Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline ziqinisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokucocwa kwe-glacial acetic acid. Inkqubo yokucocwa kwe-acetic acid ixhomekeke kulawulo oluzinzileyo loxinzelelo—ingakumbi kwi-vacuum distillation kunye neenqaba zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, apho nokuba kukho ukuphambuka okuncinci kunokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.
Impendulo echanekileyo neyangoku evela kwiitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwimigca ithintela ukunyuka koxinzelelo okunokubangela ukugcwala, ukuqhuma kwegwebu, okanye ukubola kobushushu be-acetic acid. Ezi ngozi ziyandaukucocwa nge-vacuumkwi-acetic acid concentration, apho ulawulo loxinzelelo lwenkqubo eqinileyo lungagcini nje ngokunyusa ubunyulu bemveliso kodwa lukwanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okunxulunyaniswa nokusebenza kwe-reboiler kunye ne-tower reflux. Ulawulo loxinzelelo olusebenzayo luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukulayisha kwekholamu, ukulingana komphunga-ulwelo, kwaye, ekugqibeleni, isivuno se-acetic acid ecocekileyo kakhulu.
Ikholamu yokunyibilikisa i-Acetic Acid
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Isishwankathelo seMveliso kunye nokuCocwa kwe-Industrial Glacial Acetic Acid
Ukuveliswa kunye nokucocwa kwe-acetic acid ye-industrial glacial kuqala ngokuguqulwa kwezinto eziluhlaza—ngokuyintloko i-methanol ngokusebenzisa i-carbonylation okanye i-bioconversion ye-biomass—zibe yi-acetic acid ekrwada. Ukucubungula okuhambayo kubandakanya ii-reactors apho ukuguqulwa kwe-feedstock kwenzeka khona. Ii-catalysts ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, njenge-rhodium complexes, zenza kube lula ukusebenza kwe-methanol carbonylation, nto leyo ebangela imveliso ekrwada equlethe amanzi kunye neemveliso ezahlukeneyo.
Emva kokusabela, umxube uyahlulwa okokuqala ukuze kususwe iimveliso ezinzima okanye ezinganyibilikiyo. Imijelo ye-acetic acid ekrwada, esagcina amanzi amaninzi kunye nokungcola okubilayo kancinci, idluliselwa ekuhlanjululweni okusezantsi. Apha, inkqubo igxile kulandelelwano lwemisebenzi yokukhupha ubushushu kunye nolwelo-ulwelo ukususa amanzi kunye nokulandelela ukungcola ngelixa ibuyisela i-acetic acid ecocekileyo kakhulu.
Inkqubo yokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid ibalulekile. Iikholamu zokunyibilikisa—ingakumbi iikholamu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni—zisusa amanzi kwaye zilungise uxinaniso lwe-acetic acid. Iikholamu zokunyibilikisa amanzi emzimbeni zixhomekeke kunxibelelwano oluchasene nomphunga-ulwelo kumaqondo obushushu alawulwayo kunye noxinzelelo ukuze ziqhubele amanzi phezulu kwikholamu ngelixa zigcina i-acetic acid kwisiseko. Iikholamu zokunyibilikisa i-vacuum ziyalandela, zivumela ukwahlula i-acetic acid kwizinto ezingcolileyo ezisezantsi kunye ne-acetic anhydride kunye nomngcipheko wokubola kobushushu obuphantsi. Ulawulo loxinzelelo lwenkqubo kuzo zonke ezi kholamu lubalulekile: uxinzelelo oluphantsi lunciphisa iindawo zokubila, lunciphisa imfuno yamandla kwaye lugcine umgangatho wemveliso njengoko kuboniswe kuphononongo lobuchwephesha kunye nezikhokelo zoshishino.
Izixhobo zenkqubo ezibalulekileyo ziquka:
- Iinqaba zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni zijongene nokususa amanzi.
- Iikholamu zokucocwa kwe-vacuum ezenzelwe ukwahlukanisa ukungcola kunye nolawulo lwamandla.
- Izitshintshi zobushushu zokudibanisa ubushushu benkqubo kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla.
- IiCondenser zokubuyisela umphunga kunye nolawulo lwe-reflux.
- Amanqanaba okukhupha ulwelo-ulwelo apho izinyibilikisi ezifana nee-esters zinokususa amachaphaza aseleyo amanzi okanye iimveliso ezingasemva.
