Kwiindlela zokufumana ioyile ephuculweyo (EOR) ngeekhemikhali—ingakumbi ukukhukula kwepolymer kuphuhliso lweoyile emanzini anzulu kunye nentsimi yegesi—ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-polyacrylamide solution viscosity lubalulekile kumsebenzi. Ukufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhukula kwiindawo zokugcina ioyile kufuna ukulungiswa kweempawu zesisombululo sepolymer ngokukhawuleza. Iindlela zokulinganisa i-viscosity ezisekwe kwilabhoratri zemveli zicotha kakhulu, zixhomekeke kwisampulu yesandla rhoqo kunye nohlalutyo olulibazisekileyo. Esi sikhewu sinokukhokelela ekulinganisweni kwe-polymer okungafaniyo, ulawulo olubi lokujova ukuhamba, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela ioyile okanye iindleko zokusebenza ezonyukileyo. Izixhobo zokulinganisa i-viscosity ezikwi-inline ngoku zivumela ukujonga ngexesha langempela, okuqhubekayo, ngokuthe ngqo kumjelo wemveliso, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza ezikhawulezayo zamasimi amanzi anzulu kunye nokuqinisekisa ulawulo olungcono lwe-viscosity kwiipolymers zokufumana ioyile eziphuculweyo.
Ukukhukuliswa kwePolymer kunye noKuphuculwa kweOyile eNgcono kwiMimandla yeoyile negesi emanzini anzulu
Ukubuyiswa kweoyile ephuculweyo (i-EOR) kuquka iindlela eziphambili eziphuhlisiweyo zokunyusa ukutsalwa kweoyile ngaphaya koko kufezwa ziindlela eziphambili nezesibini. Njengoko uphando lweoyile negesi emanzini anzulu lusanda, la machibi ahlala ebonisa izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo zejoloji kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza, nto leyo eyenza i-EOR ibe yeyona ibalulekileyo ekukhuliseni iindawo zokugcina kunye nokuphucula uqoqosho lophuhliso lweoyile negesi.
Ukubuyiselwa kweoyile ephuculweyo yezikhukula zepolymer yindlela ephambili ye-EOR yekhemikhali esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezinzulu zamanzi. Kwizikhukula zepolymer, iipolymers ezinyibilikayo emanzini—ezihlala zisetyenziswa njenge-hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)—zongezwa emanzini afakwe i-injection, nto leyo enyusa i-viscosity yayo kwaye ivumela ulawulo olungcono lokuhamba ngaphakathi kwidama. Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu elunxwemeni, apho umlinganiselo ongalunganga wokuhamba phakathi kwamanzi afakwe i-injection kunye neoyile exineneyo uthintela ukusebenza kwamanzi aqhelekileyo.
Kwiindawo ezihlala amanzi amaninzi, amanzi angenamanzi amaninzi adla ngokudlula ioyile “ngokuyila” kwiindawo ezikwaziyo ukungena amanzi amaninzi, nto leyo eshiya umthamo omkhulu we-hydrocarbon ungafunyanwanga. Izikhukula ze-polymer zilwa noku ngokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutyibilika kwiindawo zokugcina ioyile, zidala indawo yokufuduka ezinzileyo eqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye enkulu yedama iyatshayelwa kwaye ioyile ifuduselwa kwimithombo yemveliso. Idatha yasentsimini ibonisa ukuba i-polymer EOR inokubonelela ngokunyuka kwe-10% ekubuyiselweni kweoyile kancinci xa itshayelwa ngamanzi, kwaye iphucuke ukuya kuthi ga kwi-13% ekusetyenzisweni kwesikali sovavanyo.
Imida yezoqoqosho kunye neyokulungiselela kwiindawo ezinzulu zamanzi iphakamisa ukubaluleka kokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Izikhukula zePolymer zibonakalise amandla okunciphisa ukunqunyulwa kwamanzi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kufuneka amandla aphantsi okuphatha ulwelo kunye nokwahlulahlula—iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zokufakelwa kolwandle. Ukongeza, le ndlela inokunciphisa umngcipheko wekhabhoni kwimveliso yeoyile ngokunciphisa iimfuno zolawulo lwamanzi, ixhasa iinjongo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwezikhukula zepolymer kuxhomekeke ekulinganisweni okuchanekileyo kwe-viscosity kwiipolymers eziphuculweyo zokubuyisa ioyile. Ubuchwepheshe obufana nezixhobo zokulinganisa i-viscosity yeoyile engaphakathi, izixhobo zokuvavanya i-viscosity yeoyile, kunye neenkqubo zokuvavanya i-viscosity yepolymer ezisebenzayo zibalulekile ekulawuleni iimpawu zesisombululo sepolymer, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwiimeko ezinzima zangaphantsi kolwandle. Ezi zilinganiso zivumela uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lwe-viscosity yesisombululo se-polyacrylamide, ukuphucula ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kunye noqoqosho ngokubanzi lwezicelo zentsimi yezikhukula zepolymer.
Intsimi yeoyile negesi
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Indima Ebalulekileyo Yokuxinana Kwizikhukhula ZePolymer
Kutheni i-Viscosity ibalulekile kwi-Polymer Flood esebenzayo
Ukuqina kwe-polymer kuphakathi kwe-polymer ekhukulisayo, ukubuyiswa kweoyile okuphuculweyo kuba kulawula ngokuthe ngqo umlinganiselo wokuhamba phakathi kokuhamba kunye nolwelo olufudukayo ngaphakathi kwidama. Kuphuhliso lwe-oyile emanzini anzulu kunye nentsimi yegesi, injongo kukuhlanganisa ioyile eseleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo olufakwe kwi-injection (ngesiqhelo isisombululo samanzi se-polyacrylamide, esidla ngokuba yi-HPAM) luhamba nge-viscosity ephikisana kakuhle ne-oyile yendalo. Le viscosity iphezulu ivumela isisombululo se-polymer ukuba sityhutyhe umthamo omkhulu wedama, siphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kolwelo olufudukayo kunye nee-hydrocarbons ezibanjiweyo.
Ukukhethwa kwe-polymer solution viscosity kukulinganisela. Aphantsi kakhulu, kwaye amanzi alandela imijelo esele ikho yokungangeni kakhulu, edlula uninzi lweoyile; kuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye kuvela imiba yokungangeni, okwandisa umngcipheko wokuvaleka kokwakheka, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo okanye kwiindawo zokungangeni kakhulu okuxhaphakileyo eziqhele ukubonwa kwiimeko zamanzi anzulu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukulungisa ngononophelo uxinaniso lwe-HPAM—ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-3000–3300 mg/L kwizicelo zamanzi anzulu—kwenza abaqhubi bakwazi ukwandisa ukufuduka kweoyile iyonke ngaphandle kokudibana noxinzelelo olukhulu lwe-injection okanye iingxaki zokusebenza.
Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kokuxinana Kwesisombululo sePolymer kunye Nokusebenza Kakuhle Kokutshaya
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshayela kubonisa umlinganiselo weoyile yedama elichithwayo yisisombululo sepolymer esifakwe kwi-infusion. Inxulunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo nomlinganiselo we-viscosity (M), ochazwa njenge-viscosity yolwelo olususwayo olwahlulwe yi-viscosity yeoyile esusiweyo:
M = μ_ukususwa / μ_ioyile
Xa i-M isondela ku-1, umphambili uhamba ngokufanayo, ukhuthaza ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshiza kunye nokunciphisa ukuxinana kweminwe (ukuthambekela kolwelo olune-viscosity ephantsi yokudlula ioyile kwaye kudalwe imijelo yokuphuphuma). Ukuphucula i-viscosity yamanzi—ngokuvamile ngokunyibilikisa i-HPAM okanye ii-hybrids zayo—kunokutshintsha umlinganiselo wokuhamba uye kwixabiso elifanelekileyo, okwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshiza ngokuchasene nokukhukuliswa kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo.
Ubungqina obubonakalayo bubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa izisombululo zepolymer ezixineneyo kakhulu kuphumela ekubuyiselweni kweoyile kancinci nge-5%-10%, kodwa kunokufikelela kwi-23% kwizifundo ze-microfluidic ezilawulwayo kusetyenziswa i-0.1% PAM. Olu phuculo luguqulela kwinzuzo ebonakalayo kwinqanaba lentsimi, ingakumbi xa iipolymers zenziwe ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nemingeni yobushushu kunye netyuwa exhaphakileyo ekuhlolweni kweoyile kunye negesi emanzini anzulu.
