Ukubeka iliso kuxinzelelo ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo yokucoca ipetroli. Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo olusemgceni kuqinisekisa ukubaiikholamu zokunyibilikisa, zombini umoya kunye ne-vacuum, zisebenza ngaphakathi kweeparamitha eziyiliweyo, zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wokwahlulwa kwemveliso kunye nemveliso iyonke yenkqubo.
Idatha yoxinzelelo oluqhubekayo noluchanekileyo oluphakathi ibalulekile ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilikisa ipetroli. Ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweekholamu zokunyibilikisa umoya kunokuchaphazela iindawo zokubila kunye nokulingana kwesigaba, okubangela ukwahlukana okungaphelelanga okanye iinxalenye zepetroli ezingachazwanga. Oku kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni komgangatho wemveliso, ukuncipha kwesivuno, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okwandisiweyo njengoko abaqhubi bezama ukulungisa ukuphambuka. Abathumeli boxinzelelo oluphakathi basabela ngokukhawuleza kuneenkqubo ezindala ezikude, bebonelela ngempendulo ethembekileyo kulawulo lwenkqubo kwaye banciphise ukulibaziseka okubangelwa yimigca ye-impulse kunye ne-gradients yobushushu. Oku kuchaneka kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bagcine umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womphunga-ulwelo kwaye bathintele ukuphazamiseka kokuqhekeka, okubalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwekholamu yokunyibilikisa umoya kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo yekholamu yokunyibilikisa umoya.
Iikholamu zokunyibilikisa ezisetyenziswa ekucoceni ioyile ekrwada
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Izinto ezisisiseko ze-Gasoline Distillation: Iikholamu ze-Atmospheric kunye ne-Vacuum Distillation
Ukunyibilikisa ipetroli kusekela indlela esebenza ngayo indawo yokuhluza ipetroli, yahlula ioyile ekrwada eyinkimbinkimbi ibe ziimveliso ezixabisekileyo ngokusebenzisa umahluko kwiindawo zokubila. Ikholamu yokunyibilikisa umoya linyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa ipetroli. Apha, ioyile ekrwada iyafudunyezwa kwaye ivuthwe kuxinzelelo olusondeleyo emoyeni. Njengoko umphunga unyuka kwikholamu, iitreyi okanye ukupakisha kwandisa unxibelelwano kwiindawo ezipholileyo, okubangela ukuxinana kwamaqhekeza anzima kumanqanaba aphantsi, ngelixa iihydrocarbons ezikhaphukhaphu—ezifana ne-naphtha (eyandulela ipetroli), i-parafini, kunye nedizili—ziqhubeka zinyuka ziye kwiindawo zazo zokuqokelela. Ukusebenza kwekholamu kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukwenziwa kweendawo zokuhluza, kunye nokwandiswa kwiindawo zokuhluza ezinkulu ngo-2024 kwandisa amandla kunye nokuphucula imveliso yepetroli kunye nezinye iindawo zokuhluza eziphambili.
Nje ukuba i-atmospheric distillation igqityiwe, intsalela enzima, engatshintshwanga ngumphunga idluliselwa kwikholamu ye-vacuum distillation. Isebenza phantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi, ikholamu ye-vacuum distillation ithintela ukuqhekeka kobushushu ngokunciphisa amaqondo okubila, ivumela ukuqhekeka okungakumbi kwezinto ezifana ne-oyile ezisisiseko zokuthambisa, ii-waxes, kunye ne-oyile yegesi enzima. Ngaphezulu kwe-80% yeendawo zokuhluza zanamhlanje zisebenzisa i-vacuum distillation kule nguqu ibalulekileyo yentsalela, igxininisa ukubaluleka kwayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle.indawo yokucoca ipetroliamanyathelo enkqubo.