Iindlela zanamhlanje zokucocwa kwe-acetic acid kwimizi-mveliso zidibanisa ukwahlulwa kobushushu kunye nemisebenzi ephambili ukuze kusebenze kakuhle kwaye kuvelise isivuno esingcono. Ubuchwepheshe be-membrane—nangona bungaqhelekanga njenge-distillation—bubonelela ngokwahlulwa kwe-asidi yamanzi-acetic ekhethekileyo kwiindawo ezithile zokutya. Ukukhupha ulwelo-ulwelo okonga amandla, kusetyenziswa izinyibilikisi ezikhethiweyo phezulu okanye ezantsi kwe-distillation, kunyusa ukususwa kokungcola kwe-azeotropic kwaye kunciphisa amandla. Izityalo zihlala zidibanisa amaqhinga okwenza ngcono inkqubo, zisebenzisa idatha yexesha langempela kunye nokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukuvumelanisa amanqanaba e-distillation, ukukhupha, kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ukuze umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
Ukugcina i-glacial acetic acid ecocekileyo kakhulu ixhomekeke kulawulo lwenkqubo oluthembekileyo kunye nokukhetha izixhobo ngononophelo. Iimitha ze-Lonnmeter ezisezantsi kunye ne-viscosity zibonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela yokuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo, ngakumbi ekuhlukaniseni okuluhlaza kunye nokuhlolwa komgangatho emva kokunyibilikiswa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezi analyzer kuvumela ukujonga okuqhubekayo, ukulungisa iingxaki, kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimpazamo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, okuvelisa isivuno esiphezulu.
Enyanisweni, i-vacuum distillation yokwandisa i-acetic acid isathandwa ngenxa yokukhula kwayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ngelixa ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwenqaba yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kuye kwaba ziindawo eziphambili zokwandisa imveliso kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elibizayo. Uyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweyunithi nganye yokwahlulahlula kubonelela ngomqolo wemveliso ye-acetic acid yeqhwa ethembekileyo, efikelela kwimigangatho eqinileyo yorhwebo kunye nemithetho.
Iingcamango eziPhambili kwi-Acetic Acid Distillation kunye noLawulo loXinzelelo
Uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwekholamu ye-Acetic acid distillation kubeka phambili ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokudluliselwa kobunzima. Ikholamu kufuneka yahlule ngokufanelekileyo i-acetic acid kwizinto ezingcolileyo ezifana namanzi, i-acetaldehyde, kunye ne-formic acid. Oku kuxhomekeke ekukhetheni izixhobo zangaphakathi—iitreyi zesihluzo, iitreyi ze-bubble cap, okanye ukupakisha okucwangcisiweyo okuphezulu—ukuze kuhambelane nomphunga olindelekileyo kunye nokuhamba kolwelo.
Umlinganiselo we-reflux umisela ubunyulu kunye nemveliso enokufikelelwa. Iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ukwahlulwahlulwa kwamacandelo kuyawa; iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye iimfuno zamandla ziyanda ngaphandle kokuphuculwa. Ii-hydraulics ezingaphakathi kwikholamu kufuneka zizinzile kuzo zonke iitreyi ukuthintela ukugcwala okanye ukulila, zombini ezo zinto ziphazamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa. Uxinzelelo lwenkqubo oluzinzileyo luxhasa zonke izinto ze-acetic acid distillation process optimization, njengoko iindawo zokubila kunye nokulingana komphunga-ulwelo kutshintsha nangayiphi na indlela.
Ukuveliswa kunye nokucocwa kwe-glacial acetic acid kufuna i-vacuum distillation ukuze kuphuculwe ubunyulu ngelixa kuthintelwa ukubola kobushushu. Ukusebenza phantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi komoya olulawulwayo kunciphisa iqondo lokubila le-acetic acid ngaphantsi komlinganiselo wokubola kwayo, kukhusela umgangatho wemveliso. Ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwe-vacuum luqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo. Ukuhamba koxinzelelo kungenisa umngcipheko—uxinzelelo olunyukayo lunokubangela ukubola kobushushu, ngelixa ukuhla kubeka emngciphekweni ii-hydraulics zekholamu kwaye kunokuvumela ukuthwalwa komphunga kwiinkqubo ezisezantsi.
