I-phosphate slurry ngumxube oxineneyo welitye le-phosphate elicoliweyo elixhonywe emanzini. Ibalulekile ekuvelisweni kwemigodi nakwimveliso yezichumisi, ngakumbi ekuthuthweni kwezinto eziluhlaza ukusuka kwimigodi ukuya kwizityalo zokucubungula kunye nemveliso ye-phosphoric acid. Ngenxa yexabiso layo lezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo, ukuthuthwa kwe-phosphate slurry okusebenzayo kuxhasa uthotho lobonelelo lwamacandelo amakhulu ezolimo kunye nemizi-mveliso.
Ukuthuthwa kwe-phosphate slurry kudla ngokuqhutywa ngemibhobho, apho ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuhambelana kwemveliso kubaluleke kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ze-rheological ze-phosphate slurry zizisa imingeni ebalulekileyo. Ukuziphatha kwayo okungekuko kwe-Newtonian, ukucheba kuthetha ukuba iimpawu ze-viscosity kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi ziyatshintsha ngokuguquguqukayo, kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo oluqinileyo, ubungakanani besuntswana, kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali. Imithwalo ephezulu eqinileyo inokuphakamisa i-viscosity kunye noxinzelelo lwemveliso, okwenza ukuthuthwa kwemibhobho kube lula kwimfuno yamandla eyandayo, ukuhamba okungalindelekanga, kunye nomngcipheko wokuvaleka okanye ukuhlala.
Izinto ezisisiseko zokuziphatha kwePhosphate Slurry
Ukwakhiwa kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo
I-phosphate slurry yenziwe yi-phosphate ore eyahlulwe kakuhle exhonywe kulwelo oluthwala inkunkuma, ngesiqhelo ngamanzi. Umxube uhlala uquka izongezo zeekhemikhali ezifana nee-flotation reagents, ii-pH modifiers, okanye ezinye iikhemikhali zenkqubo ezenzelwe iimfuno zokuphucula ityuwa. Izinto ezintathu eziphambili—amasuntswana axhonyiweyo, ulwelo oluthwala inkunkuma, kunye nezongezo—zilawula ukusebenzisana kwe-slurry ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweekhemikhali.
Ukucubungula iPhosphate Rock
*
Ubungakanani bamasuntswana kunye nokusasazwa kobukhulu bamasuntswana kubalulekile. Amasuntswana amancinci andisa indawo yomphezulu, okwandisa ukusebenza kweekhemikhali kunye nokuqina kodaka. Xa ukusasazwa kobukhulu kuncipha (oko kukuthi, amasuntswana aba afanayo ngakumbi), ukuqina kodaka kunyuka kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuhamba kwaye kunyuse umngcipheko wokuhlaliswa kwemibhobho. Ukusasazwa okubanzi (i-polydisperse), xa kwenziwa uyilo, kunokunciphisa ukuqina okubonakalayo ngokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokupakisha kunye nokunciphisa ukungqubana phakathi kwamasuntswana. Umzekelo, udonga olusikiweyo ngokwemodeli yeRosin-Rammler-Benne okanye oluhlalutywe yi-fractal geometry lubonisa umahluko ophawulweyo kwiipropati ze-rheological kunye nokumelana nokuthuthwa.
Uxinaniso oluqinileyo lumisela indlela amasuntswana axineneyo apakishwe ngayo. Uxinaniso oluphezulu luphakamisa zombini i-viscosity ebonakalayo kunye noxinzelelo lwemveliso, lutshintsha indlela yokuhamba ukusuka kwi-pseudoplastic (uxinaniso oluphakathi) ukuya kwi-Bingham plastic okanye nakwiindlela ezingaqhelekanga ze-non-Newtonian ngokwezinga eliphezulu. Ubudlelwane phakathi koxinaniso kunye nokusasazwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana bubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukuthuthwa koludaka—ukulawula ezi zinto zimbini kuvumela ukuhamba kwepayipi okusebenzayo koludaka, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuguga koomatshini.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezifana ne-viscosity kunye noxinano zibeka iiparameter zokusebenza ezisisiseko ukuze kuthuthwe kakuhle imibhobho. I-slurry viscosity iyalela ukumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi, ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iimfuno zokumpompa. I-slurry density, ephenjelelwa luxinzelelo oluqinileyo kunye neempawu ze-particle, ibumba iprofayili yoxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic kwaye ilawula amandla okuvaleka kwemibhobho kunye neziganeko zokumisa. Iimitha ze-viscosity ezikwi-intanethi, iimitha ze-liquid density ezikwi-intanethi, kunye neendlela ezichanekileyo zokulinganisa i-slurry viscosity ziyafuneka ukuze kujongwe ngexesha langempela kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo, zixhasa zombini iindlela zokuthintela ukuvaleka kwemibhobho kunye neendlela zokuthintela ukuhlaliswa.
Impembelelo ye-Slurry Rheology ekucutshungulweni
Iiphosphate slurries zihlala zibonisa ukuziphatha okungekuko okweNewtonian. I-viscosity yazo ayiguquguquki; ixhomekeke kwisantya sokucheba esisetyenzisiweyo. Uninzi lubonisa iimpawu ze-yield-pseudoplastic (ukucheba okuncinci kunye noxinzelelo lwe-yield) okanye zeplastiki yeBingham. Ngokwendlela esebenzayo, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuqala kuphela xa uxinzelelo lwe-threshold (yield) ludlule; ngaphaya koku, i-viscosity iyancipha ngokukhawuleza ngamazinga aphezulu okucheba.
Indalo engeyiyo iNewtonian ineziphumo ezithe ngqo kwindlela yokuhamba kwamanzi kunye noyilo lwenkqubo:
- Ukwehla koxinzelelo:Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwemveliso kwandisa ukwehla koxinzelelo olufunekayo kwisantya esithile sokuthutha. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka amandla angakumbi ukugcina ukuhamba, ingakumbi kwisantya esiphantsi okanye ngoxinzelelo oluqinileyo oluphezulu. Iimodeli zezibalo ezifana nomthetho weHerschel-Bulkley, Bingham, okanye i-Ostwald-Power zihlala zisetyenziswa ukuqikelela le ndlela yokuziphatha kunye nokwazisa ubungakanani benkqubo.
