Izinto zokuthambisa zisetyenziswa kumashishini amakhulu afana neshishini leemoto, amakhemikhali, ulwakhiwo, amalaphu, iziseko zophuhliso, ezolimo, imigodi kunye nokugrumba ioyile ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo ekuchaseni ukuguguleka, ukuthambisa kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Iingxaki zokuhamba kwamanzi ezifana nokuthamba okuphezulu kakhulu okanye okuphantsi kakhulu kunokunciphisa ubomi bezixhobo kwaye konyuse iindleko zokulungisa. Funda iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngeLonnmeter fumana izisombululo ezilungileyo zokulinganisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuthamba kwi-oyile yokuthambisa okanye inkqubo yokuvelisa. Landela indlela yenkqubo yokuzenzekelayo yemizi-mveliso.
Yintoni i-Viscosity Index (VI) ye-Lubricant?
I-Viscosity Index (VI) yindlela ebalulekileyo echaza amandla esithambisi okugcina i-viscosity ehambelanayo kumanqanaba obushushu, uphawu olubalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. I-VI ephezulu ibonisa utshintsho oluncinci lwe-viscosity kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu, okwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa njengeenkqubo ze-hydraulic okanye iinjini ezivezwe kwimozulu egqithisileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-VI ephantsi ifumana utshintsho olukhulu lwe-viscosity, olunokuphazamisa ukusebenza. Umzekelo, ii-oyile zeminerali eziqhelekileyo zihlala zine-VI engama-95-100, ngelixa ii-oyile zeminerali ezicociweyo kakhulu zifikelela kwi-120, kwaye ii-oyile zokwenziwa zinokufikelela kwi-VI engaphezulu kwama-250.
Ulwazi lweMarike kunye nezicelo zeShishini
Zonke iintlobo zezithambiso kufuneka zisebenze ngokuqhubekayo naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezithambiso iphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lokufikelela kwimigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho, eqhutywa kukwanda kwemfuno yeemveliso ezikhethekileyo kunye namaxesha amafutshane okuhambisa.
Iinkqubo zokuxuba amafutha kunye neoyile yokuthambisa zixhomekeke kakhulu kulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinano lweoyile yokuthambisa kunye nokuthamba ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwemveliso. Iioyile zokuthambisa ezinoburhabaxa obuphezulu zibalaseleyo kwizicelo ezinzima, ngelixa iioyile zokuthambisa ezinoburhabaxa obuphantsi zenzelwe iinkqubo ezikhawulezayo nezinomthwalo omncinci.iimitha ze-oyile ye-lube viscositykuvumela abavelisi ukuba bahlangabezane nezi mfuno ezahlukeneyo ngelixa beqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, kunye nokuthobela imigangatho.
I-Viscosity Index ye-Lubricant ichazwa njani?
Ukuchonga i-Viscosity Index kubandakanya inkqubo emiselweyo. Ifomula yokubala i-VI yile:
Apho:
- U yi-viscosity ye-lubricant kwi-40°C.
- I-L yi-viscosity kwi-40°C yeoyile esetyenzisiweyo ene-VI = 0, ihambelana ne-viscosity ye-lubricant kwi-100°C.
- I-H yi-viscosity kwi-40°C yeoyile esetyenzisiweyo ene-VI = 100, ihambelana ne-viscosity ye-lubricant kwi-100°C.
Kwiioyile ezine-viscosity ephezulu (i-kinematic viscosity kwi-100°C > 70 cSt), ifomyula ye-logarithmic eguquliweyo isetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka. Le ndlela ivumela abavelisi ukuba balinganise uzinzo lobushushu be-lubricant, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zezicelo kwinkqubo yokuxuba i-lubricant.
