Ukudada kwe-Iron Ore: Imigaqo, Injongo, kunye neeNzuzo zoBuchule
Ukuqengqeleka kwesinyithi yinkqubo yokucubungula izimbiwa ephucula ukubuyiselwa kunye nomgangatho we-iron concentrate. Isebenza ngokwahlula ngokukhethayo iiminerali ezixabisekileyo ezine-iron, ezifana ne-hematite kunye ne-magnetite, kwiiminerali ze-gangue ezingafunekiyo ezifana ne-silica, i-alumina, kunye ne-sulfur. Le nkqubo ixhomekeke kumahluko kwi-surface chemistry, evumela ukukhululwa okuhlukeneyo kunye nokuqengqeleka okukhethiweyo kweeminerali ekujoliswe kuzo ukuze kuphuculwe ubumsulwa be-concentrate kunye nomgangatho.
Ukwahlulwahlulwa okuKhethekileyo kweeMinerali eziBalulekileyo
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwe-flotation kuqhutywa kukufunxwa kwabaqokeleli kunye nama-frothers aguqula umphezulu weeminerali. Umzekelo, abaqokeleli be-cationic abafana nee-etheramines bajolise kwi-silica, okwenza ukuba i-flotation yayo ivele kwi-iron oxides. Abaqokeleli be-anionic abafana nee-fatty acids basebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ze-iron oxide, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ziphinde zifumaneke. Inkqubela phambili yakutshanje ibandakanya iinkqubo zokuqokelela ezixutyiweyo—i-etheramine, i-amidoamine, kunye ne-MIBC—efezekisa ukhetho oluphuculweyo lwe-hematite/goethite kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kokwahlulwa kwe-flotation.
Ukulawula iiparameter zenkqubo, kuquka ulawulo loxinano lwe-flotation circuit kunye nohlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo lwe-reagent dosing, kubalulekile. Iimitha zoxinano lwe-iron ore ezithembekileyo kakhulu ezifana ne-Lonnmeter exhasa ulawulo lozinzo lwe-parameter yenkqubo ngokwandisa ulwahlulo olufanelekileyo lwe-mineral-gangue, ukuthintela ukuguquguquka koxinano lwe-slurry.
Ukudada kwe-Iron Ore
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Ukususwa kokungcola kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho we-ore
Ukususa ukungcola ngexesha lokudada kuphakamisa ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo lwe-iron concentrate grade. I-silica, i-alumina, kunye ne-sulfur ziyaliwa, nto leyo evelisa i-iron concentrate ephezulu ebangela ukuba kuncitshiswe amandla amaninzi ekunyibilikiseni okungaphantsi komsinga. Ukulungiswa kwedosi yokuqokelela kunye ne-frother, enikwe ii-sensors eziphambili, kuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-reagent kwaye kunciphisa inkunkuma ye-reagent.
Ukwahlulwa kweeminerali kunye neegangue okusebenzayo kunciphisa ukufundwa kwemitha yoxinano lwesinyithi, okukhokelela ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle koxinano. Ukunciphisa umxholo wokungcola kuxhasa ukuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo ngokunciphisa ukwakheka kwemveliso eyingozi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-Ore ezikumgangatho ophantsi kunye nokwandiswa kwezixhobo
Iintsimbi zesinyithi ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ezibonakala ngokukhululeka kakubi kwezimbiwa kunye nokudibana okuntsonkothileyo, zihlala zifuna ukutyibilika ukuze kuphuculwe uqoqosho. Ukutyibilika kwenza kube lula ukusetyenziswa kwee-banded iron formations (BIFs) kunye nee-lean ores ngokugxila ngokukhethekileyo ii-iron oxides. Ukudibanisa ukutyibilika kunye neendlela zangaphambi kokuxinanisa kwandisa ukutsalwa kwezixhobo, kunciphisa imilambo yenkunkuma, kwaye kuxhasa ukujonga uxinano lweentsalela ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo.
Imizekelo ibandakanya ukuphuculwa apho ukudada emva kokwahlulwa komxhuzulane kususa ngempumelelo i-gangue, ukuphucula i-concentrate ukuya kwi-steelmaking specification kunye nokunciphisa ukufunyaniswa kwe-iron ore engafunyanwanga.
Impembelelo yezoqoqosho yokudada
Ukwanda komgangatho we-iron concentrate kunciphisa iimfuno zamandla kunye neendleko zemveliso ekucutshungulweni okulandelayo. Ulawulo lweendleko zemveliso yeFlotation luvela ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla okuhluza okuncitshisiweyo kunye nokuthintela ukuvaleka kwesihluzo. Ukwahlulwahlulwa okusebenzayo kunciphisa iimfuno zokuthintela ukuguguleka kwemibhobho kunye nokuvaleka kwayo, okukhuthaza ixesha elide lenkqubo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokugcina.
