Isidingo Esibalulekileyo Sokujonga Uxinzelelo Olukwi-Inline Ngexesha Langempela
Ukugcina nokusebenzisa i-ammonia anhydrous liquid kuzisa imingeni eyahlukeneyo kwishishini lesinyithi nentsimbi, ingakumbi ngexesha lokususwa kwegesi emdaka. Ukugcinwa kwe-ammonia engamanzi kubonakalisa iingozi ezivela kwityhefu yayo, ukutsha kwayo, amandla okuqhuma kwayo, kunye nokuthambekela kokuvuza phantsi koxinzelelo. Abaqhubi kufuneka basebenzise imigaqo yokhuseleko eqinileyo ukulawula ukuphathwa kwe-ammonia kwiingozi ezinokutsha neziqhumayo. Nokuba ukusilela okuncinci kulawulo loxinzelelo kunokubangela iziganeko ezimbi ezifana nokuvuza kwegesi ye-ammonia, ukutsha kweekhemikhali, okanye izoyikiso zokuchatshazelwa okukhulu, okusongela abasebenzi kunye noluntu olukufutshane.
Isityalo seNsimbi neNtsimbi
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Ukujongana nale mingcipheko, iinkqubo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kwiitanki zokugcina i-ammonia zibalulekile.Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inlineukubonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela engaphazanyiswayo kwiimeko zangaphakathi kwitanki, exhasa ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lokugcina ulwelo lwe-ammonia. Ngokufundwa koxinzelelo oluchanekileyo nolufike ngexesha, abaqhubi bezityalo banokuthatha amanyathelo ngoko nangoko ukuba ukufundwa okungaqhelekanga kubonisa ukuvuza, uxinzelelo olungapheliyo lunyuka, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle koomatshini.
Iindlela zanamhlanje zokulawula ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-flue, ezifana nokunciphisa i-catalytic ekhethiweyo, zixhomekeke kwi-ammonia njenge-arhente yokunciphisa kunyango lwegesi ye-flue kwiindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa i-nitrogen oxides (NOx). Ukugcina imigangatho yokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-flue ehambelanayo kufuna ukuba kusetyenziswe i-ammonia engaphazanyiswayo nelawulwayo. Ukubeka iliso kuxinzelelo ngexesha langempela kuvumela iteknoloji yokunqunyulwa kokutya ngokuzenzekelayo kwiitanki ze-ammonia. Xa uxinzelelo luwela ngaphandle komda okhuselekileyo, inaliti ye-ammonia inokumiswa ngoko nangoko, ikhusela zombini inkqubo kunye nokusingqongileyo ekuchithekeni okanye kwiimpendulo ezingalawulekiyo.
Njengoko kukho imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko lwetanki yokugcina i-ammonia, izityalo zifuna ukuxilongwa kude ekulawuleni ukugcinwa kwe-ammonia kunye nokubeka esweni ukuvezwa kwe-ammonia kwindawo. Izixhobo zokuhambisa ezidityanisiweyo zenza umqolo weenkqubo ze-ammonia ezingavuziyo, ezivumela ukusombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqinisekiswa kokuthobela imithetho.
Ubunzima bokutsalwa kwegesi yeflue nge-ammonia engamanzi kuqinisa imfuneko yeenkqubo zolawulo oluqinileyo lokugcina i-ammonia. Ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zokubeka esweni uxinzelelo oluphambili, olusebenza ngexesha langempela kuxhasa iinjongo ezimbini zezicwangciso zokuthintela ukuchitheka kwe-ammonia engamanzi kunye nokubeka esweni ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia rhoqo nangokuhambelanayo. Olu buchule luqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza, ukulungelelaniswa kwemithetho rhoqo, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu ekulawuleni ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia kwimizi-mveliso.
