IInkqubo yaseBenfieldlilitye lembombo lezoshishinoukucocwa kwegesi, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo zeekhemikhali ukususa i-carbon dioxide (CO2) kunye ne-hydrogen sulfide (H2S) kwimithombo yegesi, ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezicocekileyo kakhulu kwizicelo zokwenziwa kwe-ammonia, ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen, kunye nokulungiswa kwegesi yendalo. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo malunga noxinzelelo lwesi sisombululo sokuhlikihla lubalulekile ukuthintela imingeni yokusebenza efana nokugqwala, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa, okanye ukubola kwezixhobo.Iimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-potassium carbonate ezikwi-inlinekwayeabahlalutyi boxinzelelo lwe-potassium carbonate olukwi-inlineinika isisombululo esiguqulayo ngokubonelela ngokubekwa esweni rhoqo, ngexesha langempela kwamanqanaba e-K2CO3 kunye ne-potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), okuvumela abaqhubi ukuba baphuculeinkqubo yokucoca igesikwaye kufezekiswe ukonga okukhulu kweendleko.
Esi sikhokelo sibanzi sihlola indlela esebenza ngayo le nkquboInkqubo yeBenfield yokususa igesi ene-asidikunye neenzuzo zazo kumashishini afanaizityalo zemveliso ye-ammonia,izityalo zemveliso ye-hydrogen,izityalo zokucubungula igesi yendalo,izityalo ze-petrochemical,izityalo zokunciphisa isinyithi ngokuthe ngqokunyeizityalo zokufaka igesi yamalahleNgokudibanisa ezi zixhobo ziphambili, abaqhubi bezityalo banokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, baqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo engqongqo, kwaye banikezele ngemveliso yegesi ehambelanayo nesemgangathweni ophezulu.
IKhemistri kunye neeMechanics zeNkqubo yeBenfield
IInkqubo yaseBenfield, eyaphuhliswa yi-US Bureau of Mines kwaye yanikwa ilayisenisi yi-UOP (ngoku iyinxalenye yeHoneywell), yinkqubo yesinyibilikisi evuselelwa ngobushushu, esebenzisa isisombululo se-K2CO3 esishushu ukususa i-CO2 kunye ne-H2S kwimijelo yegesi. Yindlela ethembekileyo yeukucocwa kwegesikumashishini afuna iigesi ezicocekileyo kakhulu, ezifana nokuhlanganiswa kwe-ammonia kwizichumisi, ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen ukuze kucocwe, kunye nokulungiswa kwegesi yendalo ukuze kuchazwe iinkcukacha zemibhobho. Le nkqubo isebenza ngamanqanaba amabini aphambili: ukufunxwa kunye nokuhlaziywa.
Ngexesha lesigaba sokufunxa, umjelo wegesi ungeniswa ezantsi kwikholamu yokufunxa, ugeleza umbane ochaseneyo ukuya kwisisombululo esishushu se-K2CO3 (ngesiqhelo yi-20–30 wt%) kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-100°C kunye ne-110°C kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.
I-H2S nayo iyafunxwa, yenze ezinye iimveliso zokusabela. Igesi ecociweyo iphuma phezulu kwe-absorber, ngelixa isisombululo esityebileyo, esizaliswe yi-KHCO3, sidluliselwa kwi-regenerator (stripper). Kwinqanaba lokuvuselelwa, isisombululo sifudunyezwa ngomphunga okanye sincitshiswe uxinzelelo, sibuyisela umva impendulo ukuze kukhutshwe i-CO2 kunye ne-H2S, ngaloo ndlela siphinda sivelise isisombululo se-K2CO3 ukuze sisetyenziswe kwakhona. Le nkqubo yokujikeleza iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke ekugcineni amazinga e-K2CO3 kunye ne-KHCO3 afanelekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki zokusebenza.