Impembelelo yePolyacrylamide Viscosity ekuphuculeni ukufuduswa kweoyile
I-viscosity enikwa yi-polyacrylamide yeyona nto iphambili ekuqhubeni phambili kwiindlela zokubuyisela i-oyile eziphuculweyo ngamakhemikhali, nto leyo elawula ukufikelela kunye nokufana kwesikhukula esifakwe kwi-oyile. Izifundo zelebhu, zentsimi, kunye neze-simulation zigxininisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo apho i-viscosity ye-polyacrylamide ekhulayo ikhulisa khona ukufuduka kwe-oyile:
- Ulawulo oluPhuculweyo lokuHamba:Ukwanda kwe-viscosity kunciphisa ngempumelelo umlinganiselo wokuhamba kwamanzi ukuya kwi-oyile, kuthintele ukuxinana kweminwe kunye nokujikeleza kwayo ngelixa kuphucula ukunxibelelana ne-oyile eyayingatshayelwanga ngaphambili.
- Ukwandiswa kokuhamba kwiindawo zokulahla amanzi ezahlukeneyo:Ukumelana okuphezulu kokuhamba kwamanzi kunyanzela umphambili ohambayo ukuba ungene kwiindawo eziphantsi zokungena kwamanzi, uthinte ii-hydrocarbons ezingasetyenziswanga ngenye indlela.
- Iziphumo zokuHamba ngokuBamba iiCapillary kunye ne-Synergistic:Xa zidityaniswe nezinye izinto (umz., ii-nanoparticles, ii-branched gels), iinkqubo ze-polyacrylamide ezine-viscosity ephezulu zibonisa ukuphucuka ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokutshaya kunye nokufuduka, ingakumbi phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu okanye zetyuwa ephezulu.
Umzekelo, ii-polymer/nano-SiO₂ composites zibonakalise i-viscosity efikelela kwi-181 mPa·s kwi-90°C, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele iimeko zamanzi anzulu apho i-HPAM eqhelekileyo ibiya konakala okanye inyibilike kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, i-polyacrylamide exutywe ne-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) iphumelela kakhulu kunee-polymers ezingezizo ezixutyiweyo ekugcineni i-viscosity phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-brine kunye nobushushu. Ezi nkqubela zivumela ukusetyenziswa kwe-polymer okunokuthenjwa nokusebenzayo kwintsimi yezikhukula, okukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekufudukeleni kweoyile enkulu kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezinzima.
Ekugqibeleni, ukukwazi ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo nokucwangcisa i-polyacrylamide solution viscosity—ukusebenzisa iindlela zokulinganisa i-polymer solution viscosity eziphambili kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa i-oyile viscosity—kusasele kusisiseko kwiiprojekthi ze-polymer eziphumelelayo nezingabizi kakhulu kwiindawo ze-oyile negesi zanamhlanje.
Imigaqo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa i-Polymer Solution Viscosity Measurement
Ukulinganisa ubungqindilili bubalulekile ekubuyiselweni kweoyile ephuculweyo yokukhukula kwepolymer (EOR), okuchaphazela ukuhamba kolwelo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhukula kwiindawo zokugcina ioyile, kunye nempumelelo iyonke yeendlela zokubuyisela ioyile ephuculweyo ngeekhemikhali. I-Polyacrylamide kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo ezifana ne-hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengee-polymers. I-rheology yesisombululo sabo—ingakumbi i-viscosity—ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kokukhukula kwepolymer, ingakumbi phantsi kobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye netyuwa eqhelekileyo kuphuhliso lwe-oyile kunye nentsimi yegesi emanzini anzulu.
IiViscometer zeCapillary
Ii-viscometer ze-capillary zimisela i-viscometer ngokubeka ixesha lokuhamba kwesisombululo se-polymer ngetyhubhu emxinwa phantsi koxinzelelo olucwangcisiweyo okanye umxhuzulane. Le ndlela ilula kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekujongeni izixhobo zokuvavanya i-oyile rhoqo kwii-fluids ezifana namanzi ukuya kwi-viscous fluids. I-viscometer ye-capillary eqhelekileyo ithatha indlela yokuziphatha ye-Newtonian, okwenza ukuba ithembeke kulawulo lomgangatho apho amazinga okucheba kwezisombululo ze-polymer ehlala ephantsi kakhulu kwaye izakhiwo azikhuli kakhulu.
Imida:
- Iipolymers ezingezizo ezeNewtonian:Uninzi lwee-polymers ze-EOR zibonisa ukuziphatha okuncibilikisayo kunye ne-viscoelastic ezingabambiyo iindlela zakudala ze-capillary, nto leyo ebangela ukulinganiselwa okanye ukuchazwa gwenxa kwe-viscosity yokwenyani yentsimi.
- Imiphumo ye-Polydispersity kunye noxinzelelo:Ukufundwa kwe-viscometer ye-capillary kunokugoba kwizisombululo ze-polymer ezinokwahlulwahlulwa kobunzima beemolekyuli, okanye kwimixube edityanisiweyo/eyinkimbinkimbi eqhelekileyo kwimisebenzi yasentsimini.
- Ubunzima bokuncipha kwe-Elastocapillary:Nangona ii-rheometers zokwandisa ukuqhekeka kwe-capillary zinokuhlola i-extension viscosity, iziphumo zixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-geometry kunye neeparameters ezisetyenzisiweyo, zongeza ukungaqiniseki kwiziphumo ze-polymer flooding fluids.
IiViscometers ezijikelezayo
Ii-viscometer ezijikelezayo zibaluleke kakhuluUhlalutyo lwe-viscosity yesisombululo se-polyacrylamidekuzo zombini iilabhoratri kunye neendawo zovavanyo lwezityalo. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa i-spindle ejikelezayo okanye i-bob efakwe kwisampulu, ilinganisa ukumelana nentshukumo kuluhlu lwamanqanaba okucheba amiselweyo.
Amandla:
- Uyakwazi ukuchaza iindlela zokuziphatha ezingezizo ezeNewtonian, ezifana nokucheba, apho i-viscosity iyancipha njengoko izinga lokucheba lisanda—uphawu olucacileyo lwe-polymer flouring EOR fluids.
- Vumela ukufakwa kwemodeli (umz., umthetho wamandla, iBingham) ukubala ukuxhomekeka kwe-viscosity kwisantya sokucheba.
- Xhasa ukuvavanya ubushushu kunye nobungakanani betyuwa ngokulinganisa iimeko ezifana nedama kunye nokujonga impembelelo yazo kwi-viscosity.
Imizekelo:
- Xa amazinga aphezulu okucheba okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu/iityuwa, i-HPAM kunye neepolymers ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziyawohloka okanye zilungelelaniswe, nto leyo enciphisa i-viscosity esebenzayo; ezi ndlela zibonakala ngokulula kwi-viscometry ejikelezayo.
- Iirheometers ezijikelezayo zinokulinganisa iimeko zoxinzelelo olulindelekileyo lokungena emngxunyeni ukuze kuvavanywe ukulahleka kwe-viscosity kunye nokuwohloka kwetyathanga—ezibalulekileyo kuvavanyo lwe-viscosity ye-polymer olusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukhetha i-polymer eqinileyo.
Ukulinganisa i-Inline Viscosity: Iindlela zanamhlanje kunye neZixhobo
Izixhobo zokulinganisa i-Inline Viscosity: Inkcazo kunye nokusebenza
Ii-viscometer zanamhlanje ezikwi-inline zenzelwe ukuntywiliselwa ngqo kwimigca yenkqubo, zibonelela ngohlalutyo oluqhubekayo lwe-viscosity ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphazamiseka kwesampulu. Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili buquka:
IiViscometers eziNciphisayo:Izixhobo ezifana nee-viscometer zeLonnmeter zisebenzisa izinto ezijikelezayo ezifakwe kwisisombululo sepolymer. Ubukhulu kunye nokufuma kwentshukumo kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo ne-viscosity kunye noxinano, okuvumela ukulinganiswa okuthembekileyo kwii-multi-phase okanye ezingezizo zeNewtonian ezifana nezisombululo ze-polyacrylamide. Ezi ziqinileyo xa kuthelekiswa nobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye zifanelekile kwimisebenzi ye-oyile.