Ukubeka esweni okuqhubekekayo kwi-intanethi, okufana nokuzinza kwe-iron concentrate grade kunye nokulinganisa uxinano lwe-tailings ngokusebenzisaimitha yoxinano lwe-slurry, iqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi iyahlangabezana neemfuno zokugcina izinto ezisele, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekuthotyelweni kwemithetho.
Ukuncitshiswa kweNyathelo yoBume beNdalo
Ukudada kuncedisa ekugcinweni kwendalo ngokuncedisa ulawulo lweentsalela kunye nokunciphisa i-iron ore engakafunyanwa. Umgangatho ophuculweyo weentsalela ngokusebenzisa ukudada okusebenzayo kuxhasa ukubuyiselwa komhlaba, kunciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala, kwaye kunciphisa umthamo wokulahla izinto ezinobungozi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwetekhnoloji zokuphucula i-bio kuqhubela phambili ukunciphisa inkunkuma ye-reagent kwaye kukhuthaza uzinzo.
Uzinzo lweparameter yenkqubo kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-reagent luthetha ukukhutshwa okuncinci kweekhemikhali kunye nokukhutshwa kwazo, okulungelelanisa imisebenzi nemigangatho yemithetho emitsha. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi zicwangciso ziqinisa indima ye-flotation ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kobugcisa kunye nokusingqongileyo kokucubungula i-iron ore.
Izixhobo eziphambili kunye neeTekhnoloji kwi-Iron Ore Flotation
Iiseli zeFlotation kwiMineral Processing
Iisekethe zokudada zentsimbi zixhomekeke kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeeseli: iiseli zoomatshini, iikholamu, kunye neeseli zomoya. Iiseli zokudada zentsimbi zinezixhobo zokushukumisa kunye nee-impeller ukuqinisekisa ukuxubana okusebenzayo, okuqhele ukusetyenziswa ekuphatheni kwazo ukutya okuqinileyo nokucolekileyo. Iiseli zokudada zekholomu, ezinde kwaye zincinci, zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwamasuntswana amancinci ngokuvelisa indawo ethambileyo yeqamza kunye nendawo enogwebu oluzinzileyo. Iiseli zokudada ze-pneumatic zisebenzisa iijethi zomoya endaweni yokudada kwentsimbi, ziphucula ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kwaye zinciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ii-hydrodynamics zeseli—oko kukuthi ixesha lokuhlala, ukuhamba komoya, kunye nobukhulu beqamza—zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwe-flotation. Amaxesha okuhlala amade enza kube lula ukunxibelelana okwaneleyo phakathi kwamasuntswana eeminerali kunye namaqamza, ngelixa ukuphucula ukuhamba komoya kunye nobukhulu beqamza kuphucula ukukhetha phakathi kweeminerali ezixabisekileyo kunye ne-gangue. Umzekelo, ukuhamba komoya okwandileyo kunokuphucula amazinga okungqubana kwamaqamza kunye namaqhekeza, kodwa ukuxinana okugqithisileyo kunokunciphisa ukuchaneka kokwahlulwa.
Iimpawu zoyilo lweeseli ze-flotation zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwesekethe kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo. Iiseli ezine-adjustable air input, uyilo olutsha lwe-impeller, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ezidibeneyo zivumela ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nangona kukho umahluko kwi-feed slurry density kunye nokwakheka kwe-ore. Uthotho lweeseli ze-flotation lubonisa inkqubela phambili yokusebenza ngolawulo lwe-PLC oluzenzekelayo, ukujonga ngexesha langempela, kunye nokulungiswa kwe-reagent dosing ekrelekrele, ukunciphisa inkunkuma ye-reagent kunye nokuxhasa umgangatho oqhubekayo wokugxila. Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zisebenzisa uhlalutyo lomfanekiso we-live froth kunye nokufunda koomatshini ukuze kulungiswe ngokukhawuleza iiparameter zokusebenza, kuncitshiswe ukuphambuka kunye nokwenza ngcono umgangatho wemveliso. Ukujonga okudibeneyo kubangela utshintsho oluchanekileyo kwimilinganiselo yokuqokelela kunye ne-frother, okuvumela ukunciphisa ilahleko ye-reagent kunye neendleko zemveliso. Olu phuculo luvumela imisebenzi ukuba igcine ukusebenza okuphezulu kokwahlulwa kwe-flotation kunye nokunciphisa i-iron ore engafunyanwanga.