Kutheni Ulawulo Lokugxila Lubaluleke Kakhulu
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo lwesisombululo se-K2CO3 lubalulekile ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Amanqanaba e-KHCO3 agqithisileyo anokubangela ukugqwala kwi-absorber, nto leyo ephazamisa ukudibana kwegesi nolwelo, inciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxwa kwe-CO2, kwaye ibeke emngciphekweni umonakalo wezixhobo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uxinano olunganeleyo lwe-K2CO3 lunciphisa amandla esisombululo okufunxwa kweegesi ze-asidi, nto leyo ebangela ukucocwa okungaphelelanga kunye nokungathobeli iinkcukacha zemveliso. Ukongeza, uxinano olungafanelekanga lunokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lokuvuselelwa, njengoko izisombululo ezityebileyo kakhulu zifuna umphunga omninzi ukukhulula iigesi ezibanjiweyo, kwaye zinokwenza kube nzima ukugqwala kwizixhobo ngenxa yendalo ye-alkaline yesisombululo.
Ngokwembali, ukujonga ukugxila kwakuxhomekeke ekuthatheni iisampulu ngesandla kunye nohlalutyo lwelebhu, inkqubo edinga umsebenzi omninzi, enokulibaziseka, kwaye engakwaziyo ukubonelela ngeenkcukacha ngexesha langempela. Ezi mingcele zinokukhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo, ukunyuka kweendleko zokusebenza, kunye nokwaphulwa kwemithetho okunokwenzeka.Iimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-potassium carbonate ezikwi-inlineukujongana nale mingeni ngokubonelela ngemilinganiselo eqhubekayo nechanekileyo, ukuvumela uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo ukugcina iimeko zenkqubo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kweInkqubo yaseBenfieldI-Scrubber.
Iimveliso ezicetyiswayo
Indlela iiMeter zoQokelelo eziPhakathi eziSebenza ngayo
Iimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-potassium carbonate ezikwi-inlineokanyeabahlalutyiziinkqubo zokujonga ezikwi-inline eziphambili ezenzelwe ukulinganisa u-K2CO3kunye ne-KHCO3uxinano ngqo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo, nto leyo esusa imfuneko yokuthathwa kweesampuli ngesandla. Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zeInkqubo yaseBenfield, kuquka amaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-110°C) kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye zakhiwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala ukuze zimelane nemeko-bume ye-alkaline yesisombululo sokukhuhla.
Kusetyenziswa iitekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo kwezi mitha, nganye ineenzuzo ezikhethekileyo:
Umlinganiselo we-Ultrasonic: Ezi mitha zilinganisa isantya sesandi kulwelo, oluhambelana noxinano lwalo kunye noxinzelelo. Le ndlela ayichaphazeleki kukuqhuba kwesisombululo, umbala, okanye ukucaca kwaso, nto leyo eyenza ukuba sithembeke kakhulu kwiInkqubo yeBenfield ye-CO2ukususwaNgokuchaneka kokulinganisa kwe-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.1%, iimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-ultrasonic zibonelela ngedatha echanekileyo yokugcina umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-alkali-to-bicarbonate.
Ukulinganisa Ukuqhuba: Ezi mitha zivavanya ukuhanjiswa kombane kwesisombululo, okwahluka ngokwezinga le-K+ kunye ne-HCO3-ions. Iimitha zokuhanjiswa kombane zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zifanelekile ukujonga utshintsho lwe-ionic kodwa zinokufuna imbuyekezo yobushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.
Ukulinganiswa koxinano: Ngokulinganisa uxinano lwesisombululo, olutshintsha ngokwenani le-K2CO3 kunye ne-KHCO3, ezi mitha zibonelela ngesalathiso esithembekileyo soxinzelelo. Iimitha zoxinano zichanekile kodwa zinokufuna ukulinganiswa ukuze kufumaneke utshintsho kubushushu.
Umlinganiselo weCoriolis: Nangona isetyenziswa kakhulu ekulinganiseni ukuhamba kwamanzi, iimitha zeCoriolis zinokulinganisa uxinano ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu (umz., ±0.001g/cc), zibonelela ngendlela engenamanzi yokuqikelela uxinano kwimixube enamacandelo amabini njengezisombululo ze-K2CO3 kunye ne-KHCO3.
Ezi mitha zihlala zifakelwa kumbhobho ophakathi kwe-absorber kunye ne-regenerator okanye kumgca wokujikeleza, ukuqinisekisa ukubekwa kweliso ngokupheleleyo kweinkqubo yokucoca igesiNgokubonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela, bavumela abaqhubi ukuba babone kwaye balungise ukuphambuka koxinzelelo ngoko nangoko, bethintela iingxaki ezifana nokugqwala okanye ukufunxwa okunganelanga.
