Ukuqonda Iinkqubo Zokwahlulwa Komhlaba Ongaqhelekanga
Inkqubo yokwahlula izinto ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaba ibandakanya ukukhupha nokucoca i-rare earths kwii-matrices zeeminerali ezintsonkothileyo. Kubalulekile ukuvelisa izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-elektroniki, iinkqubo zamandla, kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuzikhusela. Inkqubo yokwahlula i-rare earth idibanisa iindlela zomzimba nezekhemikhali, ezinje ngokwahlula i-magnetic, ukutshintshiselana kwee-ion, kunye nokwahlula ngokutsalwa kwe-solvent. Ezi nkqubo zisebenza ekuhlukaniseni ii-ion ezithile ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaba ngokusekelwe kumahluko amancinci kwindlela eziziphatha ngayo iikhemikhali.
Inkqubo yokwahlulwa komhlaba onqabileyo ijongene nobunzima obukhethekileyo. I-Rare earths zihlala zikhona kunye ne-ionic radii efanayo kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali, nto leyo ebangela imingeni ekufezekiseni ubunyulu obuphezulu kunye nokukhetha. Iindlela ezifana nokukhupha i-solvent—ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwahlukaniseni i-rare earths—zifuna iimeko ezilawulwa ngokuqinileyo, kubandakanya ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo izigaba ze-organic, ulawulo lwe-pH, kunye nolawulo olucokisekileyo lwemilinganiselo yesigaba. Umzekelo, iindlela eziphambili zokukhupha i-rare earth solvent ngoku zisebenzisa ii-resin ze-chelating ezenziwe ngokwezifiso okanye abaqokeleli abanobuhlobo nendalo abaphucula ukukhetha i-ions ezijoliswe kuyo kwaye banciphise ukungcola.
Unyango olusebenzayo lwe-rare earth leachate luxhomekeke ekulawuleni uxinano lwe-leaching agent kuyo yonke inkqubo yokukhupha. Uxinano olufanelekileyo lwe-leaching agent kwi-rare earth luqinisekisa ukunyibilika okuzinzileyo kwee-ion ze-rare earth kwaye lunciphisa ukugxobhozwa kokungcola okungafunekiyo njenge-aluminium okanye isinyithi. Ukuba umthamo we-leaching agent uphantsi kakhulu, isivuno sokukhupha siyehla, kwaye inani elikhulu le-rare earths lihlala kwintsalela—oku kwaziwa njenge-leaching agent engonelanga kwi-rare earth extraction. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-leaching agent egqithisileyo kwi-rare earth processing inokubangela ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent ngokungeyomfuneko, iingozi zokusingqongileyo, kunye nokugxobhozwa kokungcola kunye.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhuhla kwi-rare earth extraction kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uqoqosho lwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kwe-metallurgical. Umzekelo, kwindlela yokukhuhla i-solvent yokwahlula i-rare earth, ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhuhla kunefuthe kulwakhiwo kunye nomgangatho wesisombululo esifakwa kwizigaba zokwahlula. Uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo nolulungiselelweyo lwe-leaching agent, olufezekiswa ngokusebenzisaokuqhubekayoizixhobo zokulinganisa uxinanisoukusukaILonnmeter, ayixhasi nje kuphela amazinga aphezulu okubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kodwa ikwaxhasa neziphumo zenkqubo ezihambelanayo. Ukulungiswa kwedosi ngokuchanekileyo kuyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo kunye neenjongo zemveliso.
Iingxaki zemveliso zihlala zivela kumanyathelo okukhupha nokwahlulahlula angasebenzi kakuhle. Ingxaki eqhubekayo kukungakwazi ukwandisa iindlela eziphambili zokukhupha nokwahlulahlula umhlaba onqabileyo ngaphandle kwemimandla enolwazi oluqhelekileyo, njengeTshayina. Iinkqubo ezingasebenzi kakuhle zinokucothisa imveliso, zinciphise ukhuseleko lokubonelela ngomhlaba onqabileyo, kwaye zibangele ukuthembela kubaboneleli bomthombo omnye. Ezi ngxaki zokubonelela ngombane zenziwa mandundu kukuvalwa kwetekhnoloji kunye nemiqathango yemithetho, okwenza ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye nolawulo lweearhente zokukhupha umhlaba kube yinto ebalulekileyo ukuze kuxhamle ubutyebi.
Lilonke, ukufikelela kulawulo olufanelekileyo kwimilinganiselo yoxinaniso lweearhente zokulea kunye nokwahlulahlula kubalulekile ekulweni nemiqobo yemveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa komhlaba onqabileyo nozinzileyo. Inkqubela phambili ekwenzeni ngcono umthamo weearhente zokulea, unyango lwe-rare earth leachate, kunye neenkqubo zokwahlulahlula ezichanekileyo aziphuculi nje kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kodwa zikwaqinisa ukhuseleko lokubonelela kunye nolawulo lokusingqongileyo.
Ukwahlulwa koMhlaba ongaqhelekanga
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Ukugxila kwi-Leaching Agent: Imigaqo-siseko kunye nemingeni ephambili
Iiarhente zokuvuza zibalulekile kwinkqubo yokwahlula izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Zisebenza ngokunyibilikisa ii-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwii-ores kunye nenkunkuma yemizi-mveliso ngokukhetha, okuvumela ukwahlukana okusezantsi ngokukhupha i-solvent. Iiarhente eziqhelekileyo ziquka ii-acids zeminerali (umz., i-nitric, i-sulfuric, i-hydrochloric acid), ii-acids ze-organic (i-citric acid, i-methanesulfonic acid), kunye ne-alkaline earth metal carboxylates.
