Inkqubo yeMannheim yeMveliso yePotassium Sulfate (K2SO4)

Inkqubo yeMannheim yePotassium Sulfate (K₂SO₄) Imveliso

Iindlela eziphambili zokuvelisa iPotassium Sulfate

Inkqubo yaseMannheim is inkqubo yemizi-mveliso yokuvelisa i-K2SO4,impendulo yokubola phakathi kwe-98% ye-sulfuric acid kunye ne-potassium chloride kubushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-hydrochloric acid njengemveliso ephumayo. Amanyathelo athile aquka ukuxuba i-potassium chloride kunye ne-sulfuric acid kunye nokuziphendula kubushushu obuphezulu ukuze kwenziwe i-potassium sulfate kunye ne-hydrochloric acid.

Ukwenziwa kwekristalesukwahlukanaivelisa i-potassium sulfate ngokurosa i-alkali efana ne-tung seed shell kunye nothuthu lwezityalo, ize ilandelwe yiukukhuhla, ukucoca, ukugxininisa, ukwahlulahlula i-centrifugal kunye nokomisa ukuze kufunyanwe i-potassium sulfate.

Impendulo yeI-Potassium ChloridekwayeI-asidi ye-sulfuric kubushushu obuthile kwisilinganiso esithile yenye indlela yokufumana i-potassium sulfate.Amanyathelo athile aquka ukunyibilikisa i-potassium chloride emanzini afudumeleyo, ukongeza i-sulfuric acid kwimpendulo, uze emva koko udibanise i-crystallizing kwi-100–140°C, kulandele ukwahlukana, ukunganyamezeli, kunye nokomisa ukuze kuveliswe i-potassium sulfate.

Iingenelo zeMannheim Potassium Sulfate

Inkqubo yaseMennheim yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuvelisa i-potassium sulfate kwamanye amazwe. Le ndlela ithembekileyo neyinkimbinkimbi ivelisa i-potassium sulfate exineneyo enokunyibilika kwamanzi okuphezulu. Isisombululo se-asidi ebuthathaka sifanelekile kumhlaba we-alkaline.

Imigaqo yeMveliso

Inkqubo yokusabela:

1. I-sulfuric acid kunye ne-potassium chloride zilinganiswa ngokulinganayo kwaye zondliwa ngokulinganayo kwigumbi lokusabela le-Mannheim furnace, apho zisabela khona ukuvelisa i-potassium sulfate kunye ne-hydrogen chloride.

2. Impendulo yenzeka ngamanyathelo amabini:

i. Inyathelo lokuqala li-exothermic kwaye lenzeka kubushushu obuphantsi.

ii. Inyathelo lesibini libandakanya ukuguqulwa kwe-potassium bisulfate ibe yi-potassium sulfate, ehlala i-endothermic kakhulu.

Ulawulo lobushushu:

1. Isiphumo kufuneka senzeke kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-268°C, kwaye uluhlu olufanelekileyo luyi-500-600°C ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kokubola kakhulu kwe-sulfuric acid.

2. Kwimveliso yokwenyani, ubushushu bokusabela buhlala bulawulwa phakathi kwama-510-530°C ukuze kubekho uzinzo nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu:

1. Isiphumo sisebenza kakhulu kwi-endothermic, sidinga ubushushu obuhlala bufumaneka ngokutshiswa kwegesi yendalo.

2. Malunga ne-44% yobushushu besithando bulahleka ngeendonga, i-40% ithwalwa ziigesi zokukhupha umoya, kwaye yi-16% kuphela esetyenziselwa ukusabela ngokwenene.

Iinkalo ezibalulekileyo zeNkqubo yaseMannheim

Isithando somliloububanzi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kumandla emveliso. Iifeni ezinkulu kwihlabathi liphela zinobubanzi obuziimitha ezi-6.Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo yokuqhuba ethembekileyo sisiqinisekiso sempendulo eqhubekayo nezinzileyo.Izinto ezivuselelayo kufuneka zimelane namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ii-asidi ezinamandla, kwaye zinike ukuhanjiswa kobushushu okuhle. Izinto zokuxuba kufuneka zimelane nobushushu, ukugqwala, kunye nokuguguleka.

Umgangatho weGesi yeHydrogen Chloride:

1. Ukugcina i-vacuum encinci kwigumbi lokusabela kuqinisekisa ukuba umoya kunye neegesi zeflue aziyinciphisi i-hydrogen chloride.