- Ukuphila kakuhle kwepayipi:Xa uxinzelelo lwe-viscosity kunye ne-oil stress lunyuka ngaphaya kwemida ethile (ngenxa yotshintsho kubukhulu be-particle okanye i-concentration), umngcipheko wokuma kokuhamba kwamanzi, ukuvaleka kwemibhobho, okanye ukuhla kwe-scale solvent kuyanda. Ulawulo olusebenzayo lobukhulu be-particle kunye ne-concentration, kunye nokubeka iliso kwi-viscosity kunye ne-density ngexesha langempela kusetyenziswa izisombululo ezivela kwi-abavelisi bemitha yoxinano kwi-intanethinjengeLonnmeter, zibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekileyo.
- Ukuphuculwa kwezoThutho:Ukuziphatha kokunciphisa ukucheba (pseudoplastic) kunceda ukupompa kuba i-viscosity iyehla xa kucheba kakhulu. Olu phawu lwenza ukuba kusetyenziswe amandla aphantsi ngexesha lokuthuthwa kwemibhobho ngendlela ezinzileyo, ukuba amazinga okucheba okusebenza ahambelana kakuhle neempawu zokutyibilika.
- Uyilo lweReactor:Kwi-desulfurization kunye ne-dephosphorization, i-rheology engeyiyo i-Newtonian ichaphazela ukuxubana kwee-reactor, ukudluliselwa kobunzima, kunye nokusasazwa kwexesha lokuhlala. I-viscosity ebonakalayo kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo lwemveliso zombini amandla okuxuba afunekayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweempendulo zeekhemikhali eziqinileyo-ezimanzi kwi-reactor.
Iziphumo ezisebenzayo zixhomekeke ekuchazeni ngokuchanekileyo kwe-rheological. Izixhobo ezifana ne-rotary rheometry, ii-rotary viscometers, kunye neemodeli ze-CFD eziphambili zisetyenziselwa ukwakha iimodeli zokuhamba ngokuchanekileyo. Uvavanyo lwepayipi yelebhu kunye neyemizi-mveliso luqinisekisa indlela esebenza ngayo, lukhokela iinkqubo zokusebenza ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuguga koomatshini. Izisombululo zokulinganisa ngexesha langempela, ezifana neemitha ze-viscosity ezikwi-intanethi kunye nokulinganisa ubungakanani bee-particles ezimiswe, zixhasa amaqhinga olawulo oluguquguqukayo—ukunceda ukuthintela imiba efana nokulungiswa kwe-slurry kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kothutho lwe-slurry kwiipayipi zoshishino.
Ngamafutshane, iimpawu ze-phosphate slurry—ingakumbi ezo zilawulwa ngokusebenzisana kwee-slimmered particles, concentration, additives, kunye ne-liquid phase—zichaza zombini ukusebenza kothutho kunye nokuphila kwenkqubo. Ukulawula ii-slimmered particles kwi-slurry, ukujonga ukusasazwa kobungakanani bee-particles, kunye nokulawula concentration yezinto eziqinileyo zibalulekile ekuphuculeni ukuhamba kwepayipi, ukuthintela ukuzinza, kunye nokwenza ngcono uthutho lwe-slurry kwiinkqubo zokuxhamla kwi-industrial phosphate.
Ukususa i-sulfurization kunye ne-Dephosphorization nge-Phosphate Slurry
Imigaqo yeNkqubo
Ukususwa kwesalfurizationkunye neenkqubo zokususa i-phosphorus ezisebenzisa i-phosphate slurry zisebenza ngokwemigaqo ye-gas-liquid-solid phase absorption reactions kwi-wet reactors.I-Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)Kwi-industrial flue gas iqale inyibilike ibe yi-liquid phase ye-phosphate slurry. Apho, isabela ngokukhawuleza kunye nee-phosphate ions kunye namanzi, yenze i-phosphoric acid kunye ne-solid byproducts, ngelixa ivumela ukubuyiswa kwe-phosphorus. Iindlela zokufunxa zibonakaliswa ngokuguqulwa okuhamba kancinci: i-gas-phase SO₂ iyasasazeka kwiindawo ezinamathontsi, ingene kwi-slurry, ize emva koko ihlulwe ngokweekhemikhali. Ukutsalwa kwe-magnesium kwi-slurry kunokwenzeka, kuxhomekeke kwindawo ethile yeekhemikhali kunye namazinga okudluliselwa kobunzima. Ulawulo oluphambili kwisantya sokufunxa lusetyenziswa kukumelana kwefilimu yegesi kwindawo ejongene nayo, okwenza i-turbulence kunye nokuxuba kube yinto ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle.
Ukudibana kweenkqubo ezibonakalayo ngaphakathi kwi-reactor kubalulekile kwimveliso yenkqubo. Amaconsi amdaka axhonywe kumjelo wegesi andisa indawo yokudibana kwe-SO₂ kunye nokufunxwa, kunye namazinga okudluliselwa kobunzima begesi-ulwelo alawulwa bubungakanani bamaconsi, isantya sokutyibilika, amanqanaba okuxinana, kunye nobushushu. Ukudluliselwa kobunzima okusebenzayo kuxhomekeke ekusasazekeni ngokwasemzimbeni kwamaconsi kunye ne-kinetics yempendulo yawo ne-SO₂. Ukusebenzisana okuphuculweyo kwe-droplet-gas akukhuthazi kuphela ukususwa kwe-SO₂ kodwa kukwaxhasa ukubuyiselwa kwe-phosphate ngokufanelekileyo, okubalulekileyo kulawulo oludibeneyo longcoliseko kunye nokurisayikilisha izixhobo.
Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukusebenza Kakuhle Kwempendulo
Ijiyometri ye-reactor yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa. Izinto ezithile ezifana ne-angle yokungena kunye nobubanzi zilawula indlela igesi kunye ne-slurry ezingena kwaye zixubana ngayo ngaphakathi kwe-reactor. Umzekelo, ii-angles ezincinci zokungena kunye nobubanzi zikhuthaza i-turbulence ephezulu kunye nokusasazwa okungcono kwamaconsi, okwandisa ukudluliselwa kobunzima kunye nokwandisa ukubanjwa kwe-SO₂. Ii-diameter ezinkulu zidla ngokunciphisa ukusebenza ngokunciphisa i-turbulence kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokunxibelelana phakathi kwegesi kunye namaconsi e-slurry. Ngokuchasene ne-intuition, ukongeza ii-baffles zangaphakathi kunempembelelo encinci kumazinga e-desulfurization xa kuthelekiswa nemiphumo ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwe-inlet kunye ne-geometry iyonke.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-phosphate slurry ngokwayo—ingakumbi i-viscosity, uxinano, kunye nokusasazwa kobungakanani be-particle—zichaphazela kakhulu i-reaction dynamics. I-slurry viscosity ephezulu inciphisa intshukumo ye-droplet, ithintela zombini ukuxuba kunye nenkqubo yokufunxa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-viscosity ephantsi iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhamba kwamanzi kodwa inokunyusa ukuhlala kwe-particle kunye nomngcipheko wokukhula kwendawo. Ukutshintsha koxinano kuchaphazela ukuzinza kokumiswa kwe-droplet kunye nokuthambekela kokuzinza; i-slurry eneprofayili zoxinano olufanelekileyo inika ukumelana okungcono kokuhlala, igcina unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo lokufunxa.
Ukusasazwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana kukwachaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kokufunxa. Amasuntswana amancinci anika indawo engaphezulu, onyusa ukudluliselwa kobunzima be-SO₂, ngelixa amasuntswana arhabaxa okanye asasazeke kakubi akhuthaza ukuzinza ngokukhawuleza, ukwakheka kwendawo, kunye nokuvaleka. Ukumiswa rhoqo kwamasuntswana kubalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki ezinjalo. Ukulinganisa nokulawula ezi mpawu—ukusebenzisaiimitha ze-viscosity ze-slurry ezikwi-intanethi, iimitha zoxinano lolwelo kwi-intanethi, kunye nezixhobo ezivela kubavelisi abakhethekileyo be-intanethi bemitha yoxinano—ziindlela eziqhelekileyo kwizityalo zanamhlanje.
Ukumiswa okusebenzayo kunye nokusasazeka kwee-solid particles ngaphakathi kwe-slurry kuthintela imikhwa yokukala kwendawo kunye nokungcola kwe-reactor. Ukugcina i-turbulence eyaneleyo yokugcina ii-particles zimile, ngelixa ubeka iliso kwaye ulungisa i-viscosity, kunceda ukuthintela ukubekwa kwezinto eziqinileyo kwi-reactor internal kunye neepayipi. Iitekhnoloji ezifana nee-Lonnmeter online meters zibalulekile ekulinganiseni i-viscosity kunye noxinano ngexesha langempela, okuvumela ulawulo olusebenzayo lweepropati ze-slurry kunye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwe-desulfurization kunye nokusebenza kwe-dephosphorization.
Ukunciphisa iingozi zokukhula kunye nokuvaleka
Ukuthintela ukukhuhla kunye nokuvaleka kwee-reactor ze-phosphate slurry kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo ze-slurry kunye noyilo lwe-reactor olucwangcisiweyo ngononophelo. Ukusebenza nge-viscosity elawulwayo kunye nokugcina ukusasazwa kobungakanani be-particle ngokuchanekileyo kunciphisa amathuba okuhlala kwe-particle kwaye kwenza ukuba kumiswe ngokulinganayo. Iijometri ze-reactor ezenzelwe i-turbulence ephezulu-ingakumbi kwiindawo zokungena zegesi kunye ne-slurry-zikhuthaza ukusasazeka okuqhubekayo kwee-particles, zithintela iindawo zokuhamba okuphantsi apho ukuhlala kunye nokwakheka kwe-scale kunokwenzeka khona.
Amaqhinga asebenzayo afunyenwe kwizifundo zakutshanje zezemizi-mveliso kunye nophando lokulinganisa lubonisa ukuba ukumisela ii-inlets ze-reactor ukuze kubekho i-turbulence eqinileyo, efanayo kunye nokusebenzisa ubuninzi be-slurry ngaphakathi kweefestile ezicetyiswayo kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokukhula. Ukuphepha amanqanaba aphezulu e-viscosity kunye nokuthintela imithwalo eqinileyo egqithisileyo kusebenza ngokukodwa ekuthinteleni ukuvaleka kwemibhobho kunye nokwenza ngcono ukuthuthwa kwe-slurry. Ukongeza, ukusebenzisa imijikelo ye-slurry ebandayo kunokuphucula ukubanjwa kwee-particles ezincinci, ukunciphisa ukungcola ngokunyusa i-vapor supersaturation kunye nokukhuthaza ukususwa kwee-particles ze-submicrometer.
Ulawulo lokulinganisa luxhaswa ngakumbi ngamaqhinga eekhemikhali: ukudosa ngokuchanekileyo kwezinto ezichasene ne-scalants—ingakumbi iifomyula ezijoliswe kwiinkqubo ze-high-phosphate—kuthintela ukufakwa kwesikali se-calcium phosphate ngaphandle kokufuna ukudosa okunamandla kwe-asidi okanye utshintsho olukhulu lwenkqubo. Ukukhethwa kunye nokulungiswa kwezi arhente kuxhomekeke ekubekweni esweni kwi-intanethi kwamanzi kunye ne-slurry chemistry, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluqhubekayo nxamnye nesikali kwiimeko zokusebenza ngexesha langempela.
Ukuphucula olu lawulo lwendalo nolweekhemikhali kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kothutho lwemibhobho, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhamba kodaka kwimibhobho, kwaye kuxhasa ukusebenza rhoqo kwe-reactor ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kokusebenza okubangelwa kukuxinana kunye nokulungiswa. Ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-slurry viscosity, uxinano, kunye nobukhulu bee-particle ezixhonyiweyo—ezixhaswa ziimitha ezikwi-intanethi ezikumgangatho ophezulu—zisisiseko ekufezekiseni ezi ziphumo kunye nokugcina iinkqubo ze-desulfurization kunye ne-dephosphorization ezinemveliso ephezulu kwiinkqubo zokuphatha i-phosphate slurry.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle koThutho lweMibhobho kwiPhosphate Slurry
Ukuguquguquka kokuhamba kweendlela kuThutho lweMibhobho
Ukusebenza kakuhle kothutho lwe-phosphate slurry kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezine eziphambili: isantya, ukuxinana, uxinano, kunye neempawu zee-slipper ezixhonyiweyo. Isantya se-slurry simisela ngokuthe ngqo umngcipheko wokufumba—isantya esiphezulu sigcina izinto eziqinileyo zixhonyiwe kwaye sinciphisa iingozi zokuvaleka, kodwa sikwanyusa neemfuno zamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Kukho umda wesantya obalulekileyo ngaphantsi apho ii-slipper ziqala ukuhlala khona, nto leyo esongela ukuhamba kakuhle kunye nempilo yemibhobho.