Iingenelo zokubeka esweni rhoqo kwi-intanethi kwimisebenzi yokukhukula ngePolymer
Ukutshintshela ekulinganisweni kwe-viscosity okuqhubekayo, okungaphakathi kwizicelo zentsimi ye-polymer ezikhukulayo kubonelela ngeenzuzo zokusebenza ezinamanqanaba amaninzi:
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Sweep:Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwenza ukuba kungenelelwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-polymer viscosity idlula ngaphandle komlinganiselo ofanelekileyo, nto leyo ephucula umlinganiselo wokuhamba kunye nokufuduka kweoyile ngexesha lokukhukula kwe-polymer.
Uhlengahlengiso lweNkqubo eZenzekelayo:Izixhobo zokulinganisa i-oyile ekwi-inline ezidityaniswe namaqonga e-SCADA zinceda ukulawula i-closed-loop, apho idosi okanye ubushushu bunokulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphendula uhlalutyo lwe-polyacrylamide yesisombululo se-real-time. Oku kwandisa uzinzo lwenkqubo, kugcina umxube wemveliso ngaphakathi kweenkcukacha eziqinileyo (±0.5% kwezinye izifundo), kwaye kunciphisa inkunkuma ye-polymer.
Ukunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye nomsebenzi:Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo nezisebenza ngomgca zithatha indawo yesampulu eqhutywa ngesandla rhoqo, zikhawulezisa ixesha lokuphendula kwaye zinciphisa isidingo sabasebenzi basentsimini abazinikele kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo.
Inkqubo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko:Njengoko kubonisiwe kukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso efana neSolartron 7827 kunye neCVI's ViscoPro 2100, ukujonga rhoqo i-viscosity kunokunyusa imveliso yeoyile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20%, kunciphise ukusetyenziswa kwe-polymer, kwaye kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-reactor okanye umthombo ngokulawula umgangatho ngokuchanekileyo.
Idatha ephuculweyo yoHlalutyo:Imithombo yedatha yexesha langempela inika amandla uhlalutyo oluphambili, ukusuka ekucwangcisweni kwenkqubo rhoqo ukuya ekugcinweni kwangaphambili, okuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili kwemisebenzi yokukhukula kwepolymer.
Iikhrayitheriya eziphambili zokusebenza ekukhetheni izixhobo zokulinganisa ubungqindilili beoyile ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa ebaleni
Xa ukhetha izixhobo zokulinganisa i-viscosity kwiipolymers eziphuculweyo zokubuyisa ioyile kwiindawo ezinzima nezikude ze-oyile, ezi khrayitheriya zibaluleke kakhulu:
Ukuqina kunye nokuxhathisa okusingqongileyo:Izixhobo kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu (HTHP), ulwelo olubolayo, kunye neenxalenye ezirhabaxa eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezimanzi anzulu. Intsimbi engatyiwayo kunye neendawo ezivalekileyo ezivalekileyo, njengakwi-Rheonics SRV, zibalulekile ukuze zihlale ixesha elide.
Ukuchaneka kunye nozinzo lokulinganisa:Imbuyekezo ephezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu iyimfuneko kuba ukuphambuka okuncinci kwi-viscosity kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-sweep kunye nokubuyiselwa kweoyile. Izixhobo kufuneka zibe nokuchaneka okubhaliweyo kubushushu obusebenzayo kunye noxinzelelo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokuLungela ukuZenzekelayo:Ukuhambelana ne-SCADA, i-IoT telemetry, kunye neebhasi zedatha zedijithali zokujonga kude ngoku yinto elindelekileyo. Khangela iindlela zokuzicoca, ukulinganisa kwedijithali, kunye nokudluliselwa kwedatha okukhuselekileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukugcinwa.
Amandla okuSebenza ngokuQhubekekayo:Izixhobo kufuneka zisebenze ngaphandle kokuvalwa rhoqo okanye uhlengahlengiso, zibonelela ngokusebenza imini nobusuku kwaye zinciphise iimfuno zokungenelela—isitshixo sokufakelwa okungenabantu okanye okungenamanzi.
Ukuthobela imithetho kunye noshishino:Izixhobo kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yokhuseleko, ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo njengoko kunyanzeliswa kwicandelo leoyile negesi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwehlabathi lokwenyani kufuna ukuba izixhobo zokuvavanya i-viscosity ezikwi-inline zibe zomelele, zizenzekele, zilungele inethiwekhi, kwaye zichaneke—zibonelele ngolawulo lwe-viscosity olungenakuphazamiseka njengesiseko se-EOR yanamhlanje kunye nophando lwe-oyile kunye negesi emanzini anzulu.
Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Eziqwalaselweyo Kulawulo Lokuxinana Kwesisombululo sePolyacrylamide
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwe-viscosity lubalulekile ekukhukuleni kwe-polymer kunye nokuvuselelwa kwe-oyile ephuculweyo (i-EOR), ingakumbi kuphuhliso lwe-oyile emanzini anzulu kunye nentsimi yegesi apho izinto ezibangela uxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo zibaluleke kakhulu. Uhlalutyo lwe-viscosity yesisombululo se-Polyacrylamide ludlala indima ephambili ekufezekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-sweep kwiindawo zokugcina ioyile.
Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukuxinana Kwesisombululo sePolyacrylamide Kwiimeko Zamanzi Anzulu
Ubutyuwa
- Iziphumo zetyuwa ephezulu:Amanzi aphantsi adla ngokuba nemithombo ephezulu yamanziubuninzi beetyuwa, kuquka zombini ii-cations ze-monovalent (Na⁺) kunye ne-divalent (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺). Ezi ions zicinezela umaleko ombane ophindwe kabini ojikeleze ii-polyacrylamide chains, nto leyo ebangela ukujijeka nokunciphisa i-viscosity yesisombululo. Ii-cations ze-Divalent zinefuthe eliphawulekayo, zinciphisa kakhulu i-viscosity kwaye zinciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphuculwa kokusebenza kwe-polymer flooding sweep.
- Umzekelo:Kwiimeko zasemasimini ezifana nedama le-Qinghai Gasi, iinkqubo ze-polymer kunye ne-surfactant-polymer (SP) ezilungiselelwe wena zaziyimfuneko ukuze kufezekiswe ukugcinwa kwe-viscosity kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokuntywila kwiindawo ezinosawoti omninzi.
- Ukubola kobushushu:Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi anzulu akhawulezisa i-hydrolysis kunye nokuqhekeka kweetyathanga ze-polyacrylamide. Izisombululo eziqhelekileyo ze-hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) zilahlekelwa yi-viscosity ngokukhawuleza njengoko ubunzima beemolekyuli buncipha phantsi koxinzelelo lobushushu.
- Izisombululo zozinzo lobushushu:Iinkqubo ze-HPAM ezihlanganisiweyo, ezine-nanoparticles ezidityanisiweyo (ezifana ne-silica okanye i-alumina), zibonakalise ukuzinza okuphezulu kobushushu, zigcina i-viscosity engcono kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-90°C nangaphezulu.
- Impembelelo yoomatshini:Amanqanaba aphezulu okucheba avela ekumpompeni, ekufakeni, okanye ekuphumeni kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa iifomyula abangela ukuqhekeka kweetyathanga zepolymer, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwe-viscosity. Ukudlula okuphindaphindiweyo kwepompo kunokunciphisa i-viscosity ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50%, nto leyo ethoba ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela ioyile.
- Indlela Yokunciphisa Ukuncipha Kweenwele:Izisombululo zePolyacrylamide zibonisa ukuncitshiswa kwe-shear—ubungqindilili buyehla njengoko izinga lokucheba lisanda. Oku kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kwizicelo ze-polymer ezikhukulayo, njengoko imilinganiselo ye-viscosity kwizinga lokucheba ezahlukeneyo inokwahluka kakhulu.