Ukulinganisa kunye noLawulo loxinano lweSlurry
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinano lwe-slurry lubalulekile ekuzinzeni kwesekethe yokudada.imitha yoxinano lwe-iron ore slurry(ezifana neemitha ze-ultrasonic) zibonelela ngokufundwa koxinano oluchanekileyo, olungena-radioactive, olubalulekileyo kulawulo lwenkqubo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Iimpawu ziquka ukungakhuseleki ekulinganisweni kwemibhobho, impendulo ekhawulezileyo, kunye nokuhambelana neenkqubo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo. Ngokwenyani, ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kwenza abaqhubi bakwazi ukuphendula ngoko nangoko ekuguquguqukeni koxinano, ukuzinzisa ukuchaneka kokwahlulwa kweflotation kunye nokuthintela iimpazamo eziqhutywa luxinano olufana nokugqithiswa kwe-mill okanye ukuvaleka kwemibhobho.
Imitha yoxinano lwesinyithi esiqinileyo isetyenziswa kwiindawo zokutyeba ukuqinisekisa uxinano lwesinyithi esijolise kuso. Oku kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle koxinano lwesinyithi kwaye kugcina uzinzo lwesinyithi esiqinileyo ngokuvumela ukondliwa rhoqo, okufanelekileyo kwiiyunithi zokuhluza kunye ne-pelletizing. Uxinano lwesinyithi esizinzileyo luphucula ukwenziwa kokucoca ngelixa kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvaleka kwesihluzo. Ukulungisa amazinga okufaka amanzi kunye nokutya komxube ngokusekelwe kufundo lwexesha langempela kunciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kokuphazamiseka kokucoca, kuxhasa ukubuyiselwa komgangatho okuzinzileyo, kwaye kuxhasa ulawulo lweendleko zemveliso.
Ukulinganiswa koxinano lweentsalela zesinyithi kubalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zokugcina iintsalela zesinyithi kunye nokufezekisa ukusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kweentsalela zesinyithi. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo koxinano lweentsalela zesinyithi kwazisa uyilo lwedama kunye nezigqibo zokusebenza, kuthintela iingozi zokhuseleko kunye nokwenza kube lula ukufunyanwa kwezixhobo ezilandelayo. Uxinano lweentsalela zesinyithi ezizinzileyo luxhasa ulawulo lozinzo lweparamitha yenkqubo esezantsi kwaye lwenza kube lula ukubona intsalela yesinyithi engafunyanwanga kwimijelo yeentsalela zesinyithi.
Iinkqubo zolawulo loxinano lwe-slurry zexesha langempela zidibanisa ukufundwa okuvela kwiindawo ezininzi zesekethe—ukondla, ukugxila, ukuqina, kunye neentsalela—ukuqinisekisa ukuthintela ukuguguleka kwemibhobho kunye nokuvaleka kwesihluzi kuyo yonke indlela yokuhamba kobuncwane. Umzekelo, ukulungiswa koxinano ngokukhawuleza kuthintela ukuqokelelana okuqinileyo kwimibhobho, kunciphisa ukugcinwa kunye nokwandisa ubomi bezixhobo. Izinto eziguquguqukayo zenkqubo yokuzinzisa zixhasa idosi echanekileyo ye-reagent, idosi eqokelelweyo yokuqokelela kunye ne-frother, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwe-flotation iyonke. Ii-loops zempendulo yoxinano oluzenzekelayo, kunye neLonnmeterimitha yoxinano lwe-slurry ye-ultrasonickunye neemitha zoxinano ezihambelanayo, zibalulekile kulawulo loxinano lwe-flotation circuit yanamhlanje, okuvumela ukukala okuthembekileyo ukusuka kwilebhu ukuya kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso.
Iiparameter zeNkqubo Ukuphucula uLwahlulo lwe-Iron Ore Flotation
Ukulungiswa kweDosage yomQokeleli kunye neFrother
Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokuqokelela kunye nokufaka i-frother ubalulekile kwinkqubo yokuntywila kwe-iron ore ukuqinisekisa ukwahlukana okusebenzayo kweeminerali kunye ne-gangue. Iziqokeleli ezifana nee-fatty acids okanye ii-hydroxamates zibopha ngokukhethekileyo kwiiminerali zesinyithi, ngelixa ii-frothers—njenge-MIBC—zizinzisa i-foam kwaye zilawula ubungakanani beqamza. Zombini ezi reagents zifuna ukhetho oluchanekileyo kunye nomlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokufumana kwakhona izimbiwa kwaye zinciphise inkunkuma ye reagent.
Izifundo zakutshanje ezisebenzisa iResponse Surface Methodology (RSM) zichonge idosi yomqokeleli emalunga ne-80 ml/kg kunye nedosi yomqokeleli ephantse ibe yi-50 ml/kg njengeyona ifanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokutyibilika kwesinyithi kwi-iron ore slimes. Ezi dosi, ezilungisiweyo kuhlobo lwe-ore kunye neenjongo zenkqubo, zinikezele ngokusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwe-flotation kunye nomgangatho ophuculweyo wokugxila. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, imixube ye-reagent engaqhelekanga, ingakumbi imixube yabaqokeleli kunye ne-MIBC njenge-frother, iphumelele kakhulu kwiindlela ze-single-reagent—okukhokelela ekukhetheni okungcono kunye nokubuyiselwa okuphezulu. Ukulungiswa kakuhle koxinzelelo lwe-frother kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-flotation yamasuntswana aqinileyo; uhlengahlengiso oluncinci lunokuchaphazela kungekuphela nje ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kodwa kunye neemfuno zamandla, njengoko ukwakheka kwesakhiwo se-bubble esifanelekileyo kuvumela ukugaywa okuqinileyo kunye nokonga amandla.