Inkqubo yokuCoca i-Acetic Acid
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Inqaba yokuphelelwa ngamanzi e-acetic acid yenzelwe injongo enye: ukususa amanzi ngamandla. Amanzi kunye ne-acetic acid zenza i-azeotropes, nto leyo ethintela ukucocwa okuqhelekileyo. Inqaba yokuphelelwa ngamanzi, edla ngokusebenza ngoxinzelelo oluphantsi kwaye ixhotyiswe ngezinto zangaphakathi ezikhethekileyo, isusa amanzi ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zomkhenkce. Ukuba amanzi akasuswanga ngokufanelekileyo, amanqanaba okucocwa kwamanzi asezantsi awanakukwazi ukufikelela kubumsulwa bemveliso ekujoliswe kuyo nokuba amandla angeniswa njani. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kweetreyi zenqaba yokuphelelwa ngamanzi, iimpompo zokujikeleza, kunye nezixhobo kubalulekile. Abaqhubi bajonga iimpawu zokuqala zeengxaki, ezinje ngokuhla koxinzelelo olungaqhelekanga okanye ukuphambuka kobushushu, okunokubonisa ukungcola, umonakalo wetreyi, okanye ukugqitha komphunga.
Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kunye nolawulo kukhusela inqaba yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwiingozi zokusebenza. Iingxaki ezixhaphakileyo ezifana nokukhukula (okubangelwa kukugcinwa kolwelo oluninzi) okanye ukulila (ulwelo oluvuza kwiitreyi) zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isivuno kunye nomgangatho we-acetic acid. Ukusombulula iingxaki zeenkqubo zokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid, abaqhubi baxhomekeke kwidatha yenkqubo ukuxilonga nokulungisa ezi ngxaki ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokusebenza kakuhle.
Iindlela zokulawula uxinzelelo lwenkqubo kwimveliso ye-acetic acid zixhomekeke ekulinganisweni ngokuthe ngqo ngaphakathi kusetyenziswa ii-transmitters eziqinileyo. Ukufundwa koxinzelelo ngokuchanekileyo kwakha isiseko see-loops zempendulo ezenzekelayo ezilungisa iindawo ezibekiweyo ukuze kugcinwe uzinzo kwiinqaba zokuhluza kunye nokukhupha amanzi emzimbeni. Ii-interlocks zokhuseleko zisebenzisa ezi zilinganiso zifanayo, zibangela ngokukhawuleza ukuvalwa xa kukho ukuphambuka okuyingozi ukukhusela izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi.
Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo oluphambili ekucutshungulweni kweekhemikhali kudla ngokusebenzisa ii-transmitter ezithembeke kakhulu ezifana nezo zisekelwe kwimigaqo yokwahlulahlula. Ukulinganisa ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile—ukushukuma kunokubangela ukufundwa okungalunganga kunye nolawulo olungaphantsi, ngoko ke ukubhekisa rhoqo kwizikhokelo ezifana nesikhokelo sokulinganisa i-pressure transmitter yeRosemount 3051 yinto eqhelekileyo.
Kuzo zonke izigaba, iindlela zokucoca i-acetic acid kwimizi-mveliso zixhomekeke ekudibaneni kokuthembeka kwezixhobo, ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo, kunye nokuzisebenzela ngokuzenzekelayo kwenkqubo. Inyathelo ngalinye, ukusuka kwi-vacuum distillation ukuze kubekho uxinzelelo lwe-acetic acid ukuya ekuphelelweni ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokucocwa kokugqibela, lenziwa lulawulo oluchanekileyo noluzinzileyo loxinzelelo. Iimitha ze-Lonnmeter ezikwi-line density kunye ne-viscosity zihlala zidityaniswa kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo, zibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo yenkqubo kunye nomlinganiselo woxinzelelo kunye nobushushu obufunekayo ukuze kusebenze ngokufanelekileyo, kube nemveliso ephezulu.
Izixhobo Eziphambili Ezikwi-Inline Zokunyibilikisa Nokucocwa kwe-Acetic Acid
Kwimveliso kunye nokucocwa kwe-glacial acetic acid, izixhobo eziphambili ezikwimigca ethe tye zinika abaqhubi idatha ekhawulezileyo nechanekileyo yokuphucula uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwekholamu yokunyibilikisa. Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwimigca ethe tye, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, zibalulekile ekujongeni uxinzelelo lwekholamu, ngakumbi kwi-vacuum distillation ukuze kubekho ukuxinana kwe-acetic acid. Ezi transmitter ziqinisekisa uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo lokusebenza ngexesha lokusebenza kwetower yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni nakwiikholamu eziphambili zokuqhekeka, ziqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo.