Amaqhinga okufaka kunye nokudibanisa
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweabahlalutyi boxinzelelo lwe-potassium carbonate olukwi-inline, ukufakelwa okucwangcisiweyo kubalulekile. Iimitha kufuneka zibekwe kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo, ezifana nombhobho osuka kwi-absorber ukuya kwi-regenerator kunye nomgca we-lean solution recirculation, ukuze kuthathwe utshintsho loxinzelelo kuyo yonke inkqubo. Iinkqubo ezingafunekiyo zingafakwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngexesha lokugcinwa, ukunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi.
Ukuhlanganiswa neenkqubo zolawulo lwezityalo kuvumela uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo, olufana nokulawula idosi ye-K2CO3 okanye igalelo lomphunga, ngokusekelwe kwidatha yexesha langempela. Ukulinganiswa rhoqo ngezisombululo ezisemgangathweni kubalulekile ukugcina ukuchaneka, ngakumbi kwiimeko eziguqukayo zeInkqubo yokususa iBenfield CO2.
| Ubuchwepheshe | Iingenelo | Izicelo kwiBenfield Process |
| i-ultrasonic | Ukuchaneka okuphezulu, akuchaphazeleki kukuqhuba kombane | Ukubeka iliso kwi-K2CO3/KHCO3 kwimibhobho yokufunxa |
| Ukuqhuba | Ixabiso liphantsi, kulula ukuyisebenzisa | Ukulandelela utshintsho lwe-ionic kwisisombululo sokuhluza |
| Uxinano | Ithembekile kwingqikelelo yokugxila | Ukulinganisa uxinano lwesisombululo kwi-regenerator |
| ICoriolis | Ayinambhobho, ichanekileyo kakhulu | Ukubeka iliso ngokupheleleyo kwiinkqubo ezihamba ngokukhawuleza |
Le theyibhile ichaza iitekhnoloji eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwiiimitha zoxinzelelo, egxininisa ukufaneleka kwazo kwiInkqubo yaseBenfield.
Iingenelo zeeMeter zoQokelelo oluPhakathi
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi
Ukwamkelwa kweiimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-potassium carbonate ezikwi-inlineIphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwezityalo zeekhemikhali. Ngokubonelela ngedatha eqhubekayo, yexesha langempela, ezi mitha zivumela abaqhubi ukuba babone kwaye balungise ukuphambuka koxinzelelo ngoko nangoko, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo. Umzekelo, ukuthintela ukugqwala okubangelwa ngamanqanaba aphezulu e-KHCO3 kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwi-regenerator, njengoko kufuneka umphunga omncinci ukukhulula iigesi ezibanjiweyo. Ukuphucula i-K2CO3 dosing kunciphisa nenkunkuma yezinto eziluhlaza, kunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza.
In izityalo zemveliso ye-ammonia, ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo luqinisekisa umgangatho ohambelanayo wegesi yokwenziwa, kunciphisa iindleko zamandla ezinxulumene nokulungiswa kwakhona.izityalo zokucubungula igesi yendalo, ukugcina amanqanaba e-K2CO3 afanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweenkcukacha zemibhobho, kuthintelwe izohlwayo ezibizayo. Uqikelelo lweshishini lubonisa ukuba izityalo ezisebenzisa iimitha ezikwimigca zinokonga amandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% kwaye zinciphise ixesha lokusebenza ngokuzenzekela iinkqubo zokubeka esweni, zisusa isidingo sokuthathwa kweesampuli ngesandla.
Ukuqinisekisa Umgangatho Wemveliso Nokuthobela Imithetho
IInkqubo yaseBenfieldKubalulekile ukuvelisa iigesi ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yobumsulwa obungqongqo, njengamanqanaba aphantsi e-CO2 kunye ne-H2S kwi-ammonia synthesis okanye kwimibhobho yegesi yendalo.Iimitha zoxinzelelo ezikwimigcaQinisekisa ukuba isisombululo sokuhlikihla sigcina umxube ochanekileyo, nto leyo ephumela kwigesi ecocekileyo esemgangathweni ophezulu. Umzekelo, kwiizityalo zemveliso ye-hydrogen, ulawulo oluchanekileyo luxhasa ubunyulu be-hydrogen kwiinkqubo zokucoca, ngelixaizityalo ze-petrochemical, ivumela ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali ezicocekileyo kakhulu ezifana ne-ethylene oxide.