Ukulungiswa kwedosi ye-reagent ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile. Ukongezwa okunganelanga kwe-collector/frother kunciphisa ukubuyiselwa kunye nomgangatho wokugxila; umsebenzisi ogqithisileyo unyusa iindleko kwaye unokungenisa ukungcola. Iinkqubo ze-dosing ezizenzekelayo zanamhlanje zidityaniswa nempendulo yexesha langempela evela kwiimitha zoxinano lwe-iron ore, ezifana neLonnmeter. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zilungelelanisa amazinga oxinano ngokusekelwe kutshintsho kuxinano lwe-slurry, ziqinisekisa iimeko zenkqubo ezizinzileyo kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma ye-reagent. Izifundo zakutshanje zezeshishini zibonisa ukuba ukudibanisa impendulo ye-sensor kwiinkqubo zokulinganisa i-reagent kuphucula ukusebenza kokucutshungulwa kwezimbiwa zeseli ye-flotation kunye nolawulo lweendleko zemveliso.
Ukuthintela ukuguquguquka kobuninzi beSlurry
Ukugcina uxinano lwe-slurry oluhlala luhleli kwisekethe yokutyibiliza kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kokwahlulwa kwe-flotation kunye nomgangatho ozinzileyo we-iron concentrate. Ukuguquguquka koxinano kunokubangela ukuziphatha okungaguqukiyo kwe-bubble, ukusasazwa kwe-reagent okungaguqukiyo, kunye nemiba yokusebenza efana nokuvaleka kwesihluzo okanye ukuguguleka kwepayipi. Iinkqubo zolawulo ezizenzekelayo, ezikhokelwa zizilinganiso zoxinano lwexesha langempela ezivela kwiimitha zoxinano lwe-slurry, zinceda abaqhubi ukuba balungise ngokukhawuleza ukongezwa kwamanzi kunye nezinto eziqinileyo kwisekethe. Oku kunciphisa ukuguquguquka okubangelwa kukutshintsha kokutya okanye ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza.
Amaqhinga enkqubo aquka ukulinganisela rhoqo ukongezwa kwamanzi kunye nokulungisa iipompo zokufunxa amanzi okanye ukutya ngokusekelwe kwimveliso evela kwiimitha zoxinano. Ukuba ukutya kuba yinciphiso (uxinano luyawa), iivalvu ezizenzekelayo zinciphisa ukungena kwamanzi okanye zonyuse ukutya okuqinileyo. Xa uxinano lunyuka (luba lukhuni kakhulu), amanzi ayongezwa ukugcina uluhlu olufanelekileyo lokudada ngempumelelo. Ezi ndlela aziqinisekisi nje kuphela ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweseli yokudada kodwa zikwaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokujiya kwe-concentrate, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuhluza, kunye nokuthintela ukuvaleka kwe-membrane yesihluzo.
Iimitha eziphambili, ezifanaILonnmeteri-analyzer yoxinano lwe-slurry, vumela ukulinganiswa koxinano lwentsimbi oluqina ngexesha langempela. Oku kuxhasa umgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo kunye nokususwa komswakama okusebenzayo emva kokuntywila. Ukuze kulawulwe inkqubo epheleleyo, abahloli boxinano lwentsalela baqinisekisa ukuba imilambo yokulahla inkunkuma iyahlangabezana neemfuno zokugcina kwaye baxhasa ukuchongwa kwentsimbi engafunyanwanga ukuze kuphuculwe inkqubo.
Iiparameters zeFlotation ezibalulekileyo kunye noLawulo lwazo
Iqela leenguqu eziphambili zenkqubo kufuneka zilawulwe ukuze kubekho ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwe-flotation okuzinzileyo. Isantya se-impeller, izinga lomoya, kunye nexesha lokuhlala zezona zinto ziphambili. Ukulungiswa kwazo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuveliswa kwamaqamza, ukuxuba, kunye nexesha elichithwa ziiminerali kwiiseli ze-flotation. Ukulungisa ezi nguqu ngaphandle kwempendulo yenkqubo eqhubekayo kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo: isantya esiphezulu se-impeller sinokubangela ukufakwa kwamasuntswana; amazinga aphantsi omoya anokubangela ukubuyiselwa kwezimbiwa okungaphelelanga.