Ngaphaya kwezinzwa zoxinzelelo, izityalo zidibanisa izixhobo ezingaphakathi ezifana neemitha zoxinzelelo, iimitha zoxinano, iimitha ze-viscosity, izithumeli zamanqanaba, kunye nezinzwa zobushushu.Iimitha zoxinzelelo ezikwimigcaukulandelela amandla e-asidi, ngokukhawuleza ukuphawula ukuphambuka okubonisa ukuvuza, amanzi aqeqeshwayo, okanye ukwahlukana okungaphelelanga. Iimitha zoxinano, kuquka iimodeli ezivela kwiLonnmeter, zihlala ziqinisekisa ubunyulu bemveliso kwaye zinika ulwazi malunga nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokunyibilikisa. Iimitha ze-viscosity ezikwi-inline zibonisa utshintsho kwi-feedstock okanye zibonisa ukwakheka kwe-polymer kwiitreyi okanye ukupakisha—isixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuxilonga ngexesha lokusombulula iingxaki kwiinkqubo zokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid.
Iitransmitter zenqanaba zigcina abaqhubi benolwazi malunga nokubanjwa kolwelo kwiikholamu nakwii-reboilers. Oku kuthintela ukukhukula kwaye kuqinisekisa umlinganiselo ochanekileyo we-reflux ukuze kwahlulwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiindlela zokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid vacuum. Izinzwa zobushushu, ezifakwe kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana neetreyi zeekholamu, i-overhead accumulator, kunye ne-reboiler, zibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo yokunika ingxelo kunye nempendulo kwiindlela eziphambili zokulawula uxinzelelo lwenkqubo ye-acetic acid.
I-Lonnmeter's inline pressure transmitter ihambelana neendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluphambili ekucutshungulweni kwamakhemikhali. Xa ifakelwe kwiinqaba zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, inika impendulo yenqanaba le-vacuum ngexesha langempela. Oku kubalulekile ekugcineni inyathelo lokuphuma kwamanzi kunye ne-acetic acid stripping lilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ligcina ukwakheka okufunekayo ngaphezulu. Kwikholamu ephambili yokunyibilikisa, imiqondiso yokulawula uxinzelelo evela kwi-Lonnmeter transmitter ilungisa iivalvu zomoya, ukuhamba kwe-reflux, kunye nomsebenzi we-condenser. Oku kuthintela iziganeko ezinobungozi zoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwaye kugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwahlulwa okubalulekileyo okubalulekileyo kwiindlela zokucoca i-acetic acid kwimizi-mveliso.
Ukusebenza kwehlabathi lokwenyani kudla ngokuzisa imingeni efana nokungcola, ukutshintsha kwesimo sokutya ngequbuliso, okanye ukuvuza kwevacuum. Impendulo ekhawulezayo nechanekileyo evela kwi-seti epheleleyo yee-inline sensors ivumela abaqhubi kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ukuba baphendule ngokukhawuleza, bezinzisa inkqubo kwaye banciphise umngcipheko weebhetshi ezingaqhelekanga. Izixhobo ezisemgangathweni ezisemgangathweni azigcini nje ngokunyusa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthobela kodwa ziphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemveliso kuzo zonke izityalo zanamhlanje zokucocwa kwe-acetic acid.
Ukufakwa kunye nokuLungiselela ukuLinganiselwa koXinzelelo oluPhakathi
Ukubekwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluphakathi kubalulekile ekulawuleni inkqubo esebenzayo kwimveliso kunye nokucocwa kwe-acetic acid ye-glacial. Kwindlela eqhelekileyo yoyilo kunye nokusebenza kwekholamu ye-distillation ye-acetic acid, ukubeka izixhobo kuchaphazela ixesha lokuphendula, ukuthembeka kwedatha, kunye nokwenza ngcono inkqubo. Iindawo zokufakela ezicetyiswayo ziquka iindawo zokukhupha umphunga wekholamu, imigca ye-reboiler, ukubuyiswa kwe-condenser, kunye neendawo ezibalulekileyo zokudibanisa amanzi emzimbeni kunye nee-extraction loops.