Inkqubo yokudibanisa kunye nokuvelisa ioyile yokuthambisa
Ukuxuba ioyile yokuthambisa yinkqubo ephucukileyo yokukhetha izinto eziluhlaza, ukuxuba, kunye nokulawula umgangatho. Iioyile zesiseko—zeminerali, ezenziweyo, okanye ezenziweyo kancinci—zivela ekucocweni kweoyile ekrwada nge-vacuum distillation, i-solvent extraction, kunye ne-hydrofinishing ukuze kufezekiswe iipropati ezinqwenelekayo ezifana ne-viscosity, i-viscosity index, kunye ne-pour point. Ezi oyile zesiseko zidityaniswe nezongezo, ezifana ne-viscosity index improvers, ii-anti-wear agents, ii-detergents, kunye nee-antioxidants, ukuphucula iimpawu zokusebenza ezifana nokuzinza kobushushu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-lubricant ibandakanya:
- Ukukhetha ioyile esisiseko: Ukukhetha iioyile zeminerali okanye ezenziweyo ngokweemfuno zokusetyenziswa.
- Ukudibanisa izongezo: Ukufaka izongezo ezifana nezilungisi ze-viscosity ukuze zilungelelanise iimpawu.
- Ukuxuba: Ukuxuba kwiimeko ezilawulwayo usebenzisa amatanki amakhulu anee-stirrers ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyafana.
- Ulawulo loMgangatho: Ukuvavanya ukuxinana, uxinano, i-flash point, kunye nezinye iiparameter ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho.
- Ukupakishwa kunye nokuhanjiswa: Ukufaka ebhotileni okanye ebhotileni ukuze kuhanjiswe emarikeni.
Le nkqubo icwangcisiweyo iqinisekisa ukuba ii-lubricants zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiindlela eziqala kwiinjini zeemoto ukuya koomatshini bemizi-mveliso, apho ubuninzi be-oyile ye-lube kunye ne-viscosity zisebenza njengezalathisi ezibalulekileyo zomgangatho.
Ioyile yokuthambisa ene-viscosity ephezulu xa ithelekiswa ne-viscosity ephantsi
Ukukhetha phakathi kweehinge zeoyile yokuthambisa ene-viscosity ephezulu kunye neehinge zeoyile yokuthambisa ene-viscosity ephantsi kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokusebenza kwesicelo. Ii-lubricants ezine-viscosity ephezulu zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi enzima, njengee-oyile zegiya okanye iigrisi ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokwakha okanye kwiibheringi zoshishino lwentsimbi, apho:
- Yenza ifilimu ekhuselayo eqinileyo ukuze unciphise ukungqubana kunye nokuguguleka phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu.
- Ukuphucula amandla okuthwala umthwalo, ukuxhasa oomatshini abanzima.
- Ibamba izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana nokungcola okanye inkunkuma yesinyithi, ithintela umonakalo womphezulu.
- Gcina uzinzo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, uqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-lubricants ezixineneyo kakhulu zinokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nezixhobo zokuxinwa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-lubricants ezixineneyo eziphantsi zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwesantya esiphezulu, umthwalo ophantsi njengeenjini zeemoto okanye iinkqubo ze-hydraulic, ezibonelela:
- Ukuphucula ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuze kujikelezwe kakuhle kwaye kusebenze ngokucothayo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okunciphileyo ngenxa yokungqubana okuphantsi kwangaphakathi.
- Ukusasazwa kobushushu okwandisiweyo kwiinkqubo ezikhawulezayo.
Sekunjalo, iioyile ezithambileyo zisenokungakwazi ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olufanelekileyo xa zithwele imithwalo ephezulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugugeni.
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisebenzi
Ukungachaneki kunye nokuQhoboshelwa kweMisebenzi: Kukhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisebenzi.
Ukwanda kokungqubana nobushushu
Ubukhulu obugqithisileyo buthintela ukuhamba kwamanzi, bukhawulezisa i-oxidation kwaye buyenze i-varnish okanye i-sludge.
Iingozi Ezibangelwa Kukuxinana Okuphezulu Kakhulu okanye Okuphantsi Kakhulu
Ukungacaci kakuhle kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zokusebenza, nto leyo efana neengxaki ezibonakala kwiinkqubo ezifana nenkqubo yokubiliswa kwe-penicillin apho ulawulo oluchanekileyo lubaluleke kakhulu. Ioyile yokuthambisa ene-viscosity ephezulu ibeka iingozi ezifana nezi:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu: Kufuneka amandla angakumbi ukuze koyiswe ukuxhathisa, nto leyo enyusa iindleko.
