo yokubala ubushushu be-reboiler, kugcina ukuthembeka kwenkqubo ekusebenziseni igesi ehambelanayo kwioyile nakwigesi.
Indima yeeSensors eziNgcono kwiZityalo zeGesi
Ukongezwa kwee-sensors zasimahla ezikwi-inline, ezifana ne-imitha yoxinano olusemgceni or imitha ye-viscosity emgcenieyenziwe yiLonnmeter, yandisa ulwazi olusebenzayo ngaphaya kokujonga uxinzelelo. Umzekelo, ukudibanisa imitha yoxinzelelo olusemgceni ecaleni kwesixhobo sokudlulisa uxinzelelo kwinqaba yokufunxa kwenza ukuba kulandelelwe ngaxeshanye iindlela zokulayisha igesi ye-asidi kwaye kubonelela ngesilumkiso kwangethuba sokungcoliswa okanye ukuvaleka. Iimitha zoxinano olusemgceni ziphucula ulawulo lwenkqubo ngokuqinisekisa umgangatho wegesi kunye nokwakheka kwayo, kubalulekile ekubuyiselweni kwe-ethane kunye nokucocwa kwegesi yendalo kunye nokwenza ngcono umlinganiselo we-reflux kwi-distillation.
Iimitha ze-viscosity ezikwi-inline zinegalelo ekufumaneni nasekuthinteleni ukungcola kwee-particles, kwaye zenza ukuba uvavanyo olungcono lwendlela yokuhamba kwamanzi kwimijelo yegesi ye-hydrocarbon. Ii-transmitters ze-inline level ezidityaniswe neeyunithi zoxinzelelo ziqinisekisa ukujonga ngokuchanekileyo i-interfaces yolwelo kwi-absorbers nakwiikholamu zokuvuselela, zithintela iimeko zokugcwala kwaye zixhasa inkqubo yokuvuselela kunyango lwegesi. Ii-transmitters ze-inline temperature ziqinisekisa amaqondo obushushu enkqubo, zincedisa idatha yoxinzelelo yokulawula i-reboiler eqinileyo kunye ne-heater, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni ngcono ubushushu be-reboiler.
Ukusasazwa ngempumelelo kufuna ukufanisa iintlobo zesensor kunye neendawo zokufakela ukuze kulungiswe imingeni efana nokuguquguquka kwesignali, ukuthintela ukugqwala kwizityalo zegesi, kunye nokunciphisa ukuvaleka kwe-condensate. Ngokusebenzisa ii-transmitters zoxinzelelo ezine-inline density kunye ne-viscosity metres zeLonnmeter, abaqhubi bafumana ukubonakala okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo, ulawulo lomngcipheko wokugqwala, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwezityalo zokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon.
Ukuhlanganiswa neeNkqubo zoLawulo
Ukuze ufumane imbuyekezo ephezulu evela kwimilinganiselo ethe ngqo, dibanisa iziphumo zothumelo kwinkqubo yolawulo olusasazwe kwisityalo (i-DCS) okanye kwindawo yokulawula kunye nokufunyanwa kwedatha (i-SCADA). Imiqondiso ye-analog 4–20 mA ihlala isemgangathweni wokuhambelana okuqinileyo, kushishino lonke. Apho ifumaneka khona, sebenzisa iiprotokholi zonxibelelwano lwedijithali (umz., i-HART, i-Foundation Fieldbus) ukuze ufumane uxilongo lwexesha langempela kunye nokudluliselwa kweeparameter eziguquguqukayo ezininzi.
Iinkqubo zoqhagamshelo zihlala zithumela iziphumo zomthumeli kwiibhodi zesiphelo zokufaka kumagumbi olawulo aphakathi. Sebenzisa iintambo ezikhuselweyo ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kwaye uphephe ukuhambisa ngokuhambelana nemigca ye-voltage ephezulu, ebangela ukuguquguquka kwesignali kwii-transmitters zenkqubo. Kwiqela le-transmitter kumanqanaba abalulekileyo—njengalawo asezantsi kwe-regeneration tower okanye ngaphaya kwe-reflux kunye nokuhlolwa komsebenzi we-reboiler—nika iziteshi zokufaka ezizinikeleyo ngaphakathi kwe-DCS ukuqinisekisa ukuthambekela okungaphazamisekiyo kunye nolawulo lwe-alamu.