Ukuqonda iNkqubo yeShishini
I-Ammonia Anhydrous Liquid kwi-Flue Gas Denitration
I-ammonia anhydrous liquid isebenza njenge-reducing kwi-flue gas desnitration kwizityalo zentsimbi nezentsimbi. Isebenza njenge-reducing agent kwi-selective catalytic reduction (SCR), indlela esetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ukukhutshwa kwe-nitrogen oxides (NOx). Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-SCR, i-ammonia ifakwa kwi-flue gas stream, apho isabela khona kunye ne-nitrogen oxides xa kukho i-catalyst. Le chemical reaction iguqula ii-NOx compounds ezinobungozi zibe yi-nitrogen engenabungozi kunye nomphunga wamanzi, ilungelelanisa ukukhutshwa kwe-flue gas kunye nemigangatho engqongqo yokukhutshwa kwe-flue gas.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kufuna unikezelo oluzinzileyo noluthembekileyo lwe-ammonia anhydrous liquid. Iinkqubo zetanki zokugcina i-ammonia zibalulekile kwiinkqubo ze-SCR ezingaphazanyiswayo. Ukungapheleli kokuhamba kwe-ammonia okanye ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo kunokukhokelela ekugqithiseni ngokukhawuleza imida ye-NOx yolawulo kwaye kubeke emngciphekweni ukwaphulwa komthetho okubiza kakhulu. Ukugcina ukugcinwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-ammonia rhoqo ke ngoko kuxhasa ulawulo olusebenzayo lokukhupha igesi yolwelo kunye nokunamathela rhoqo kwimigangatho yendalo yesizwe neyengingqi.
Iingozi inUgcino lweAmmonia yolwelo
Iitanki zokugcina i-ammonia engamanzi zihlala zakhiwe ngentsimbi yekhabhoni ekumgangatho ophezulu, zenzelwe uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokugcina ubushushu obuphantsi. Uninzi lweetanki ziindawo ezimile nkqo okanye ezithe tye, zixhotyiswe nge-welds eziqinisiweyo kunye ne-thermal insulation ukunciphisa ukubila nokunciphisa ukulahleka komphunga. Izinto ezibalulekileyo zobunjineli beetanki zijongana nesidingo sokuba iinkqubo ze-ammonia zingavuzi; uqhagamshelo lweflange, ii-seal gaskets, kunye neevalvu zokunceda uxinzelelo olungxamisekileyo ziyilelwe kwaye zigcinwa ukuthintela ukukhutshwa ngengozi.
Ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yemingcipheko enkulu yetyhefu yolwelo lwe-ammonia. Umphunga we-ammonia uyingozi kakhulu kwizicwili zokuphefumla nezamehlo. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elifutshane kumanqanaba angaphezulu komda omiselweyo kunokubangela uxinzelelo lokuphefumla okanye ityhefu ebulalayo. Ngenxa yokuba i-ammonia nayo inokutsha kwaye inokwenza imixube eqhumayo nomoya kumanqanaba athile, iindawo zeetanki kufuneka zixhotyiswe ukunciphisa ukuphathwa kwe-ammonia kwiingozi ezinokutsha neziqhumayo—oku kuquka iinkqubo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo zokugcina i-ammonia kunye netekhnoloji yokusika ukutya ngokuzenzekelayo kwiitanki ze-ammonia.
Ukuthintela ukuchitheka nokuvuza kuxhomekeke ekuthinteleni ukuchitheka okuqinileyo, ukwakhiwa okuneendonga ezimbini, kunye nokubeka esweni rhoqo ukuchatshazelwa yi-ammonia kwindawo. Abaphathi bokhuseleko lwezityalo kufuneka basebenzise amaqhinga okuthintela ukuchitheka kwe-ammonia engamanzi afana nokucoca i-perimeter, izixhobo zokuthintela impendulo ekhawulezileyo, kunye nokuxilongwa kude kulawulo lokugcina i-ammonia ukuze kufunyanwe kwaye kulungiswe ukuphulwa kwe-containment ngokukhawuleza.