Ukulinganisa ezi parameters kubandakanya ukudibanisa utshintsho lwenkqubo nokufundwa okuvela kwiimitha zoxinano lwesinyithi kunye nezixhobo zokubeka esweni i-concentrate. Abaqhubi basebenzisa imodeli yecandelo lokudada—eyakhiwe ngedatha yovavanyo—kwaye bayidibanise kwinkqubo yolawulo lwesityalo, ivumela uhlengahlengiso oluqikelelweyo. Umzekelo, utshintsho kuxinano lokufaka olufunyenwe ziisenzi lubangela utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwisantya se-impeller okanye ukuhamba komoya ukuze kugcinwe iifestile ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza.
Ukubeka esweni ngokuchanekileyo uxinano lwe-input kunye ne-output density guides nxamnye nokulahleka kwe-iron ore engafunyanwanga. Ukuba ii-tailings density sensors zibhalisa ukuphambuka, abaqhubi banokungenelela ngokunyusa ixesha lokuhlala okanye ukuguqula ukongezwa kwe-reagent. Olu tshintsho lwempendulo luphucula uzinzo lwe-parameter, luqinisekisa isivuno esiphucukileyo kunye nomgangatho ozinzileyo wokugxila. Isiphumo kukuchaneka kokwahlulwa kwe-flotation okuphuculweyo, ukuthintela ukulahleka kwezimbiwa ezingafunyanwanga, kunye nolawulo lozinzo lwe-process parameter.
Ukuphucula Iziphumo zeNkqubo: Ukusuka ekwaHlukeni okuSebenzayo ukuya ekuSebenzeni kakuhle kweendleko
Ukwahlulwa kweeminerali kunye neeGangue okusebenzayo
Ukunyusa ukukhetha kwe-flotation kwi-iron ore flotation kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwe-reagent ekujoliswe kuyo. Abaqokeleli abakhethiweyo, njenge-alkyl etheramines, bakhetha ukufunxa iiminerali zentsimbi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingabi namanzi kwaye ikhuthaze i-flotation, ngelixa izinto ezidambisayo ezifana ne-starch kunye ne-sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) zenza iiminerali ze-gangue zibe ne-hydrophilic, zicinezele i-flotation yazo. Inkqubo ye-ternary collector-frother ibonisa ukuba indibaniselwano ethile yee-reagents inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwahlulwa kwaye inciphise umxholo we-silica kunye ne-alumina kwi-concentrate, ngakumbi kwi-ores ezintsonkothileyo. Umzekelo, i-SHMP icinezela kakhulu i-chlorite ngaphandle kokuchaphazela i-specularite flotation, ivumela ukususwa okusebenzayo kwe-silicate gangue.
Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo kulinganisela ukusebenza komqokeleli kunye namandla okudambisa. Ukudakumba okugqithisileyo kunciphisa ukubuyiselwa kwesinyithi; ukukhetha okunganelanga kungcolisa i-concentrates. Izixhobo zokulinganisa ezidibeneyo, ezifana neemitha zoxinano lwe-iron ore slurry density meters (kubandakanya iLonnmeter), zivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwi-slurry density kunye ne-reagent dosing, zinciphisa ilahleko ze-Fe kunye nokuzinzisa i-concentrate grade. Abaqhubi balungisa umoya, ii-reagent dosages, kunye namanqanaba eeseli ngokuphendula kwidatha yoxinano oluqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa iziphumo zokwahlukana ezihambelanayo. Iimodeli zokufunda koomatshini ziqikelela ngakumbi kwaye ziphucula umgangatho woxinano phantsi kweemeko eziguqukayo.
Ukwandisa ukuQinisa kunye noLungiso lwe-Concentrate
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqina nokuhluza kubalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zokukhupha amanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwe-iron ore flotation. Ukuqina kwandisa uxinano lwezinto eziqinileyo ngokusebenzisa amandla ombane okanye ukuqubha; ukuhluza kususa amanzi aseleyo ukuze kuveliswe iikeyiki zokucoca ezomileyo. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo ngezixhobo ezifana neLonnmeterimitha yoxinano lokuqina kwesinyithikuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ayahlangabezana neemfuno zoxinano ezimiselweyo zokususwa kwamanzi emva koko kunye nokugcinwa ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ukuphucula ukuqina kwe-concentrate kufuna idosi efanelekileyo ye-flocculant ukuze kwandiswe uxinano olungaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nokuphucula ukucaca kokugcwala. Eli nyathelo lichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indlela esebenza kakuhle ngayo i-filtration. I-Membrane filter icinezela, emva kokuqina kwayo, ifezekisa ngokuthembekileyo ii-filter cakes ezinomda wokufuma ongaphantsi kwe-6%, ixhasa imveliso ye-iron concentrate ephezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okucoca kuyehla xa i-cake adhesion kunye ne-cohesion zilawulwa; iimodeli zethiyori ziqikelela ukusebenza kwe-detachment phantsi koxinzelelo oluthile kunye nonyango lwe-cake. Ukuthintela ukuvaleka kwe-filter kuxhomekeke kwiipropati ze-slurry ezilawulwayo—ngakumbi uxinano oluhambelanayo kunye ne-viscosity—ezifezekiswa ngokulinganisa ngexesha langempela kunye ne-dosing echanekileyo.