Indima yee-Leaching Agents ekunyibilikiseni ii-Rare Earth Ions
Ngexesha lokukhupha nokwahlulahlula umhlaba ongaqhelekanga, iarhente yokukhupha inkunkuma iphazamisa ii-lattices zeminerali okanye ii-matrices ezifakwe kwi-ion, ikhuthaza ukukhululwa kwe-ion yomhlaba onqabileyo kwi-leachate. Umzekelo, i-nitric acid kwi-~12.5 mol/dm³ ifikelela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kokukhupha i-lanthanum (85%) kunye ne-cerium (79.1%) kwi-phosphate ores ngokusebenzisa i-protonation kunye nokuqhekeka kweebhondi ze-phosphate. I-Citric acid, zombini idibene ne-sodium citrate, ixhasa ukubuyiselwa okukhethayo kwi-ores ezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-phosphogypsum okanye i-lignite, inyusa i-REE ivelisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-31.88% nge-liquid-solid ratios eyenzelwe wena kunye namaqondo obushushu angqongileyo. I-chemistry kunye ne-dosage yearhente yokukhupha inkunkuma ilawula i-kinetics ye-mineral dissolving, ukukhetha, kunye nokukhululwa kokungcola.
Iziseko zokunyibilika okuzinzileyo kwee-Rare Earth Ions
Ukunyibilika okuzinzileyo kwee-ions zomhlaba onqabileyo akulawulwa kuphela kukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kodwa, ngokubalulekileyo, kukugxila kwazo. Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela ukunyibilika:
- Ukugxila kweearhente:Imisela i-leaching kinetics kunye nokuphelela kwayo. Iphantsi kakhulu ithintela ukukhululwa kwee-ion; iphezulu kakhulu iqhuba ukungcola kunye ne-leaching.
- I-Ore Mineralogy:Iyalela ukuba i-reactivity—i-crust egugileyo kunye ne-ion-adsorbed ores zifuna ii-reagents ezingathathi cala okanye ezithambileyo, ngelixa iiminerali ze-phosphate kunye ne-monazite zisabela kwi-acids ezinamandla.
- i-pH:Ilungisa i-agent speciation, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-ion exchange, kunye nokukhetha—umz., i-magnesium sulfate leaching efanelekileyo iyenzeka kwi-pH 4.
- Ubushushu kunye nexesha:Ubushushu obuphezulu bunokunyusa amazinga okunyibilika, njengoko kubonakala ekutsaleni i-sulfuric acid ye-phosphates.
- Umlinganiselo woLwalo-oluqinileyo:Kufuneka ilungiselelwe uhlobo lwezixhobo ukuze ikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kokusebenzisa kakhulu izixhobo.
Umzekelo, ukwenza ngcono kusetyenziswa i-citric acid kuchonga i-2 mol/L kwi-343 K imizuzu eli-180, kukhupha i-90% yee-REE kwi-phosphogypsum, kulandela imodeli ye-kinetic elawulwa yi-diffusion.
Iziphumo ze-Agent yokuNciphisa i-Leaching enganeleyo kwi-Rare Earth Leachate
Umthamo ongaphantsi kofanelekileyo we-arhente unciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhuhla i-rare earth extraction. Umthamo ongaphantsi komlinganiselo awuzikhuphi ngokupheleleyo ii-ion ze-rare earth, nto leyo ebangela oku kulandelayo:
- Amanqanaba okubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo aphantsi—i-asidi enganeleyo (umz., i-HCl ephantsi okanye i-citric acid) ivelisa ukunyibilika okungekho semgangathweni, kunye ne-REE ebalulekileyo egcinwa kwintsalela.
- Ukukhululwa kwee-ion okungaphelelanga—ii-agglomerate zihlala zizinzile, zithintela indlela yokukhupha i-solvent yokwahlulahlula umhlaba onqabileyo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezixhobo—izifundo zokuhlola kunye nokukhupha inqwaba zidibanisa uxinano oluphantsi lweearhente kunye nemveliso engaphelelanga, ukuhamba kancinci kwe-kinetics, kunye nokugcinwa kwe-ore engasetyenziswanga.
Umzekelo osebenzayo ufumaneka kwi-magnesium sulfate leaching: ngaphantsi koxinzelelo olubalulekileyo lwe-3.5% kunye ne-pH 4, ukukhutshwa komhlaba onqabileyo kuyawa, ngelixa ii-ore agglomerates ziqhubeka, zithintela ukungazinzi kwethambeka kodwa zinciphisa isivuno.
Iziphumo ze-Excessive Leaching Agent kwi-Rare Earth Processing
Umthamo ogqithisileyo we-leaching agent uzisa iingxaki ezinkulu kunyango lwe-rare earth leachate:
- Inkcitho yeReagent:Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwee-asidi ezifana nee-nitric okanye ii-ammonium compounds kwandisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-reagent, kudla ngokuncipha kwembuyekezo encinci kumazinga okukhupha.
- Ungcoliseko lwesibini:Izinto ezibangela ubundlobongela ziyakhawulezisa ukunyibilika kodwa zikwabangela ukuxutywa kokungcola kunye nokuxutywa—i-aluminium, i-iron, kunye ne-calcium ziyashukunyiswa, nto leyo ephakamisa umngcipheko kwindalo esingqongileyo, ingakumbi emanzini nasemhlabeni. Umzekelo, imilinganiselo ephezulu ye-asidi ekuxutyweni kwe-gangue yamalahle ikhokelela ekuxutyweni kwe-aluminium kunye ne-iron yi-5-6% kunye ne-REEs, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima unyango lwe-rare earth leachate.
- Ukucoca Ngokubambisana Kokungcola:Ngaphaya kwemida efanelekileyo yoxinaniso, ukukhetha kuyaphela—iintsimbi ezingafunekiyo zingena kwisisombululo, zikhuphe i-load solvent kunye ne-rare earth separation amanqanaba, kwaye zifuna ukucocwa okunzulu.
- Ukungazinzi kwesinyithi:Uvavanyo lokuphuma kweemfumba lubonakalisa umngcipheko womhlaba; ukusebenzisa kakhulu izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunokungazinzisa ii-mineral agglomerates, okubangela ukudilika komhlaba kunye nokuwa kweentlambo emigodini.