- Ukusebenza kakubi kweCold-Start: Ukuncipha kokumpompa kubeka emngciphekweni umonakalo wezixhobo xa amaqondo obushushu ephantsi.
Kwelinye icala, ioyile yokuthambisa ene-viscosity ephantsi inokubangela oku kulandelayo:
- Ukwenziwa kweFilimu okunganelanga: Ukhuseleko olungonelanga lomphezulu lubangela ukuguguleka kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo.
- Ukwanda koBuchule bokuNgcoliseka: Iioyile ezincinci azisebenzi kakuhle ekubambeni inkunkuma.
- Ukwanda kokungqubana kunye nobushushu: Kukhuthaza ukuxinana kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphila kwezithambiso.
Ezi ngozi zigxininisa imfuneko yokulawula inkqubo yokuxuba ioyile yokuthambisa ngokuchanekileyo kusetyenziswa ukujonga i-viscosity ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo.
Ixabiso loMlinganiselo weViscosity kuMgca weNkqubo yokuZenzekelayo
Ukudibanisa umlinganiselo we-viscosity wexesha langempela ekuxubeni kwimigca yenkqubo ezenzekelayo kuguqula inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-lubricant, okubonelela:
- Ukudibanisa ngokuchanekileyo: Kuqinisekisa ukulingana, kuthintela iibhetshi ezingaqhelekanga kunye nokudibanisa okubizayo.
- Ukonga iindleko: Kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuveliswa kweoyile ethambileyo, kunye nokungenelela ngesandla.
- Uqinisekiso loMgangatho: Ugcina ukuthobela imigangatho efana ne-ASTM D445, eqinisekisa ukwamkelwa kwemarike.
- Ukuphucula Inkqubo: Kunciphisa amaxesha okuxuba ngelixa kufezekisa iipropati ezifanayo.
- Ukukhula: Ixhasa utshintsho olungenamthungo ukusuka kwimveliso yovavanyo ukuya kwimveliso epheleleyo.
- Ukufunyanwa kweMicimbi eSebenzayo: Kuchonga ungcoliseko okanye iimpazamo zokuxuba ngoko nangoko, kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi.
Ngokulawula i-viscosity ngokuzenzekelayo, abavelisi bafezekisa imveliso ngexesha elifanelekileyo, baphucule ukuguquguquka, kwaye bahlangabezana neemfuno zemarike ekhuphisanayo, ngokufana nokuchaneka okufunekayo ekuvuthweni okuqhubekayo kwe-penicillin.
Imingeni ngokuBeka iliso kwiinkqubo zemveli
Ukubeka iliso kwinkqubo yesiqhelo ekuxubeni izithambisi kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiisampuli ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kunye novavanyo olusekelwe elebhu, njengeSaybolt Universal Viscometer, enika imingeni ebalulekileyo:
- Ukulibaziseka kwexesha: Uvavanyo lweesampuli kunye nohlalutyo lwelebhu luzisa ukulibaziseka, okuthintela uhlengahlengiso lwexesha langempela.
- Ukungachaneki: Ukutshintsha kobushushu kunye nokucheba ngexesha lokuvavanya ukuthembeka kwedatha.
- Ubunzulu boMsebenzi: Ukuthatha iisampulu ngesandla kwandisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye neengozi zeempazamo zabantu.
- Iingozi Zokungcoliswa: Iindlela zokuthatha iisampulu ezingahambelaniyo zinokubangela iimpazamo okanye ukungcoliswa okuxutyiweyo.
- Ukukwazi Ukukhula Okulinganiselweyo: Iindlela ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi ziyasokola ukuhambelana neemfuno zemveliso ezivelisa imveliso eninzi.