Ulawulo lweeNtsalela kunye nokuFunyanwa kweeNtsalela ezingafunyanwanga
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lweentsalela zesinyithi kwi-iron ore flotation luxhomekeke ekujongeni ngokuchanekileyo uxinano lweentsalela zesinyithi ukuze kukhuseleke, kubuyiselwe izixhobo, kwaye kusetyenziswe. Ukulinganiswa koxinano lweentsalela zesinyithi, ngokusebenzisaizinzwa ezizenzekelayo eziqhubekayo(ezifana nezo zihlanganiswe yiLonnmeter), ziqinisekisa ukuba iintsalela zamanzi ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zoxinano ukuze zigcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye zivumela ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi kwakhona. Iintsalela zamanzi ezinoxinano olungalindelekanga zibeka umngcipheko wokusilela kwamadama kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba ngendlela engafanelekanga.
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-tailings ezipheleleyo kufuna iinkqubo ezibona intsimbi engakafunyanwa. Iisekethe ezisekelwe kwi-sensor zichonga intsimbi kwimijelo yee-tailings, nto leyo evumela abaqhubi ukuba baphucule ulungelelwaniso lweesekethe ze-flotation, bafumane i-ore elahlekileyo, kwaye baphucule ukubuyiselwa kwenkqubo iyonke. Intsimbi efunyenweyo kwii-tailings inokuphinda idityaniswe ngokuphinda isetyenzwe, nto leyo eyonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo.
Ulawulo lweendleko zemveliso ngokusebenzisa amandla kunye nokonga i-reagent
Ulawulo lweendleko zemveliso kwi-iron ore flotation lugxile ekongeni i-reagent kunye namandla. Ukubeka iliso kwi-slurry density ngexesha langempela kuvumela uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo lwe-reagent dosing. Uhlalutyo lwe-froth olusekelwe kwimifanekiso kunye neetekhnoloji zolawulo ezihambelanayo zinciphisa idosi yomqokeleli kunye ne-frother-ukunciphisa inkunkuma ye-reagent kunye nokwandisa ukwahlukana kweeminerali okusebenzayo. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamanzi enkqubo aqulethe i-residual amine collectors kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent entsha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-46% ngaphandle kokunciphisa i-concentrate grade okanye ukubuyiselwa.
Ukonga amandla kwenzeka kunye nokulinganisa i-reagent ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi kwe-flotation kunokwenzeka ngoxinano oluzinzileyo lwe-slurry kunye nolawulo lweeparamitha zenkqubo, kuncediswa yimpendulo ye-sensor kunye neemodeli zokufunda koomatshini. Ekuqineni nasekuhluzeni, ukugcina uxinano olufanelekileyo lwe-feed kunciphisa amaxesha omjikelo kunye nemfuno yamandla ocinezelo lwe-filter. Ukongeza, ukuthintela ukuguguleka kunye nokuvaleka kwepayipi—ngeempawu ze-slurry ezizinzileyo kunye noxinano—kunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa kwaye kwandisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza.
Ukudada komsila
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Ukuhlanganiswa kweNkqubo ePhambili: Ulawulo oluZinzileyo kunye nokuPhucula ukusebenza kakuhle
Uzinzo lweparameter yenkqubo kwinkqubo yokudada kwentsimbi yesinyithi lufezekiswa ngokuhlanganisa umlinganiselo woxinano oluchanekileyo kunye nolawulo lwesekethe oluphendulayo. Ukubeka esweni uxinano lweslurry ngexesha langempela kubalulekile; izixhobo ezifanaIimitha zoxinano lweLonnmeter ukubonelela ngedatha echanekileyo nephindaphindayo enika ulwazi ngezigqibo zolawulo kwaye ithintele ukuguquguquka koxinano ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa zeeseli ze-flotation. Ukulinganiswa koxinano okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukwahlukana okusebenzayo kwezimbiwa kunye ne-gangue, kuxhasa ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlukana kwe-flotation, kwaye kuthintela imiba eqhelekileyo yokusebenza efana nokuvaleka kwesihluzi, ukuguguleka kwemibhobho, kunye nokuphambuka koxinano lokugcina intsalela.