Kwiindawo zokukhupha umphunga ezikwikholamu, iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline zibamba ukuguquguquka kwexesha langempela kwisigaba somphunga, zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokwakheka kwemveliso ephezulu kunye nobunyulu. Olu lungiselelo luphucula ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid ngokuvumela abaqhubi ukuba baphendule ngokukhawuleza kukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo—ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka phakathi kotshintsho lwenkqubo kunye nokulungiswa kwenkqubo. Kwiindlela zokunyibilikisa i-vacuum, ingakumbi xa kugxilwe kwi-glacial acetic acid, ukufaka iitransmitter kwimigca ye-reboiler kuxhasa ukubonwa kwangoko kotshintsho loxinzelelo ngequbuliso, olunokubonisa ukungcola, ukuvuza, okanye ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba komphunga.
Ukufaka ii-inline transmitters kwi-condenser return lines kuphucula ukujonga utshintsho olutshintshayo loxinzelelo ngexesha lotshintsho lwe-condensed-phase. Ukubekwa kakuhle apha kuvelisa impendulo echanekileyo yokulawula uxinzelelo lwekholamu, olunobuthathaka kakhulu kwi-vacuum distillation ukuze kubekho i-acetic acid concentration. Kwii-dehydration towers, ii-transmitters ezikufutshane neendawo zokujova ukutya, iindawo zokukhupha umphunga, kunye nemigca yokutsala ecaleni zinokukhanyisa iiprofayili zoxinzelelo ezibalulekileyo ekusombululeni iingxaki kwiinkqubo ze-distillation kunye nokuphucula ixesha lokusebenza kwezityalo.
Ukubekwa kakuhle kunceda ngokuthe ngqo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yemveliso. Ngempendulo yoxinzelelo ekhawulezayo nethembekileyo, abaqhubi banokuqinisa ulawulo kwimisebenzi ebuthathaka, besabela kwiimpazamo ngaphambi kokuba zikhule. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu imvamisa kunye nomthamo wemveliso engaqhelekanga efuna ukulungiswa kwakhona, kuxhasa iindlela zokucoca i-acetic acid yemizi-mveliso ngomlinganiselo. Ukubeka izixhobo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiparameter ezilinganisiweyo zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nemeko yokwenyani yenkqubo, kunyusa ixabiso lokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluphambili ekucutshungulweni kweekhemikhali.
Ngokuxhasa ezi ndawo zokubeka izinto ngezixhobo zokuhambisa eziqinileyo, iinjineli zezityalo zinokwenza ngokuthembeka iindlela zokulawula uxinzelelo lwenkqubo ye-acetic acid. Ufakelo olucwangcisiweyo luqinisekisa imiqondiso ekhawulezayo yokulungiswa kokusebenza ngexesha ngalinye, ekugqibeleni luphucula ixesha lokusebenza kwaye luxhasa ukuveliswa kunye nokucocwa kwe-glacial acetic acid okuqhubekayo nokusebenzayo.
I-Lonnmeter Inline Pressure Transmitter
I-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitter yenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezifunekayo zokuveliswa kunye nokucocwa kwe-glacial acetic acid. Yenzelwe ukumelana neekhemikhali, isebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezinzima ezifumaneka kwiikholamu ze-acetic acid distillation, kwiinqaba zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, nakwiiyunithi ze-vacuum distillation.
Uphawu olubalaseleyo kukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwedijithali kwesi sithumeli. Olu buchule luphucula ulawulo lwenkqubo yokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid ngokuqinisekisa impendulo yoxinzelelo ngexesha langempela. Ukufundwa koxinzelelo ngokukhawuleza kubalulekile ekujongeni uxinzelelo olupheleleyo lwekholamu, ukuzinzisa iimeko ze-vacuum ngexesha lokunyibilikisa i-vacuum ukuze kubekho uxinano lwe-acetic acid, kunye nokuvumela ukulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwiinqaba zokuphelelwa ngamanzi ze-acetic acid ezicocekileyo kakhulu.
Esi sixhobo sinokuhambelana okukhulu kweekhemikhali, sixhasa ukuchatshazelwa ngumphunga we-acetic acid oxineneyo kunye nee-agents zokucoca endaweni. Uyilo lwaso oluqinileyo lukhusela izinto zokulinganisa ekuboleni, lunciphisa ukushukuma kwenzwa kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa kwiimeko zokusebenza eziqhubekayo eziqhelekileyo kwiindlela zokucoca i-acetic acid kwimizi-mveliso.