Izifundo zamva nje zikhuthaza ukwenziwa ngcono kwedosi, zikhuthaza ezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo ezifana nee-asidi ezithambileyo okanye ii-carboxylates zomhlaba we-alkaline. Ezi arhente kwi-pH elungiselelweyo, ephantse ibe ne-neutral, zifumana ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu kwe-REE (>91%) ngelixa zinciphisa ukukhululwa kokungcola—zihambelana neenkqubo eziphambili zokwahlulwa komhlaba onqabileyo.
Ukuphucula uxinano lweearhente zokuleaching sisiseko kwinkqubo yokwahlulahlula umhlaba onqabileyo. Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kulawula ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokuleaching, ukuchithwa okuzinzileyo, kunye nokusebenza kokukhutshelwa kwesinyibilikisi esisezantsi, konke oku ngelixa kulawulwa iindleko kunye nokugcinwa kokusingqongileyo. Ukukhetha kunye nokulinganisa iarhente efanelekileyo kunye nomthamo, kusetyenziswa ukuqonda kweminerali, kuhlala kusisiseko seendlela eziphambili zokukhutshelwa komhlaba onqabileyo kunye nokwahlulahlula.
Ukulinganiswa koBuninzi boXinzelelo lwe-Leaching Agent
Ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo uxinano lwe-leaching agent kubalulekile kwinkqubo yokwahlula izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Ukuhlala uqinile kuxinaniselwano kuqinisekisa iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhupha, kuxhasa ukunyibilika okuzinzileyo kwee-ions ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, kwaye kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha umhlaba onqabileyo. Zombini iindlela zokulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye neendlela zokumisela eziqinileyo zisetyenziselwa ukulawula umlinganiselo we-agent, ukunciphisa ukufakwa kokungcola, kunye nokuthintela inkunkuma yezixhobo.
Impembelelo yokugxila kwe-Leaching Agent ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokwahlukana
Uxinzelelo lweearhente zokuvuzayiparameter ebalulekileyo yolawulo kwinkqubo yokwahlula izinto zomhlaba onqabileyo. Ulwalamano lwayo ngqo nokusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa kwenkunkuma kuxhasa impumelelo yokwahlulwa komhlaba onqabileyo kuzo zonke izitokhwe zokutya. Ukulungisa ubungakanani bearhente kumisela zombini isivuno see-ion zomhlaba onqabileyo ekujoliswe kuzo kunye nokukhetha kwendlela yokukhupha i-solvent yokwahlula umhlaba onqabileyo.
Ulwalamano oluthe ngqo phakathi koBuninzi be-Arhente kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-Leaching
Ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwe-leaching agent ngokuqhelekileyo kuphakamisa isivuno sokukhupha i-rare earths. Umzekelo, i-magnesium acetate—esetyenziswa kwi-weathered crust elution-deposited ores—ifikelela kwi-91% rare earth extraction efficiency kwi-dosages efanelekileyo, ngelixa igcina i-aluminium co-leaching ingaphantsi kwe-30% kwiimeko ezilawulwayo. Olu phuculo lubalulekile xa kusetyenziswa iindlela zokukhupha i-solvent ukwahlula nokucoca i-rare earths kwi-matrices ezintsonkothileyo ezifana ne-coal gangue kunye nenkunkuma yemizi-mveliso. Ii-asidi ze-inorganic (umz., i-HCl, i-HNO₃) ngokufanayo zifikelela kwi-high efficiency kwi-molar concentrations ezichazwe kakuhle (umz., ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12.5 mol/dm³ ye-cerium kunye ne-lanthanum), nangona ukukhetha kufuneka kulinganiswe ngononophelo ukuze kuthintelwe ukungcola okugqithisileyo.
Impembelelo ekunyibilikeni okukhethiweyo kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezijoliswe kuzo
Ukulinganiswa ngononophelo komthamo we-leaching agent kubalulekile ekunyibilikiseni ngokukhethekileyo ii-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ingakumbi xa kunyangwa izinto ezinezinto ezingcolisekileyo zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga. Umzekelo, unyango lwe-leachate yomhlaba onqabileyo nge-citric acid kwi-2 mol/L luvumela ukunyibilika okungaphezulu kwe-90% kwe-rare earths kwi-phosphogypsum, kunye nendlela yokuphendula umphezulu eqinisekisa ukuxinana kwe-agent njengomqhubi oyintloko wokusebenza kakuhle nokukhetha. Ukuxinana okuphantsi kwe-agent nako kunokusebenza kakhulu: ukuxinana kwe-acid elandelelanayo kwinkunkuma ye-elektroniki kusetyenziswa i-0.2 M H₂SO₄ kwi-20°C kubonakaliswe ukuba kubuyisela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-91% ye-rare earths, kunciphisa ukuxinana kwe-aluminium kunye nesinyithi. Uyilo lweqela lubonisa ukuba ngaphaya kolona lufanelekileyo, ukunyuka okungakumbi kokuxinana kwe-agent kunokukhuthaza ukunyibilika okungafunekiyo kwezinto ze-gangue kwaye kuchaphazele ubunyulu bemveliso yomhlaba onqabileyo.
Imizekelo yoBuninzi: Uphuculo ekuChanekeni koKuchongwa kunye nokuzinza kwe-Ion
Inkqubela phambili yakutshanje kwiinkqubo ze-mixed extractant ibonisa indlela uxinaniso lwee-agent oluchaphazela ngayo ngqo ukuchaneka kokufunyanwa kwe-batch kunye nokuzinza kwe-ion-dissolution. Ukusetyenziswa kolawulo lwenkqubo olusebenzisa iLonnmeter kuvumela ukulinganiswa kwexesha langempela, ubungakanani boxinaniso lwee-leaching agent kunye nokulungiswa ngokuthe ngqo ngexesha lemijikelo yokukhupha. Ubungqina bovavanyo bubonise ukuba ukonyusa uxinaniso lwee-agent ngaphakathi koluhlu olulungiselelweyo kukhokelela ekuphuculeni okubukhali kuzinzo lweeprofayili zokuchithwa kwee-ion ze-rare earth kunye nokuchaneka kokubuyiselwa kotshintsho oluncinci lwe-batch. Iindlela ze-mixed extractant, ezinje ngokudibanisa i-ammonium sulfate kunye ne-ammonium formate inhibitors, zicinezela ukuchithwa kwe-aluminium okungafunekiyo ngobuninzi, zivumela iziphumo zokukhupha i-rare earth ezichanekileyo neziphindaphindwayo. Ukongeza, izifundo ze-kinetic ezisekelwe kwiimodeli zethiyori ye-double elector layer kunye ne-chromatographic plate ziqinisekisa ukuba uxinaniso olufanelekileyo lwee-agent lunciphisa uxinaniso kunye nokwandisa ukwahlukana kwe-rare earth kwasekuqaleni kwenkqubo yokukhupha i-solvent.