Iimitha zoxinano lweLonnmeter, ezineempazamo ezingaphantsi kwe-±0.001 g/cm³, zivumela ukufunyanwa nokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza koxinano lweslurry. Eli nqanaba lolawulo lizinzisa ukuqina kwe-iron concentrate, liphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqina kwe-concentrate, kwaye linciphisa i-iron ore engafunyanwanga kwiintsalela. Impendulo yoxinano oluchanekileyo lwenza isiseko sohlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo lwee-reagents—iidosi zokuqokelela kunye ne-frother—kunye nolawulo lwexesha langempela lweeparamitha zesekethe ye-flotation ukugcina uzinzo lwe-iron concentrate grade kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuhluza. Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo ezisebenzisa ii-loops zolawulo lwempendulo ezenzekelayo kunye ne-model predictive control (MPC) frameworks zisabela ngokuguquguqukayo kwiinguqu zoxinano, zithintela ukuvaleka kwesihluzo kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno zoxinano lwe-tailings.
Ukulinganisela umgangatho wokugxila kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela kwi-iron ore flotation kufuna ukuqonda ukusebenzisana okuntsonkothileyo phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo zenkqubo. Indlela yoMphezulu weNgxelo (RSM) isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-multivariate optimization, ivumela abaqhubi ukuba balinganise impembelelo yeendibaniselwano zeparameter ezifana nenqanaba le-pH, ubungakanani be-particle, i-reagent dosage, kunye ne-aeration rate kwimveliso kunye ne-grade. Iimodeli ze-RSM-ANN hybrid zibonakalisiwe ukuba zibonelela ngokuchaneka okuqikelelweyo kwe-R² > 0.98 kwiinkqubo ze-mineral flotation. Uyilo lweCentral Composite (CCD) kunye ne-advanced optimization algorithms—ezifana ne-Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG)—zichaza ngokwenkqubo iifestile zenkqubo ezifanelekileyo, zihlala zikhokelela ekubuyiselweni kwesinyithi kusondela kwi-95% ngelixa zinciphisa ungcoliseko lwe-SiO₂. Ezi modeli zixhasa ukulungiswa kwe-reagent dosing echanekileyo, ukulungiswa kwe-collector kunye ne-frother dosage, kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma ye-reagent, ezibaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lweendleko zemveliso kunye nokuphuculwa kokuchaneka kokwahlulwa kwe-flotation.
Impendulo ekhawulezayo yenkqubo kwiimpawu zokutya ezitshintshayo ivuselelwa zizixhobo ezidibanisa umlinganiselo ophezulu womzimba kunye nomzekelo oqhutywa yidatha. Impendulo ephezulu evela kumlinganiselo woxinano ivumela ukulungiswa kwangoko kwesantya sokuhamba, idosi ye-reagent, kunye nomoya, ukugcina iithagethi zokusebenza kuzo zonke iiklasi ze-ore eziguqukayo kunye ne-mineralogies. Iindlela zokufunda koomatshini, kubandakanya amawele edijithali eesekethe zokudada kunye nohlalutyo lomfanekiso we-froth olusekwe kwi-AI, zibonelela ngezakhono zokulawula ezilungelelanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuphambuka kwisakhiwo sokutya okanye uxinano lwe-slurry. Izixhobo zokulinganisa ezifana ne-JKSimFloat ziphucula ngakumbi uyilo lwesekethe kunye namaqhinga okusebenza ngokuvumela uvavanyo olubonakalayo "lwentoni-ukuba" , oluxhasa uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo oluqinileyo ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni iiasethi zemveliso. Umzekelo, ukulungiswa kwangoko kwezicwangciso zesekethe ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo woxinano lwe-iron ore kugcina uxinano lwe-tailings ngaphakathi kwemida yokuthobela ngelixa kwandisa ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwezixhobo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweemitha zoxinano olunobuthathaka ezifana neLonnmeter neenkqubo zolawulo lokuqikelela—kuquka ityhubhu ye-MPC eqinileyo esekwe kwi-contraction metric—kuqinisekisa ukuba uzinzo lweparameter lugcinwa ngokukhutheleyo kuzo zonke izigaba zokusila kunye nokudada. Ngokusebenzisa ukujonga inkqubo okuqhubekayo kunye ne-adaptive response algorithms, abaqhubi bafikelela kumgangatho wemveliso ongagungqiyo kunye namazinga aphezulu okubuyisela kwi-iron ore flotation, ngelixa ngaxeshanye belawula iindleko zokusebenza kwaye bethintela imiba yokugcina i-filtration, i-pipeline, kunye ne-tailings.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
Iyintoni inkqubo yokudada kwesinyithi kwaye kutheni uxinano lwe-slurry lubalulekile?