- Impembelelo Yokungcola:Amanzi amdaka edama kunye namanzi eveliswe yi-oyile adla ngokuqulatha ukungcola okufana nentsimbi, i-sulfides, okanye ii-hydrocarbons. Ezi zinokubangela ukuwohloka okanye ukuna kwemvula kwizisombululo ze-polymer, nto leyo enokwenza kube nzima ukulawula i-viscosity.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwiZongezo:Ukusebenzisana kweekhemikhali phakathi kwe-polyacrylamide kunye ne-surfactants okanye ii-agents ezidibanisayo kunokutshintsha iprofayili ye-viscosity elindelekileyo, nokuba kukuphucula okanye kuthintele ukusebenza kwe-EOR.
- Ukhetho lwePolymer oluSetyenzisiweyo:Ukukhetha ii-HPAM variants okanye ukuphuhlisa ii-polyacrylamide copolymers ezifakwe i-sulfonated ezifanelekileyo kwi-salinity elindelekileyo kunye nobushushu kuphucula ukugcinwa kwe-viscosity. Iindlela zokulinganisa i-viscosity zesisombululo se-polymer ezisekelwe kwilebhu zikhokela ukhetho lokuqala, kodwa idatha yentsimi kufuneka iqinisekise iziphumo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza zokwenyani.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa kwizinto ezifana neNanomaterials:Ukufaka ii-nanoparticles—ezifana neSiO₂, i-Al₂O₃, okanye i-nanocellulose—kuphucula ukumelana kwe-polymer kwi-thermal kunye ne-mechanical degradation, njengoko kubonisiwe kwizilingo ze-nanocomposite flooding. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngakumbi ukulwa nemiphumo emibi evela kubukhali be-reservoir.
- Ulawulo lwee-Ion Concentrations:Ukunciphisa inqanaba le-divalent cations ngokucoca ngamanzi okanye ukuhlanjwa ngamanzi athambileyo kunciphisa i-ionic bridging kwaye kugcina ulwandiso lwe-polymer chain, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa i-injected viscosity.
- Ukuhambelana kwe-Surfactant kunye ne-Cross-linker:Ukulungelelanisa ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ze-surfactants okanye ii-cross-linkers ukuze zihambelane neentlobo ze-polymer eziphambili kuthintela imvula kunye nokuwa kwe-viscosity engalindelekanga.
- Ukunciphisa Ukubonakaliswa kweShear:Ukucwangcisa inkqubo yokujova (ukusebenzisa iimpompo ezichetywe kancinci, ukuxuba ngobunono, kunye nemibhobho egudileyo) kunciphisa ukuqhekeka kwetyathanga le-polymer. Ukuyila iindlela ezibolileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuhamba okuguquguqukayo kukwanegalelo ekugcineni i-viscosity.
- Ukusebenzisa Izixhobo Zokulinganisa Ubungakanani Beoyile Emgceni:Ukusebenzisa iimitha ze-viscosity ezikwi-inline okanye iimitha ze-viscosity ezikwi-virtual (VVM) kuvumela ukujonga i-viscosity ye-polyacrylamide ngexesha lokufakwa kwenaliti, okuvumela iimpendulo ezikhawulezayo kuyo nayiphi na ilahleko ye-viscosity.
- Iindlela zokubeka iliso kwi-Viscosity:Izixhobo zokuvavanya i-viscosity yeoyile yelebhu kunye nomlinganiselo we-field inline zinika umlinganiselo opheleleyoulawulo lwe-viscosityinkqubo, ebalulekileyo ekugcineni uzinzo ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina ukuya ekungeneni kwidama.
- Iimodeli zeViscosity eziqhutywa yidatha:Ukusebenzisa iimodeli eziguquguqukayo neziqhutywa yidatha ezichaza ubushushu, ityuwa, kunye neziphumo zokucheba kwenza kube lula ukwenza iiparameter ze-injection—uxinzelelo lwe-polymer, izinga le-injection, kunye nolandelelwano—ngexesha langempela.
- Ii-Adaptive CMG okanye ii-Eclipse Simulations:Ii-simulators eziphambili ze-reservoir zisebenzisa amaxabiso e-viscosity alinganisiweyo nayimodeli ukuze zilungelelanise iipatheni zezikhukula, ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-sweep kwiindawo zokugcina ioyile, kwaye zinciphise ukulahleka kwe-polymer ngokudilizwa okanye ukufunxwa.
- Ukuqinisekiswa kweNdawo:Kwimimandla yamanzi anzulu aseBohai Bay naseSouth China Sea, ukuphunyezwa kovavanyo kusebenzise i-HPAM enama-nanocomposite enokubeka iliso kwi-viscosity ukuze kufezekiswe ukukhukula kwe-polymer okuzinzileyo nokusebenza kakuhle phantsi kobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye netyuwa.
- Impumelelo ye-SP Flood:Iindawo zokugcina amanzi ezishushu kakhulu nezinosawoti omninzi zibike ukuba ukubuyiselwa kweoyile kuphucukile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% emva kokuphuculwa kwe-polymer viscosity nge-SP blends kunye nokuzinzisa kwe-nanoparticle.
Ubushushu
Ukubola kweShear
Ukungcola kunye nokusebenzisana kweekhemikhali
Amaqhinga Okugcina Ukuqina KwePolyacrylamide Kuyo Yonke Inaliti
Ukuphucula ukuQulunqwa
Ulawulo lwe-Electrolyte kunye noLongezo
Iindlela Zokusebenza Noomatshini
Ukumodela Inkqubo kunye noLungiso oluDynamic
Imizekelo evela kwizicelo zasentsimini
Ukulinganisa okusebenzayo kwe-viscosity kwiipolymers eziphuculweyo zokubuyisa ioyile kufuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwezi zinto zinefuthe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zanamhlanje—ukusuka ekuqulunqweni ukuya ekujongeni okucwangcisiweyo—ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yezikhukula zepolymer kwiindawo ezinzima zokuhlola ioyile kunye negesi emanzini anzulu.
I-Polyacrylamide yokuphucula ukubuyiswa kweoyile
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Ukuqinisekisa Ukusebenza Okuqhubekayo kwePolymer: Imingeni kunye neZisombululo
Iinkqubo zokubuyisela ioyile eziphuculweyo kwizikhukula zepolymer ekuhlolweni kweoyile emanzini anzulu kunye negesi zijongene nemiqobo emininzi yokusebenza enokuphazamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-sweep kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepolymer. Ukugcina i-viscosity yesisombululo se-polyacrylamide efanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko nokuba ukuphambuka okuncinci kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-reservoir kunye noqoqosho lweprojekthi.
Imingeni yokusebenza
1. Ukonakala koomatshini
Iipolymers zePolyacrylamide zisengozini yokuwohloka koomatshini kuyo yonke inkqubo yokujova kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi. Amandla aphezulu okucheba—aqhelekileyo kwiimpompo, imigca yokujova, nakwimiqala exineneyo—aphula imixokelelwane emide yepolymer, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu i-viscosity. Umzekelo, iipolymers zeHPAM ezinobunzima obuphezulu be-molecular (>10 MDa) zinokuwa kakhulu ubunzima be-molecular (ngamanye amaxesha ziye kwi-200 kDa) emva kokudlula kwizixhobo ezicheba kakhulu okanye ilitye eliqinileyo le-reservoir. Oku kuncipha kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshiza kulahlekile kwaye ulawulo olubi lokuhamba, ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekubuyiselweni kweoyile okuncinci. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye ne-oxygen enyibilikisiweyo kwandisa amazinga okuwohloka, nangona utshintsho kuxinzelelo kunye netyuwa lungenampembelelo ingako kule meko.
2. Ukufunxwa kunye nokugcinwa kwindawo yokugcinwa kwamanzi
Iimolekyuli zePolyacrylamide zinokufunxwa okanye zibanjwe kwiindawo zeeminerali ngaphakathi kwelitye eligcina amanzi, nto leyo enciphisa uxinano lwepolymer olusebenzayo olusasazeka ngemidiya eneembobo. Kwilitye lesanti, ukufunxwa ngokwasemzimbeni, ukubhaqwa koomatshini, kunye nokusebenzisana kwe-electrostatic kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Iindawo ezinetyuwa eninzi, ezixhaphakileyo kuphuhliso lweoyile emanzini anzulu kunye nentsimi yegesi, ziyandisa ezi ziphumo, ngelixa izakhiwo zamatye eziqhekekileyo ziyenza nzima indlela yepolymer—ngamanye amaxesha zinciphisa ukugcinwa kodwa ngexabiso lokuswela ngokulinganayo. Ukufunxwa okugqithisileyo akunciphisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kweekhemikhali kodwa kunokutshintsha i-viscosity yangaphakathi, kuthomalalise ulawulo lokuhamba olucetywayo.