Ukuqina, okunxulunyaniswa kakhulu noxinzelelo lwe-slurry kunye nobushushu, kuyayichaphazela into yokuba ulwelo luziphatha njengeplagi okanye lulandela ukuhamba okuguquguqukayo. Ii-slurry ze-phosphate zihlala zibonisa iimpawu zeplastiki ezingezizo ze-Newtonian, ze-pseudoplastic, okanye ze-Bingham, kunye ne-viscosity enyukayo njengoko umxholo oqinileyo unyuka. Ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-slurry viscosity kusetyenziswa ii-viscosity metres ze-intanethi okanye iinkqubo ezinikezelweyo, njengee-viscosity metres ze-intanethi ezilungileyo ze-slurry, kubalulekile ekugcineni uthutho oluzinzileyo kunye nokulindela uhlengahlengiso lokusebenza.
Uxinano lwe-slurry, umsebenzi woxinano lwezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, luguqula ukuhla koxinzelelo ecaleni kombhobho, nto leyo echaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuzinza kwezothutho. Ukuguquguquka koxinano, ukuba akujongwanga, kunokubangela utshintsho kwindlela yokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokufakwa. Iimitha zoxinano lwe-liquid kwi-intanethi, kuquka nezo zenziwe ngabavelisi abaphambili beemitha zoxinano kwi-intanethi, zibonelela ngeenkcukacha zoxinano lwexesha langempela, zinceda ukugcina ibhalansi yenkqubo.
Ubungakanani beentwana ezixhonyiweyo kunye nokusasazwa kwazo nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Iintwana ezinkulu okanye ukusasazwa kobungakanani beentwana ezibanzi kuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuzinza, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinesantya esiphantsi okanye utshintsho lobubanzi bepayipi. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ubungakanani beentwana ezixhonyiweyo ziqinisekisa ukuba ukusasazwa kobungakanani beentwana kuhlala kumanqanaba okusebenza akhuselekileyo, zixhasa ulawulo olusebenzayo lweentwana ezixhonyiweyo kwi-slurry kwaye zinciphisa umngcipheko wokubekwa.
Iiparamitha zoyilo lwepayipi—ububanzi, uburhabaxa bangaphakathi, kunye nendlela iyonke—zichaphazela uzinzo lokuhamba kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kothutho. Ukwandisa ububanzi bepayipi kunciphisa isantya ngesantya sokuhamba esinikiweyo, kwandisa umngcipheko wokuzinza ngaphandle kokuba kuhlawulelwa isantya esiphezulu sokumpompa. Uburhabaxa bangaphakathi obuphezulu okanye ukugoba okubukhali kukhuthaza ukungazinzi, okunokunceda ukumiswa kwakhona kwangaphakathi kodwa kunokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-eddy kunye nokuhlala kwindawo ethile, okunyusa imfuno yamandla kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa.
Ukuthintela Ukuhlaliswa kodaka kunye nokuvaleka kwemibhobho
Ukuhla kodaka kunye nokuvaleka kwemibhobho kwenzeka ikakhulu xa isantya solwelo sihla ngaphantsi komda wokuxhonywa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezibalulekileyo. Oku kuphumela ekuhlalisweni kwezinto eziqinileyo ezantsi kombhobho, kwenze iibhedi ezimileyo okanye iislugs ezithintela okanye ezithintela ukuhamba kwamanzi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamasuntswana—apho izinto eziqinileyo ezincinci zihlangana khona ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwe-electrostatic okanye kweekhemikhali—kunokukhawulezisa ukuhlaliswa, ingakumbi xa kukho izongezo zeekhemikhali okanye umxholo ophezulu we-dolomite.
Iindlela zokuhlanganisana kunye nokugcina izinto azichatshazelwa nje kuphela yisantya, kodwa nakubungakanani bezinto ezincinci, imilo, kunye noxinano. Izinto ezincinci ezinodongwe okanye ezincinci zisengozini enkulu yokuqokelelana "okufana nejeli", ngelixa izinto ezincinci ezinamanani ahlukeneyo okanye amakhulu zinokuhlala ngokungalinganiyo, zenze ii-strata ecaleni kombhobho. Ukwehla kobushushu bendawo kunokunyusa ukuxinana kwento encinci, okukhuthaza ukuxhuzulwa, ingakumbi kwiindawo zokugoba kwepayipi okanye kwiivalvu.
Uhlalutyo lwakutshanje lovakalelo olusebenzisa i-generalized polynomial chaos lubonisa ukuba isantya kunye nobukhulu be-particle zezona zinto ziphambili ekumiselweni nasekusebenzeni kothutho. Ezi zinto kufuneka zihlale zijongiwe kwaye zilawulwe ngokuguquguqukayo ukuze kusebenze umbhobho ngamandla. Izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi—ezifana nee-viscosity metres ezikwi-intanethi kunye nezihlalutyi zobukhulu be-particle ezikwi-inline—zibonelela ngedatha enokusebenziseka yokulungisa ukusebenza, njengokunyusa isantya sepompo okanye ii-agents ze-dosing dispersant xa kufunyaniswa iindlela ezimbi.
Kuye kwaphuhliswa izinto ezintsha eziquka ukugqunywa kwemibhobho okuphucukileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukunamathelana nokunciphisa imida apho amasuntswana anokuhlala khona, nto leyo eqinisa amaqhinga okuthintela ukuvaleka kwemibhobho. Uyilo lwemibhobho kunye neeshedyuli zokusebenza kufuneka ziqwalasele amaxesha okuhla kokuhamba kwamanzi, njengoko nokuba amaxesha amafutshane angaphantsi kwemida yesantya esibalulekileyo anokuqalisa ukwakheka kwebhedi ngokukhawuleza.