Uxinzelelo lubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwekholamu yokunyibilikisa umoya kunye nenkqubo yekholamu yokunyibilikisa i-vacuum. Ukugcina uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukulingana komphunga-ulwelo okuqikelelweyo (VLE), okuvumela ukwahlukana ngokuchanekileyo kwee-hydrocarbons ngokuguquguquka kwazo. Uxinzelelo olungalunganga lunokutshintsha iindawo zokubila kwaye luthintele ukuqhekeka, okubangela umngcipheko weempendulo ezingafunekiyo okanye ukungaphumeleli ukwahlula iimveliso ezifunwayo. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwekholamu luyandisa indawo yokubila, enokukhokelela ekuwohlokeni kobushushu beenxalenye ezinobuthathaka. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iimeko ze-vacuum ziyawanciphisa amanqaku okubila, okuvumela ukwahlukana ngaphandle kokuguquka kwezinto ezinzima.
Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo nolwexesha langempela kubalulekile ukuze kuphuculwe inkqubo yokunyibilikisa ipetroli. Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso, ezifana neetransmitter zoxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo, zifakelwe kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ukuze zihlale zijonga umahluko woxinzelelo kunye nokuthembeka kwekholamu. Ezi zixhobo, kuquka iimodeli ezikhankanyiweyo kwisikhokelo sokufaka itransmitter yeRosemount 3051 kunyeUmthumeli woxinzelelo we-2088Iimpawu, zibonelela ngedatha ethembekileyo ekwi-intanethi yokulinganisa igesi kunye nolwelo, ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kwekholamu yokuhluza i-refinery. Izixhobo zangaphakathi zekholamu eziphambili—ezifana neetreyi eziphuculweyo kunye nokupakisha okucwangcisiweyo—kunye neenkqubo zokulawula iinkqubo ezidibeneyo ngoku zonyusa uzinzo loxinzelelo kwiiyunithi ze-vacuum, zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe banamhlanje bokulinganisa umgangatho kunye nokwenza ngcono isivuno.
Uphuhliso lwakutshanje kwitekhnoloji ye-vacuum distillation lugxile ekuphuculeni izinto zangaphakathi, ukwenza lula ulawulo loxinzelelo, kunye nokudibanisa ukujonga kwedijithali. Ukuphuculwa kokuzenzekela kunye nemodeli ebonakalayo kuxhasa ulawulo lwenkqubo yokuguquguquka, kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuphucula ukuhambelana kwemveliso. Ukwamkelwa okukhulayo kwe-vacuum distillation, ngoku esemgangathweni ekuguqulweni kwentsalela, kubonisa indima yayo ebalulekileyo njengenxalenye yamanyathelo enkqubo yokucoca ipetroli yokuvelisa amaqhezu anexabiso eliphezulu kwi-crude feeds eyinkimbinkimbi nenzima.
Ngamafutshane, ukusebenzisana kweekholamu zokunyibilikisa umoya kunye ne-vacuum, okulawulwa lulawulo loxinzelelo oluchanekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso ezikwi-intanethi, sisiseko seenkqubo zokunyibilikisa ipetroli. Ezi kholamu zixhasa ukuguquguquka kwefektri, ziphucula ubunyulu bemveliso, kwaye ziqhuba ukuphumelela kwayo ukuphendula kwiintlobo eziguqukayo zezinto ezingafunekiyo kunye neepateni zemfuno.
Imingeni ekulinganisweni koxinzelelo lwe-petroli distillation
Iinkqubo zokunyibilikisa ipetroli zenzeka kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwekholamu yokunyibilikisa umoya kuveza izixhobo zokulinganisa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, adla ngokudlula ama-400°C, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisezantsi zekholamu. Kwezi qondo lobushushu, izinto ze-elektroniki kunye nezitywino kwiitransmitter zoxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso zokulinganisa igesi kunye nolwelo zijongene nokuwohloka kunye nokushukuma kwepolymer, okunokuphazamisa ukuchaneka kunye nobomi.
Imozulu ekonakalisayo yongeza olunye ungqimba lobunzima. Izitya zokutya kwinkqubo yokucoca ipetroli ziqulathe iikhompawundi zesalfure kunye neekloride. Ezi zinto, zidityaniswe nomphunga wamanzi xa kushushu kakhulu, zenza ii-asidi ezikonakalisayo ezinokuhlasela iinkqubo zokulinganisa zesintu zesinyithi okanye ze-elastomer. Umzekelo, ii-diaphragms ze-sensor yoxinzelelo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo zinokuba nokugqwala okanye ukuqhekeka, ingakumbi kwiindawo zenkqubo ye-vacuum distillation column. Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ezifana nee-alloys ze-nickel eziphezulu okanye ii-diaphragms ze-ceramic kuba yinto ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwe-transmitter.