I-transmitter yeLonnmeter idibana ngokungenamthungo nezakhiwo zezityalo zanamhlanje zeDCS kunye nePLC. Ineenkqubo zonxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo, ezenza kube lula ukufakelwa kweentambo kunye nokuqaliswa kweeprojekthi ezintsha nezintsha. Oku kususa ubunzima obuhlala bunxulunyaniswa nokudibanisa ii-transmitter ze-analog zemveli kwiinkqubo zolawulo ezisasaziweyo, okukhokelela ekuphuculweni okusebenzayo xa kulungiswa uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwekholamu ye-acetic acid distillation. I-transmitter lukhetho oluthe ngqo lokutshintsha ii-transmitter zoxinzelelo ze-legacy okanye zeRosemount, ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okulula. Iziqinisekiso ezipheleleyo zixhasa ukuthunyelwa kwiindawo ezilawulwayo zeekhemikhali.
Imisebenzi yokuxilonga ephucukileyo ifakiwe, nto leyo ephucula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo. I-transmitter ibona ngokukhutheleyo ukuphambuka kwiiprofayili zoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, njengokuhla koxinzelelo olungalindelekanga kwiisekethe ze-vacuum okanye ukunyuka okungaqhelekanga ngexesha lokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo. Olu xilongo lwedijithali luvumela ukubonwa kwangethuba kwezikhukula zekholamu, ukuvuza, okanye ukusilela kwe-vacuum, eziziimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusombulula iingxaki kwiinkqubo zokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid. Ii-alamu ezizenzekelayo zibonelela ngesaziso esikhawulezileyo, zinciphisa ukujonga ngesandla kwaye zivumela ukulungiswa okusebenzayo okuthintela ixesha lokungasebenzi elingalindelekanga.
Ngokudibanisa umlinganiselo wedijithali okhawulezayo, ukuqina okuphezulu kweekhemikhali, kunye nokudibanisa isityalo se-plug-and-play, i-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitter sisixhobo esichanekileyo nesithembekileyo sokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluphambili kwizicelo zokucubungula iikhemikhali—kuquka neendlela ezinzima zokulawula uxinzelelo lwenkqubo ye-acetic acid.
Inzuzo Yokusebenza Kakuhle Nokunciphisa Iindleko Ngezixhobo Zanamhlanje Ezikwi-Inline
Izixhobo zanamhlanje ezikwimigca ethe tyaba, ezifana nothotho lweLonnmeter, zitshintshe kakhulu imveliso kunye nokucocwa kwe-glacial acetic acid. Ngokudibanisa ngokupheleleyo iimitha zoxinano olukwimigca ethe tyaba, izinzwa zoxinzelelo, kunye nezithumeli zamanqanaba kwiikholamu zokunyibilikisa kunye neenqaba zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, izityalo zifumana ukusebenza kakuhle okukhulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
Uzinzo lwenkqubo lubangelwa ngqo kukulinganiswa kwe-inline ngexesha langempela. Ngeemitha zoxinano lweLonnmeter, impendulo eqhubekayo iqinisekisa ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid ngokugcina ukusebenza kwekholamu ngaphakathi kweeparamitha ezifanelekileyo. Ubuninzi kunye nokufundwa koxinzelelo ziyafumaneka ngoko nangoko, okuvumela iinkqubo zolawulo ukuba zilungelelanise iireyithingi ze-reflux, amazinga okufudumala, kunye neemeko zokucoca i-vacuum, ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni okuzinzileyo kwiindlela zokunyibilikisa i-vacuum ze-acetic acid ye-glacial. Oku kubangela ukuguquguquka okuncinci, ulawulo oluqinileyo lweenkcukacha zemveliso ye-overhead kunye ne-bottoms, kunye nomngcipheko omncinci wokuvelisa izinto ezingaqhelekanga.