Iindlela zokubala nezohlalutyo zokuphucula ukuhamba kwamanzi
Ukuphucula ukuhamba kwe-phosphate slurry kufuna ukuqonda okuchanekileyo kunye nolawulo lweeparamitha ezininzi, ezixhomekeke kwezinye phantsi kweemeko zehlabathi lokwenyani ezingaqinisekanga. Uhlalutyo lwe-Global sensitivity (GSA) olusebenzisa i-polynomial chaos expansions (PCE) luvele njengendlela ekhokelayo yokulinganisa indlela ukungaqiniseki kwiinguqu ezifakwayo—ezifana ne-ore mineralogy, ubungakanani be-particle, okanye iipropati ze-seasonal slurry—ezichaphazela ngayo iimetrikhi zothutho eziphambili ezifana nokuhla koxinzelelo, isantya, kunye nomngcipheko wokuzinza.
I-GSA ityhila ukuba, kuluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-phosphate slurry kunye noqwalaselo lwenkqubo, isantya kunye nokuguquguquka kobukhulu bezinto ezincinci zinempembelelo enkulu; ngoko ke, ukugxila ekusebenzeni kufuneka kubeke phambili uvavanyo kunye nolawulo lwazo. Ubuninzi kunye ne-viscosity zihlala zibalulekile ekubaleni imida, zinceda abaqhubi ukuba bamisele iifestile zokusebenza ukuze kubekho ukuhamba okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo.
Ukumodela ngokwekhompyutha, ingakumbi ngokubola okufanelekileyo kwe-orthogonal kunye nokumodela okusekwe kwi-PCE, kwenza kube lula ukulinganisa imeko kunye nokwenza ngcono. Ezi modeli ze-deduction-order ziphinda iimpawu eziphambili ze-high-resolution CFD simulations kunye nokutshintsha okufutshane, okuxhasa ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ngokukhawuleza zokuguqulwa kwenkqubo kunye noyilo lwepayipi.
Ezi ndlela zohlalutyo ziqinisekiswa ngokuchasene nedatha yehlabathi lokwenyani: ukulinganiswa okusekwe kwindawo yesantya sokuhamba, ukulahleka kwentloko, kunye neziganeko zokubekwa kwezinto zihlanganiswe kwimijikelo yokulinganisa imodeli kunye nokuphucula okuqhubekayo. Ngokudibanisa izinzwa eziphambili (ezifana ne-Lonnmeter online viscosity kunye ne-density analyzers) kunye nemodeli enamandla, abaqhubi banokusebenzisa amaqhinga okuphucula ukuhamba kwe-slurry aphendula ngokuhambelana notshintsho kudidi lwe-ore, ukusasazwa kobungakanani bezinto ezincinci, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo.
Iindlela zokulinganisa eziPhambili kunye nokubeka esweni
Ukubaluleka kokuJongwa kwePropati yeSlurry ngexesha langempela
Ichanekile,umlinganiselo oqhubekayo woxinanokwayeukuxinanalubalulekile ekuthuthweni kwe-phosphate slurry esebenzayo kunye ne-desulfurization kunye ne-dephosphorization. Ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kwenza ukuba kulungiswe ngokukhawuleza iiparameter zenkqubo ukuphendula kwiimpawu ze-slurry ezitshintshayo. Olu lawulo lwenkqubo olusebenzayo lunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokungasebenzi elingalindelekanga elibangelwa kukuhlala kunye nokuvaleka kwemibhobho—iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kwimibhobho ye-phosphate slurry.
Idatha eqhubekayo malunga noxinano lwe-slurry kunye ne-viscosity inceda abaqhubi ukuba baqaphele ngokukhawuleza ukuphambuka okubonisa umngcipheko ophezulu wokuhlalisa okanye ukuvaleka kwamasuntswana. Umzekelo, ukuba kufunyenwe ukunyuka kwe-viscosity okanye i-density, amazinga okuhamba anokulungiswa, okanye i-chemical dosage yenziwe ngcono ukubuyisela ukuthuthwa kwepayipi ngokufanelekileyo. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kukwaxhasa iindlela zokuthintela ukuhlaliswa kwe-slurry, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bangenelele ngaphambi kokuba izinto eziqinileyo ziqale ukuqokelelana kwaye zenze iidiphozithi.
Ukugcina i-slurry viscosity efanelekileyo kunye nokumiswa kwamasuntswana kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuhamba kwamanzi. Utyalo-mali kubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa kwi-intanethi luthetha ngokuthe ngqo ukuphucula ukuhamba kwemibhobho, ukusebenza kakuhle kothutho, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa.
Iimitha zoxinano lolwelo kwi-intanethi kunye neemitha zoxinano
Imigaqo yokusebenza yeeMeter zoxinano lolwelo kwi-Intanethi
Iimitha zoxinano lolwelo kwi-intanethi, njenge ityhubhu engcangcazelayo yeemitha zeCoriolis, ziindlela ezisemgangathweni zoshishino zokulinganisa uxinano oluqhubekayo kwiipayipi ze-slurry. Ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokudlulisa i-slurry kwityhubhu engcangcazelayo; utshintsho kwisigaba sokungcangcazela okanye i-frequency, olubangelwa kukuhamba kobunzima be-slurry, luyafunyanwa kwaye lucutshungulwe ukuze luvelise ukufundwa koxinano ngexesha langempela. Iimitha zanamhlanje zisebenzisa i-electromagnetic actuation okanye i-piezo excitation ukugcina i-tube oscillations.
Iindawo eziphambili zokufakela ziquka iindawo ezingaphakathi kwimigca emikhulu yokuthutha udaka kunye neevalvu ezibalulekileyo okanye iigophe—iindawo ezisengozini enkulu yokuhlaliswa okanye ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba komoya. Ukuze kusebenze kakuhle, ii-sensors kufuneka zifakwe ngokupheleleyo kukuhamba komoya kwaye zijolise ekuthatheni iisampulu kwiindawo ezixubene kakuhle zodaka, ukunciphisa iimpazamo ezivela kukusasazwa kwee-particle ezahlukeneyo.
Iiparamitha ezibalulekileyo zokukhetha imitha ziquka:
- Uvavanyo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo,
- Ukumelana nokurhawuzelelwa kweendawo ezimanzi,
- Ubuchule bokusingatha ubuninzi bezinto eziqinileyo,
- Ukungakhuseleki kakhulu kokungcoliswa okanye ukugqunywa ngamasuntswana axhonyiweyo.