Amanyathelo enkqubo yokucoca ipetroli akwazisa iiprofayili zoxinzelelo ezitshintshatshintshayo nezihlala ziphazamisa ngenxa yokutshintsha kwamazinga okutya, uhlengahlengiso lokutsalwa, okanye utshintsho lomlinganiselo we-reflux. Ngexesha lokuhluzwa kwenkqubo yepetroli, ii-transients ezikhawulezayo kunye nokuhamba kwe-pulsing kunokufaka ingxolo kwimiqondiso yokulinganisa. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukulawula okuzinzileyo, kufuna abathumeli boxinzelelo abanempendulo ekhawulezayo, enamandla kunye nobuchule bokucoca bedijithali ukuze baxele uxinzelelo lwenkqubo yokwenyani ngoko nangoko.
Ukuthembela kungenelelo oluqhutywa ngesandla kwandisa umngcipheko wempazamo yomntu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zolawulo ezifana noxinzelelo lomphunga oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwemveliso ezantsi. Ukubhalwa okungaguqukiyo okanye ukufundwa okulibazisekileyo ngesandla kungenisa ukungaqiniseki, okuchaphazela ulawulo lomgangatho ngexesha langempela. Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezihlala ixesha elide, ezikwi-intanethi ngokupheleleyo zinciphisa lo mngcipheko ngokubonelela ngedatha eqhubekayo, yexesha langempela kubude bekholamu, zixhasa ukwenziwa ngcono kokusika imveliso kunye nocwangciso lokugcinwa kwekholamu yokuhluza izixhobo zokucocisa.
Ngenxa yokuba ukufundwa koxinzelelo olubalulekileyo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindawo zokusika kunye nemveliso, ukuthembeka kwesixhobo akunakuxoxiswana ngako. Ukungaphumeleli kwiitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezahlukeneyo zenkonzo yokuhluza kunokubangela ukuba izinto ezixutywayo ze-naphtha okanye ipetroli zingacaciswanga, oku kunyanzelisa ukuphinda kucutshungulwe okanye kulahlwe. Imfuneko yokunciphisa impazamo yokungenelela kunye nokulinganisa inamandla kakhulu kwiindawo zokulungisa kunye nokususa apho nokuba ukuphambuka koxinzelelo oluncinci kutshintsha ukulingana kwangaphakathi komphunga-ulwelo. Ukukhetha izixhobo eziqinileyo zezixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso kwi-intanethi, kunye nokulandela izikhokelo zokufakela ezichanekileyo, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuhambelana kwenkqubo.
Ngamafutshane, imingeni eyahlukileyo yenkqubo yokunyibilikisa ipetroli—ubushushu, iikhemikhali, kunye nokuguquguquka—ifuna iteknoloji ekhethekileyo yokulinganisa uxinzelelo. Kuphela zizixhobo zokudlulisela ezihlala ixesha elide, eziphendula ngokukhawuleza, kunye nezimelana nokugqwala, ezichazwe ngokuqhubekayo nangokusebenza kwi-intanethi kunye nokulungiswa okuncinci komntu, ezinokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide, okuncitshisiweyo kweempazamo kwezi ndawo zokuhluza.
IiTransmitters zoxinzelelo oluphakathi: Izisombululo zoLungiso lweNkqubo yokuCoca
Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezingaphakathi kweLonnmeter zenzelwe ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo, okuqinileyo, nokuqhubekayo, zixhasa inqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo yokucocwa kwepetroli. Ezi transmitter zenzelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo olufumaneka ekusebenzeni kwekholamu yokucocwa komoya kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwenkqubo yekholamu yokucocwa komoya. Ubuchwepheshe bazo obuphambili benzwa buqinisekisa iitransmitter zoxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso ezinokuthenjwa zokulinganisa igesi kunye nolwelo, zibonelela ngokuchaneka okuqhubekekayo nokuba zichatshazelwe kubushushu obutshintshatshintshayo, ukungcangcazela komzimba, kunye nongcoliseko lweekhemikhali.