Ulawulo oluqinileyo lukwaguqulela ekubeni kugcinwe amandla ngendlela enokulinganiswa. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo lwekholamu kunye nobushushu kuthetha ukuba kusetyenziswa amandla afunekayo kuphela ukuze kuphuculwe kwaye kwahlulwe. Ngokwenyani, ukulinganisa okungaphakathi kuvumela abalawuli boxinzelelo lwenkqubo-abaxhaswa zizixhobo ezifana neetransmitter zoxinzelelo ezicwangciswe kusetyenziswa iindlela zokulawula uxinzelelo lwenkqubo ye-acetic acid ezisetyenzisiweyo-ukunciphisa ukujikajika, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe ukusebenza kwe-reboiler egqithisileyo okanye i-vacuum pump. Ukonga amandla kudityaniswa nokuveliswa okuncitshisiweyo kweebatches ezingezizo ii-spec. Ukuhamba okumbalwa kuthetha ukuba izinto ezincinci ziyacutshungulwa okanye zilahlwe, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgca osezantsi.
Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili okuvunyiwe zezi zixhobo kwenza kube lula ngakumbi ukugcinwa. Iimitha zoxinano kunye noxinzelelo, njengoluhlu lweLonnmeter, zihlala zibika imeko yempilo kunye nokulinganiswa. Abaqhubi bafumana isilumkiso kwangethuba sokuhamba okanye ukungcola kwenzwa, ngakumbi okubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lokuqhubeka ixesha elide kwi-vacuum distillation ukuze kubekho uxinano lwe-acetic acid kunye namanqanaba okuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ukugcinwa kucwangcisiwe ngokusekelwe kwimeko yesixhobo, kungekhona ikhalenda emiselweyo, kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elingalindelekanga kwaye kwandisa ubomi bempahla. Ngenxa yoko, ukusombulula iingxaki kwiinkqubo ze-acetic acid distillation kuba lula ngakumbi, kunye nokulungiswa okuncinci emva kwenyani.
Ukunciphisa iindleko kuqiniswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukulinganisa nokulawula ngexesha langempela kususa isidingo sokuthatha iisampulu rhoqo ngesandla, ukunciphisa iimfuno zomsebenzi kunye nomngcipheko weempazamo zokuphatha iisampulu. Izilumkiso zokuqikelela zinciphisa ukuxhomekeka kulungiso olungxamisekileyo kwaye zinciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo. Ukulahleka kwemveliso kuncitshisiwe kuba impendulo echanekileyo yoxinano iqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho phakathi kweetanki zemveliso luphuculwe, kwaye utshintsho olungekho semgangathweni luncitshiswa kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kuphantsi kuba kuphela umphunga okanye i-vacuum efunekayo esetyenziselwa ukugcina iindawo ekujoliswe kuzo. Ukongeza, ukuvalwa okuncinci okungacwangciswanga kuthetha ukuba isityalo sisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amandla aso afakiweyo.
Ngokudibanisa ezi zixhobo kwizakhiwo zolawulo ezisasazwe namhlanje, inzwa nganye—ubuninzi, uxinaniso, inqanaba—inika idatha eqhubekayo yokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokujonga. Isiphumo yinkqubo ethembekileyo, eyonga amandla, kwaye engabizi kakhulu kwiindlela zokucoca i-acetic acid kwimizi-mveliso, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna ubumsulwa obuphezulu okanye ezisebenza phantsi kweemeko zokunyibilikisa i-vacuum. Olu phuculo luxhasa ngokuthe ngqo ukhuphiswano oluqhubekayo lwezityalo kunye nokuthobela iimfuno zomgangatho ongqongqo kwimveliso yeekhemikhali.
Phucula iinkqubo zakho zokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid, ukucoca, kunye nokukhupha amanzi emzimbeni nge-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters, ezenzelwe ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo ngexesha langempela. Ulawulo olusebenzayo loxinzelelo lubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukuveliswa kunye nokucocwa kwe-glacial acetic acid, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna amandla ezifana noyilo lwekholamu yokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid, ukunyibilikisa i-vacuum, kunye nokusebenza kwenqaba yokunyibilikisa amanzi emzimbeni.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
1. Ulawulo loxinzelelo lwenkqubo luyichaphazela njani indlela esebenza ngayo i-acetic acid distillation column?
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo lwenkqubo lubalulekile kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwekholamu ye-acetic acid distillation. Ukugcina uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo ngaphakathi kweendawo ezimiselweyo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kokwahlulwahlulwa ngokugcina izinto zikwimeko yazo yokuguquguquka. Uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lunciphisa iimfuno zamandla zokubilisa nokufunxa, nto leyo ephucula ukusetyenziswa komphunga kunye nemfuno yamanzi okupholisa. Ulawulo oluqinileyo lukwabalulekile ekusebenzeni okuzinzileyo, kunciphisa imveliso engaqhelekanga kwaye kuxhaswe ukuveliswa kunye nokucocwa kwe-glacial acetic acid rhoqo. Ii-inline transmitters zibonelela ngedatha yoxinzelelo ngexesha langempela, okuvumela amanyathelo okulungisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulungiswa kakuhle kokusebenza kokwahlulwahlulwa okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo.