3. Isisombululo sokwaluphala kunye nokuhambelana kweekhemikhali
Izisombululo zePolymer zinokonakala ngokweekhemikhali okanye ngokwebhayoloji ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokufakwa. Ii-divalent cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) emanzini akhiweyo zinceda ukudibana kunye nokuna kwemvula, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ngokukhawuleza kwe-viscosity. Ukungahambelani ne-saline okanye i-hard brine kuyingxaki yokugcina i-viscosity. Ngaphezu koko, ukubakho kweentlobo ezithile zeentsholongwane kunokubangela ukubola kwe-biodegradation, ingakumbi kwiimeko zokuphinda kusetyenziswe amanzi avelisiweyo. Amaqondo obushushu edama kunye nokufumaneka kwe-oxygen enyibilikisiweyo kwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwe-chain eqhutywa yi-free-radical, nto leyo enegalelo ekwaluphaleni nasekulahlekelweni yi-viscosity.
Ulawulo lweNkqubo olunomlinganiselo oQhubekekayo wokuViscosity
Umlinganiselo we-viscosity oqhubekayokunye nolawulo lwempendulo oluzenzekelayo ngexesha langempela zizinto eziqinisekisiweyo zokungenelela ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemisebenzi yokukhukula kwepolymer. Izixhobo zokulinganisa i-oyile ekwi-inline ephucukileyo, ezifana ne-data-driven viscosity meter (VVM), zibonelela ngokufundwa okuzenzakalelayo, okuqhubekayo kwe-polymer solution viscosity kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo. Ezi zixhobo zisebenza kunye nokulinganisa kwelebhu yendabuko kunye ne-offline, zibonelela ngeprofayili ye-viscosity ebanzi kuyo yonke indlela yokusebenza yokubuyisela ioyile ephuculweyo.
Iingenelo eziphambili kunye nezisombululo ezisebenza zezi nkqubo ziquka:
- Ukunciphisa ukubola koomatshini:Ngokujonga i-viscosity ngexesha langempela, abaqhubi banokulungisa amazinga epompo kwaye baphinde balungiselele izixhobo zomphezulu ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwe-shear. Umzekelo, ukufunyanwa kwangoko kokwehla kwe-viscosity—okubonisa ukuqhekeka kwe-polymer okuzayo—kubangela ukungenelela kwangoko komsebenzi, kugcina ukuthembeka kwe-polyacrylamide.
- Ukulawula iingozi zokufunxa kunye nokugcina:Ngedatha ye-viscosity ezenzekelayo rhoqo, iibhanki ze-polymer kunye neenkqubo zokujova zinokulungiswa ngokuguquguqukayo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba uxinano lwe-polymer olusebenzayo olungena kwidama luphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshiza, nto leyo ebuyisela ilahleko zentsimi ezibonwayo ekugcinweni.
- Ukugcina Ukuhambelana Kweekhemikhali Kwiindawo Ezinzima:Ukulinganiswa kwe-inline viscosity kwiipolymers eziphuculweyo zokubuyisa ioyile kuvumela ukubonwa ngokukhawuleza kotshintsho lwe-viscosity ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-brine okanye ukuguga kwesisombululo. Abaqhubi banokutshintsha ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe iifomyula ze-polymer okanye ulandelelwano lwee-slugs zeekhemikhali ukuze kugcinwe iipropati ze-rheological, kuthintelwe iingxaki zokujova kunye neefronts ezingalinganiyo zokufuduka.
- Umlinganiselo oQhelekileyo weMigca:Hlanganisa umlinganiselo we-viscosity ekwi-intanethi oqhelekileyo kuyo yonke ikhonkco lokuhambisa—ukusuka kwi-make-up ukuya kwi-injection nakwintloko yomthombo.
- Ulawulo lweNkqubo oluQhutywa yiDatha:Sebenzisa iinkqubo zempendulo ezenzekelayo ezilungisa idosi yepolymer, ukuxuba, okanye iiparameter zokusebenza ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa ukuba isisombululo esifakwe kwi-injection sihlangabezana rhoqo ne-viscosity ekujoliswe kuyo.
- Ukukhethwa kunye nokuLungiswa kwePolymer:Khetha iipolymers ezenzelwe ukuzinza kwe-shear/thermal kwaye zihambelane nemeko-bume ye-ionic yedama. Sebenzisa iipolymers eziguqulweyo kumphezulu okanye ezixutyiweyo (umz., i-HPAM ene-nanoparticles okanye i-functional group enhancements) xa i-salinity ephezulu okanye ii-divalent cations zingenakuthintelwa.
- Izixhobo Ezilungiselelwe Ukucheba:Yila kwaye uhlaziye rhoqo izinto ezikumphezulu (iipompo, iivalvu, imigca) ukuze unciphise ukuvezwa kuxinzelelo lokucheba, njengoko kubonisiwe luvavanyo lwentsimi kunye nomzekelo.
- Ukuqinisekiswa Okuqhelekileyo:Qinisekisa iziphumo zokulinganisa i-viscosity kwi-intanethi ngohlalutyo lwe-viscosity yesisombululo se-polyacrylamide olusekwe kwilebhu rhoqo kunye ne-rheology yesampulu yentsimi.
Iingcebiso zoLawulo lweViscosity eziQinisekisiweyo kwiNdawo
Ukulandela ezi ndlela zibalaseleyo kwizicelo zeendawo ezikhukulayo zepolymer kuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhukula kwiindawo zokugcina ioyile, ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kweprojekthi yokubuyisela ioyile ephuculweyo ngamakhemikhali, kunye nokuphucula uphuhliso lweendawo zeoyile negesi kwiindawo ezinzulu ezinengxaki.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Sweep ngokusebenzisa i-Viscosity Optimization
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Sweep yiparameter ephambili kwimpumelelo yezicwangciso zokubuyisela ioyile ephuculweyo (EOR), ngakumbi kwizikhukula zepolymer. Ichaza indlela ulwelo olufakwe kwi-injection oludlula ngayo kwidama, lusuka kwindawo yokujova luye kwimithombo yemveliso, kwaye lususa ioyile kwiindawo ezifikelela kwi-permeability ephezulu nephantsi. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-sweep kuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olufanayo nolubanzi phakathi kwee-agents ezijoviweyo kunye neoyile eseleyo, kunciphisa iindawo ezigqithiweyo kwaye kwandisa ukufuduka kunye nokubuyiselwa kweoyile.
Indlela Ukuphucula Ukuqina Kwe-Viscosity Okuyiphucula Ngayo Ukusebenza Kakuhle Kokutshaya
Iipolymers ezisekwe kwiPolyacrylamide, eziqhele ukuba yi-hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), zibalulekile ekubuyiselweni kweoyile ephuculweyo kwizikhukula zepolymer. Ezi polymers zonyusa i-viscosity yamanzi afakwe kwi-oyile, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa umlinganiselo wokuhamba (ukususa ukuhamba kolwelo ngokuchasene nokuhamba kweoyile ehambileyo). Umlinganiselo wokuhamba ongaphantsi okanye olingana nomnye ubalulekile; uthintela ukuxinana kweminwe kwaye unciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi, imiba edla ngokubonwa ngexesha lokukhukula kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo. Isiphumo kukuba ummandla wezikhukula ozinzileyo noqhubekayo, obalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwezikhukula zepolymer kwiindawo zokugcina ioyile.
Inkqubela phambili ekuqulunqweni kwepolymer—kuquka ukongezwa kwee-nanoparticles ezifana ne-nano-SiO₂—zinolawulo oluphuculweyo lwe-viscosity. Umzekelo, iinkqubo ze-nano-SiO₂-HPAM zenza izakhiwo zenethiwekhi ezidibeneyo kwisisombululo, ziphucula kakhulu i-viscosity kunye nokuguquguquka. Olu tshintsho luphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-macroscopic sweep ngokukhuthaza ukuhamba okufana ngakumbi ngaphambili kunye nokuthintela ukuhamba kwiitshaneli ezinokungena okuphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kujoliswe kwioyile ebezingayi kudlula. Izifundo zasentsimini nezelebhu zikhankanya ukunyuka okuphakathi kwe-6% ekubuyiselweni kweoyile kunye nokunciphisa kwe-14% kuxinzelelo lwe-injection ngeenkqubo eziphuculweyo ze-nano xa kuthelekiswa nokukhukula kwepolymer eqhelekileyo, okuguqulela ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo.