Iziphumo Ezisebenzayo kunye Nokuphucula Umthamo
Ukuphucula umthamo we-leaching agent kubalulekile ekwahlukaniseni ii-ions zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezixabisekileyo ngelixa kunciphisa iingozi zokusingqongileyo nezokusebenza. Kwi-rare earth solvent extract, ukugcina uxinzelelo ngaphakathi komda obalulekileyo kuthintela ukungazinzi kwee-ore agglomerates kunye nesakhiwo se-ore pore, okunokukhokelela ekungazinzini kwe-slope kwimigodi ye-in situ. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba ukudlula uxinzelelo lwe-agent ye-3.5% nge-magnesium sulfate kuphazamisa isakhiwo se-ore, okuphakamisa umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amanqanaba angonelanga e-agent abangela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching kunye nokwahlulwahlulwa okungaphelelanga kwe-rare earth. Inkxaso yokulinganisa ubungakanani, efana nohlalutyo lomphezulu wempendulo kunye nethiyori ye-chromatographic plate, ivumela ukulungiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezixa ze-leaching agent kwi-ore nganye ethile okanye intsalela yemizi-mveliso-ukulinganisela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching, ubumsulwa bemveliso, kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo.
Ulawulo olusebenzayo loxinzelelo lwe-leaching agent luxhasa iinkqubo eziphambili zokwahlulwa komhlaba onqabileyo, ukuqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu, ukubuyiselwa okukhethiweyo kunye nokuzinza kwee-ion zomhlaba onqabileyo kwizicelo zoshishino.
Iindlela Zokukhupha I-Solvent Zokwahlulwa Kwemihlaba Engaqhelekanga
Ukukhupha i-solvent yiteknoloji ephambili kwinkqubo yokwahlula izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, eyenzelwe ukwahlula nokucoca ii-REEs ngokukhetha kwimixube enzima, efana ne-ore leachates kunye nemithombo yokuphinda isetyenziswe. Ivumela ukudluliselwa okujoliswe kuko kwee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo phakathi kwezigaba zamanzi kunye ne-organic kusetyenziswa ii-extractants ezikhethekileyo. Ukwahlula ngokukhupha i-solvent kubaluleke kakhulu kuba ii-ion ezininzi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zibonisa umahluko omncinci weekhemikhali, ngakumbi phakathi kwee-light rare earths (LREEs: La, Ce, Nd, Pr, Sm) kunye nee-heavy rare earths (HREEs: Y, Dy, Tb).
Iindlela kunye noBuchule beMizi-mveliso
Indlela esisiseko yenkqubo yokwahlulwa komhlaba onqabileyo ngokusebenzisa i-solvent extraction ibandakanya ukulungelelaniswa kwee-ions zomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nee-extractants eziphilayo. I-Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid, i-Cyanex 272, i-Cyanex 572, kunye ne-PC 88A, ezihlala zongezwa ngee-phase modifiers ezifana ne-tributyl phosphate (TBP), zibonisa izinto ezikhethiweyo kwi-rare earths ezinikiweyo. Ngokulawula i-pH yesigaba samanzi, ukutshintshiselana kwee-ion, kunye neentlobo ze-extractant, izinto zokwahlulwa zinokuphuculwa—umz., i-Cyanex 572 ene-PC 88A kunye ne-TBP inikezela ngokwahlukana okukhulu phakathi kwe-Sm kunye ne-La, ngelixa i-Nd kunye ne-Pr zihlala zinzima ngakumbi ngenxa yeempawu zeekhemikhali ezivaliweyo.
Kwimizi-mveliso, inkqubo yokwahlulwa komhlaba ongaqhelekanga ibalulekile ekuveliseni ii-REEs ezicocekileyo kakhulu ezisetyenziswa kwi-elektroniki, iimagnethi, kunye netekhnoloji yamandla. Izityalo zisebenzisa iisekethe zokukhupha i-solvent ezinezigaba ezininzi, ezihlala zimodelwa ngokubala okulinganayo kunye nokulinganisa inkqubo, ukucoca nokugxininisa izinto ezifunekayo ngokuthe ngcembe. Umzekelo, iindlela zokukhupha i-solvent zisetyenziselwa ukubuyisela i-Nd, i-Pr, kunye ne-Dy kwiibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo, apho ii-algorithms ze-phase modeling kunye ne-optimization (ezifana ne-particle swarm optimization) zikhokela ukuhlanganiswa kwesigaba ukuze kubekho isivuno esihle kunye nobumsulwa.
Ukulungiswa kweeNgqungquthela ezahlukeneyo zeLeachate
Unyango lwe-Rare earth leachate lufuna ukulungiswa kweemeko zokukhupha ukuze zihambelane nokwakheka kokutya. Uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo lwe-leaching agent kwi-rare earths, kunye nokukhethwa kunye nomthamo we-extractants, kubalulekile. Kwi-leachates etyebileyo kwi-sulfate evela kwi-ion-adsorption ores okanye kwi-recycled magnets, i-phosphorylhydroxyacetic acid (HPOAc) inika ukhetho oluphezulu kwi-REEs ezithile. I-Diluents ezifana ne-hexane kunye ne-octane, ezidibene ne-D2EHPA okanye i-extractants ezifanayo, zinciphisa ukukhupha kunye nokukhupha ukungcola okungengo-REE kwi-sulfuric acid leachates.