Iimpawu kunye neMigqaliselo yoKhetho lweeMitha zoBuchule ezikwi-Intanethi eziqinileyo
Ukuqina kubalulekile kwinkonzo yodaka lwe-phosphate. Khetha iimodeli, ezifana neLonnmeter, zineetyhubhu zesensor ezimelana nokurhawuzelelwa, ulwakhiwo oluqinisiweyo, kunye nokucubungula isignali okuphucukileyo ukuze kulungiswe ukusasazwa kobukhulu bezinto eziguquguqukayo. Khangela uyilo lweendawo ezingashukumiyo ukunciphisa ukuguguleka, kunye neentloko zesensor ezakhiwe ngezinto ezifana nentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye iseramikhi.
Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ziquka:
- Amaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza (kuthandwa yi-sub-second),
- Ukufikelela okulula kokulinganisa,
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwedijithali neenkqubo ze-SCADA okanye ze-PLC zezityalo,
- Ukurekhoda idatha ngexesha langempela.
Iimitha ezikhethwayo zinokufakelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, zinika ukwehla okuncinci koxinzelelo, kwaye zibonisa ukumelana nokulinganisa. Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokulinganisa ezingezizo ezenyukliya ezifana neemitha ze-ultrasonic okanye ze-electromagnetic density kuyathandwa ngakumbi ngenxa yokhuseleko lokusebenza nolawulo.
Iimfuneko zoMlinganiselo zoVavanyo lwe-Slurry Viscosity oluhamba ngenqwelomoya
Umlinganiselo we-slurry viscosityngexesha langempela kunzima ngenxa yokungabi yiNewtonian, uhlobo olungafaniyo lwe-phosphate slurries. Iimitha ze-viscosity ezikwi-intanethi kufuneka zimelane neemeko ezirhabaxa kwaye zithintele ukwakheka okanye ukuvaleka. Ii-viscometers ezijikelezayo okanye ezishukumayo, ezifakwe ngqo kumbhobho, zibonelela ngempendulo ephilayo malunga notshintsho lwe-viscosity njengoko iimeko zokusebenza zitshintsha.
Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela ezingasebenziyo kwi-intanethi—apho iisampulu zikhutshwa ngesandla kwaye zilinganiswe kwi-rheometers zelebhu—iimitha ze-viscosity ezikwi-intanethi zibonelela ngokubekwa esweni okungaphazanyiswayo kwaye zixhasa ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo ngokuqhubekayo. Olu buchule lubalulekile ekulungiseni amazinga okuhamba kwamanzi, izongezo zeekhemikhali, kunye nokushukuma koomatshini ukugcina ukuthuthwa kodaka okulawulwayo kunye nokunciphisa ukuvaleka.
Iindlela ezilungileyo zokulinganisa i-slurry viscosity zifuna:
- Izixhobo zesensor ezinganyangekiyo kakhulu,
- Ulwakhiwo oluthintela iindawo ezifileyo okanye amagumbi okuhlala,
- Iiprotokholi zokulinganisa ezichaza utshintsho kumxholo wezinto eziqinileyo kunye neendlela zokuhamba kwamanzi.
Ukukhetha imitha yoxinano kunye ne-viscosity efanelekileyo kwi-intanethi—kunye nomenzi ofanelekileyo—kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla okulawula iimpawu ze-phosphate slurry, ukunciphisa ukuvaleka kwemibhobho, ukuxhasa ukulungiswa kothutho lwe-slurry, kunye nokubonelela ngomgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yemibhobho.
Ukwembiwa kwePhosphate
*
Amaqhinga okuphucula iinkqubo zolawulo lwe-slurry
Ukudibanisa idatha yokulinganisa kulawulo lwenkqubo
Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha yokulinganisa ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zolawulo lwe-slurry.Iimitha zoxinano kwi-intanethikwayeiimitha ze-viscosity ezikwi-intanethi—ezifana nezo zinikezelwa yiLonnmeter—zibonelela ngokufundwa okungaphazanyiswayo, okuphindaphindwayo kobuninzi be-slurry, i-viscosity, kunye ne-particle dynamics ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkqubo zepayipi. Ngokufaka ezi sensors kwimigca yenkqubo, izixhobo zigcina ukwakheka kwe-slurry okufanelekileyo kwaye ziphendula kwiinguqu ngoko nangoko.
Ii-loop zempendulo ezizenzekelayo zidibanisa ezi mitha ze-intanethi kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo. Xa kufunyenwe ukuphambuka—umzekelo, ukwanda kwe-slurry viscosity okanye ukuhla koxinano okubonisa ukuxutywa okugqithisileyo—i-loop yempendulo ivuselela ngokuzenzekelayo izenzo zokulungisa. Oku kunokubandakanya ukulungisa amanzi okanye ukutya okuqinileyo, ukwandisa ukushukuma, okanye ukutshintsha idosi yeekhemikhali. Le ndlela inciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwisampuli ngesandla kunye novavanyo lwelebhu oluqhubekayo, oluhlala lungaphumeleli ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo ngokukhawuleza.
Iimitha ezikwi-intanethi zithintela ukuvaleka kwemibhobho kunye nomngcipheko wokufakwa kwayo ngokuvumela uhlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo. Umzekelo, ukugcina isantya esincinci sokutyibilika kubalulekile; ii-sensors zinokubonisa iimpompo zokunyusa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuba isantya siwela ngaphantsi kwemida ebeka emngciphekweni wokuzinza. Iimodeli zokubala eziqinisekisiweyo kwi-phosphate slurry transport enkulu zibonisa ukuba impendulo yexesha langempela esekelwe kwiiparameter ezilinganisiweyo, ezifana nobukhulu beesuntswana kunye nesantya sokutyibilika, yenza ngcono ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwaye ithintele ukuvaleka. Olu lawulo oluqhutywa yidatha lunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto, luthintele ukuvalwa kwemibhobho, kwaye lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphezulu ezifana nezibonelelo zokucubungula i-phosphate kunye nemibhobho yokuthutha izimbiwa.