Kwiindawo zokugcina izinto ezahlukeneyo, iindlela zokufaka i-polymer ezijikelezayo—ezifana nokutshintshana kwe-slugs zezisombululo ze-polymer eziphantsi neziphezulu zetyuwa—zinceda ukwenziwa ngcono kwe-viscosity kwindawo. Le ndlela icwangcisiweyo ijongana nemingeni ye-injection yendawo kufutshane nemithombo kwaye ifezekisa iiprofayili ezinqwenelekayo ze-viscosity ephezulu nzulu ekubunjweni, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-sweep ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ubudlelwane obuphakathi koBungqingili, ukuTshawa, kunye nokuBuyiselwa kweOyile
Uphando olubanzi kunye nokusasazwa kwentsimi kumisela amakhonkco acacileyo obungakanani phakathi kwe-polymer solution viscosity, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-sweep, kunye nokubuyiswa kweoyile ekugqibeleni. Uvavanyo lwe-core fluorescence kunye novavanyo lwe-rheological lubonisa rhoqo ukuba ukwandisa i-polymer viscosity kuphucula ukubuyiselwa; umzekelo, ukunyusa i-solution viscosity ukuya kwi-215 mPa·s kuboniswe ukuba kuphakamisa izinto zokubuyisela ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-71%, okuphawula ukuphucuka kwe-40% xa kuthelekiswa neziseko zamanzi akhukulisayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho i-optimal esebenzayo: ukudlula i-viscosity thresholds efanelekileyo kunokuphazamisa i-injectivity okanye kunyuse iindleko zokusebenza ngaphandle kwenzuzo elinganayo ekubuyiselweni.
Ngaphezu koko, ukufanisa okanye ukudlula kancinci i-viscosity ye-oyile ekrwada ekwindawo kunye nesisombululo se-polymer esifakwe kwi-injection—esibizwa ngokuba yi-viscous/gravity ratio optimization—kuye kwabonakala kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwe-oyile kunye negesi emanzini anzulu. Le ndlela iphucula ukufuduka kwe-oyile ngokulinganisela amandla e-capillary, gravity, kunye ne-viscous, njengoko kuqinisekiswa ziimodeli zombini (umz., iimodeli ze-UTCHEM) kunye nedatha yentsimi yokwenyani.
Iindlela zovavanyo eziphambili, kuquka izixhobo zokulinganisa i-oyile emgceni kunye novavanyo lwe-polymer viscosity olusebenza kakuhle, zivumela uhlalutyo oluqinileyo lwe-polyacrylamide solution viscosity ngexesha lemisebenzi ye-EOR. Ezi zixhobo zibalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono okuqhubekayo, zivumela uhlengahlengiso lwexesha langempela kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshayelwa kuyo yonke i-lifecycle yesikhukula.
Ngamafutshane, ukwenziwa ngcono kwe-polymer flooding viscosity—exhaswa yi-field-application viscosity measurement for polymers extended oil recovery kunye ne-experienced processing—imi njengesiseko sokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-sweep kunye neenzuzo zokubuyiselwa ngokubanzi kwiimeko ze-oyile kunye negesi ezintsonkothileyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinzulu.
Ukuphunyezwa kwezikhukula zePolymer inAmasimi eoyile kunye negesi emanzini anzulu
Ukulungiswa kwePolymer eCwangcisiweyo, ukuxuba, kunye noLawulo loMgangatho
Kuphuhliso lwe-oyile kunye negesi emanzini anzulu, isiseko sokuphumelela kokubuyiselwa kweoyile okuphuculweyo ngenxa yokukhukuliswa kwe-polymer kukulungiswa ngononophelo nangokungaguquguqukiyo kwezisombululo ezisekwe kwi-polyacrylamide. Ingqwalasela engqongqo kumgangatho wamanzi ibalulekile; ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi acocekileyo, athambileyo kuthintela ukusebenzisana okungafunekiyo okunciphisa i-polyacrylamide viscosity ekubuyiselweni kweoyile. Inkqubo yokunyibilika kufuneka ilawulwe—umgubo we-polymer wongezwa kancinci kancinci emanzini ngokushukuma okuphakathi. Ukuxuba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kubangela ukuwohloka kwetyathanga le-polymer, ngelixa kancinci kakhulu kuphumela ekuqhekekeni nasekubunjweni kwesisombululo esingaphelelanga.
Isantya sokuxuba silungiswa ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwepolymer kunye nezixhobo, ngokuqhelekileyo kugcinwa ii-RPM eziphakathi ukukhuthaza ukufuma okupheleleyo kunye nokulingana. Ubude bokuxuba buqinisekiswa ngokuthatha iisampulu rhoqo kunye nohlalutyo lwe-viscosity yesisombululo se-polyacrylamide ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa. Uxinzelelo lwesisombululo lumiselwa ziimfuno zedama kwaye lubalwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokuvavanya i-viscosity yeoyile, ukulinganisela phakathi kokuphucula i-viscosity ngempumelelo kunye nokuphepha imiba yokujova.
Iimeko zokugcina ulwandle kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo. I-Polyacrylamide inovelwano kubushushu, ekukhanyeni, nakumswakama, ifuna iindawo ezipholileyo nezomileyo. Lungisa izisombululo kufutshane nexesha lokujova kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukuwohloka. Sebenzisa ulawulo lomgangatho wentsimi ngokuthatha iisampulu zesiqhelo kunye nokwenza uvavanyo lwe-polymer viscosity olusebenza kakuhle kwindawo, usebenzisa iindlela zokulinganisa i-polymer solution viscosity. Idatha yexesha langempela iqinisekisa ukuba izisombululo zihlala ngaphakathi kweenkcukacha ezijoliswe kuzo, zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-polymer flooding sweep.
Ukubaluleka kokubeka esweni rhoqo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwexesha langempela
Ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwesisombululo sepolymer phantsi kweemeko zokuhlola ioyile kunye negesi emanzini anzulu kufuna ukuba kubekho ukubekwa kweliso rhoqo kwe-viscosity ngaphakathi. Iitekhnoloji ezifana neemitha ze-viscosity eziqhutywa yidatha (ii-VVM), ii-rheometer ze-ultrasonic, kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa i-viscosity yeoyile ngaphakathi zibonelela ngokulandelela ngexesha langempela kweempawu zolwelo—nokuba ziphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu (i-HPHT), kunye neendawo eziguquguqukayo zetyuwa.
Ukulinganisa okuqhubekekayo, okucwangcisiweyo kwenza ukuba kufunyanwe utshintsho kwi-rheology ye-polymer ngexesha lokugcina, ukuxuba, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokufakwa. Ezi nkqubo zityhila ngoko nangoko ukuwohloka, ukungcola, okanye iziganeko zokunyibilikisa ezinokuthi zichaphazele ukusetyenziswa kwentsimi yezikhukula ze-polymer. Umzekelo, izinzwa zentambo yokungcangcazela ezantsi zibonelela ngeeprofayili ze-viscosity eziphilayo, zixhasa ulawulo oluguquguqukayo kwiiparameter ze-injection ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zedama elingaphakathi.
Abaqhubi basebenzisa le mpendulo yexesha langempela ukwenza uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo lwedosi—ukutshintsha uxinaniso lwepolymer, izinga lokujova, okanye nokutshintsha iintlobo zepolymer ukuba kuyimfuneko. Iipolymers ze-nanocomposite eziphambili, ezifana ne-HPAM-SiO₂, zibonisa uzinzo oluphezulu lwe-viscosity, kwaye izixhobo ziqinisekisa ngokuthembekileyo ukusebenza kwazo kunee-HPAM eziqhelekileyo, ingakumbi xa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-sweep kwiindawo zokugcina ioyile kujongwa phambili.