Uxinzelelo lwe-acid stripping reagent kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa iLonnmeter zixhasa ukwenziwa ngcono kokubuyisela, ukuqinisekisa ukunyibilika okuzinzileyo kwee-ions zomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nokwahlukana okusebenzayo. Inkqubo yokutshintshiselana kwee-ion ezidibeneyo kunye nokukhupha i-solvent zibonelela ngezisombululo eziphambili zenkqubo yokwahlula i-rare earth kwimixube ye-multi-element, ingakumbi xa kujongwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching kwi-rare earth extraction kunye nokunciphisa ukungcola.
Uyilo lokuKhupha iMembrane Solvent
Ukukhupha i-Membrane solvent extraction (MSX) kwazisa inkqubela phambili enkulu kwiindlela zokukhupha i-rare earth solvent ngokusebenzisa ii-microporous membranes ukuvimba ii-extractants. Ezi nkqubo zivumela ukuthuthwa okukhethekileyo kwee-ions zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, zifezekisa amazinga okubuyisela ngaphezulu kwe-90% ngee-reagents ezifana ne-di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) kwi-lithium kunye nee-rare earth leachates. Ii-membranes ze-polymer ezithathwe kwi-bio-derived ezisebenza ngee-chelating agents zibonise isivuno esiphucukileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% xa kuthelekiswa nokukhupha ulwelo-ulwelo oluqhelekileyo. I-MSX inciphisa ilahleko ye-reagent kwaye yehlisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, inegalelo kwiindlela zokukhupha kunye nokwahlula ulwelo olunqabileyo oluluhlaza nolungabizi kakhulu. Ii-solvents eziluhlaza, ezifana nee-ionic liquids kunye nee-deep eutectic solvents, zonyusa ngakumbi uzinzo ekuhlukaniseni ulwelo olunqabileyo.
Uvavanyo ngee-leachates zenkunkuma ye-elektroniki luqinisekisa ukuba i-MSX iyakwazi ukubuyisa izinto ezikwi-scalable kuquka i-Dy, i-Pr, kunye ne-Nd. Ukukhetha okuphuculweyo, ukudluliselwa kwesigaba ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuncitshisiweyo kwe-solvent zizibonelelo eziphambili, ezihambelana noxinzelelo lokuzinza kunye nokujikeleza kwezixhobo kwinkqubo yokwahlula izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.
Ukwahlulwahlulwa ngokutsalwa kweSolvent
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Ukuhlanganiswa noLawulo lokuGxininisa lwe-Upstream Leaching Agent
Ukukhupha i-solvent ngempumelelo kuxhomekeke ekulawuleni ukwakheka kwe-rare earth leachate ngokuphucula umthamo we-leaching agent. I-leaching agent engonelanga ibangela ukunyibilika kwe-rare earth okungaphelelanga, inciphise isivuno se-extraction, ngelixa i-leaching agent egqithisileyo inokubangela inkunkuma ephezulu ye-reagent, ukwanda kokuthathwa kokungcola, kunye nokungalingani kwesigaba ngexesha lokwahlulwa kwe-downstream nge-solvent extraction.
Iityuwa ze-ammonium ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezithinteli zokungcola—ezisetyenziswa kwi-crust elution-diposited rare earth ores—zibonisa indlela i-leaching agent optimization ephucula ngayo ukukhuhla kunye nokwahlukana. Imodeli ye-Thermodynamic (umz., ukusebenzisana kwe-P204 kunye ne-coal fly ash leachates) ixhasa ukulungiswa kweeparamitha zokukhupha ukuze zihambelane nekhemistri ye-leachate ukuze kubuyiselwe ngokupheleleyo. Iinkqubo zokukhupha i-heap leaching-solvent ezidibeneyo zikwabonelela ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
Ukuvumelanisa ukhetho kunye noxinzelelo lwe-arhente yokulea ephuma phezulu kunye nokukhetha i-extractant ephuma phantsi kunye ne-phase modifier kuqinisekisa ukunyibilika okuzinzileyo kunye nokwakheka kokutya okulawulwayo, kuphucula ngokuthe ngqo isivuno sokwahlulwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo, ngexesha langempela kwe-arhente yokulea kunye noxinzelelo lwe-ion yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nezixhobo zeLonnmeter kuxhasa ezi ndlela zokusebenza ezidibeneyo zeenkqubo eziphambili zokwahlulwa komhlaba onqabileyo.