Iindlela ezilungileyo zokulungisa nokuphatha udaka
Ulawulo loxinano lwe-slurry, ukusasazwa kwee-particles, kunye nokuzinza kokumiswa kuqala kwinqanaba lokulungiselela. Ukugcina ukulingana kunye nokuthintela ukuqina kwangaphambi kwexesha, iindlela ezilungileyo zoshishino ziquka:
- Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto eziqinileyo kusetyenziswa ii-feeders ze-volumetric okanye ze-gravimetric ezidityaniswe nokuxuba kokuqala okune-high-shear.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisasaza iikhemikhali okanye izinto ezichasene nokuhlaliswa. Izinto eziqinisa iipolymer ezifakwe kwi-nano-grafted, ezifana nee-acrylamide-SiO₂ copolymers, zibonelela ngokumiswa kwee-particle okuphuculweyo kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nexesha elide lokusebenza.
Ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo kubalulekile—iitanki ezithe nkqo ezinee-axial flow impellers, ezixhaswa zii-internal baffles, ziqinisekisa ukuxubana kakuhle kwaye zinciphisa iindawo ezifileyo apho amasuntswana anokuhlala khona. Isantya sokuphazamiseka kunye nobukhulu be-impeller zikhethwa ukuze zihambelane ne-slurry viscosity kunye nokusasazwa kobukhulu besuntswana; ukuphazamiseka okugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukuba kushushu kakhulu, ngoko ke iinkqubo zihlala zisebenzisa ukuxubana okuthambileyo ngexesha lokubamba.
Iinkqubo zokulwa nokuhlaliswa kwemizi-mveliso zinokongeza ukushukuma koomatshini ngee-circulation loops okanye iishedyuli zokuphinda kujikelezwe ezinokucwangciswa. Ukuze kubekho uzinzo lwexesha elide, izakhiwo zinokubandakanya ukuzinza kwe-steric okanye i-electrostatic, kusetyenziswa iipolymers okanye ii-surfactants ukwenza imiqobo ejikeleze amasuntswana. Oku kunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kwaye kuphucule iimpawu zokuhamba, kuphakamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kothutho lwemibhobho kunye nokuhambelana kwemveliso egqityiweyo.
Ukulinganiswa kobukhulu bee-particles ezixhonyiweyo ngezixhobo ezikwi-intanethi kuqinisekisa ulawulo lokusasazwa kobukhulu bee-particles—into ephambili ekulawuleni ukuxinana, ukuguguleka, kunye nomngcipheko wokuhlaliswa. Ukufundwa kwi-intanethi kunika uhlengahlengiso lomxube wokugcina ii-particles ezixhonyiweyo zihamba, ukuthintela ukuxinana kwee-micro-settling kunye nokuvaleka kwemibhobho.
Umzekelo: Ekuthuthweni kwe-phosphate slurry, ukuhlanganiswa kokushukunyiswa okuqhubekayo, izongezo zeekhemikhali ezijoliswe kuzo, kunye nokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kuye kunciphisa kakhulu iziganeko zokuhlala kunye nokulahleka kwamandla emibhobho, ngelixa kuqinisekiswa iimpawu ze-slurry ezifunekayo ukusuka kwisityalo ukuya kwisiphelo sokuthumela ngaphandle.
Ingqwalasela kwezi zicwangciso—ukudibanisa ukulinganisa ngexesha langempela, impendulo ezenzekelayo, ukushukunyiswa ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuzinzisa—kuphucula ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhamba kodaka, kunciphisa imingeni yokuthutha udaka kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nokukhusela ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo.
Isiphelo
Ukuphathwa kakuhle kwe-phosphate slurry kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yeenkqubo ze-desulfurization kunye ne-dephosphorization kunye nokuthuthwa kwepayipi ngokufanelekileyo. Ubudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo phakathi kweempawu zomzimba ze-slurry—ezifana ne-viscosity, ukusasazwa kobungakanani be-particle, kunye nokuziphatha kwe-rheological—kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kuthetha ukuba nokuba ukuphambuka okuncinci kunokuchaphazela kakhulu amazinga okususwa kokungcola kunye nokuhamba kwezinto. Umzekelo, i-slurry viscosity ephezulu ngenxa yobukhulu be-particles ezincinci okanye ukwanda koxinzelelo lwezinto eziqinileyo kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-SO₂ okanye i-phosphorus extraction ngokuthintela ukusebenzisana kwe-reagent kunye nokudluliselwa kobunzima, ngelixa kukwaphakamisa amathuba okuvaleka kwepayipi kunye nemiba yokuzinzisa.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
Iyintoni indima yobukhulu besuntswana ekuthuthweni kwe-phosphate slurry?
Ubungakanani bamasuntswana lulawulo oluphambili kwiimpawu ze-phosphate slurry ngexesha lokuthuthwa kwemibhobho. Amasuntswana amancinci anceda ekudaleni ukumiswa okuzinzileyo ngakumbi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaliswa kunye nokuxhasa ukuhamba okuqhubekayo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko amasuntswana esiba mancinci, i-slurry viscosity iyanda; oku kunokubangela iimfuno eziphezulu zamandla okupompa kunye nomngcipheko okhulayo wokuvaleka.
Amasuntswana amakhulu adla ngokukhokelela ekuzinzeni ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokungqubana, okunyusa amathuba okuvaleka kwemibhobho kunye nokuguga okugqithisileyo. Ukusasazwa kobungakanani besuntswana olulungiselelweyo (i-PSD)—okudla ngokufezekiswa ngokudibanisa amasuntswana amancinci naqolileyo—kwenza ulungelelwano ngokunciphisa ukuxinana kunye noxinzelelo lwemveliso. Oku kunciphisa iimfuno zamandla emibhobho kunye nomngcipheko wokuvaleka, ngelixa kunceda ukugcina izinto eziqinileyo zixinyiwe ixesha elide, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokuhamba koludaka kwimibhobho kunye nokwenza ngcono ukuthuthwa koludaka ngokubanzi.
Ukulinganisa ngononophelo kunye nokulawula ubungakanani beesuntswana ezixhonyiweyo, rhoqo ngetekhnoloji ye-intanethi okanye ye-intanethi, kuxhasa ukusebenza okuqhubekekayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuthuthwa kwemibhobho okuthembekileyo. Izifundo zokulinganisa kunye novavanyo lwelebhu zombini ziqinisekisa: ukugcina i-PSD ngaphakathi koluhlu olujoliswe kulo kuthintela iingxaki zokusebenza kwaye kugcina iindleko zilawuleka.