2. Kutheni i-vacuum distillation ibalulekile ekuvelisweni nasekucocweni kwe-glacial acetic acid?
Ukucocwa kwe-vacuum kubalulekile kwimveliso ye-glacial acetic acid kuba kuvumela ukwahlukana kwenzeke kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kakhulu kwamanqanaba okubila emoyeni. Amaqondo obushushu aphantsi okusebenza ayimfuneko ukuthintela ukubola kwe-acetic acid ngobushushu, ingakumbi xa kujoliswa kucoceko oluphezulu kakhulu. Iimeko ze-vacuum ezilawulwa ngononophelo zikwanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukusebenzisa ii-transmitters zoxinzelelo ezichanekileyo ezikwi-inline kuxhasa iindlela ze-glacial acetic acid vacuum distillation ngokuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo oluphantsi lugcinwa ngaphandle kokuguquguquka, ngaloo ndlela kukhusela umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo.
3. Zithini iingenelo zokusebenzisa iRosemount 3051 differential pressure transmitter kwizityalo zeekhemikhali?
I-Rosemount 3051 differential pressure transmitter isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokucoca i-acetic acid ngenxa yokuchaneka kwayo okuphezulu, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuzinza. Inika ukufundwa koxinzelelo ngexesha langempela, ngokuchanekileyo okuxhasa ukulinganiswa koxinzelelo oluphambili ekucutshungulweni kweekhemikhali. Oku kuphucula ulawulo lwenkqubo kwiikholamu zokunyibilikisa kunye neenqaba zokuphelelwa ngamanzi ngokuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bagcine iiprofayili zoxinzelelo ezifanelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa isivuno kwaye kuncitshiswe imingcipheko yokuphambuka koxinzelelo okuyingozi. Ukuthembeka kukwanciphisa amaxesha okugcinwa kunye namaxesha okungasebenzi angacwangciswanga, kuxhasa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo okuqhubekayo.
4. Kufuneka zifakwe phi ii-inline pressure transmitters kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid?
Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline kufuneka zibekwe kwindawo efanelekileyo ukuze zibambe amandla oxinzelelo aphambili kuyo yonke inkqubo yokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid. Amanqaku abalulekileyo aqhelekileyo aquka iindawo zokukhupha umphunga phezulu kweekholamu zokunyibilikisa, uqhagamshelo lokuhambisa umphunga we-reboiler, iindawo zokungenisa ukutya kwikholamu, nakwiintloko nakwimisila yeekholamu. Ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ulwazi lwangempela lwalo naluphi na utshintsho loxinzelelo olunokubonisa ukungazinzi, ukuvuza, okanye ukungcola, okuvumela ukusombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza kunye nokugcinwa komgangatho wemveliso.
5Idlala yiphi indima umlinganiselo woxinzelelo ekusombululeni iingxaki kwiinkqubo zokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid?
Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo kubalulekile ekusombululeni iingxaki zeenkqubo zokunyibilikisa i-acetic acid. Idatha ekhawulezayo nechanekileyo evela kwiitransmitter zoxinzelelo ezikwimigca ibonisa imiba efana nokuvuza kwe-vacuum, ukungangqinelani kokunikezelwa komphunga, okanye ukugcwala kwikholamu. Umzekelo, ukwehla koxinzelelo lwentloko yekholamu kunokubonisa ukuvuza komphunga, ngelixa uxinzelelo oluphezulu olungalindelekanga lunokubonisa ukungcola okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-reboiler. Ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kweengxaki ezinjalo kugcina isivuno se-acetic acid yeqhwa kunye nobunyulu kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo, kuthintela ixesha elide lokungasebenzi, kwaye kwandisa ubomi bezixhobo—konke oku kubalulekile kwimisebenzi enzima yokuphelisa amanzi kwi-acetic acid kunye neenkqubo zokulungisa.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-15-2026