2. Ukutywinwa nokusebenza ngendlela eyiyo kunokufikelela kumanqanaba e-HCl angama-50% nangaphezulu.

Iinkcukacha zezinto eziluhlaza:

1.I-Potassium Chloride:Kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile zomswakama, ubungakanani bamasuntswana, kunye nomxholo we-potassium oxide ukuze isebenze kakuhle impendulo.

2.I-asidi ye-sulfuric:Ifuna uxinaniso lwe-99% yokucoceka kunye nokusabela rhoqo.

Ulawulo lobushushu:

1.Igumbi Lokusabela (510-530°C):Iqinisekisa impendulo epheleleyo.

2.Igumbi lokutsha:Ilungelelanisa igalelo legesi yendalo ukuze kutsha kakuhle.

3.Ubushushu begesi yomsila:Ilawulwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvaleka komoya ophumayo kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba igesi ifunxwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Inkqubo yoMsebenzi

• Impendulo:I-potassium chloride kunye ne-sulfuric acid zihlala zifakwa kwigumbi lokusabela. I-potassium sulfate ephumayo iyakhutshwa, ipholiswe, ihlolwe, kwaye inyibilikiswe nge-calcium oxide ngaphambi kokuba ipakishwe.
• Ukuphathwa kwemveliso engaphandle kwayo:
  • Igesi ye-hydrogen chloride enobushushu obuphezulu iyapholiswa ize icocwe ngothotho lwee-scrubbers kunye nee-absorption towers ukuvelisa i-hydrochloric acid yomgangatho wezimboni (31-37% HCl).
  • Ukukhutshwa kwegesi yomsila kunyangwa ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo.

Imingeni kunye noPhuculo

1. Ukulahleka kobushushu:Ubushushu obukhulu buyalahleka ngeegesi zokukhupha umoya kunye neendonga ze-oven, nto leyo egxininisa imfuneko yokuphucula iinkqubo zokubuyisela ubushushu.
2. Ukonakala kwezixhobo:Le nkqubo isebenza phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko ze-asidi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxaki zokuguguleka nokugcinwa kwazo.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kweMveliso eNgaphantsi kweHydrochloric Acid:Imarike ye-hydrochloric acid ingagcwala, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kufuneke uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa okanye iindlela ezizezinye zokunciphisa imveliso ephumayo.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-Mannheim potassium sulfate ibandakanya iintlobo ezimbini zokukhutshwa kwegesi emdaka: ukukhutshwa komoya ophuma kwigesi yendalo kunye negesi ye-hydrogen chloride ephuma kwimveliso ethile.

Umsi wokukhupha umoya otshayo:

Ubushushu bomphunga ovuthayo buhlala bumalunga ne-450°C. Obu bushushu budluliselwa nge-recuperator ngaphambi kokuba bukhutshwe. Nangona kunjalo, nasemva kokutshintshana kobushushu, ubushushu begesi yokukhupha buhlala bumalunga ne-160°C, kwaye obu bushushu bushiyekileyo bukhutshwa bungene emoyeni.

Igesi yeHydrogen Chloride ephuma kwimveliso ethile:

Igesi ye-hydrogen chloride ihlanjwa kwinqaba yokuhlamba i-sulfuric acid, ifunxwe kwi-falling-film absorber, ize icocwe kwinqaba yokucoca i-exhaust gas ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe. Le nkqubo ivelisa i-31% ye-hydrochloric acid, apho ku phezuluukugxila kunokubangela ukukhutshwa komoyaayifikeleleki kwiimigangatho kwaye ibangela into "yokutsalwa komsila" kwi-exhaust.Ngoko ke, ixesha langempelai-hydrochloric acid umlinganiselo woxinzelelo ibaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso.

Amanyathelo alandelayo angathathwa ukuze kubekho iziphumo ezingcono:

Nciphisa Uxinzelelo lwe-Acid: Nciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-asidi ngexesha lenkqubo yokufunxakunyeimitha yoxinano olusemgceni ukuze kubekwe esweni ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukwandisa Umthamo Wamanzi Ajikelezayo: Ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwamanzi kwi-absorber yefilimu ewelayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa.

Nciphisa Umthwalo kwiNqaba yokuCoca iGesi ephumayo: Lungisa imisebenzi ukuze unciphise umthwalo kwinkqubo yokucoca.

Ngolu hlengahlengiso kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha, isiganeko sokurhuqwa komsila singasuswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhutshwa komoya kuyahlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo.