Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo oluhambelanayo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle, ngokukhuselekileyo, nangokuhambelanayo kwezityalo ezinkulu ze-biogas, njengoko kuvumela ukujonga ngexesha langempela amandla oxinzelelo kuzo zonke izigaba zokubiliswa kwe-anaerobic kunye nokucubungula i-biogas—ukufumanisa ukuguquguquka okubangelwa kukungahambelani kokutya, ukuvaleka, ukunyuka kwegesi, okanye ukuvuza okusongelayo.i-methaneisivuno, ukuthembeka kwezixhobo, kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi.
Isityalo seBiogesi esikhulu
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Iziseko zokuBiliswa kwe-Anaerobic kunye nokuVeliswa kweMethane
I-anaerobicinkqubo yokubilisaUkuveliswa kwe-biogas yeyona teknoloji iphambili kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwezityalo ze-biogas ezinkulu. Le nkqubo iguqula ukutya okuphilayo—okufana neentsalela zezolimo, udaka, okanye inkunkuma yokutya—kube yi-biogas xa kungekho oxygen ngokulungiselela i-complex microbial consortia. I-Methane yinxalenye ephambili ye-biogas, eveliswa ngothotho lweempendulo zebhayoloji ezenzeka kwizigaba ezine ezilandelelanayo: i-hydrolysis, i-acidogenesis, i-acetogenesis, kunye ne-methanogenesis.
Ngexesha le-hydrolysis, iimolekyuli ze-organic ezintsonkothileyo ezifana neecarbohydrate, iiproteni, kunye namafutha ziyahlulwahlulwa yi-hydrolytic bacteria zibe zii-monomers ezilula, kubandakanya iiswekile, ii-amino acids, kunye nee-fatty acids. Eli nyathelo libaluleke kakhulu kuba kuphela izinto eziphilayo ezinyibilikayo ezinokudlula kwii-membrane zeseli kwaye zingene kwi-metabolism ye-microbial. Okulandelayo, i-acidogenesis iqhubela phambili ukucubungula ezi monomers, iziguqula zibe zii-volatile fatty acids, ii-alcohols, i-hydrogen, i-carbon dioxide, kunye ne-ammonia. Kukule nqanaba apho umngcipheko wokukhutshwa kwe-ammonia kunye nokwenziwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen sulfide uqala khona, okwenza ukufunyanwa kwegesi kunye nolawulo lokukhutshwa kubalulekile ukuze inkqubo izinze kwaye kuthintelwe ukugqwala kwiindawo ze-biogas zoshishino.
I-Acetogenesis linqanaba lesithathu apho ii-variable fatty acids kunye ne-alcohols ziguqulwa yi-acetogenic bacteria zibe yi-acetic acid, i-hydrogen, kunye ne-carbon dioxide. Eli nyathelo libuthathaka kakhulu kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo; ukuqokelelwa kweemveliso eziphakathi kunokuthintela umsebenzi weentsholongwane. I-Methanogenesis ilandela njengenqanaba lokugqibela, apho i-methanogenic archaea iguqula i-acetic acid, i-hydrogen, kunye ne-carbon dioxide ibe yi-methane kunye nomphunga wamanzi. Ubukho bomphunga wamanzi ogcweleyo kunye ne-carbon dioxide kwi-biogas ephumayo kufuna ukubekwa esweni nokulawulwa okuqhubekayo, njengoko ukugxila kwazo okugqithisileyo kunokuchaphazela zombini ukuthembeka kwezixhobo kunye nomgangatho we-biogas.
Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokuvelisa i-methane kwizityalo zanamhlanje kudla ngokubandakanya iindlela ezifana nokugaya ukutya kunye—ukudibanisa izinto ezininzi ukuze kulinganiswe izondlo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenzisana kweentsholongwane—kunye nokuqinisa unyango ngaphambi konyango, okwenza izinto eziphilayo ezintsonkothileyo zifikeleleke lula kwiintsholongwane. Ezi ndlela zivumela abaqhubi ukuba bonyuse isivuno se-biogas, baphucule uzinzo lwenkqubo, kwaye balawule umahluko kwiimpawu zokutya, njengoko kungqinwa luncwadi olupheleleyo lwamva nje.
Izixhobo zokufaka i-inline ngexesha langempela zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokubilisa kunye nokuveliswa kwegesi ye-methane ethembekileyo. I-inline pressure transmitter isoloko ijonga uxinzelelo lwegesi ngaphakathi kwi-digester, inceda ekufumaneni ukuphambuka okubangelwa kukuvalwa, ukuguquguquka kokutya, okanye ukuvaleka kwepayipi okunokwenzeka. Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile ekukhokeleni ukuvaleka kwepayipi kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo yokuntywiliselwa kwamanzi emvula, ukutyibilika kobushushu, kunye nokungcangcazela kwendalo yangaphandle okunokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokulinganisa. Ii-inline temperature transmitters zivumela ulawulo oluqinileyo lobushushu be-reactor, oluchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amazinga omsebenzi weentsholongwane; nokuba utshintsho oluncinci lobushushu lunokubangela ukutyibilika okungashukumiyo kwiisensor zoxinzelelo okanye lunciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo iyonke.
Izithumeli zenqanabaukulandelela umthamo wodaka okanye ukugaywa ngaphakathi kwi-reactor, ukubonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo yokuthintela ukugcwala okanye ukuzaliswa okungaphelelanga okunokuphazamisa imeko-bume ye-anaerobic. Iimitha zoxinzelelo zilinganisa ukwakheka kwe-biogas, okuvumela ukujonga amanqanaba e-carbon dioxide, i-methane, kunye ne-hydrogen sulfide ukuze kusebenze amanyathelo okunciphisa ngokukhawuleza. Iimitha zoxinano oluphakathi ezenziwe yiLonnmeter zisetyenziselwa ukumiselauxinano lwe-slurryokanye imixube ye-biogas, enika igalelo elibalulekileyo ekubaleni okunxulumene nemveliso yegesi, amazinga okuhamba kobunzima, kunye namaqhinga okulawula inkqubo.
Zizonke, ezi zixhobo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo zixhasaukujonga uxinzelelo rhoqoiinkqubo zezicelo zoshishino ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo, ngokufanelekileyo, nangokuphuculiweyo kwezityalo ze-biogas zoshishino. Zinceda abaqhubi ukuba balawule ngokuqinileyo izinto eziguquguqukayo zenkqubo, basebenzise ulawulo oluqinileyo lokukhupha i-ammonia, benze ukulinganiswa kwesensor ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye bakhusele izixhobo kwimiphumo yokugqwala, umphunga ogcweleyo, kunye nezinye iingozi zokusebenza ezifunyanwa kwimveliso enkulu ye-methane.
Functi-ions ka Ukubeka iliso kuxinzelelo rhoqo
Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kuxinzelelo kubalulekile kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwesityalo esikhulu se-biogas. Kwiinkqubo zokubilisa i-anaerobic kwimveliso ye-biogas, uninzi lwee-reactors ze-methane zisebenza phakathi koxinzelelo lwe-0.1 kunye ne-1.5 bar gauge, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-digester kunye nezixhobo ezisezantsi. Kufuneka ii-inline pressure transmitters ezinokuthenjwa, njengoko uxinzelelo luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo lweentsholongwane, isivuno se-biogas, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuvelisa i-methane.
Ukutshintshatshintsha koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwi-digester kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweendlela zokuvelisa igesi ye-methane. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lunokuthintela ukwakheka kwegesi, ngelixa ukwehla koxinzelelo kunokubonisa ukuvuza okanye ukukhutshwa kwegesi okungalawulwayo. Zombini ezi meko zisongela umgangatho wemveliso kwaye zibeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko. Ii-inline pressure transmitters zihlala zilandelela uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-reactor, zixhasa iimeko zokugaya ezizinzileyo ze-anaerobic ukugcina umsebenzi ofanelekileyo weentsholongwane kunye nokusasazwa kwezondlo. Uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo luyimfuneko ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhutshwa kwe-ammonia, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-carbon dioxide, kunye nokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba egesi ye-hydrogen sulfide.
Iingenelo zokusebenzisa iindlela ezizimeleyo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso kunye nezixhobo kwimveliso ye-biogas ziquka ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza iimeko zoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo—ukuthintela ukusilela koomatshini okanye ukuqhekeka kwenqanawa. Ii-inline transmitters zinokuchonga iziganeko zenkqubo engaqhelekanga, njengokukhutshwa kwegesi ngequbuliso (okubangelwa kukushukuma, iimpazamo zoomatshini, okanye ukuqokelelwa kwegesi), ukwakheka kwefoam okunokubeka emngciphekweni wokuvala iivalvu kunye nemibhobho, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo okanye ukuvaleka—okuluncedo ekunciphiseni ingozi kunye nokuthintela ixesha elibizayo lokungasebenzi kwimisebenzi eqhubekayo.
Itekhnoloji yokudlulisa uxinzelelo oluhambelanayo neyanamhlanje, eguquguqukayo kakhulu, ihlala ithembekile kwiindawo ezifuna i-biogas. Ezi sensor zenzelwe ukumelana nokushukuma komlinganiselo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kobushushu, iziphumo zokungcangcazela kwendalo, ukuntywiliselwa kwamanzi emvula, kunye nomphunga wamanzi agcweleyo—okuqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezinkulu zokufakelwa kwee-reactor zangaphandle. Izindlu ezikhuselayo, iindlela zokulinganisa ukushukuma eziphucukileyo, kunye noyilo lwe-sensor olulungiselelwe ngokukodwa i-biogas media zithintela iimpazamo ekuvalekeni kwemibhobho ekhokela uxinzelelo kunye nokubola. Ii-sensors ezihambelanayo zeLonnmeter zakhelwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwezi ndawo zinzima neziguquguqukayo, ezinegalelo kulawulo lwenkqubo oluchanekileyo, imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo, kunye nokuphuculwa kokuphuma kwe-methane.
Imingeni ephambili ekulinganisweni koxinzelelo kunye nokusebenza kwezivamvo
Iingozi zeNdalo: H2S, CO2, Ammonia, Umphunga wamanzi, Umhlwa
I-Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) yenye yezona zinto zinamandla kakhulu ezifunyanwa kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwezityalo ze-biogas ezinkulu. I-H2S ibangela ukubola kwe-sensor ngokukhawuleza, okunokubangela ukusilela kwenkqubo kunye nokuphazamisa iinkqubo zokujonga uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kwizicelo zoshishino. Ukuhambelana kwezinto kubalulekile: amanqanaba entsimbi engenasici efana ne-316L kunye ne-Hastelloy akhethwa ukumelana ne-H2S, ngelixa abavelisi bee-sensor besebenzisa ii-coatings ezikhethekileyo okanye ii-alloys zokukhusela okongeziweyo. Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga okunciphisa i-H2S—njengokuhlafuna phezulu okanye imiqobo yeekhemikhali yendawo—kunceda ukwandisa ubomi be-sensor kwiinkqubo zokubilisa i-anaerobic kwimveliso ye-biogas.
Ukongeza kwi-H2S, umphunga wamanzi ogcweleyo kunye ne-carbon dioxide (CO2) zinefuthe lokubola kwiisensa. Umphunga wamanzi ungangena kwiisensa kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqokeleleni komswakama, ukuphazamiseka kobushushu, kunye nokufundwa okungaguqukiyo. Ukukhetha iisensa ezine-ingress protection eqinileyo (IP65 okanye ngaphezulu), iisensa ezivalekileyo, kunye nemiqobo yokuthintela amanzi kubalulekile. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kokuthintela—kubandakanya ukuhlolwa komonakalo womphunga kunye nokutshintshwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kweesensa ezisengozini—kuphucula kakhulu ubomi beesensa kunye nokuthembeka kwazo.
I-CO2, ingakumbi ekhoyo kwiindawo zokugaya ukutya ezingena-anaerobic, ikhawulezisa ukugqwala ngokwenziwa kwe-carbonic acid. Ukusebenzisa iintsimbi ezinganyangekiyo nokugqwala kunye neendawo ezingezizo zesinyithi, ezifana nee-PTFE gaskets, kunika isithintelo ekuwohlokeni okubangelwa yi-CO2. Ukucoca rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kunceda ekufumaneni iimpawu zokuqala zokugqwala kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo ekusebenzeni kwe-sensor.
I-Ammonia inemingeni emibini kwiindlela zokuvelisa igesi ye-methane. Okokuqala, ibangela uhlaselo lweekhemikhali, ukuwohloka kwemiphezulu yesensa. Okwesibini, i-ammonia inokubangela iidiphozithi zekristale ezithintela iiprobe zesensa kwaye ziphazamise ukufundwa koxinzelelo oluchanekileyo. Izixhobo ezenzelwe iindawo ezine-ammonia kufuneka zibe neengubo zokuthintela ezikhethiweyo kunye nezinto ezimanzi ngeekhemikhali. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka komlinganiselo kwezi ndawo kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia kunye nokwenza ngcono inkqubo yokuvelisa i-methane iyonke.
Kuzo zonke izinto ezingcolisayo, ukuthintela ukugqwala kufuna uyilo oluphambili lwesensa kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezicocekileyo. Ukusebenzisa izindlu zokukhusela ezibiyelweyo, ii-diaphragms zokwahlukanisa ezizinzileyo ngamakhemikhali, kunye neengubo ezininzi kudala isensa ezinzileyo efanelekileyo kwizakhiwo ze-biogas zoshishino. Iinkqubo zokulungisa kufuneka zibandakanye ukuhlolwa okucwangcisiweyo kokugqwala, ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo kwiisensa ezichaphazelekileyo, kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko wokusingqongileyo olulungiselelwe isigaba ngasinye senkqubo.
Iimpazamo ezinxulumene nezixhobo: Ukuvaleka, ukutyibilika, kunye nokungcangcazela
Ukuvaleka kwemibhobho ekhokela uxinzelelo yeyona nto iphambili kwiimpazamo zokulinganisa kwiindlela zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso kunye nezixhobo. Ukuvaleka kwenzeka ngenxa yokwakheka kwezinto eziqinileyo (umz., i-biofilm, i-grit, i-precipitates) kwaye kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukufikelela kwe-sensor kuxinzelelo lwenkqubo. Izisombululo eziphambili kukuhambisa izixhobo ngendlela efikelelekayo, ukucoca imibhobho rhoqo ngeendlela zokucoca okanye zokucoca, kunye neempawu zoyilo ezifana neendawo zokucoca okanye iityhubhu ezibanzi. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo okubonakalayo kunye namaxesha okucoca kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inkqubo yokuvelisa i-methane.
Ukushukuma kobushushu kuchaphazela izinzwa zoxinzelelo ngokubangela utshintsho olusisiseko okanye iimpazamo ezingaphelelanga. Ukuguquguquka kobushushu obuphakathi kunye nobokusebenza kunokubangela ukuba izixhobo zesinzwa zande okanye zinciphe, nto leyo echaphazela ukuchaneka. Amashishini ajongana noku ngeendlela zokulinganisa ukushukuma ezingaphelelanga—ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo lwesalathiso phantsi kweemeko ezizinzileyo kunye nokuseta kwakhona isiseko sesinzwa ngombane okanye ngoomatshini. Ukusebenzisa uyilo lwesinzwa oluhlawulelwa bubushushu kunye nemigca yoxinzelelo olukhuselayo kunciphisa ukwahluka kobushushu.
Ukungcangcazela kwendalo yenye ingxaki enkulu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisebenzisa izixhobo ezijikelezayo ngesantya esiphezulu. Ukungcangcazela kudluliselwa kwimizimba yeesensa okanye kwiindawo zokufakela, kuvelisa imiqondiso yobuxoki okanye ukufihla utshintsho loxinzelelo lokwenyani. Iindlela ezilungileyo zokunciphisa ezi ziphumo ziquka ukufakwa okuqinileyo kwiindawo ezixineneyo, ukwahlula uqhagamshelo kusetyenziswa ii-couplings eziguquguqukayo, kunye nokuphepha ukubeka kwizakhelo zezixhobo okanye iipayipi ezingagqunywanga. Ukufaka iisensa kumgama ofanelekileyo ukusuka kwimithombo yokungcangcazela kuyacetyiswa ukuze kufunyanwe ngokuchanekileyo iindlela zokuvelisa igesi ye-methane.
Ukuntywiliselwa emanzini emvula kubangela imingeni enzima ekufakweni kweesensa zangaphandle kwiinkqubo zokujonga uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kwizicelo zoshishino. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide emvuleni kunokubangela ii-shorts zombane, ukugqwala, kunye nokungaphumeleli kweesensa. Amanyathelo okuchasa aquka ukusebenzisa izindlu zeesensa ezimelana nemozulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zokungena zine-gaskets eziqinileyo kunye nezitywino ze-gland, kunye nokusebenzisa ii-conformal coatings kwi-electronics ezinobuthathaka. La manyathelo abalulekile ukugcina ukuthembeka kwesensa yoxinzelelo kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwesityalo esikhulu se-biogas.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweZixhobo eziPhakathi zoLawulo oluBanzi lweNkqubo
Icebo elibanzi lokulawula inkqubo kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwezityalo ze-biogas ezinkulu lixhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni okucwangcisiweyo kweemitha zoxinzelelo ezikwimigca, iimitha zoxinano olukwimigca, ii-transmitters zenqanaba elikwimigca, kunye nee-transmitters zoxinzelelo olukwimigca kunye nobushushu. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesensor lubonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela, xa idityanisiwe, idala ukuqonda okupheleleyo kwenkqubo yokubilisa i-anaerobic kwimveliso ye-biogas.
Iimitha zoxinzelelo ezikwimigcakwayeILonnmeterIimitha zoxinano olungaphakathi zilandelela iiparameter ezibalulekileyo ezifana noxinano lwemethane kunye noxinano lweslurry. Oku kwazisa ngokuthe ngqo abaqhubi malunga nemeko yeendlela zokuvelisa igesi yemethane. Umzekelo, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kuxinano okanye uxinano lwegesi lunokubonisa ukuphambuka kwenkqubo okanye iingozi, okuvumela ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza ukugcina ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yokuvelisa imethane.
Iitransmitter ezikwi-inline level zihlala zijonga amanqanaba e-substrate ngaphakathi kwee-digesters kunye neetanki zokugcina. Ngokulungelelanisa ezi zibalo nemiqondiso evela kwiitransmitter zoxinzelelo olukwi-inline kunye nobushushu, abaqhubi abathinteli kuphela ukugcwala okanye ukuvalwa okuphantsi, kodwa bakwalungisa imijikelo yokufaka kunye nokujikeleza kwe-feedstock ukuze kufumaneke i-peak methane.
Inethiwekhi edibeneyo kakuhle yee-inline sensors iphucula kakhulu ukusombulula iingxaki. Ukuba uxinzelelo luqala ukutshintsha ngokungalindelekanga, idatha evela kwiimitha zoxinano oluphakathi ingabonisa izizathu ezinokubakho, ezifana nokuqokelelwa komphunga wamanzi agcweleyo, ukwakheka kwefoam, okanye ukwakheka kwezinto eziqinileyo. Ii-transmitters zobushushu zinceda ukwahlula impembelelo yokushukuma kobushushu kwii-pressure sensors kutshintsho loxinzelelo olunxulumene nenkqubo, zixhasa ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nesenzo sokulungisa.
Olu manyano lubalulekile ekufumaneni nasekunciphiseni igesi ye-hydrogen sulfide kwizityalo ze-biogas. Iimitha zoxinzelelo ezikwimigca zibonisa ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-H₂S anokonakalisa izixhobo okanye achaphazele ukusetyenziswa kwegesi. Zihambelana nedatha yoxinano kunye noxinzelelo, abaqhubi bafumana izilumkiso kwangethuba kwiimeko ezivumela ukuveliswa kwe-H₂S, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukungenelela okuxhasa ukuthintela ukugqwala kwizakhiwo ze-biogas zoshishino.
Izixhobo ezikwimigca zikwaphucula ukujonga nokulawula i-carbon dioxide kwii-digesters ze-anaerobic. Ingxelo yexesha langempela kwiipesenti ze-CO₂ ikhokela uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo ukugcina ubunyulu be-methane buphezulu. Ukulawula ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia kwizityalo ze-biogas, inqanaba, uxinano, kunye nokufundwa koxinzelelo kunye kubonisa iimeko ezingaqhelekanga ze-substrate, okuxhasa isenzo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Olu kusabela lubalulekile ekugcineni ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nokhuseleko, ngakumbi malunga nokukhutshwa komoya kunye nokhuseleko lwezityalo.
Ukongeza, iinkqubo zokujonga uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso ziyazuza kwidatha yesenzi esincedisayo. Iindlela zokulinganisa ukutyibilika kwe-zero kwiisenzi zemizi-mveliso kunye nembuyekezo yeziphumo zokungcangcazela kwendalo ekuchanekeni komlinganiselo woxinzelelo zixhaswa yidatha yereferensi evela kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezikwimigca engezantsi. Ukufundwa okucwangcisiweyo okukwimigca engezantsi kukwanceda ekuchongeni izizathu kunye nezisombululo zokuvaleka kwemibhobho ekhokela uxinzelelo, njengoko ukungangqinelani kwinqanaba kunye noxinzelelo kubonakalisa ukuvaleka okanye ukuvuza. Kwiifektri zangaphandle, ukuhlanganiswa kokhuseleko lokuntywiliselwa kwamanzi emvula kwiisenzi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo nangona kukho imingeni yokusingqongileyo.
Ngokuvisisanisa idatha evela kwezi zixhobo zahlukeneyo, abaqhubi bagcina ukhuseleko lwenkqubo, baphucula imveliso ye-methane, kwaye baqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okuqhubekayo—ukubonelela ngolawulo oluqinileyo kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zemveliso ye-biogas.
Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo oluphakathi kweLonnmeter: Izisombululo eziphambili zokuveliswa kwegesi yeMethane
Ii-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters zenzelwe ukujongana neenyani ezinzima zoyilo kunye nokusebenza kwezityalo ze-biogas ezinkulu. Kwezi meko, iikhemikhali ezinamandla, umphunga wamanzi ogcweleyo, amaqondo obushushu atshintshatshintshayo, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-hydrogen sulfide kubeka uvavanyo kwiinkqubo zokujonga uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo. Ii-Lonnmeter transmitters zakhiwe ngamalungu amanzi angangenisi umhlwa, aqheleke kwi-316L stainless steel ene-optional high-grade surface coatings, ukuze zinyamezele ukuvezwa rhoqo kwi-hydrogen sulfide kunye ne-ammonia—izinto ezikhawulezisa ukonakala kwe-sensor ukuba azijongwanga. Izindlu zazo kunye neendawo zazo zokunxibelelana ngekhebula zibonelela ngokhuseleko lokungena emanzini emvula, olubalulekileyo ekufakweni ngaphandle apho ukuthintela imozulu kungenakuchaphazeleka.
Inkqubo yokubilisa i-anaerobic kwimveliso ye-biogas idala iindawo zokulinganisa ezintsonkothileyo. Ii-transmitter ze-Lonnmeter zisingatha ukufuma okuphezulu, i-CO₂ eguquguqukayo, kunye nokunyuka koxinzelelo ngequbuliso, zigcina uzinzo nangona umphunga wamanzi agcweleyo kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu kusongela ukuchaneka. Izinto ze-sensor ezikhethekileyo zinciphisa ukushukuma kobushushu, ngelixa izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zicinezela ngakumbi imiphumo yokungcangcazela kwendalo kunye nokushukuma okungekho. I-Lonnmeter ikwaqonda umngeni wokuvaleka kwemibhobho ekhokela uxinzelelo—okubangelwa kukuxinana kwemidiya okanye iiprecipitates eziqinileyo—inikezela ngoyilo oluqinileyo lokufaka ngqo ukunciphisa ukugcinwa kunye nokukhusela ukuthembeka kokulinganisa, nokuba phantsi kwamanqanaba odaka okanye i-foam aguquguqukayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo neenkqubo ze-SCADA zezityalo kunye neenkqubo ze-PLC kuthetha ukuba ii-transmitters zeLonnmeter zixhasa iiprotokholi ezifanayo zoshishino, ezifana ne-4–20 mA analog kunye neModbus, ukuze kufunyanwe idatha ngexesha langempela. Oku kuhambelana kuvumela uqhagamshelo lwesityalo ngokubanzi, ukudibanisa ii-transmitters zoxinzelelo nezinye izixhobo ezingaphakathi-ezifana neemitha zoxinano kunye ne-viscosity ezivela kwiLonnmeter-ukudala i-united optimization suite yenkqubo yokuvelisa i-methane. Nge-inline pressure monitoring pressure control process logic echanekileyo, abaqhubi banokulungisa ii-feedstocks, amazinga okuphazamiseka, okanye amaqhinga okukhupha umoya ngokuguquguqukayo, ukuxhasa i-methane ephezulu, ulawulo oluqinileyo lokukhupha i-ammonia, kunye namanqanaba e-carbon dioxide aphuculweyo kwi-anaerobic digesters.
Iingenelo ezisebenzayo zokusebenzisa ii-transmitters ze-Lonnmeter ezikwi-inline zibonakala kwiimilinganiselo zokusebenza kwezityalo. Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo ophendulayo nozinzileyo wenza ukuba ulawulo lwenkqubo lube nzima, lunyuse isivuno se-methane kwaye lunciphise ukuguquguquka kwiindlela zokuvelisa igesi ye-methane. Ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo lunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elinxulunyaniswa nokugqwala, ukuvaleka kwemibhobho ekhokelayo, okanye ukungaphumeleli kwe-sensor. Ubomi obongezelelweyo be-sensor, ngenxa yezixhobo eziphezulu kunye nembuyekezo esebenzayo yokushukuma kobushushu kunye nokungcangcazela kokusingqongileyo, kubangela ukuba kunciphe ukutshintshwa kwe-sensor okuphazamisayo. Izilumkiso zenkqubo esebenzayo eziqhutywa kukufumanisa okungaqhelekanga ngokuchanekileyo zinciphisa ukuvalwa kwengxakeko, zinciphisa iindleko zokulungisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle zombini ezi zinto ziyanceda. Isilumkiso kwangethuba malunga nokuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen sulfide okanye ukunyuka kokukhutshwa kwe-ammonia kuvumela ukunciphisa ngexesha, ukukhusela izixhobo kunye nokuhlangabezana nokuthobela imiqathango yokusingqongileyo. Ukufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kokungena kwamanzi emvula okanye amanqanaba okugcwala angaqhelekanga kukhuthaza ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza, kunciphisa amathuba okusilela kwezixhobo ezimbi.
Zenzelwe iimfuno zeendlela zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso kunye nezixhobo, ii-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters zibonelela ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuthembeka okuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo ekongeni ukusebenza kwabavelisi be-biogas, zixhasa ukuveliswa kwamandla okonga iindleko kunye nokuveliswa kwe-methane okuzinzileyo kwinqanaba.
Ufakelo Olucetyiswayoyokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluphakathi
Ukubekwa ngokugqibeleleyo kwee-inline pressure transmitters kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwezityalo ze-biogas ezinkulu kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo olusebenzayo lwenkqubo. Iindawo ezifanelekileyo ze-transmitter zixhasa inkqubo yokuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic kwimveliso ye-biogas kwaye zibalulekile kwiinkqubo zokujonga uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kwizicelo zoshishino.
Ukubekwa kufuneka kujongwane namanqaku abalulekileyo kumjelo wenkqubo: ngaphambi kwe-anaerobic digester (ukujonga uxinzelelo lwe-feedstock), ngaphakathi kwe-digester (ukubamba amandla okubila), kwangoko phantsi kwe-digester (ukulandelela iindlela zokuvelisa igesi ye-methane), kunye neeyunithi zokucoca igesi ngaphambi nasemva kwayo (ezifana ne-hydrogen sulfide okanye i-carbon dioxide scrubbers). Olu lwakhiwo luvumela impendulo ethe ngqo yokwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yokuvelisa i-methane ngokuvumela ukubonwa ngokukhawuleza koxinzelelo, ukwehla kancinci kancinci ngenxa yokungcola, okanye ukuvuza okusongela ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ukubeka indawo yokubeka kubalulekile; ii-sensors kufuneka zifakwe zimi nkqo xa kunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukuqokelelana kolwelo kwiindawo zoxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo yomphunga wamanzi ogcweleyo, onokuphazamisa imilinganiselo okanye ubangele ukugqwala. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iintambo zivaliwe ngokuqinileyo kubalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia kunye ne-biogas, okufaka isandla ekugugeni kwezixhobo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemigca emifutshane, ethe tye xa kuyimfuneko kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuvaleka kwee-particles, kunye nokuthintela izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuvaleka kwepayipi ekhokela uxinzelelo.
Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso kufuneka zikhuselwe kwiingozi zokusingqongileyo ezixhaphakileyo kwiindawo ze-biogas. Ukwahlulwa kokungcangcazela kunciphisa ukungachaneki kwentshukumo yepompo okanye yecompressor, ngelixa iindawo ezivalekileyo eziqinileyo nezingenawo umoya zikhusela ekuntywilisweni kwamanzi emvula kwiindawo zangaphandle. Iintambo kunye nezitywino zezindlu kufuneka ziqinisekise ukhuseleko ekuntywilisweni nasekungeneni kothuli.
Ukushukuma kobushushu yenye ingozi. Iindlela zokufakela kufuneka zigcine iitransmitter zingangeni elangeni ngqo kwaye zingabikho kwiindawo ezishushu ezikufutshane neenjini okanye iiflares, nto leyo enciphisa ukushukuma okungenakho ubushushu. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokulinganisa ukushukuma okungenakho ubushushu mazichazwe, kusetyenziswa amanqaku okubhekisa okanye amacandelo acocekileyo eepayipi ukuze kumiselwe imilinganiselo yokuqala yokulinganisa kwakhona.
Ukudibanisa izinzwa zoxinzelelo nezinye izixhobo ezingaphakathi ezifana nenqanaba, ubushushu, uxinano lwe-methane, uxinano (kubandakanya iimitha zoxinano lwe-Lonnmeter), kunye nezifumani zegesi ze-hydrogen sulfide kunika umbono opheleleyo wenkqubo. Ukubekwa kwezi sensors kufuneka kuqwalasele iimeko zokuhamba kwengingqi, kuthintelwe ukuxinana okunokutshintsha idatha okanye kudale ukulibaziseka kwempendulo. Umzekelo, iimitha zoxinano zifuna ukuhamba okuzinzileyo, okungenamaqamza—ukufaka zombini iimitha zoxinzelelo kunye noxinano ngaxeshanye kwiindawo ezithe tye, ezixutywe kakuhle kuqinisekisa ukubhekisa okuthembekileyo kwaye kuphucula impendulo yenkqubo iyonke.
Ukuthintela ukugqwala kufuneka kujongwane nokubekwa kweliso lokwakheka kwegesi; ihydrogen sulfide, iammonia, kunye necarbon dioxide zinokuwonakalisa umphezulu we-sensor ovezwe ngaphandle. Ukukhethwa kwee-alloys ezinganyangekiyo ngamakhemikhali kwiindawo ezimanzi, kunye nokubekwa kwe-sensor enobuchule ngaphandle kweendawo ezine-corrosion ephezulu, kwandisa ubomi be-sensor kwaye kugcina ukuchaneka.
Ukudibanisa zonke iindlela zokulinganisa ezicwangcisiweyo, kunye nokulandela ezi ndlela zibalaseleyo zokubeka nokufaka, kuxhasa ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo nokuchanekileyo kwenkqubo yokugaya i-anaerobic kunye namanyathelo okucubungula igesi alandelayo, okubeka isiseko sokuphucula imveliso ye-methane kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo, ixesha elide kwinqanaba.
Cela Ixabiso: Phucula Imveliso Yakho yeMethane ngeLonnmeter
Ii-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters zichaza ngokutsha ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwezityalo ze-biogas ezinkulu. Ngezixhobo eziqinileyo nezimelana nokugqwala, ezi transmitters zimelana negesi ye-hydrogen sulfide, umphunga wamanzi ogcweleyo, kunye neekhemikhali ezirhabaxa eziqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yokubilisa i-anaerobic kwimveliso ye-biogas. Uyilo lwazo olungaphakathi lumelana nokuvaleka kwezinto eziqinileyo kunye ne-condensates, zixhasa ukujonga ngexesha langempela ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kuzo zonke iindlela zokuvelisa igesi ye-methane ezifunekayo.
Ii-transmitter zeLonnmeter zibonelela ngemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo eqhubekayo nechanekileyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ulawulo lwenkqubo olukhawulezileyo lokujonga i-carbon dioxide kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia, kuphakamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi. Iindlela zabo zokulinganisa ukutyibilika kwe-zero kunye neendawo eziqinileyo zilwa nokutyibilika kobushushu kunye nokungcangcazela kokusingqongileyo, zigcina ukuchaneka okuzinzileyo nakwiindawo zangaphandle ezivezwe kumanzi emvula kunye nothuli. Ezi mpawu zithintela ukulahleka kwedatha kwaye zinciphisa iindlela zokulungisa ezibizayo ezidla ngokubangelwa kukusilela kwesensor okanye ukuvaleka kwemibhobho ekhokela uxinzelelo.
Abaphathi beenkqubo, iinjineli zezityalo, kunye nabanini bezakhiwo ze-biogas abafuna ukuphucula iindlela zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso kunye nezixhobo zokuphucula inkqubo yokuvelisa i-methane banokuzuza kwizisombululo ze-sensor zeLonnmeter ezenzelwe wena. Cela ingcebiso okanye ikowuteshini yakho namhlanje—isibonelelo ngasinye sihlengahlengiswe ngokweemfuno ezithile zesakhiwo sakho ukuze sisebenze ngokungenamkhethe.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
- Kutheni ukulinganisa uxinzelelo oluphakathi kubalulekile kwi-anaerobic digesters kwizityalo ze-biogas?
Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo oluphakathi kubalulekile ekugcineni iimeko zokubilisa ezizinzileyo ze-anaerobic, njengoko ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo kubonisa ngokuthe ngqo imiba efana nokungahambelani kokutya, ukuvaleka kwemibhobho, ukuvela kwegesi, okanye ukuvuza. Ezi ndawo zedatha zexesha langempela zixhasa umsebenzi olungileyo weentsholongwane, zithintela ukuveliswa kwe-methane ecinezelweyo kwiingcinezelo eziphezulu, kwaye ziphepha iingozi zokhuseleko ezivela ekukhutshweni kwegesi okungalawulekiyo—konke oku ngelixa kubeka isiseko semveliso ephezulu ye-biogas kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
- Zeziphi iingxaki eziphambili zokusingqongileyo ezijongene nazo ii-inline pressure transmitters kwimisebenzi yezityalo ze-biogas?
Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline kwizityalo ze-biogas kufuneka zimelane neemeko ezirhabaxa eziquka i-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) kunye nokugqwala okubangelwa yi-carbon dioxide, umphunga wamanzi ogcweleyo onokubangela ukwakheka komswakama kunye nokungaphumeleli kwe-sensor, ukushukuma kobushushu okujika ukufundwa, ukungcangcazela kwendalo okuvela kwizixhobo ezikwindawo, kunye nokuntywiliselwa kwamanzi emvula kwiindawo zangaphandle. Uyilo oluqinileyo (umz., izinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezingama-316L, ii-membranes ze-hydrophobic, izindlu ze-IP65+) ziyafuneka ukunciphisa ezi ngozi.
- Idatha yoxinzelelo oluphakathi inceda njani ukulawula ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziyingozi ezifana ne-H₂S, i-CO₂, kunye ne-ammonia kwizityalo ze-biogas?
Idatha yoxinzelelo isebenza njengenkqubo yokulumkisa kwangethuba kwiimeko ezibangela ukukhutshwa komoya okuyingozi: ukutshintsha koxinzelelo okungaqhelekanga kunokubonisa ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-H₂S (abangela ukugqwala), ukungalingani kwamanqanaba e-CO₂ (okunciphisa ubumsulwa be-methane), okanye umngcipheko wokukhululwa kwe-ammonia kwi-fermentation engazinzile. Xa idibene nezinye izinzwa ezingaphakathi (umz., iimitha zoxinzelelo), le datha ivumela amaqhinga okunciphisa ajoliswe kuwo—njengokuhlafuna i-H₂S phezulu okanye uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo yolawulo lwe-CO₂—ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nobude bexesha lezixhobo.
- Zeziphi iindlela zokulinganisa nokugcina ezifunekayo kwiitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline kwizibonelelo ze-biogas?
Ukuqinisekiswa rhoqo kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukuchaneka, ngaphandle kweendlela zokulinganisa ukushukuma ezisetyenziswayo ukuseta kwakhona iziseko zesensor phantsi kweemeko ezizinzileyo. Ukugcinwa kwakhona kuquka ukulungisa ukushukuma kobushushu ngokusebenzisa uyilo lwesensor oluhlawulelwayo, ukucoca rhoqo imibhobho ekhokela uxinzelelo ukuthintela ukuvaleka kwi-biofilm okanye ukwakheka kwezinto eziqinileyo, kunye nokuhlola izitywino/izindlu ukukhusela umphunga wamanzi kunye nokungena kwemvula. La manyathelo anciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwaye aqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwexesha elide.
- Ngaba ii-inline pressure transmitters zingadibana nezinye ii-sensors ukuphucula ulawulo lwenkqubo yesityalo se-biogas?
Ewe, ukudibanisa ii-inline pressure transmitters kunye ne-density, level, themp, kunye ne-concentration meter kudala inkqubo yokujonga inkqubo epheleleyo. Umzekelo, ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo kunye nedatha ye-density kunokuchonga ukwakheka kwe-foam okanye ukuqokelelwa komphunga wamanzi, ngelixa ukudibanisa uxinzelelo kunye nokufundwa kwamanqanaba kunceda ukuthintela ukugcwala kwe-digester okanye ukuzaliswa okungaphelelanga. Olu luhlu lwedatha oludibeneyo luxhasa ukusombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza, ukulungiswa okuchanekileyo kwe-feedstock, kunye nolawulo oluphuculweyo lokukhupha umbane—ekugqibeleni luphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezityalo kunye nemveliso ye-methane.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-08-2026