Iimitha zoxinano lolwelo ezikwi-intanethi zinegalelo njani ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemibhobho?
Iimitha zoxinano lolwelo ezikwi-intanethi, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, zibonelela ngemilinganiselo yoxinano oluqhubekayo ngqo kwindlela yokuhambisa amanzi. Ezi zifundo zexesha langempela zivumela abaqhubi ukuba balungise ngokukhawuleza amazinga okuhamba kwamanzi, umxholo wezinto eziqinileyo, okanye idosi yamanzi ukuze kugcinwe iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuthutha uthuli.
Uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo—olukhokelwa yidatha echanekileyo yoxinano—lunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaliswa kwemibhobho, lunceda ekufikeleleni kugxininiso olujoliswe kulo, kwaye luthintele ukuguguleka okanye ukuvaleka okungeyomfuneko. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kusetyenziswa imitha yoxinano lolwelo ethembekileyo kwi-intanethi kuvumela ukulungiswa kakuhle kwenkqubo, nto leyo enciphisa ukugcinwa okungacwangciswanga kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhamba koludaka kwimibhobho. Izinzwa ezingangenisi manzi, ngakumbi ezo zisebenzisa imigaqo esekelwe kwi-ultrasonic okanye kwi-accelerometer, zibonelela ngokusebenza okuqinileyo ixesha elide nokuba kusetyenziswe uludaka lwe-phosphate olunzima, olurhabaxa.
Zeziphi izinto ezinokukhokelela ekuvalekeni kwemibhobho ngexesha lokuthuthwa kwe-phosphate slurry?
Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinegalelo ekuvalekeni kwemibhobho:
- I-slurry viscosity ephezulu kakhulu, nto leyo ethintela ukuhamba kwamanzi.
- Ukusasazwa kobungakanani beesuntswana ngendlela engafanelekanga, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuzinzeni ngokukhawuleza kweesuntswana.
- Isantya esinganelanga, nto leyo evumela izinto eziqinileyo ukuba ziqokeleleke kwaye ziqine.
- Ukuxuba okanye ukuxutywa okunganelanga, okuvumela ukuba amasuntswana axineneyo aphume ekumisweni.
Ukuze kuncitshiswe okanye kuthintelwe ukuvaleka, ukujonga ngexesha langempela kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo lwesantya sokutyibilika, i-viscosity, kunye nokusasazwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana kubalulekile. Izixhobo kunye neendlela eziphambili—ezifana nokusebenzisa imitha yoxinano lolwelo kwi-intanethi ukuze kuqondwe ngexesha langempela kunye nokulungiswa kwenkqubo ezenzekelayo—zinokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye nokugcinwa okunxulunyaniswa nokuvaleka.
Ukulinganiswa kwe-slurry viscosity kunceda njani ukuthintela ukuhlaliswa?
Ukulinganiswa kwe-slurry viscosity okuzinzileyo kunika ingxelo ngokukhawuleza kwindlela ehamba ngayo i-slurry flow. I-viscosity ephezulu inokubonisa ukuba izinto eziqinileyo ezigqithisileyo okanye ukuxubana okungenamsebenzi, zombini ezo zinto zinyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaliswa. I-viscosity ephantsi inokubonisa ukuxutywa okugqithisileyo, okunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Iimitha ze-viscosity ezikwi-intanethi ze-slurry zibonelela ngokufundwa okuqhubekayo, okuqhubekekayo, ukuze abaqhubi bakwazi ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza—ukulungisa umthwalo wezinto eziqinileyo, amazinga okuxuba, okanye ukongezwa kwamanzi. Ukugcina i-viscosity efanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba i-slurry ihlala ikwazi ukumpompa kwaye kunciphisa ukwahlukana kolwelo oluqinileyo. Oku kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuhlala kunye nokufezekisa iipateni zokulawula ubungakanani bee-particles ezixhonyiweyo ezihambelana neethagethi zokusebenza.
Yintoni ekufuneka umntu ayijonge kubavelisi bemitha yoxinano kwi-intanethi kwizicelo ze-phosphate slurry?
Kwi-phosphate slurry, ukuthembeka kwemitha kunye nokuqina kwayo kubalulekile. Xa kuvavanywa abavelisi bemitha yoxinano kwi-intanethi, kufuneka kuqatshelwe oku kulandelayo:
- Izinzwa ezimelana nokurhawuzelelwa: I-phosphate slurry inamandla; iimitha kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nokuvezwa rhoqo.
- Ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo: Izixhobo kufuneka ziphathe iindawo eziqinileyo, ezihamba kakhulu, kwaye zihlala zingcolisa.
- Iteknoloji yokulinganisa: Iindlela ezingangenisi ntsholongwane, ezingezizo ezenyukliya (ezisebenzisa i-ultrasonic, ezisebenzisa i-accelerometer) zikhethwa ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko kunye nokugcinwa kwazo.
- Inkxaso eqinisekisiweyo: Ukulinganiswa okuthembekileyo kunye noncedo lobuchwephesha olukhawulezileyo kubalulekile, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho ixesha lokungasebenzi libiza kakhulu.
- Irekhodi: Khetha abathengisi ababonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle kwi-abrasive slurry, njengeLonnmeter, egxile kwiindawo zoshishino ezibandakanya izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo kwaye inika inkxaso enkulu kwizicelo ze-slurry.
Kutheni i-desulfurization kunye ne-dephosphorization zibalulekile ekucutshungulweni kwe-phosphate slurry?
Ukususa i-sulfurization kunye ne-dephosphorization ziinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ngexesha lokucubungula i-phosphate slurry. Zisusa iikhompawundi ze-sulfur kunye ne-phosphorus ezingaphezulu ezinokuthi zibeke emngciphekweni umgangatho wokugqibela wemveliso okanye zidale uxanduva lokusingqongileyo.
Ukususwa kwesalfure kunye ne-phosphate ngokufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso evelayo ihlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wezichumisi okanye ezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso kwaye ihambelana nemigaqo yokuthobela indalo. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa ukugqwala, ukungcola, kunye nempembelelo kwindalo evela kwimilambo yamanzi amdaka. Ukulawulwa kokungcola kubalulekile kokubini kuzinzo lokusebenza kunye nokuvunywa komthetho kwimigodi ye-phosphate kunye nemveliso yeekhemikhali.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-28-2025