Amandla okubeka esweni rhoqo iitransmitter zoxinzelelo zeLonnmeter anika ukuqonda kwangoko kwiinguqu zoxinzelelo eziqhelekileyo nezingaqhelekanga. Oku kwenza ukuba abaqhubi bakwazi ukulungisa ngokukhawuleza ukuhamba kwamanzi, imithwalo ye-condenser, okanye imisebenzi ye-reboiler kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa ipetroli. Ukufundwa koxinzelelo ngokuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lamanyathelo enkqubo yokucocwa kwepetroli apho ukugcwala kweekholamu, ukulila, okanye umonakalo wokupakisha kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kakuhle okanye kwiingozi zokusebenza.
Iimpawu eziphambili zoyilo ziphucula ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokuthembeka kwazo. Ii-transmitter zeLonnmeter zisebenzisa izinto ezichasene neekhemikhali ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nee-hydrocarbons ezinamandla kunye neearhente zokucoca ezidibana nazo ngexesha lokugcinwa kweekholamu ze-distillation yefektri. Ulwakhiwo lwazo oluqinileyo luvumela ukuthunyelwa kuzo zonke iindawo zeekholamu ze-distillation—nokuba zifakwe kufutshane neetreyi ezirhabaxa, kwimigca ephezulu, okanye kwiidraw ezikwicala le-vacuum. Iindibano ze-elektroniki eziphambili ngaphakathi kwee-transmitters ziququzelela ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha ngexesha langempela, zilungelelanisa ukuxilongwa kwaye zixhasa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo. Olu tshintsho lwempendulo ngexesha langempela lunika amandla abaqhubi ukuba baqhubeke nolawulo oluqinileyo kuzo zombini izicelo zekholamu zomoya kunye neze-vacuum.
Utshintsho olungenamthungo phakathi kwamanyathelo okunyibilikisa inkunkuma luxhomekeke kakhulu kwiiprofayili zoxinzelelo ezizinzileyo. Izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso ezichanekileyo nezikwi-intanethi zinokunceda abaqhubi ukuba balindele utshintsho kwi-equilibrium yomphunga-yolwelo, baphephe zombini iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga zemveliso kunye nokuvalwa okungacwangciswanga. Izixhobo zeLonnmeter ziyakuxhasa oku ngokugcina umkhondo ophezulu wotshintsho loxinzelelo ngamanyathelo okufudumeza, ukufuma, ukwahlulwahlulwa, kunye nokufuma. Oku kubalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa iindawo zokusika imveliso ezinenzuzo kakhulu ngexesha lokusebenza kwekholamu yokunyibilikisa inkunkuma.
Ukhuseleko lokusebenza luphuculwa kakhulu ngedatha yoxinzelelo olusemgceni ethembekileyo. Izinto ezibangela i-alamu ezifanelekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yohambo oluzenzekelayo zixhomekeke ekubekweni esweni ngexesha langempela, okunciphisa iingozi ezifana noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, ukuwa kwe-vacuum, kunye nokukhululwa kwe-hydrocarbon okunokwenzeka. Ngamafutshane, ii-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters zibonelela ngolwakhiwo oluqinileyo, iimpawu zobugcisa eziphambili, kunye nokuhlanganiswa okuqinileyo okufunekayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle, ngokukhuselekileyo, nangokufanelekileyo kweekholamu ze-petroli distillation—zibonelela ngezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo i-petroli refinery ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni.
I-Rosemount 3051vsUmthumeli woxinzelelo we-2088
IUmthumeli woxinzelelo olwahlukileyo weRosemount 3051licandelo eliphambili lokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo kwiinkqubo zokucocwa kwepetroli. Uyilo lwayo lugxininisa ukusebenza okuphezulu, luxhasa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana nokujonga ukuhla koxinzelelo kwiitreyi okanye iibhedi ezipakishiweyo zombini kumanyathelo okusebenza kwekholamu yokucocwa komoya kunye namanyathelo enkqubo yekholamu yokucocwa komoya. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu—ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwe-±0.04% yesithuba—kuqinisekisa ukuba notshintsho oluncinci loxinzelelo olubonisa inqanaba lolwelo, isantya sokuhamba, okanye uxinano luyafunyanwa, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwekholamu okuzinzileyo kunye nempendulo yexesha langempela kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwepetroli.
Inzuzo enkulu ye-Rosemount 3051 transmitter yi-enclosure yayo encinci neyomeleleyo, evumela ukufakwa kwiindawo ezixineneyo kwiikholamu zokucoca ngelixa igcina ukuthembeka kwexesha elide. Iiprotokholi zonxibelelwano zedijithali ezifana ne-HART kunye ne-Foundation Fieldbus zenza kube lula ukulinganisa, ukuxilongwa, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwiinkqubo zolawulo ezisasaziweyo. Oku kuxhasa ukugcinwa kwekholamu yokucoca i-refinery elungelelanisiweyo kwaye kuvumela ukulungiswa kweparameter ye-sensor ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lamanyathelo enkqubo yokucoca ipetroli. Ukufakwa kunokubhekisa kwisikhokelo sokufaka i-transmitter ye-Rosemount 3051 ukuze kuhambelane ngokufanelekileyo kunye noqhagamshelo lomgca we-impulse, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka kwedatha.
Kwangaxeshanye, i-Rosemount 2088 pressure transmitter isetyenziselwa i-direct gauge okanye i-absolute pressure measurements ye-process streams engena okanye ephuma kwiikholamu ze-distillation. Ulwakhiwo lwayo oluqinileyo lumelana neemeko ezinzima eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokucoca ipetroli, kubandakanya ukungcangcazela, i-atmospheres ebolayo, kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu okuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-industrial pressure transmitters zokulinganisa igesi kunye nolwelo. Izinto zokuqonda ngokuchanekileyo, ezinobubanzi obuhambelana noxinzelelo oluninzi lwenkqubo yokucoca, ziqinisekisa ukuba i-2088 pressure transmitter ineziphumo ezizinzileyo neziphindaphindwayo zokusetyenziswa kumacandelo e-atmospheric kunye ne-vacuum column.
Zombini iitransmitter ezingama-3051 kunye ne-2088 zidibana ngokungenamthungo ne-process automation, zixhasa impendulo eqhubekayo kunye nokuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kwempazamo. Iindlela zazo zokufaka eziguquguqukayo kunye neziphumo zesignali ezisemgangathweni zenza ukuba zilungele iiprojekthi zokuphucula okanye njengokutshintshwa ngexesha lokuvalwa kwe-refinery. Ezi transmitter zoxinzelelo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo se-refinery zinceda ukuqinisekisa ulawulo oluzinzileyo lwenkqubo ye-petroli distillation, ukunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elicwangcisiweyo, kunye nokuxhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko lokusebenza. Ukubandakanya izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lweshishini eziqinisekisiweyo kwi-intanethi kuphucula ukuthembeka kolawulo lwenkqubo oluhambayo kumanyathelo abalulekileyo enkqubo yokucoca ipetroli, ukusuka ekufudumaleni kwangaphambili kokutya ukuya ekutsalweni kwemveliso.
Ukucacisa imboni efanelekileyoizixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo kwi-intanethiIbalulekile kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwepetroli, ingakumbi apho ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kokufundwa kuchaphazela ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. I-Lonnmeter igxile ekwenzeni ukhetho lwezithumeli zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline lube lula kubaqhubi beendawo zokucocwa kwepetroli abalawula inkqubo enzima yokucocwa kwepetroli.
Ukukhetha ii-transmitters zokusebenza kwekholamu yokunyibilikisa umoya kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo yekholamu yokunyibilikisa umoya kufuna ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Uqwalaselo lwenkqubo yefektri nganye yokuhluza lufuna iimpawu zesixhobo ezizodwa, ezichaphazela iindawo zokufakela, ukuhambelana kwecandelo, kunye nemijikelo yokugcinwa. I-Lonnmeter inika inkxaso ezinikeleyo ngamaqela obunjineli abanamava anceda ekuhlalutyeni iimfuno zefektri yokuhluza—ukusuka kwizigaba zokwahlulwahlulwa kwimibhoshongo yomoya kunye neyokuhluza umoya ukuya kwiindlela zokufaka imibhobho yokuhamba kwegesi kunye nolwelo.
Amanyathelo enkqubo yokucoca ipetroli adla ngokubandakanya iindawo ezininzi zoxinzelelo, nganye ineemfuno ezizodwa zomthumeli. Umzekelo, ukujonga ngokuchanekileyo umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo lwekholamu kunye noxinzelelo lwe-condenser kubalulekile kuzo zombini iiyunithi zomoya kunye ne-vacuum ukugcina ulwahlulo olufanelekileyo. Ngelixa iimodeli zomthumeli ezisemgangathweni ezifana nothotho lwe-3051 zihlala zibhekiselwa kwiinkcukacha zazo, iindawo ezininzi zokucoca zifuna ukulinganiswa okanye ukulungiswa kweempawu ngaphaya kweenkcazo zedatha ezisisiseko. Iingcali zeLonnmeter zinceda ekuqondeni ezi nkcukacha, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhetho aluhlangabezani nje kuphela neempawu zomthumeli ezisemgangathweni kodwa lulungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile zeekhemikhali kunye noomatshini kwinqanaba ngalinye lokunyibilikisa.
Ukucela isicatshulwa kwiLonnmeter kudibanisa ngqo abaqhubi kolu lwazi lugxile kwisicelo. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba zonke iingcebiso zesixhobo—nokuba zezothumeli zoxinzelelo oluchanekileyo oluchanekileyo kwimigca ephezulu yefektri yokuhluza okanye izixhobo eziqinileyo zamanqaku okutsalwa kwentsalela—zibonisa iimfuno zokusebenza ngqo. Isiphumo kukuhambelana neeasethi ezindala kunye neenkqubo zekholamu zanamhlanje kuzo zonke izigaba zokucocwa kwepetroli kunye nokuhluzwa.
Ukubandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo ngexabiso akupheleli ekunikezelweni kwesixhobo. Inkxaso eqhubekayo yeLonnmeter idlulela kwiinkcukacha, ukufakelwa, kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kweekholamu zokucocwa kwefektri yokucocwa, ijongana neenkxalabo eziqhelekileyo malunga nendlela esebenza ngayo ifektri yokucocwa kwepetroli kunye nokuphucula rhoqo ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Olu lwalathiso olulungiselelweyo, oludityaniswe nolwazi oluthile lwemveliso, luqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kwiitransmitter zoxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso zokulinganisa igesi kunye nolwelo—okunika amandla abaqhubi ukulawula iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokucocwa kwefektri ngokuzithemba.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
Iyintoni indima yokulinganisa uxinzelelo kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa ipetroli?
Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo kubalulekile kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa ipetroli. Ukufundwa koxinzelelo ngokuchanekileyo, ngexesha langempela kugcina iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza ngaphakathi kweekholamu zomoya kunye nezomoya. Uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa phakathi kweenxalenye ezahlukeneyo zehydrocarbon. Ukuba uxinzelelo ludlula ngaphandle kwamaxabiso ekujoliswe kuwo, abaqhubi banokubona iimveliso okanye ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ngaphandle kwe-spec. Kwinkqubo yokusebenza kweekholamu zomoya, ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo luthintela ukukhukula okanye ukulila, okwandisa umgangatho wemveliso. Kwinkqubo yeekholamu zomoya, ukugcina uxinzelelo oluphantsi kuthintela ukuqhekeka kobushushu, kukhusela isivuno esixabisekileyo. Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo olusebenzayo kukhusela zombini ukhuseleko kunye nengqibelelo yokusebenza kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa ipetroli.
IiRosemount 3051 kunye nee-2088 pressure transmitters ziyiphucula njani imisebenzi ye-refinery?