Inkqubo yokuqubha kwesinyithi i-iron ore ikhetha ukwahlula iiminerali zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo kwi-gangue ngokuncamathisela amasuntswana eminerali kwiibhamuza zomoya kwiisekethe zokucubungula izimbiwa ze-flotation cells. Oku kuvelisa i-concentrate yodidi oluphezulu enobunyulu obuphuculweyo. Uxinano lwe-slurry luphawu oluphambili ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwe-flotation, oluchaphazela indlela amasuntswana asasazwa ngayo phakathi kwe-froth kunye ne-tailings. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo luthintela imiba efana nokuzinza kwe-froth okungalunganga, ukuncipha kokubuyiselwa, kunye nemiqobo yokucoca. Ukulawula uxinano lwe-slurry kuqinisekisa ukwahlukana kwe-mineral kunye ne-gangue okusebenzayo, ulawulo lozinzo lwe-process parameter, kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo ezisezantsi, kubandakanya izihluzi kunye neziqinisi.
Iimitha zoxinano lwe-iron ore slurry zinceda njani kwimisebenzi yesekethe yokutyibilika?
Iimitha zoxinano lwe-iron ore, ezifana nezo zivela eLonnmeter, zibonelela ngokulinganisa okuqhubekayo, ngexesha langempela koxinano lwe-pulp kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zokulawula. Le datha ivumela ulawulo loxinano lwe-flotation circuit, oluyimfuneko ekugcineni iimeko zokwahlula ezihambelanayo. Impendulo ezenzekelayo ivumela ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kweeparamitha zenkqubo, kubandakanya ukulungiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwedosi ye-reagent kunye nokuhamba komoya, ukuqinisekisa ukuphuculwa kokuchaneka kokwahlula kwe-flotation. Ezi zibonelelo ziquka ukuthintela ukuguquguquka koxinano lwe-slurry, ukuthintela ukuguguleka kunye nokuvaleka kwemibhobho, kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo. Abaqhubi banokuthintela ukulahleka kwe-ore engafunyanwanga, ukunyusa ukuphuma kwesekethe, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso ngemisebenzi ezinzileyo nesebenzayo exhaswa yitekhnoloji yokulinganisa echanekileyo.
Idosi yomqokeleli kunye ne-frother ingenziwa njani ngcono xa kusenziwa i-flotation?
Ukulungiswa kwedosi yomqokeleli kunye ne-frother kuxhomekeke kuxinano lwexesha langempela kunye nedatha yenkqubo. Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluhambelanayo kuvumela iinkqubo zokulinganisa ukuba zilungelelanise neemeko zokutya eziguquguqukayo, kunciphisa inkunkuma ye-reagent kwaye kuphucule ukuchaneka kokwahlulwa kwe-flotation. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa eziphucukileyo zinciphisa ngakumbi ukuguquguquka, okubangela uzinzo lwenqanaba lokugxila kunye neendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi kwizityalo zokucubungula izimbiwa. Umzekelo, ukongezwa kwe-reagent ngokuzenzekelayo, okuxhaswa yimpendulo yoxinano kwi-intanethi, kunciphisa zombini iimeko zokulinganisa kakhulu kunye nokulinganisa ngaphantsi kwedosi ebezinokuthi ngenye indlela zonakalise ukusebenza kwesekethe ye-flotation kwaye zinyuse iimfuno zolawulo lweendleko zemveliso.
Kutheni ukulinganiswa koxinano lwe-iron concentrate kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezityalo?
Ukulinganisa uxinano lwe-iron concentrate kubalulekile ekususeni amanzi ngokufanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuphuculwa kokusebenza koxinano kunye nomgangatho ozinzileyo we-iron concentrate. Ukubeka esweni ngokuchanekileyo kuthintela ukuvaleka kwesihluzo, kunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuhluza, kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana neemfuno zokufuma zokugcina nokuthumela. Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwe-thickener, oluxhaswa yi-iron concentrate density meter, luvumela ulawulo oluhambelanayo lwamanzi kwaye luqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zesihluzo zisebenza ngexesha eliphezulu, ngaloo ndlela zixhasa iinjongo zoqoqosho nezobuchwephesha zesityalo.
Ukubeka iliso kuxinano lweentsalela zenkunkuma kuphucula njani ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo?
Ukubeka iliso kuxinano lweentsinga ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuzinza. Ukulinganiswa koxinano lweentsinga zeentsinga zesinyithi kunceda izityalo zihlangabezane neemfuno zokugcina uxinano lweentsinga kunye nemigangatho yolawulo yokugcina kunye nokukhupha. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kubonelela ngesilumkiso kwangethuba malunga notshintsho lwenkqubo okanye ukuhamba kwamanzi, kunciphisa umngcipheko weziganeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nokuguguleka kwezixhobo. Ikwavumela ukubonwa kwentsinga yesinyithi engafunyanwanga kwiintsinga, inika amathuba okucubungula okongezelelweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphuculweyo kwezixhobo. Oku kuxhasa ukubalwa ngokucokisekileyo kokuhamba kwezinto kwaye kuhambelana nemigangatho yanamhlanje yolawulo lwezityalo zokudada oluzinzileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-25-2025