Njengoko imithetho yokusingqongileyo isanda, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yeyona nto iphambili. Iimitha ezikwimigca zinceda izityalo ukuba zibonise ukunamathela kwimigangatho yokukhupha ukungcola ngokugcina ukususwa kwe-CO2 ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezohlwayo okanye ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiizityalo zokufaka igesi yamalahle, apho ubunyulu be-syngas bubalulekile kwizicelo ezisezantsi, nakwiizityalo zokunciphisa isinyithi ngokuthe ngqo, apho umgangatho wegesi uchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Ukonga Iindleko kunye neXabiso Lexesha Elide
Iingenelo zemali zeabahlalutyi boxinzelelo lwe-potassium carbonate olukwi-inlinezibalulekile. Ngokujonga ngokuzenzekelayo uxinaniso, ezi zixhobo zinciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi ezinxulumene nokuthathwa kwesampulu ngesandla, nto leyo enokonga ukuya kuthi ga kwiyure ngosuku kwimisebenzi emikhulu. Zikwanciphisa inkunkuma ngokuthintela ukugqithiswa okanye ukunqongophala kwe-K2CO3, ziphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza. Ukongeza, ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwinqanaba lokuhlaziya, izityalo zinokonga kakhulu iindleko, ngakumbi kumashishini asebenzisa amandla amaninzi afanaukucubungula igesi yendalokwayeimveliso ye-ammonia.
Ixabiso lexesha elide liphuculwa ngakumbi kukuqina kwezi mitha, eziyilwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala ukuze zimelane nokusingqongileyo kwe-alkalineinkqubo yokucoca igesiIimfuno zabo zolondolozo oluphantsi kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukudibana neenkqubo zolawulo ezikhoyo kubenza babe lutyalo-mali olungabizi kakhulu kwizityalo zeekhemikhali ezifuna ukuphucula umgangatho wazo.Inkqubo yeBenfield yokususa igesi ene-asidi.
Ukukhetha iMeter yoQokelelo oluLungileyo oluLungileyo
Iikhrayitheriya zoKhetho oluPhambili
Ukukhetha inketho efanelekileyoimitha yoxinzelelo lwe-potassium carbonate emgceniifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwezinto ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana neemfuno zokusebenza kwezityalo zeekhemikhali:
- Ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka: Imitha kufuneka inike imilinganiselo echanekileyo (umz., ukuchaneka kwe-0.05%–0.1%) phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwe-Inkqubo yaseBenfieldukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekekayo.
- Ukumelana nobushushu kunye noxinzelelo: Kufuneka imelane neemeko zokusebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-110°C kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye ikwakhiwe ngendlela eqinileyo yokusingatha isisombululo se-alkaline.
- Ukuhambelana kwezinto: Iisensor kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala, ezifana nee-alloys ezikhethekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zihlala ixesha elide kwindawo enobungozi yeekhemikhali.
- UkuFakelwa kunye nokugcinwa lula: Le nkqubo ifanele idibane kakuhle nemibhobho ekhoyo kwaye ifune ukulungiswa okuncinci ukuze kuncitshiswe ixesha lokungasebenzi.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha: Ukuhambelana neenkqubo zolawulo lwezityalo kubalulekile ekulogeni idatha ngexesha langempela kunye nokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo, okuphucula ulawulo lwenkqubo.
Ezi khrayitheriya ziqinisekisa ukuba imitha ekhethiweyo iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezithileizityalo zemveliso ye-ammonia, izityalo zemveliso ye-hydrogen, izityalo zokucubungula igesi yendalo, izityalo ze-petrochemical, izityalo zokunciphisa isinyithi ngokuthe ngqokunyeizityalo zokufaka igesi yamalahle.