Iindlela zokugcina nokuphatha zilawulwa ngokungqongqo. Imithetho yokhuseleko lwetanki yokugcina i-ammonia emsebenzini ifuna ukubonwa komphunga, umoya ophumayo, iinkqubo zokuvala umbane ngexesha likaxakeka, kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo. Ii-arhente zinyanzelisa ukubekwa kweliso kunye nokuthobela ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo okungqongileyo. Imida yokuvezwa kwegesi ye-ammonia ibekwa ziibhodi ezilawulayo ukunciphisa umngcipheko kwimpilo nakukhuseleko ngexesha layo yonke imiba yokugcina, ukudluliselwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Iziseko zobugcisa zokubeka iliso kuxinzelelo olukwi-inline ngexesha langempela
Kutheni Kubalulekile Ukuba Umlinganiselo Woxinzelelo Olungaphakathi Ube Yinto Ebalulekileyo
Iinkqubo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo zokugcina ulwelo olungenamanzi lwe-ammonia zibalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo nehambelanayo. Iitanki zokugcina i-ammonia engenamanzi kufuneka zijongwe ngokuthembekileyo ngenxa yobuthi obuphezulu kunye nemingcipheko ebanzi ye-ammonia—kuquka ukutsha kwayo, uhlobo lwayo oluqhumayo kunye neengozi ezinkulu zempilo xa ikhutshwa. Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezingaphakathi zenza umqolo wokhuseleko lokugcina ulwelo lwe-ammonia ngexesha langempela, zibonelela ngokuqonda rhoqo imeko yetanki.
Amandla okubona ngokukhawuleza izixhobo zokuhambisa uxinzelelo ezikwi-inline zenza ukuba abaqhubi bakwazi ukwenza nantoni na engaqhelekanga yokunyuka okanye ukuhla koxinzelelo. Le mpendulo ikhawulezayo ibalulekile ekukhuseleni izixhobo zokucubungula kunye neziseko zophuhliso ekusileleni koomatshini okanye uxinzelelo, ezinje ngeemeko zoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo okanye ukwakheka kwe-vacuum. Ngokudibeneyo neendlela zokujonga ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia kunye nokuthobela imithetho, ukufundwa koxinzelelo olukwi-inline kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kolawulo lokukhutshwa kwegesi yombhobho kunye nemigangatho yokukhutshwa kwegesi yombhobho ehambelanayo.
Ezi transmitters zikwaxhasa ubuchwepheshe bokunqunyulwa kokutya ngokuzenzekelayo kwiitanki ze-ammonia. Ukuba uxinzelelo ludlula imida ekhuselekileyo okanye umngcipheko wetyhefu yolwelo lwe-ammonia ufunyenwe, inkqubo inokuvala ngoko nangoko ukunikezelwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukunyuka. Ii transmitters zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline zivumela ukuxilongwa okukude kulawulo lokugcina i-ammonia. Iingcali zinokuvavanya iimeko kwaye zilungelelanise ukungenelela ngaphandle kokuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo, ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwe-ammonia kwindawo. Olu dibaniso lubalulekile ekuphatheni i-ammonia iingozi ezinokutsha neziqhumayo, amaqhinga okuthintela ukuchitheka, kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigaqo yokhuseleko lwetanki yokugcina i-ammonia.
Ukudibanisa Izixhobo Ezininzi Ezikwi-Inline ukuze Ulawule Inkqubo Ngokupheleleyo
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lokugcina i-ammonia kunye nendima yayo kwiindlela zokunciphisa i-nitrogen oxides (NOx) kufuna ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwezixhobo ezininzi ezingaphakathi. Isixhobo ngasinye—isidlulisi soxinzelelo esingaphakathi,imitha yoxinzelelo emgceni, imitha yoxinano olusemgceni, imitha yokuthamba emgceni,umthumeli wenqanaba elingaphakathi, kunye nesidluliseli sobushushu esingaphakathi—sinikela ngedatha eyahlukileyo neyongezelelweyo.
Isixhobo sokudlulisa uxinzelelo oluphakathi sibona iingozi ezifana nokuvuza okanye ukuvaleka, ngelixa isixhobo sokudlulisa uxinzelelo esiphakathi silandelela ubungakanani obuchanekileyo be-ammonia yolwelo ekhoyo, nto leyo enceda ekuthinteleni ukuzaliswa kakhulu kunye nokugcina indawo efanelekileyo yokungena ukuze kuthintelwe ukungalingani koxinzelelo. Imitha yoxinzelelo oluphakathi iqinisekisa ubunyulu kunye nokuhambelana kwe-ammonia, enxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza kwayo njengearhente yokunciphisa unyango lwegesi yolwelo.