Seta ulandelelwano lwelogic kwinkqubo yolawulo ukuze wenze ii-alamu kunye nee-interlocks zibe zenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo. Umzekelo, qhagamshela i-transmitter output kwiindawo eziphantsi zepayipi kwiivalvu ezizenzekelayo okanye ii-drain traps ukuze usombulule ukuvaleka kwe-condensate kwipayipi ngokukhawuleza xa kufunyenwe ukuhla koxinzelelo. Kufuneka ukungenelela okumbalwa komqhubi, okunciphisa ukujongwa ngesandla kunye nomthwalo womqhubi ngexesha lokucutshungulwa kwegesi ye-hydrocarbon okuqhubekayo.
Onke amanyathelo okudibanisa kufuneka ahambelane nokuhlelwa kombane, ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi, kunye neendlela zokumisa umhlaba ezihambelana neendawo zezityalo zegesi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokugqwala, ukungcola kweenxalenye, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenkqubo iyonke. Ukufakelwa ngobuchule kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo yeetransmitter zoxinzelelo ngoko ke kwenza kube lula ukujonga kwangaphambili kubalulekile kwiindlela zokubuyisa igesi ezinxulumene nokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuphucula okuqhubekayo iinkqubo zokususa igesi yendalo.
Iingenelo ze-Advanced InlineUxinzeleloUmlinganiselo
Ukuphuculwa kweNkqubo ye-OPEX esezantsi kunye ne-Higher Throughput
Izisombululo zokulinganisa ezisemgangathweni ezifana nezinzwa zoxinzelelo, iimitha zoxinano, kunye neemitha ze-viscosity zinceda ekwenzeni ngcono i-hydrocarbon gas processing plant. Idatha yoxinzelelo lwexesha langempela, kunye negalelo elivela kwiinzwa ezongezelelweyo ezifana neemitha ze-Lonnmeter inline density kunye ne-viscosity, zivumela amaqhinga okulawula i-closed-loop achanekileyo. Umzekelo, ukujonga ngokuqhubekayo uxinzelelo kunye noxinano kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ngaphakathi kweetower zokufunxa kunye neetower zokuvuselela kuvumela ukulungiswa kakuhle kweeparameter ezifana ne-reflux ratio kunye nomsebenzi wobushushu be-reboiler.
Ukubalwa komsebenzi wobushushu be-reboiler olungiselelwe kakuhle—okusekelwe kwimpendulo echanekileyo ye-sensor—kunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza (OPEX). Ngokuzinzisa igalelo lobushushu kunye nokulungisa ukuphambuka, izityalo zinokunyusa amandla ngaphandle kokunciphisa ubunyulu bemveliso. Ekubuyiselweni nasekucocweni kwe-ethane kwimithombo yegesi yendalo, imilinganiselo echanekileyo ye-inline ixhasa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwamacandelo enqaba yokufunxa kwaye inciphise imfuno yamandla kwiinkqubo zokuvuselela kunye ne-reflux. Olu ngenelelo lunegalelo ekuphuculweni kwenzuzo, okwenza izixhobo eziphambili ze-inline zibe yimfuneko yokugcina ukhuphiswano lwezoqoqosho kwiindlela zokubuyisa igesi ezinxulumene nazo.
Ukuncitshiswa koMngcipheko kunye noBude bexesha leeAsethi
Izinzwa ezikwimigca zibonelela ngokhuseleko olusebenzayo kwiingozi eziphambili ekucutshungulweni kwegesi. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kuxinzelelo kufumanisa ukutyhafa koxinzelelo—isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokudinwa koomatshini kunye nokusilela kwezixhobo kwiiyunithi zokucubungula igesi. Imiqondiso yokuqala yokutyhafa ivumela abaqhubi ukuba banciphise uxinzelelo kwiitywina, ii-gaskets, kunye nezinto zangaphakathi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ilahleko okanye i-capex engacwangciswanga. Ubuninzi kunye nokufundwa kwe-viscosity okuvelaILonnmeterIzixhobo zinika ingxelo ngexesha langempela malunga nokuba kukho ukungcola kwee-particles. Ukuphambuka kubonisa ukuqala kokwakheka kwee-particles okunokuthintela imibhobho okanye iitreyi zetower zokufunxa, okuvumela ukugcinwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elibizayo.
Umngcipheko wokugqwala yenye ingxaki ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokususa igesi ye-asidi yegesi yendalo. Ukulinganisa okucwangcisiweyo kuchonga ukuhla koxinzelelo okungaqhelekanga okanye utshintsho kuxinano olubonisa ukuvaleka kwe-condensate, ukungena kwamanzi, okanye ukugqobhoza kwegesi ye-asidi. Ukufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kuxhasa amanyathelo okuthintela andisa ixesha elide leempahla. Xa zidityanisiwe, ezi zakhono zinceda ukugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nokukhuselekileyo ngelixa zikhusela iziseko zezityalo.