Iiteknoloji ezikhoyo kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo
Iintlobo ezininzi zeiimitha zoxinzelelozifanelekile kwiInkqubo yaseBenfield, nganye ineenzuzo ezahlukeneyo.Lkwii-meter uIimitha ze-ltrasonic zibonelela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kwaye azichaphazeleki ziimpawu zesisombululo, nto leyo ezenza zilungele imixube enzima. Iimitha zokuqhuba zibiza kancinci kodwa zinokufuna imbuyekezo yobushushu. Iimitha zoxinano zibonelela ngedatha yoxinzelelo ethembekileyo kodwa zifuna ukulinganiswa kokuguquguquka kobushushu. Iimitha zeCoriolis, nangona zibiza kakhulu, zibonelela ngemilinganiselo engenamgxobhozo kwaye zifanelekile kwiinkqubo ezihamba kakhulu.
Abaqhubi bezityalo kufuneka bavavanye ezi teknoloji ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile zenkqubo, ezifana noluhlu loxinzelelo olulindelekileyo (umz., 20–30 wt% K2CO3), ubushushu, kunye nemida yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Kwizicelo zococeko oluphezulu, njengakwiizityalo ze-petrochemical, iimitha ze-ultrasonic okanye zeCoriolis zinokukhethwa ngenxa yokuchaneka kwazo.
FAQs
Iimitha zoQokelelo ezikwi-Inline ziyenza njani iphucule inkqubo yeBenfield?
Iimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-potassium carbonate ezikwi-inlineukubonelela ngokubekwa esweni kwe-K ngexesha langempela2CO3kunye ne-KHCO3amanqanaba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isisombululo sokuhlikihla sigcina umxube ofanelekileyo ukuze usebenze kakuhleukucocwa kwegesiNgokuthintela imiba efana nokufunxa okanye ukufunxa okunganelanga, ziyaphucula ukusebenza kweI-Benfield Process Scrubber, ukubonelela ngemveliso yegesi esemgangathweni ophezulu kwizicelo ezikhoyoimveliso ye-ammoniakwayeukucubungula igesi yendalo.
Zithini iingenelo zeendleko zokusebenzisa ii-Inline Concentration Meters?
Eziiimitha zoxinzeleloukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ngokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo, ukunciphisa iimfuno zomsebenzi, nokuthintela inkunkuma ekulinganisweni gwenxa. Bakwaphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwinqanaba lokuhlaziya, bebonelela ngokonga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% kumashishini asebenzisa amandla amaninzi afanaimveliso ye-hydrogenkwayeukufakelwa kwegesi ngamalahle.
Ngaba iiMeter zoXinzelelo eziPhakathi ziyakwazi ukumelana neemeko zeNkqubo yeBenfield?
Yanamhlanjeabahlalutyi boxinzelelo lwe-potassium carbonate olukwi-inlinezenzelwe ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-110°C) kunye noxinzelelo lwe-Inkqubo yaseBenfieldZakhiwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza ixesha elide kwindawo ene-alkalineinkqubo yokucoca igesi.
Isiphelo
Iimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-potassium carbonate ezikwi-inlinekwayeabahlalutyizibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngconoInkqubo yaseBenfield, okuvumela izityalo zeekhemikhali ukuba zilawule ngokuchanekileyo i-K2CO3kunye ne-KHCO3Ngokubonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela, ezi zixhobo ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhleukucocwa kwegesi, thintela iingxaki zokusebenza ezifana nokugqwala, kwaye uqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo kunye nomgangatho.
Kwamashishini afana neizityalo zemveliso ye-ammonia,izityalo zemveliso ye-hydrogen,izityalo zokucubungula igesi yendalo,izityalo ze-petrochemical,izityalo zokunciphisa isinyithi ngokuthe ngqokunyeizityalo zokufaka igesi yamalahle, ukwamkela ezi zinto ziphambiliiimitha zoxinzelelolutyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo olubonelela ngokonga iindleko okukhulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.i-lonnmeternamhlanje ukuze uhlolisise izinto ezenziwe ngokwezifisoiimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-potassium carbonate ezikwi-inlinekwaye uvule amandla apheleleyo akhoinkqubo yokucoca igesi.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-26-2025