Ezi mingcele zenza iindlela zemveli zingafaneleki kwizityalo zanamhlanje zokuxuba ioyile ye-lube, apho isantya, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuzisebenzela ngokuzenzekelayo kubalulekile ekugcineni ukhuphiswano.
Ukubaluleka kokulinganisa ngexesha langempela ekuxubeni
Ukulinganisa i-viscosity ngexesha langempela kuguqula inkqubo yokuxuba i-lubricant ngokubonelela ngedatha echanekileyo nekhawulezileyo eqhuba ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho. Iingenelo eziphambili ziquka:
- Ukususwa kokuxuba kwakhona: Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuxubana okucwangcisiweyo, kunciphisa iindleko zenkunkuma kunye namandla.
- Ukungenelela Okwenziwa Ngesandla Okuncitshisiweyo: Ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kunciphisa ukubandakanyeka kwabaqhubi, kunciphisa iindleko kunye neempazamo.
- Amaxesha Okudibanisa Alungiselelweyo: Uhlengahlengiso lwexesha langempela luthintela ukuxubana okugqithisileyo okanye okungaphelelanga, nto leyo egcina ixesha kunye nezixhobo.
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo: Uhlalutyo lwangaphakathi lunciphisa isidingo sovavanyo lwelabhoratri olungaphandle kwendawo, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko zokuthumela.
- Iingenelo zokusingqongileyo: Isebenzisa kakhulu ioyile, inciphisa inkunkuma kunye nefuthe layo kwindalo.
- Uvavanyo Oluphuculweyo: Ilandelela utshintsho kwimeko yeoyile, ivumela ukubonwa kwangethuba kokungcola okanye ukubola.
Isisombululo seMveliso yeLonnmeter: Imitha yokuLuba iOyile yokuNgqinisisa
Iimitha ze-lube oil viscosity zeLonnmeter zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziqatha zeenkqubo zokwenza i-lubricant oil, zibonelela ngezisombululo ezisemgangathweni zokujonga ngexesha langempela. Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka:
- Uluhlu lwe-Wide Viscosity: Umlinganiselo we-10–10,000,000 cP, ulungele imixube eyinkimbinkimbi.
- Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu: Isebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-350°C, ifanelekile kwiindawo ezichetywa kakhulu.
- Ukubeka esweni ubushushu obudibeneyo: Isebenzisa imitha yokulinganisa ubushushu be-oyile echanekileyo kakhulu ukuze ifumane ukufundwa okuchanekileyo kobushushu obuhlawulelwayo.
- Ukuzilawula okungenamthungo: Kudityaniswa neenkqubo ze-PLC kunye ne-DCS zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo.
- Uyilo Oluqinileyo: Zii-sensors ezincinci, ezingenasondlo ezingenazo izinto ezisetyenziswayo, eziqinisekisa ukuthembeka.
- Ukugcina idatha kunye noKhuseleko: Ukugcina idatha ngokuzenzekelayo ngeekhowudi zexesha, kuthintela utshintsho olungagunyaziswanga kwaye kuvumela uhlalutyo lweendlela.
Iimitha zeLonnmeter, ezifana neRheonics' SRV kunye neSRD, zibonelela ngemilinganiselo ye-inline viscosity kunye ne-density, zisusa ukungachaneki kweendlela zemveli ezifana neSaybolt viscometer. Ubuchule bazo bokuphatha ulwelo olungelulo olweNewtonian buqinisekisa umgangatho ohambelanayo ekuxutyweni kwe-lubricant, zixhasa ukusetyenziswa ukususela ekuqulunqweni ukuya kwimveliso yokugqibela.
Ukulawula i-viscosity kuzisa umgangatho ohambelanayo, kunciphisa iindleko, kuphucula ukulinganiswa, kwaye kuqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho efana ne-ASTM D445. Nxibelelana neLonnmeter namhlanje ukuze uhlole izisombululo zabo zokulinganisa i-viscosity zanamhlanje kwaye utshintshe inkqubo yakho yemveliso!
Ixesha leposi: Agasti-14-2025