I-Rosemount 3051 differential pressure transmitter inikezela ngokujonga okuchanekileyo, okungaphakathi komgca wegesi kunye nolwelo. Ixhasa ukubonwa ngokukhawuleza kotshintsho oluncinci loxinzelelo olubonisa ukuqhekeka okanye ukuvuza kwekholamu. I-Rosemount 2088 pressure transmitter yaziwa ngokuthembeka kunye nokunciphisa iimfuno zolondolozo. Zombini ezi transmitter ziquka ukutywinwa okuqinileyo kunye ne-elektroniki ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinzima zokucoca. Ezi mpawu zinceda abaqhubi ukuba banamathele kwiishedyuli zokugcinwa kwekholamu yokucoca i-refinery ngokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi. Ngokufakelwa ngokukhawuleza (njengoko kuchaziwe kwisikhokelo sokufakwa kwe-Rosemount 3051 transmitter) kunye nokuqina okuqinisekisiweyo, zibonelela ngedatha eqhubekayo ebalulekileyo yokugcina amanyathelo enkqubo yokucoca ipetroli ekhuselekileyo nenenzuzo.
Kutheni i-vacuum distillation ibalulekile kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwepetroli?
Ukucocwa nge-vacuum kubalulekile ekuphuculeni amaqhezu anzima aseleyo emva kokucocwa nge-atmospheric. Ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwekholamu, iindawo zokubila zee-hydrocarbons ezinzima ziyancipha, okuvumela ukwahlukana kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Oku kunciphisa ukuqhekeka kobushushu, okunokubangela ukwakheka kwe-coke kunye nokungcoliswa kwezixhobo. Inkqubo yekholamu yokucocwa nge-vacuum ngaloo ndlela yandisa uluhlu lweemveliso—kuquka amaqhezu alula epetroli—okuphucula ukuguquguquka kwe-refinery. Eli nyathelo libalulekile ekunyuseni isivuno kunye nomgangatho kwinkqubo yokucocwa ngepetroli iyonke, okuvumela ukubuyiselwa kwe-distillates ezongezelelweyo eziya kuchithwa okanye zonakaliswe phantsi koxinzelelo lomoya.
Ngaba ii-transmitters zoxinzelelo lweLonnmeter zingasetyenziswa kwiikholamu ze-atmospheric kunye neze-vacuum distillation?
Ii-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters zenzelwe ukuguquguquka xa zisetyenziswa kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuhluza. Zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kuzo zombini iikholamu ze-atmospheric kunye ne-vacuum distillation, zilungelelanisa uxinzelelo lwenkqubo oluguquguqukayo kunye neendawo ezinzima zeekhemikhali. Uyilo lwazo lusebenzisa izixhobo ezimelana nokugqwala kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwesignali yemodyuli, zibonelela ngedatha yoxinzelelo ehambelanayo nechanekileyo. Nokuba kujongwa iimeko ezifunekayo zokusebenza kwekholamu ye-atmospheric distillation okanye iimfuno ezichanekileyo zenkqubo yekholamu ye-vacuum distillation, ubunjineli beLonnmeter buqinisekisa uzinzo lwesignali, ukuchaneka, kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide.
Ndingazifumana phi izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo ezinokuthenjwa kwi-intanethi zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuhluza?
ILonnmeter inikezela ngepotifoliyo yeetransmitter zoxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso ezingaphakathi zokulinganisa igesi kunye nolwelo, ezenzelwe ngokukodwa iinkqubo zokucoca ipetroli. Ukuthenga izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso kwi-intanethi kwiLonnmeter kuvumela ukufikelela kwinkxaso yobunjineli ekhethekileyo kunye nobuchule obuneenkcukacha bemveliso. Iingcebiso ezineenkcukacha zijongana nokufakelwa okutsha kunye nokuphuculwa kweeyunithi ezikhoyo. Nokuba kuyimfuneko iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezahlukeneyo zeekholamu zokuhluza ipetroli okanye izixhobo zokucwangcisa ukugcinwa, ukunxibelelana ngqo neLonnmeter kuqinisekisa izisombululo ezenzelwe inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo yokucoca ipetroli.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Jan-05-2026