Imitha yoxinano lwe-inline yeLonnmeter inika ingxelo ngexesha langempela malunga noxinano lwe-ammonia, inika isilumkiso kwangethuba xa kukho ungcoliseko, ukwahlulwahlulwa, okanye utshintsho olungaqhelekanga lwesigaba ngaphakathi kwitanki. Imitha yoxinano ikwazisa ngakumbi abaqhubi malunga neempawu zokuphatha ulwelo, inceda ekuphepheni ukuvaleka kwemigca okanye iingxaki zepompo.
Xa zijongwa ngokudibeneyo kwaye zihlalutywa ngexesha langempela, ezi zixhobo zivumela abaqhubi ukuba bagcine uzinzo olubalulekileyo kumazinga okutya kwe-ammonia kwiindlela zokususa igesi yeflue. Zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthintela ukuxinzelelwa kakhulu, ukugcina i-vacuum ngaphakathi kwemilinganiselo ekhuselekileyo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ze-ammonia azinawo amanzi. Olu lungelelwaniso lunciphisa amathuba okuchitheka kwe-ammonia engamanzi, ukuvuza, okanye ukukhutshwa okungafunekiyo, okuxhasa ukujonga ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia kunye neziphumo zokuthobela umthetho.
Ngamafutshane, impendulo eqhubekayo ngexesha langempela evela kwinethiwekhi yezixhobo ezingaphakathi yisiseko sobugcisa sokhuseleko lwanamhlanje lokugcina i-ammonia yolwelo kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo ekususweni kwegesi yesinyithi kunye nentsimbi kwizityalo zentsimbi.
Izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwiMithetho, uKhuseleko, kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho
I-Ammonia anhydrous liquid yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuncitshisweni kwe-selective catalytic (SCR) yokunciphisa i-flue gas denitration kwimveliso yentsimbi nentsimbi. Ukhuseleko oluqinileyo lokugcina i-ammonia yolwelo kunye nemigangatho yokulawula ukukhutshwa kwe-flue gas ilawula le misebenzi yemizi-mveliso.
Imigaqo yokhuseleko lwetanki yokugcina i-ammonia ngoku ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokwakha ezomeleleyo, iinkqubo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, kunye neendlela ezikhuselekileyo kuzo zonke iitanki zokugcina i-ammonia ezingamanzi. Iivalvu zokunciphisa amanzi zibalulekile ukuthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ihlala ngaphakathi kwemida yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo. Imithetho ikwayalela uyilo lwetanki oluneendonga ezimbini okanye olufakwe i-vacuum ukuba luthintele ukuvuza. Iinkqubo ze-ammonia ezingenanto ziyafuneka ziingcali ezininzi ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo kwimingcipheko yobuthi be-ammonia.
Ukulawula ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-flue, i-ammonia njengearhente yokunciphisa unyango lwegesi ye-flue ixhomekeke kwimigaqo ejolise ekunciphiseni i-nitrogen oxides (NOx). Imigangatho yokukhutshwa kwegesi ichaza ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo be-NOx kwiigesi ze-stack. Abaqhubi kufuneka basebenzise iindlela zokunciphisa i-nitrogen oxides (NOx) ezivunyiweyo, ezihlala zixhaswa yimigangatho yokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-flue ehambelanayo echaza imida kwaye imisele ukujonga ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia rhoqo kunye neenkqubo zokuthobela.
Iingcebiso zokhuseleko lweshishini zijongana nobuthi be-ammonia, iingozi ezinokutsha, kunye neengozi eziqhumayo. Imida engqongqo yokuvezwa ebantwini imiselwe, idla ngokuba yi-25 ppm (iinxalenye ngesigidi) zokuvezwa kwexesha elifutshane. Izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezinyanzelekileyo (PPE) ziquka iiglavu, iiglasi zokukhusela, kunye nokhuseleko lokuphefumla. Izakhiwo kufuneka ziqeqeshe abasebenzi kwiindlela zokufumanisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphendula ukuvuza. Ukuphatha i-ammonia kubandakanya nokunciphisa imithombo yokutsha kunye nokuqinisekisa umoya ofanelekileyo kwiindawo zokugcina kunye nezokuhambisa.
Ukubeka iliso ekuvezweni kwe-ammonia kwindawo kuyagxininiswa ukuze kufunyanwe ukukhutshwa komphunga ngokukhawuleza. Izakhiwo zisebenzisa ngakumbi ii-sensor arrays ezidityaniswe neenkqubo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo zokugcina i-ammonia. Ezi nkqubo, ngamanye amaxesha zihambelana netekhnoloji yokusika ukutya ngokuzenzekelayo kwiitanki ze-ammonia, zixhasa ukungenelela ngexesha langempela kunye nokulungiswa kwenkqubo, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukhuseleko. Ii-alamu ezivuzayo kunye nokuxilongwa okukude kulawulo lokugcina i-ammonia kuvumela ukuchongwa kwangoko kweemeko zomngcipheko, ukunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye nokukhusela abasebenzi.
Amaqhinga okuthintela ukuchitheka kwe-ammonia engamanzi asebenzayo agxila kubunjineli kunye nolawulo lolawulo. Iivalvu zokuzahlula kunye nezakhiwo zesibini zokuthintela zisemgangathweni wokuthintela impembelelo yokuchitheka. Izicwangciso zokuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka kunye noqeqesho oluqhelekileyo lokuchithakala zilungiselela abasebenzi ukuba bathintele ngokukhawuleza kwaye baphinde bafumane kwakhona.
Ukunamathela ngokungqongqo kwimigaqo yokhuseleko lwetanki yokugcina i-ammonia kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwetekhnoloji yokubeka esweni nokuthintela ukukhutshwa komoya kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuhambelanayo kweendlela zokususa igesi yolwelo kwizityalo zesinyithi nezentsimbi.
Ii-Lonnmeter Inline Pressure Transmitters kwi-Ammonia Storage kunye ne-Flue Gas Denitration
Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezingaphakathi kweLonnmeter zenzelwe iimfuno ezingqongqo zokuphathwa nokugcinwa kweendawo zokugcina ulwelo olungenamanzi lwe-ammonia. Ezi transmitter zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukhuseleko lokugcina i-ammonia engamanzi, ngakumbi ekulawuleni iitanki zokugcina i-ammonia engamanzi ebalulekileyo kwiindlela zokususa igesi yeflue. Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo ngokuchanekileyo, ngexesha langempela kwenza imigangatho yokukhupha igesi yeflue ihambelane nemithetho, kunceda iindlela zokunciphisa i-nitrogen oxides (NOx) ezisebenzayo ngokufakwa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-ammonia njengearhente yokunciphisa kunyango lwegesi yeflue.
Ulwakhiwo lwesidluliseli lubonelela ngokumelana okuphezulu kweekhemikhali, okwenzelwe ngokukodwa ukumelana nohlobo lwe-ammonia liquid olunokubola nolunobuthi. Olu kumelana okuphezulu kweekhemikhali luyimfuneko ukuthintela ukuwohloka kwenkqubo kunye nokuvuza, okuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo iinkqubo ze-ammonia ezingavuziyo. Amandla okubona iimpazamo ngokukhawuleza ayimfuneko kuyilo; izinzwa zixhotyiswe ukuba ziqalise ubuchwepheshe bokunqunyulwa kokutya ngokuzenzekelayo ngoko nangoko ngexesha leziganeko zoxinzelelo olungaqhelekanga. Olu phawu lunciphisa ukuphathwa kwe-ammonia kwiingozi ezinokutsha neziqhumayo, lujongana nemingcipheko ebalulekileyo yobuthi be-ammonia liquid kwaye luhambelana nemigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko lwetanki yokugcina i-ammonia.
Inkxaso yokuxilongwa okukude ifakiwe, ivumela abaqhubi bezakhiwo ukuba bafikelele kwi-transmitter diagnostics kunye nemeko ephilayo ngaphandle kokungenelela ngqo kwindawo. Esi sikhokelo sokufikelela okukude siphucula iinkqubo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lokugcina i-ammonia, senza ukuba ukusombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wokuvezwa ngokunciphisa isidingo sabasebenzi bokulungisa ukuba bangene kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo neenkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo ezikhoyo kuqinisekisa ukuba idatha yoxinzelelo ingena ngqo kumaqonga olawulo kunye neesekethe ze-logic zempendulo engxamisekileyo. Olu kudibanisa luvumela impendulo yexesha langempela yokujonga kunye nokuthobela ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia, ukuphucula amazinga okujova i-ammonia kunye nokuxhasa amaqhinga okuthintela ukuchitheka kwe-ammonia yolwelo.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokubeka iliso kuxinzelelo kuxhomekeke ekubekweni kwesensor efanelekileyo. I-Lonnmeter icebisa ukufakwa ngqo kwimibhobho kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kuxinzelelo ukuze kubanjwe ukuguquguquka kwendawo. Ukubekwa kwiindawo zokungena kunye neendawo zokuphuma kwiitanki zokugcina kuvumela ingxelo epheleleyo malunga nokusebenza kokuzalisa nokukhupha, okwenza kube lula ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza xa kuvuza okanye kuvaliwe. Ukubeka izithumeli zoxinzelelo ezingaphakathi kwimibhobho yenaliti ye-ammonia kuqinisekisa ingxelo yokusetyenziswa kwedosi ye-ammonia ngokuchanekileyo, kubalulekile kulawulo olusebenzayo lokukhupha igesi yolwelo kunye nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwedosi ye-ammonia ngokugqithisileyo okunokubangela ukwaphulwa kwemithetho okanye ukulahleka kokusebenza kakuhle.
Xa zidityanisiwe, ezi zisombululo zibonelela ngeqonga eliqinileyo lolawulo oluqhubekayo, oluthembekileyo, noluhambelanayo lweenkqubo ze-ammonia, zinciphisa umngcipheko ngelixa zixhasa ukusebenza kakuhle kwizicelo ezifuna amandla kwimizi-mveliso.
Iingenelo zokubeka iliso eliphambili loxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwizityalo zentsimbi nezentsimbi
Iinkqubo zokujonga uxinzelelo olusemgangathweni ezisemgangathweni zeetanki zokugcina i-ammonia ezingenanto yamanzi zivumela ukulandelela okuqhubekayo, ngexesha langempela kweemeko zenqanawa ngexeshaiinkqubo zokususa igesi yolweloLe ndlela iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwetanki okuzinzileyo kwaye ikhawuleza ibone iingxaki zoxinzelelo. Ngenxa yoko, ezi nkqubo zonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle ngokuvumela ukulungiswa kwangoko kweeparamitha zenkqubo, ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kokutya kwe-ammonia, kunye nokunciphisa imfuneko yokuhlolwa rhoqo ngesandla.
Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo rhoqo kunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ixesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga. Iziphene ezinje ngokuhla koxinzelelo okanye ukunyuka, okunokukhokelela ekuchithekeni kwe-ammonia engamanzi okanye ukuvalwa kwenkqubo, zichongwa ngoko nangoko. Itekhnoloji yokunciphisa ukutya ngokuzenzekelayo iphendula kwiimeko eziyingozi, imisa ukuhamba kwe-ammonia ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvuza okubi kwaye ixhase iinkqubo ze-ammonia ezingavuziyo ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yokhuseleko lweshishini. Ukubeka esweni ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa amathuba okusilela kwezixhobo, konga iindleko zokulungisa nokulungisa ezingxamisekileyo kunye nokugcina ixesha lokusebenza kwesityalo.
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo lukhusela ukhuseleko lokugcina i-ammonia engamanzi. Ngokugcina iitanki ngaphakathi kwemida engqongqo, iingozi ezinxulumene nobuthi be-ammonia, ukutsha kwayo, kunye nokuqhuma kwayo zincitshiswa kakhulu. Idatha yoxinzelelo edibeneyo—xa idityaniswe netekhnoloji yokuxilonga ekude—ivumela abaqhubi ukuba baphendule kwizisongelo ezivelayo kwaye baxilonge imiba ngaphandle kokubakho ngokomzimba, nto leyo ephucula ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi abakwindawo. Le ndlela inciphisa izehlo zokuvezwa ngengozi kwaye iququzelele ukungenelela okujoliswe kuko, iphucula amaqhinga okuthintela ukuchitheka kwe-ammonia kunye nokuxhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Ngokwembono yokukhupha umbane, ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwiitanki ze-ammonia luqinisekisa ukuthotywa okuthembekileyo kwe-ammonia njengearhente yokunciphisa unyango lwegesi ye-flue. Amanqanaba okutya azinzileyo avumela ukunciphisa i-nitrogen oxides (NOx) rhoqo, okuxhasa imigangatho yokukhupha umbane ye-flue ehambelanayo kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo lokukhupha umbane wegesi ye-flue. Ukuhamba kwedatha okuqhubekayo kuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwe-ammonia ngexesha langempela, okuphucula iindlela zokususa umbane wegesi ye-flue kwaye kuthintele ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwekhemikhali. Ngenxa yoko, iindleko zokusebenza ziyancitshiswa kwaye ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo kuyaqiniswa.
Ngaphezu koko, ukubeka esweni okucwangcisiweyo kuqinisa ukujongwa kunye nokuthobela ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia. Idatha yenkqubo ethembekileyo ibonelela ngamaxwebhu kubalawuli, ebonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko lwetanki yokugcina i-ammonia. Ivumela isenzo esikhawulezileyo ekuphenduleni ukugqithiswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanqanaba okukhutshwa avumelekileyo awaphulwa kwaye ixhasa indlela yokuthintela iindlela zokunciphisa i-nitrogen oxides. Ukubeka esweni okuphuculweyo kunye nezilumkiso ezikhawulezileyo kuphucula ukujonga ukuchatshazelwa kwe-ammonia kwindawo, kukhusela abasebenzi kunye neziseko zophuhliso kwiingozi zomngcipheko wetyhefu yolwelo lwe-ammonia olukhawulezileyo nolungapheliyo.
Ngamafutshane, ukujonga uxinzelelo oluphambili olukwi-inline kuguqula ulawulo lokugcina i-ammonia yolwelo kwizityalo zentsimbi nezentsimbi ngokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa iimfuno zolondolozo, ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuqhuba ukufezekisa rhoqo iinjongo zokulawula ukukhutshwa kwegesi yolwelo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
Ziziphi iingozi eziphambili ezinxulumene nolwelo olungenamanzi lwe-ammonia olusetyenziswa ekutsaleni igesi yeflue?
I-ammonia anhydrous liquid inetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye ukuphefumla kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu wokuphefumla kwimizuzu embalwa. Indalo yayo enamandla yokubola ithetha ukuba inokonakala ngokukhawuleza i-carbon steel, i-concrete, okanye i-aluminium, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wokungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, i-ammonia anhydrous liquid iyatsha kwaye iyaqhuma, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezivalekileyo ezinomoya. Ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kufuna iinkqubo ze-ammonia ezingavuziyo, uyilo lwetanki oluqinileyo, kunye neentambo zokudlulisa ezivaliweyo. Izixhobo eziqhubekayo kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo ekuvezweni kwe-ammonia kwindawo kuyimfuneko ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhutshwa komphunga onetyhefu, ukuchitheka ngengozi, okanye ukuqhekeka kwetanki okuyingozi.
Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo olusemgceni kuphucula njani ukhuseleko lokugcina i-ammonia elulwelo?
Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo oluphakathi kubalulekile ekugcineni ukhuseleko lokugcina i-ammonia engamanzi. Ukufundwa koxinzelelo ngexesha langempela kunika izilumkiso ezikhawulezileyo zeziganeko zoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, ukuvuza, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwevalvu. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kuxhasa ukuhlukaniswa ngokukhawuleza kusetyenziswa iteknoloji yokunqunyulwa kokutya ngokuzenzekelayo kwiitanki ze-ammonia. Olu buchule bokuphendula ngokukhawuleza luthintela ukukhululwa kwe-ammonia ngengozi kwaye luqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yetanki yokugcina ihambelana nemigaqo yokhuseleko lokugcina i-ammonia engamanzi. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kukwathintela uxinezeleko lwesakhiwo okanye umngcipheko wokuqhekeka ngokugcina uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo ngaphakathi kwimikhumbi yokugcina.
Zifanele zifakwe phi ii-inline pressure transmitters kwiinkqubo zokugcina i-ammonia?
Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezingaphakathi kufuneka zifakelwe kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokugcina i-ammonia. Iindawo ziquka iindawo zokungena kunye neendawo zokuphuma zeetanki zokugcina, imigca ephambili yokubonelela nge-ammonia, kunye neendawo apho i-ammonia ifakwa khona kwigesi ye-flue ukuze isuswe i-nitration. Ukubekwa okucwangcisiweyo kuvumela ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kokunyuka koxinzelelo, ukuhla ngenxa yokuvuza, okanye ukuvaleka ngaphakathi kwenkqubo. Idityaniswe nezinye iisensor, olu lungiselelo lusisiseko sokungavuzisi inkqubo ye-ammonia kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuphatha i-ammonia.
Iyiphi indima edlalwa zizixhobo zokulinganisa ezingaphakathi kunye nezithumeli zoxinzelelo?
Useto olupheleleyo lokhuseleko lokugcina i-ammonia lusebenzisa okungaphezulu nje kwee-transmitters zoxinzelelo. Uxinzelelo olungaphakathi, uxinano, kunye neemitha ze-viscosity (ezifana nezo zenziwa yiLonnmeter), kunye nezixhobo zenqanaba kunye nobushushu, zibonelela ngesithombe esifutshane sokusebenza ngexesha langempela senethiwekhi yonke yokuhambisa i-ammonia. Ezi zixhobo zinceda abaqhubi ukuba bathathe i-ammonia ngokuchanekileyo njengearhente yokunciphisa unyango lwegesi yolwelo, babone ukungangqinelani okanye ungcoliseko, kwaye bagcine uzinzo lwenkqubo. Umzekelo, iimitha zoxinano olungaphakathi zikhusela uxinano olungafanelekanga lwe-ammonia, ngelixa izinzwa zobushushu zilumkisa ngokuveliswa kobushushu okungaqhelekanga okunokubonisa ukuvuza okanye ukusabela. Kuphela ngokusebenzisana kwezi zixhobo apho ukhuseleko oluphezulu, ukunciphisa i-nitrogen oxides (NOx) esebenzayo, kunye nokuthobela rhoqo itanki yokugcina izinto kungenziwa.
Ukubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kunceda njani ukugcina imigangatho yokukhupha igesi yolwelo ehambelanayo?
Ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kubonelela ngolawulo lwenkqubo oluzenzekelayo oluyimfuneko kwimigangatho yokukhutshwa kwegesi yombhobho ehambelanayo. Ngokulandela uxinzelelo, uxinaniso, ukuhamba, kunye namanqanaba eetanki, abaqhubi banokulungisa idosi ye-ammonia ukuze bafumane iindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa i-nitrogen oxides (NOx). Ikwasebenza njengokhuseleko lokuthintela ukukhutshwa ngengozi ngexesha lokusebenza, ixhasa amaxwebhu aqhubekayo afunekayo ngamaqumrhu olawulo. Izisombululo zokubeka iliso ezipheleleyo zinceda izityalo zentsimbi kunye nentsimbi ukuba zihlangabezane ngokungenamthungo neenjongo zokukhutshwa kwegesi, ngakumbi njengoko ukuthotyelwa kokukhutshwa kwegesi kumbhobho kujongwa phantsi kwemiyalelo engqongqo yolawulo lokukhutshwa kwegesi yombhobho.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-14-2026