Iindlela Ezintsha Nezizinzileyo Zokutsala Izinto
Ii-adsorbents ezisekelwe kwiproteni ezisebenzisa i-bioengineering ziye zayila kwakhona inkqubo yokwahlula izinto ezingaqhelekanga, zazisa amathuba amatsha okufumana kwakhona okuzinzileyo nokukhethiweyo kwimithombo engaqhelekanga efana ne-e-waste kunye ne-industrial leachates. Iiproteni ezifana neLanmodulin ziyilelwe kwaye zakhiwe ukuze zivumelane kakhulu nee-REE ions, zibonisa ukukhetha nokuba zichatshazelwe kwimixube enzima equlethe ubuninzi bee-ion zesinyithi ezikhuphisanayo. Olu hlobo lwe-molecular lubonelela ngenzuzo ephawulekayo ngaphezu kwee-adsorbents zemveli zeekhemikhali kunye neeminerali, ngakumbi phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ezifana namandla aphezulu e-ionic okanye iindawo ezine-acidic, eziqhelekileyo kwimijelo yonyango lwe-leachate enqabileyo yomhlaba. Iipeptides ezisebenzisa i-sequence kunye neeproteni ezingenakushukunyiswa, xa zidityaniswe neepolymers ezisebenzayo okanye izinto ze-nanomaterials, ziphakamisa zombini amandla okufunxa kunye nokuqina kwenkqubo, kunye nezinto ze-nanocomposite ezisebenzisa i-engineering ezifikelela kumandla okufunxa i-REE angaphezulu kwe-900 mg/g, nokuba zikwizisombululo ezicociweyo okanye emanzini enkqubo.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa kwe-rare earth kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekuzinzeni nasekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwe-adsorbent. Ii-polymer ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye nee-magnethi zenzelwe ukugcina ukubopha okuqinileyo kunye nokuvumela ukubuyiswa ngokukhawuleza kwezinto ezilayishiweyo. Ukuphinda zisetyenziswe kwazo kunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma yesibini kwaye kugcina uzinzo lokusebenza oluyimfuneko kwiinkqubo eziphambili zokwahlula i-rare earth. Umzekelo, ii-magnetic composites zivumela ukwahlukana ngokomzimba kwe-adsorbent kwii-leachates nge-magnetism, zigcina ukusebenza kwimijikelo emininzi kwaye zigcina ukunyibilika okuzinzileyo kwee-ions ze-rare earth kwiindlela zokukhupha eziphindaphindwayo kunye nokwahlula. Ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngakumbi xa zidityaniswe nendlela yokukhupha i-solvent yokwahlula i-rare earth, zixhasa ukubuyiselwa kwemveliso ephezulu kwiimagnethi ezichithiweyo kunye neentsalela zoshishino ngelixa ziphucula umthamo we-leaching agent kwaye zinciphisa impembelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Iinkqubo eziphendula ubushushu kunye nee-reagent ezixutyiweyo zingenisa ulawulo oluguquguqukayo ekuhlukaniseni ngokukhupha i-solvent. Ezi nkqubo ziphendula kwiimpawu zobushushu ngokuguqula amandla onxibelelwano phakathi kwee-adsorbents kunye nee-ion ze-REE, zenza ukuba ukukhetha kukhetheke kwaye kuphucule ubumsulwa kwiinxalenye ezahluliweyo. Iindlela ze-reagent ezixutyiweyo zidibanisa i-organic kunye ne-inorganic solvents okanye zilungise i-pH kunye namandla e-ionic ukuze zilungelelanise ukukhetha kokukhupha, zithintele ukunyibilika kunye kweentsimbi ezingafunekiyo, kwaye zinikeze ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-rare earth okucocekileyo okuphezulu. Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo enjalo kubalulekile ekuhlukaniseni i-rare earth, kunceda ukuxinana kwe-leaching agent efanelekileyo kwi-rare earths, kuthintelwe iziphumo ze-leaching agent enganeleyo okanye egqithisileyo ekucutshungulweni kwe-rare earth, kunye nokuqinisa ulawulo oluqinileyo lokusebenza.
Ii-adsorbents ezilungisiweyo ngokwebhayoloji neziphinda zisetyenziswe, kunye neenkqubo eziphendula kubushushu kunye neenkqubo ezixutyiweyo ze-reagent, zixhasa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhupha umhlaba onqabileyo kunye nokwahlula ezifunekayo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ukudibanisa kwazo kuphucula ukwenziwa ngcono komthamo we-leaching agent, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle konyango lwe-leachate ye-rare earth, kwaye kufezekisa ukwahlulahlula umhlaba onqabileyo okucocekileyo kakhulu ngokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo.
Izinto eziqwalaselwayo kwiNdalo nakwizoqoqosho
Ukuphucula ukuxinana kweearhente zokulea kwinkqubo yokwahlula izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kufezekisa iingenelo ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho nakwezokusingqongileyo. Ngokulungisa umthamo weearhente zokulea, imisebenzi yokulea umhlaba onqabileyo igcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokulea ngelixa inciphisa igalelo eligqithisileyo lee-reagent kunye nemiphumo engaphantsi komsinga.
Iingenelo zeNdalo zoKusebenzisa iDosi eNgcono kunye noKwahlulwa okuPhambili
Ukulungisa kakuhle uxinaniso olufanelekileyo lwe-leaching agent kwi-rare earths kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali, kuthintela ngokuthe ngqo iziphumo ezimbi zokusebenzisa i-overdose kunye ne-leaching agent egqithisileyo ekucutshungulweni kwe-rare earth. Xa idosi ihambelana nomlinganiselo omncinci wokunyibilika okuzinzileyo kwee-ions ze-rare earth, ukuchithwa kwesibini kwezimbiwa kunye nokukhululwa kwemveliso enobuthi kuyancitshiswa. Iinkqubo eziphambili zokwahlula i-rare earth—ezifana nokuphuculwa kokukhupha i-membrane solvent kunye ne-hybrid membrane-reactive extraction—zinceda ngakumbi ekubuyiseleni ekukhetheni kunye nokulahleka okuncinci, kunciphisa imveliso yongcoliseko ngeyunithi nganye yemveliso ye-rare earth.
Izinto ezisebenzisa i-lixiviants ezinobuhlobo nendalo—ezifana ne-magnesium acetate, i-magnesium sulfate, kunye nee-organic acids ezifana ne-citric acid—zinciphisa i-acidification yomhlaba kwaye zenze kube lula ukubuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza kwenkqubo yendalo emva kokukhuhla. Umzekelo, ukukhuhla okusekwe kwi-citric acid akupheleli nje ekufezekiseni amazinga aphezulu okubuyiselwa komhlaba kodwa kukhokelela ekubuyiselweni ngokukhawuleza komsebenzi we-enzyme yomhlaba, okubonisa ukuvuselelwa ngokukhawuleza kwenkqubo yendalo emva konyango lokukhuhla. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba nge-lixiviants ezisekwe kwi-magnesium, ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha kuhambelana nokungcola okuncinci kunye nomngcipheko oncitshisiweyo wendalo, njengoko kuqinisekiswe yi-zeta potential kunye nohlalutyo lwe-double electrical layer. Ezi ziphumo zigxininisa ukuba ukulungiswa kwedosi ye-leaching agent kunye neendlela zokukhupha ezikhethiweyo ziphambili kwiindlela zokukhupha i-rare earth solvent ezinobungozi kwindalo.
Ukwahlulahlula okuphucukileyo ngeendlela zokukhupha i-solvent—ingakumbi ezo zisebenzisa ii-polymer membranes ezisebenzayo—kunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-organic solvent kwaye kunciphisa umkhondo we-rare earth separation. Iinkqubo ze-hybrid kunye ne-membrane-based zonyusa ukukhetha kunye nokubuyisela, zinciphisa zombini izinto zekhemikhali kunye nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma xa kuthelekiswa neesekethe zendabuko zokuxuba-ukuhlalisa. Olu phuculo lwenkqubo lwenza ukuhlukaniswa kwe-rare earth kucoceke kwaye kukhuseleke kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Ukuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali, ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma, kunye neenyawo zokusingqongileyo
Ukulawula i-leaching agent dosing kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-reagent kwaye kuthintela ukuqokelelana okungeyomfuneko kweekhemikhali eziseleyo kwiziselo ezikhuphayo. Umzekelo, kunyango lwe-leachate yomhlaba ongaqhelekanga, ukudlula imida ebalulekileyo kuxinzelelo lwe-magnesium sulfate okanye ukusebenza ngaphantsi kwe-pH efanelekileyo kuyawuphazamisa ulwakhiwo lwe-ore, kukhulula iinxalenye ezincinci kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwethambeka. Ngokugcina i-dosing kwixabiso elifanelekileyo elimiselwe ngokweempirically, ulawulo lwenkqubo lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa ngqo kweekhemikhali kunye neengozi ze-geotechnical.
Ukwamkelwa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo—kuquka ukuchaneka okuphezulunomgcaukugxilaiimitha ukusuka eLonnmeter—ivumela uhlengahlengiso oluqhutywa yidatha lweemeko zokukhuhla, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa igalelo leekhemikhali ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kukusebenza kakuhle kokukhuhla ekukhuculweni komhlaba onqabileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ii-adsorbents ezenziwe nge-bioengineering kunye nezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, ezifana nee-biosorbents ezisekelwe kwiproteni kunye nenkunkuma ye-lignocellulosic, zenza kube lula ukubuyiselwa komhlaba onqabileyo phantse ngokupheleleyo ngelixa zixhasa imijikelo evaliweyo ethintela ukukhutshwa kwendalo kunye nokuqinisekisa imijelo yenkunkuma.
Xa iinkqubo eziphambili zokwahlulwa komhlaba onqabileyo zidibene nolawulo olufanelekileyo lweearhente zokuleyisha, ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma ngexesha lokukhupha kunye nokwahlulahlula kunciphisa kakhulu. Ukukhutshwa kwe-membrane solvent, umzekelo, akupheleli nje ekufezekiseni ubunyulu besinyithi kunye nesivuno esiphezulu kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu i-solvent kunye neentsalela ze-asidi ezidla ngokufuna unyango lwenkunkuma enobungozi. Oku kunciphisa kuhambelana neenjongo zokwemba ezizinzileyo kunye noxinzelelo lolawulo lokunciphisa umthwalo wokusingqongileyo we-rare earth mining.
Iingenelo zoqoqosho: Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo okuphuculweyo kunye neendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi
Ukhuphiswano kwezoqoqosho kwiindlela zokukhupha nokwahlula umhlaba onqabileyo luxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kakuhle kwezixhobo kunye nokusebenza ngendlela engabizi kakhulu. Ukulungiswa komthamo we-leaching agent kunciphisa iindleko zezinto eziluhlaza kunye ne-reagent ngokuphelisa ukongezwa kweekhemikhali okungeyomfuneko, ngelixa uzinzo lwenkqubo lukhusela ilahleko ezibangelwa kukungazinzi kwe-ore, ixesha lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo, okanye ukuwohloka komzimba we-ore.
Ukuphucula ukukhutshelwa kwezinto ezikhethiweyo ngokukhupha i-solvent ephucukileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe be-membrane kwandisa ukubuyiselwa kwexabiso le-rare earth kwii-leachates—ingakumbi kwizixhobo ezikumgangatho ophantsi okanye onzima—ngaloo ndlela kunyusa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwe-rare earths ezixabisekileyo. Ulawulo lwedosi ngexesha langempela ngenxaizixhobo zokulinganisa uxinanisokwandisa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe imveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso, okuqinisa imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho kuyo yonke inkqubo.
Ukunciphisa inkunkuma akuvelisi nje kuphela ukonga ngokuthe ngqo ekuthengweni kwee-reagent kodwa nakwimisebenzi yonyango, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokulungisa izinto. Umzekelo, amazinga okubuyisela kwiinkqubo zokukhupha i-hybrid membrane-solvent aphezulu kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuncitshisiwe kakhulu, okuvelisa ukonga okukhulu ekusebenzeni ekuhlukaniseni umhlaba onqabileyo. Ngokufanayo, ukungeniswa kwee-biosorbents ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe—ezigcina umsebenzi wazo kwimijikelo eliqela—kunciphisa iindleko ezisetyenziswayo kunye neentlawulo zolawulo lwenkunkuma.
Uhlalutyo lomjikelo wobomi luqinisekisa ukuba ukulungelelaniswa kokukhupha i-leaching kunye neendlela eziphambili zokukhupha i-rare earth solvent zibonisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezishushu eziphantsi kunye neeprofayili zetyhefu, ngelixa i-kinetic modeling ibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula kunye namaxesha amafutshane okuhlala ngexesha lokwahlulwahlulwa komhlaba onqabileyo. Ngokufutshane, ukulungiswa kwenkqubo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obucocekileyo kuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo lwezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo kwimisebenzi yokukhupha umhlaba onqabileyo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
Yintoni inkqubo yokwahlula izinto ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaba?