Iinkqubo zolwelo ezikrelekrele kunye namaqonga olawulo lwedijithali adibanisa umlinganiselo we-viscosity wee-polymers zokubuyisela ioyile eziphuculweyo ngqo kwiiskid zaselwandle okanye kumagumbi olawulo. Oku kwenza ukuba iinkqubo zokufaka inaliti zisebenze ngexesha langempela, ngokusekelwe kukulingisa, kwaye kuncitshiswe ngokukhawuleza iingxaki ezifana nokulahleka kwe-injection okanye ukukhuhla okungalinganiyo.
Iindlela Zokusasaza Ezikhuselekileyo Nezisebenzayo Emanzini Aselwandle Nasemanzini Anzulu
Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokubuyisela ioyile eziphuculweyo kwiikhemikhali kude nonxweme kubandakanya iimfuno ezizodwa zokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko. Iinkqubo ze-modular skid zezona ndlela zikhethwayo, zibonelela ngeeyunithi zenkqubo eziguquguqukayo, ezenziwe kwangaphambili ezinokufakelwa kwaye zandiswe njengoko intsimi itshintsha. Ezi zinciphisa ubunzima bokufakelwa, ixesha lokungasebenzi, kunye neendleko ngelixa ziphucula ulawulo lokufakwa kunye nokhuseleko kwindawo.
Iitekhnoloji zepolymer ezifakwe kwiikhaphu zomeleza ukujova okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo. Iipolymer ezigqunywe zizinto ezikhuselayo ziyamelana nokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo, ukuchetywa ngoomatshini, kunye nokufuma ngaphambi kwexesha de kube kuchaphazeleka kulwelo lwamanzi olugcinwa kwidama. Olu kuhanjiswa kujoliswe kulo kunciphisa ukulahleka, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwindawo yokudibana, kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kokujova.
Izisombululo kufuneka zihlolwe ukuba ziyahambelana na neziseko zophuhliso zamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle ezikhoyo. Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuvavanya i-oyile kwindawo ukuqinisekisa iinkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba kungeniswe ulwelo kwinkqubo. Ukufakwa okuqhelekileyo kukwabandakanya iindlela zokujova zePolymer-Alternating-Water (PAW), eziphucula ulawulo lokuhamba kunye nokutshiza kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi anzulu ezahlukeneyo okanye ezihlukeneyo.
Ukunamathela ngokungqongqo kwiindlela zokhuseleko lwaselwandle kuyadingeka kwinqanaba ngalinye: ukuphathwa kweekhemikhali ezixineneyo, imisebenzi yokuxuba, uvavanyo lomgangatho, ukucoca inkqubo, kunye nocwangciso lokuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka. Ukulinganiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-polyacrylamide solution viscosity—kunye neempawu ze-redundancy kunye ne-alamu—kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuphambuka kuyabanjwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqhubekele phambili kwimpilo, ukhuseleko, okanye iziganeko zokusingqongileyo.
Ii-algorithms zokuphucula ukubekwa kwemithombo zinceda ekukhokeleni amaqhinga okufaka ioyile, ukuphucula ukubuyiswa kweoyile kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-polymer. Ezi zigqibo eziqhutywa yi-algorithm zilungelelanisa ukusebenza kobugcisa kunye neengqwalasela zokusingqongileyo kunye noqoqosho, zixhasa imisebenzi ye-EOR ezinzileyo elwandle.
Ukukhukula kwepolymer emanzini anzulu kuxhomekeke kulawulo oluvela ekupheleni ukuya ekupheleni: ukusuka ekulungiseleleni okucwangcisiweyo ngokuxuba kunye nokulinganisa okulinganiselweyo, ngokubeka esweni okungqongqo ngaphakathi kunye nokulungiswa kwexesha langempela, ukuya kwiinkqubo zokujova ezimiselweyo, ezifakwe ngaphakathi, nezikhuselekileyo zaselwandle. Into nganye iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokufakwa, ijolise ekubuyiselweni kweoyile okuphuculweyo, kwaye ihambelana nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo engqongqo ngakumbi.
Ukudibanisa iMilinganiselo yeViscosity kwiMisebenzi yasentsimini ukuze kubekho i-EOR efanelekileyo
Ukuhamba komsebenzi wokudibanisa ukuBekwa kweliso kwi-Inline Viscosity kwiinkqubo zasentsimini
Ukudibanisa umlinganiselo we-inline viscosity kwi-polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery (EOR) kwi-deep water oil kunye ne-gas exploration kuguqula imisebenzi yasentsimini ukusuka kwi-intermittent manual sampling ukuya kwi-automated, continuous feedback. Umsebenzi oqinileyo uquka:
- Ukukhethwa kweSensor kunye nokufakwa kwayo:Khetha izixhobo zokulinganisa i-oyile ekwi-inline ezihambelana neemfuno zokusebenza. Iitekhnoloji ziquka ii-sensors ezidlidlizayo eziqhutywa yi-piezoelectric, ii-viscometers ze-Couette ezijikelezayo ezikwi-intanethi, kunye nee-sensors ze-acoustic rheology, nganye ifanelekile kwi-viscoelastic kwaye idla ngokuba yi-non-Newtonian behavior yezisombululo ze-polyacrylamide ezisetyenziswa kwi-EOR.
- Uhlengahlengiso kunye nokusekwa kwesiseko:Lungisa iisensa usebenzisa iiprotokholi ze-rheological eziphambili, usebenzisa zombini ii-linear-elastic kunye ne-viscoelastic calibrations ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kuzo zonke iimeko ezitshintshayo ze-reservoir kunye neekhemikhali. Idatha ye-tensorial evela kwi-tensile kunye ne-DMA calibrations idla ngokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezithembekileyo ngakumbi, ezibalulekileyo kumxholo oguquguqukayo wophuhliso lwe-oyile yamanzi anzulu kunye nentsimi yegesi.
- Ukufunyanwa kwedatha ezenzekelayo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo:Lungiselela izixhobo zokuqokelelwa kwedatha ngexesha langempela. Hlanganisa neenkqubo ze-SCADA okanye ze-DCS ukuze idatha ye-viscosity ihlanganiswe kunye neemetrikhi ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza. Iindlela zokulinganisa ezikwi-inline kunye nohlaziyo lwesiseko oluzenzekelayo kunciphisa ukushukuma kwaye kuphucule ukuqina.
- IiLoops zeNgxelo eziQhubekekayo:Sebenzisa idatha ye-viscosity yexesha langempela ukuze ulungise ngokuguquguqukayo i-polymer dosing, i-water-to-polymer ratios, kunye namazinga okujova. Ukufunda koomatshini okanye uhlalutyo olusebenzisa i-AI luphucula ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo zokugcina ioyile, ukuxhasa abasebenzi basentsimini ngeengcebiso ezinokwenzeka.
Umzekelo:Kwiprojekthi ye-EOR enzulu, ukutshintsha iimvavanyo ezisekelwe kwilebhu ngee-piezoelectric sensors ezikwi-inline kunye nee-virtual viscosity meters kukhokelele ekufumaneni ngokukhawuleza nasekulungiseni uhambo lwe-viscosity, kunciphisa ukuchithwa kwe-polymer kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-sweep.
Ulawulo lweDatha kunye nokuTolikwa kweNkxaso yeZigqibo
Imisebenzi yasentsimini ixhomekeke kakhulu ekwenzeni izigqibo ngexesha langempela, eziqhutywa yidatha kwizicelo zentsimi ezikhukulayo zepolymer. Ukuhlanganiswa komlinganiselo we-viscosity kwiipolymers eziphuculweyo zokubuyisa ioyile kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Iiplatfomu zeDatha eziPhakathi:Idatha ye-viscosity yexesha langempela ingena kwiidama zedatha ezidityanisiweyo okanye kwiinkqubo zamafu, iququzelela uhlalutyo lwe-cross-domain kunye nokugcinwa okukhuselekileyo. Ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokufunyanwa kwedatha yangaphandle kuphucula ukuthembeka.
- Ukuphathwa kwe-Alarm kunye ne-Exception:Izilumkiso ezizenzekelayo zazisa abaqhubi kunye neenjineli malunga nokuphambuka kwe-viscosity kwiindawo ezimiselweyo, okuvumela impendulo ekhawulezileyo kwimiba efana nokuwohloka kwe-polymer okanye ukuxubana kolwelo okungalindelekanga.