Inkxaso yeMisebenzi yanamhlanje, eHlanganisiweyo yoKuBuyiselwa kweGesi kunye nokuSuswa kweGesi eneAsidi
Ukusetyenziswa kwegesi okunxulumene nanamhlanje kwioyile negesi kufuna intsebenziswano engenamthungo phakathi kokwahlulwa kwegesi, iindlela zokususa igesi ye-asidi, kunye nokucubungula okuhambayo. Izisombululo zokulinganisa ezikwimigca zibalulekile kwiinkqubo zeeyunithi zokususa igesi ye-asidi, apho uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo, uxinano, kunye nedatha ye-viscosity ikhokela ukusebenza ngexesha langempela kweetower zokufunxa, iitower zokuvuselela, kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha i-condensate.
Ngexesha lokususwa kwegesi ene-asidi, izinzwa ezikwi-inline ziqinisa iinguqu zenkqubo ezimisela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-CO₂ kunye ne-H₂S. Ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo kunye nomsebenzi wenqaba yokufunxa unokuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwezakhi zegesi yokutya ngelixa kugcinwa iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokudlulisa ubunzima. Ukufundwa koxinano olukwi-inline kuncedisa ekusebenzeni kwenqaba yokuvuselela, kuqinisekisa ubunyulu be-solvent kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuvuselela. Ezi zixhobo zibalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuguquguquka kwesignali ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvuselela kunyango lwegesi, ukugcina umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo.
Kwiiteknoloji eziphambili zokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon, kubandakanya ukuhamba kwenkqubo yokucoca i-ethane, ukusebenzisana kwezinzwa ezikwi-inline kwenza kube lula ukusombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza kunye nolawulo oluhambelanayo. Abaqhubi banokulinganisa ngokufanelekileyo iimeko zokudlulisa ubunzima, baphucule umsebenzi wobushushu be-reboiler, kwaye balawule ukubalwa komlinganiselo we-reflux wokucubungula igesi ngaphandle kokuguquguquka kwesignali okanye ukungazinzi kwenkqubo. Isiphumo kukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela igesi okunxulumene nayo, ukunciphisa iingxaki zokuvaleka kwe-condensate kunye nezisombululo, kunye nokuthintela ukugqwala okuqinileyo kwizityalo zegesi, konke oku kuxhaswe yimpendulo epheleleyo yezinzwa.
Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwi-Inline yeLonnmeter
Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezingaphakathi kweLonnmeter zenzelwe ukuthembeka kwiindawo ezixineneyo eziqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zeeyunithi zokususa igesi ene-asidi kunye neendlela zokubuyisa igesi ezinxulumene nazo. Kwimisebenzi ye-oyile, ezi transmitter zichatshazelwa ziigesi ze-asidi eyomileyo, ukufuma okuphezulu, kunye nokutshintsha rhoqo kobushushu. Iindlu ze-sensor eziqinileyo kunye nezinto ezimanzi ziqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide nakwiindawo ezine-asidi kunye nokufuma okuphezulu kwegesi.
Inkqubo yabo elula yokuyila—equka uqhagamshelo lwe-plug-and-play kunye nokuqondwa kwe-sensor ngokuzenzekelayo—inciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi ngexesha lokufakwa kunye nokutshintshwa. Oku kubalulekile ngexesha lokuphuculwa okanye ukulungiswa kwiinkqubo zonyango lwegesi apho ukunciphisa ukungasebenzi kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukwenziwa ngcono kwezityalo zokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon.
Iiprotokholi zonxibelelwano lwedijithali zisemgangathweni kuyo yonke i-Lonnmeter transmitter, nto leyo evumela ukuhlanganiswa neenkqubo zolawulo ezisasaziweyo kunye nokuxilongwa okuphambili. Ezi transmitter zihlala zizijonga ngokwazo imiba efana nokuguquguquka kwesignali, ukushukuma kwesiseko, kunye nomngcipheko wokuvaleka kwe-condensate. Izilumkiso zokuzihlola kwangethuba zinceda abaqhubi ukuba babambe iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zikhokelele kwiziganeko ezinobungozi okanye ukuvalwa okungalindelekanga.