Inkqubo yokwahlula izinto zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela okwahlula izinto zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga kwimixube enzima. Okokuqala, intsalela yezimbiwa okanye yemizi-mveliso idlula ekukhuculweni, apho iarhente yokukhuculwa inyibilikisa ii-ion zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga kwisisombululo. Ukwakheka kwale leachate kumisela ngokuthe ngqo amanyathelo alandelayo—iindlela zokwahlula ezikhethiweyo ezifana nokukhupha i-solvent okanye ukufunxwa zisetyenziswa kwi-partition ethile ye-rare earths, ngokusekelwe kubudlelwane bazo obukhethekileyo beekhemikhali. Iinkqubo eziphambili zokwahlula umhlaba ezingaqhelekanga zinokubandakanya i-chemical precipitation, i-ion exchange, iindlela ze-membrane, kunye ne-bioadsorption ukuze kuphuculwe ukukhetha kunye nokuzinza. Ukukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo—yekhemikhali, yenyama, okanye yebhayoloji—kuxhomekeke ekusasazweni komhlaba ongaqhelekanga kwesondlo kunye neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kobunyulu kunye nokubuyiselwa koqoqosho.
Uxinzelelo lwe-leaching agent luyichaphazela njani indlela esebenza ngayo i-rare earth separation?
Uxinzelelo lwe-agent yokuvuza lubalulekile ekuhlukaniseni i-rare earth. I-agent encinci kakhulu ikhokelela ekunyibilikeni okungaphelelanga kunye nokubuyiselwa kakubi kwe-ions zomhlaba onqabileyo, ukuchitha ukutya kunye nokunciphisa isivuno semveliso. Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, kwelinye icala, lunyusa iindleko ze-reagent kwaye lunokunyibilikisa iintsimbi ezingafunekiyo, lunciphise ubumsulwa bemveliso. Uxinzelelo lwe-agent yokuvuza olufanelekileyo lulinganisela ukubuyiswa okuphezulu kwe-ions ekujoliswe kuyo, ukukhetha, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-3 mol/L hydrochloric acid kubushushu obuphakathi kunokufikelela kwi-87% yokubuyiselwa kwe-rare earth kwi-phosphogypsum, ngelixa iityuwa ezongeziweyo ezifana ne-ammonium okanye i-sodium chloride zinyusa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukumisela inkqubo kunye nokulinganisa ngexesha langempela-njengokusebenzisa iLonnmeter-kwenza kube lula ukuphucula umthamo we-agent yokuvuza.
Yintoni i-rare earth leachate kwaye kutheni ukwakheka kwayo kubalulekile?
I-Rare earth leachate sisisombululo esiveliswa emva kokunyanga i-rare earth-bearing feedstock nge-leaching agent efanelekileyo. Esi sisombululo siqulathe ii-ions zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezinyibilikisiweyo kunye nezinye iintsimbi okanye ukungcola. Ukwakheka kwe-rare earth leachate kulawula ukwahlukana ngokukhupha i-solvent kunye nokufunxwa; uyilo olufanelekileyo luqinisekisa ubunyulu obuphezulu kunye nokudluliselwa okukhethiweyo. I-Leachate etyebileyo kwiikhompawundi ze-organic ezingathathi hlangothi okanye amanqanaba e-pH alungiselelweyo aphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa komhlaba okungaqhelekanga kunye nokuzinza. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwekhemistri ye-leachate—ingakumbi i-pH, umxholo we-complexing agent, kunye noxinzelelo lwesinyithi oluphazamisayo—luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uqoqosho kunye nokukhetha iindlela zokukhupha umhlaba onqabileyo kunye nokwahlula.
Ukwahlulahlula nge-solvent extraction kusebenza njani kwi-rare earth processing?
Ukwahlulwa ngokutsalwa kwe-solvent kubandakanya ukudlulisela ii-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezinyibilikisiweyo ukusuka kwisigaba se-leachate samanzi ukuya kwi-solvent yendalo kusetyenziswa ii-extractants ezithile. Le ndlela isebenzisa umahluko omncinci kwiintsebenziswano zeekhemikhali phakathi kwee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye nee-extractants. Ngokulungisa uxinaniso lwe-agent ye-leaching, i-pH, kunye ne-extractant formulation, abaqhubi bandisa ukukhetha kunye namazinga okubuyisela. Ii-flowsheets zamanqanaba amaninzi kunye neemodeli zokulingana zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukwahlukana—ngokuqhelekileyo zifumana ucoceko olungaphezulu kwe-99% kwizinto ezifana ne-yttrium kunye ne-lanthanum. Ukusebenzisa ii-solvents eziluhlaza, njengeenkqubo zamanzi ezimbini, kunciphisa umkhondo wokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwiindlela eziphambili zokukhupha i-solvent yomhlaba ezinqabileyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-leaching agent ayonelanga okanye igqithisile ngexesha lokwahlulwa komhlaba ongaqhelekanga?
I-arhente yokukhupha amanzi enganeleyo ayikwazi ukunyibilikisa ubungakanani obufunekayo bee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni kakubi kokukhupha amanzi kunye nokubuyiselwa okungaphelelanga. I-arhente yokukhupha amanzi ngokugqithisileyo inokubangela ukusetyenziswa ngokungeyomfuneko kweekhemikhali, yonyuse iindleko zokucubungula, kwaye ikhuphe izinto ezingafunekiyo, ingcolise imveliso yokugqibela. Ngaphezu koko, ubuninzi obuphezulu okanye i-pH engafanelekanga inokuphazamisa i-ore agglomerates, nto leyo enokubangela ukungaphumeleli kwe-slope kwimisebenzi yokukhupha amanzi kwi-heap okanye kwi-column. Ubungqina obubonakalayo bubonisa imfuneko yokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nolawulo—ukunyibilika okuzinzileyo kwee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kufezekiswa kuphela xa kugxilwe kwi-agent ephuculweyo kunye ne-pH. Iindlela ezifana neLonnmeter zibalulekile ekujongeni nasekugcineni uzinzo lomthamo we-agent yokukhupha amanzi.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-28-2025