- Ukubona kunye nokuNika ingxelo:Iideshibhodi zibonisa iiprofayili ze-viscosity, iitrends, kunye nokuphambuka ngexesha langempela, zixhasa ulawulo olusebenzayo lwe-sweep kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuhlanganiswa nokuphuculwa kweMveliso:Idatha ye-viscosity, xa idibene namazinga emveliso kunye nokufundwa koxinzelelo, ikhokela uhlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo lwamanqanaba e-polymer kunye namaqhinga okufaka ukuze kwandiswe isivuno sokubuyisa ioyile.
Ukufaka uhlalutyo lwe-viscosity kunye nezixhobo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kuqinisa isiseko se-polymer flooding EOR—okuvumela abaqhubi bamasimi ukuba balawule ngokukuko ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhukula, baphendule kwiindlela eziphambukayo, kwaye banikezele ngokubuyiswa kweoyile okuthembekileyo, okungabizi kakhulu kwimeko enzima yokusebenza kweoyile kunye negesi emanzini anzulu.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
1. Kutheni i-polyacrylamide solution viscosity ibalulekile kwi-polymer floodflow ukuze kuphuculwe ukubuyiswa kweoyile?
I-Polyacrylamide solution viscosity ilawula ngokuthe ngqo umlinganiselo wokuhamba phakathi kwamanzi afakwe kwi-oyile kunye ne-resident oil ngexesha lokukhukula kwe-polymer. I-viscosity ephezulu yesisombululo inciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi afakwe kwi-oyile, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni ngcono kokukhukula kunye nokunciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi. Oku kwenza isisombululo se-polymer sisuse i-oyile ebambekileyo ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubuyiselweni kwe-oyile kwiindawo ze-oyile ezinzulu kunye negesi. I-viscosity ephuculweyo ikwanciphisa ukuphuphuma kwamanzi kwangethuba kwaye iphucula ukufuduka kwe-oyile ngaphambili, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekukhuliseni imveliso kusetyenziswa iindlela zokubuyisela i-oyile eziphuculweyo ngeekhemikhali. Uphando luqinisekisa ukuba ukugcina i-polyacrylamide viscosity ephezulu kubalulekile ekukhukuleni ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwentsimi ekukhukuleni kwe-polymer okuphuculweyo.
2. Ziziphi izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela i-viscosity yesisombululo se-polymer ngexesha lemisebenzi ye-EOR?
Izinto ezininzi ezinxulumene nokusebenza kunye nedama elinokuchaphazela i-viscosity yesisombululo se-polymer:
- Ubutyuwa:Ubuninzi betyuwa, ingakumbi xa kukho ii-divalent cations ezifana ne-calcium kunye ne-magnesium, kunokunciphisa i-polyacrylamide viscosity. Izisombululo kufuneka zenziwe ukuze zihlale zizinzile phantsi kweemeko zamanzi agciniweyo.
- Ubushushu:Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu edama adla ngokunciphisa i-viscosity yesisombululo kwaye anokukhawulezisa ukuwohloka kwe-polymer. Ii-polymers okanye izongezo ezizinzileyo kubushushu zinokufuneka kwiindawo ezinamanzi anzulu okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
- Izinga lokucheba:Ukucheba iipompo, iipayipi, okanye imidiya eneembobo kunokubangela ukulahleka kwe-viscosity ngokudilizwa koomatshini. Iipolymers ezicheba ii-shear ziyathandwa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kwiindawo ezinesantya esiphezulu.
- Uxinaniso lwePolymer:Ukwanda koxinzelelo lwepolymer kwandisa ukuxinana kwesisombululo, kuphucula ukukhuhla kodwa kunokunyusa imingeni yokufakelwa okanye iindleko.
- Ukungcola:Ukubakho kweoyile, izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, kunye neentsholongwane kunokonakalisa i-polymer kwaye kunciphise ukuxinana.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwee-nanoparticles njengezongezo (umz., i-SiO₂) kubonise ithemba ekuphuculeni i-viscosity kunye nozinzo, ingakumbi phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zetyuwa kunye nobushushu, kodwa iingozi zokuqokelelana kufuneka zilawulwe.
3. Ukulinganiswa kwe-inline viscosity kuphucula njani ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhukula kwepolymer?
Ukulinganiswa kwe-viscosity emgceni kubonelela ngedatha eqhubekayo, yexesha langempela kwisisombululo se-polymer njengoko silungiswa kwaye sifakwa. Oku kubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi:
- Impendulo ekhawulezileyo:Abaqhubi banokubona utshintsho lwe-viscosity ngoko nangoko baze benze uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezayo kwi-polymer concentration okanye kwi-injection parameters.
- Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho:Uqinisekisa ukuba ibhetshi nganye yepolymer ihlangabezana ne-viscosity ekujoliswe kuyo, igcina ukuhambelana kwenkqubo kwaye inciphisa inkunkuma.
- Ukusebenza kakuhle:Inciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi, njengoko ukuphambuka akufuneki kulinde iziphumo zelebhu ezicothayo. Ulawulo lwexesha langempela luxhasa ukuzenzekela, ukunciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi kunye nokuphucula uqoqosho lweprojekthi ye-EOR.
- Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Sweep:Ngokugcina i-viscosity efanelekileyo ngexesha lokufakwa kwenaliti, ukulinganisa okucwangcisiweyo kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshiza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuhambisa ioyile, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinzima zeoyile kunye negesi emanzini anzulu.
4. Zeziphi iintlobo zezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-oyile viscosity ngexesha le-EOR?
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokuvavanya i-oyile zisetyenziswa kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokuphucula ukubuyiswa kweoyile:
- IiViscometers ezikwimigca:Nika umlinganiselo wexesha langempela, oqhubekayo ngqo kumjelo wenkqubo. Ziqinile kwaye zifanelekile ukudityaniswa kwiinkqubo zolawulo ezizenzekelayo.
- IiViscometers ezijikelezayo:Izixhobo ezifana neFann-35 okanye iirheometers zisebenzisa i-spindle ejikelezayo ukulinganisa i-viscosity yolwelo. Ezi ziqhelekile kwi-laboratory nakwi-batch sampling kwindawo.
- Ii-Marsh Funnels kunye neeViscometers zeWire Vibrating:Izixhobo ezilula neziphathekayo zasentsimini ezibonelela ngovavanyo olukhawulezileyo, nokuba aluchanekanga kangako, lwe-viscosity.
- Uvavanyo lweNtsebenzo ePhakamileyo:Izixhobo zokulinganisa i-oyile ephucukileyo ezinokuqikelela ukufunda koomatshini, imodeli yezibalo, okanye imbuyekezo yobushushu/uxinzelelo ziyasetyenziswa ngakumbi, ingakumbi kuphuhliso lwe-oyile yedijithali kunye nemisebenzi eqhubekayo yokukhukula kwe-polymer.
Ukulinganisela kokukhethwa kwezixhobo kufuna ukuchaneka, ukuqina kwentsimi, iindleko, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha kwimisebenzi.
5. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhuhla kunceda njani ekubuyiselweni kweoyile kwiindawo ezinzulu?
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshayela kubhekisa kumlinganiselo wendawo yokugcina ioyile edibene neyasuswa lulwelo olufakwe kwi-oyile. Kuphuhliso lwe-oyile negesi emanzini anzulu, ukungafani, umlinganiselo wokuhamba okuphezulu, kunye nokuhambisa imisele kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshayela kwaye kushiya ioyile enkulu ingafakwanga.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshiza ngokulawula i-viscosity kuqinisekisa:
- Unxibelelwano olubanzi:Isisombululo sepolymer esiqinileyo sisasaza umlambo, sinciphisa ukuxinana kwemijelo kunye nokuxinana kweminwe.
- Ioyile Engadlulanga Kancinci:Ukuhambelana okuphuculweyo kuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezazingatshayelwanga ngaphambili zichaphazeleka lulwelo olufakwe kwi-injection.
- Into Ephuculiweyo Yokubuyisela Umzimba:Ukufuduka okusebenzayo ngakumbi kuthetha ukuba imveliso yeoli eqokelelweyo iphezulu.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-07-2025