Zenzelwe iimfuno zeendlela zokususa igesi ene-asidi kunye neenkqubo zokucoca i-ethane engqondweni, ii-Lonnmeter transmitters ziyamelana nokuxinana koxinzelelo kunye nokungcoliswa kweenxalenye. Oku kuphucula ixesha lokusebenza kwiinkqubo zokucubungula igesi ezibandakanya ii-absorption towers kunye nee-regeneration towers, apho umlinganiselo woxinzelelo oluzinzileyo ubalulekile ekubalweni ngokuchanekileyo komlinganiselo we-reflux kunye nokwenza ngcono umsebenzi wobushushu be-reboiler.
Ngokungafaniyo neetransmitter eziqhelekileyo, iiyunithi zeLonnmeter ezingaphakathi zinezixhobo zombane ezivalekileyo ezinciphisa umngcipheko wokugqwala kwaye zivumela ukusetyenziswa kwimisinga yokucubungula igesi emanzi okanye engcolileyo. Ziyahambelana neenkqubo ezininzi zokulungisa igesi ye-hydrocarbon, zisusa uhlengahlengiso oluqhelekileyo okanye ukusilela kwesensor ngenxa yongcoliseko. Oku kuqinisekisa ukujonga okuthembekileyo kokhuseleko oluqhubekayo kunye nokuthobela iinkqubo zokususa igesi ye-asidi yegesi yendalo.
Imijikelo yokugcinwa rhoqo ayixhaphakanga ngenxa yokuxilongwa kwenkqubo okwakhelwe ngaphakathi. Olu tshintsho ukusuka ekulungisweni okusebenzayo ukuya ekulungisweni okuxelwa kwangaphambili lunceda ulawulo olukhuselekileyo lweziko kwaye lunciphisa iindleko zizonke zobunini. Ngenxa yoko, abaphathi bezityalo kunye neenjineli zezixhobo banokugcina umbane ophezulu kwaye basebenze ngaphakathi kwemida yokukhupha ukungcola, okubaluleke kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwegesi okunxulumene noko kwioyile negesi nakwezinye iinkqubo.
Indlela Yokuzibandakanya: Cela Ixabiso okanye Ukubonisana Ngobuchwephesha
Abaphathi bezityalo, iinjineli zezixhobo, kunye nabaqhubi beendawo zegesi banokuqalisa inkqubo yokunxibelelana neLonnmeter ngamanyathelo amathathu alula. Okokuqala, ukunxibelelana neentengiso zobugcisa ngokuthe ngqo kwenza kube lula ukuphononongwa ngokunzulu kweemeko ezithile zezityalo—ezifana neengxaki ezizodwa zokuvaleka kwe-condensate okanye imfuneko yokusombulula ingxaki yokuguquguquka kwesignali. Oku kungenziwa nge-imeyile, ngefowuni, okanye ngefomu yophando kwi-intanethi.
Okwesibini, ngexesha lokubonisana ngobuchwephesha, iqela leLonnmeter liza kuqokelela iiparameter ezithile zesicelo, kubandakanya ukwakheka kwegesi yenkqubo, uxinzelelo lwenqaba yokufunxa ekujoliswe kuyo, kunye nezizathu zokubetha koxinzelelo olulindelekileyo kunye nemida yokunciphisa. Le ndlela ilungiselelweyo iqinisekisa ukuba umthumeli ngamnye uhambelana ngokuchanekileyo nendawo yokusebenza.
Okwesithathu, emva kokuhlolwa kwesicelo, abathengi bafumana ikowuteshini eneenkcukacha, eyenzelwe wena. Ukuba kufuneka ukuqinisekiswa okongezelelweyo, iiyunithi zokubonisa zinokucwangciswa kwindawo, zixhasa uvavanyo oluqhutywa ngezandla kwiimeko zenkqubo yokwenyani. Le ndlela ithatha inyathelo ivumela abachaphazelekayo ukuba baqinisekise ukuba ii-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters ziyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zokusebenza kunye nokuthobela imisebenzi enzima yokucubungula igesi ngaphambi kokuba iphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezingaphakathi zinceda njani ekuthinteleni ukuvaleka kwe-condensate kwimibhobho?
Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindlela zokubuyisa igesi ezinxulumeneyo kunye nokwenza ngcono isityalo sokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngedatha yoxinzelelo eqhubekayo, evumela abaqhubi ukuba babone ukuwa ngequbuliso okanye iiprofayili zoxinzelelo ezingaqhelekanga—uphawu oluqhelekileyo lokuqokelelwa koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwemibhobho. Ukuqaphela ezi ndlela ngexesha langempela kwenza ukuba kungenelele ngokukhawuleza, njengokulungisa iiparameter zokusebenza okanye ukuqalisa iinkqubo zokufaka ulwelo, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokuvaleka koxinzelelo. Le ndlela yokuthintela inceda ekuphepheni ukuvalwa okungacwangciswanga kwaye igcina ukudlula okuqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokusetyenziswa kwegesi okunxulumene noko kwiindawo zeoyile negesi.
Iyintoni indima yee-inline sensors ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kwe-absorption tower?
Izinzwa ezikwimigca ethe tye—kuquka ezo zilinganisa uxinzelelo, inqanaba, uxinaniso, kunye nobushushu—zibalulekile kuyilo olusebenzayo lwenqaba yokufunxa kunye nokusebenza, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zeyunithi yokususa igesi ene-asidi. Ezi zinzwa zibonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela exhasa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweenqaba zokufunxa ekucutshungulweni kwegesi. Umzekelo, izithumeli zoxinzelelo zinceda ukugcina uxinzelelo olujolise kulo olubalulekileyo kwiindlela zokususa igesi ene-asidi ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yendalo. Idatha echanekileyo evela kwizinzwa ezikwimigca ethe tye ibalulekile ekubalweni komlinganiselo we-reflux ochanekileyo ekucutshungulweni kwegesi, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle ekuhlukaniseni iigesi ezine-asidi kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kweenkqubo zokususa igesi ene-asidi yegesi yendalo.
Izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo zikuxhasa njani ukulungiswa kobushushu be-reboiler?
Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo ngokuchanekileyo kwicandelo le-reboiler kuvumela ulawulo oluqinileyo loxinzelelo olusebenzayo, oluyimfuneko ekwenzeni ngcono umsebenzi wobushushu be-reboiler kwinkqubo yokuhlaziya kunyango lwegesi. Abaqhubi baxhomekeke kolu fundo ukuze baphucule igalelo lobushushu, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla e-reboiler. Uxinzelelo olulawulwa kakuhle luxhasa ukubalwa komthwalo wobushushu be-reboiler ofanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukususwa kwegesi ye-asidi kuhlala kusebenza ngaphandle kokulahleka kwamandla okungeyomfuneko. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kuxinzelelo kunciphisa imingcipheko enxulumene nokutyhafa koxinzelelo kwizixhobo zokucubungula igesi, ezithi, ukuba azijongwanga, ziphazamise umsebenzi wobushushu kunye nokwahlukana.
Kutheni ukulawula ukungcoliswa kwee-particle kubalulekile kwiiyunithi zokususa igesi ene-asidi?
Kwiiyunithi zokususa igesi ene-asidi, ukungcoliswa kweenxalenye ezithile kunokukhokelela ekunyukeni okuqhubekayo kokwehla koxinzelelo kwizixhobo ezifana nezifunxi kunye nee-regenerators. Oku kuxhathisa okwandisiweyo akunciphisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kodwa kuphakamisa umngcipheko wokusilela kwezixhobo. Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo oluphakathi kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba babone ngokukhawuleza ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo okungaqhelekanga, okunokubonisa ukungcoliswa kwinqanaba lokuqala. Ukuchongwa kwangoko kuvumela ukungenelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo—ukucoca okanye ukutshintsha iimeko zokusebenza—kwaye kuxhasa iindlela zokulawula ukungcoliswa kweenxalenye ezithile ezikhusela ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza okuqhubekayo.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweeRosemount 3051 kunye nee-2088 pressure transmitters ezisetyenziswayo?
I-differential pressure transmitter 3051 ikhethwa kakhulu kwizicelo ezifuna imilinganiselo yokwahluka echanekileyo, njengokulawula i-reflux ratio kwiikholamu ze-distillation okanye ukujonga ukuhla koxinzelelo kwii-reboilers. Ukuchaneka kwayo kuyenza ifaneleke kakuhle apho ukwahluka koxinzelelo olune-nuanced kuqhuba iindlela ezisebenzayo zokususa igesi ye-asidi. Imodeli ka-2088, ngokuchaseneyo, yenzelwe i-geage ethe ngqo okanye ukujonga uxinzelelo olupheleleyo, ifanelekile kwiimeko ezinzima zenkonzo apho ukuthembeka kubalulekile. Nangona zombini iimodeli zinokuxhaswa ngezikhokelo zokufakela ezineenkcukacha kunye nokulinganisa, ukhetho luxhomekeke kwimfuno yenkqubo—ulawulo lokwahluka ngokuchasene nokufundwa koxinzelelo oluqinileyo, olunenqaku elinye.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-13-2026
