Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo yokugaya i-asidi kwi-hot rolled strip lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ekuvelisweni kwentsimbi. Iingozi ezimbini ezibalulekileyo—ukugaya kakhulu kunye nokugaya ngaphantsi kwe-asidi—kufuneka zilawulwe ngokusondeleyo ukuthintela umonakalo we-substrate kunye nokugcina iimeko ezifanelekileyo zomphezulu.
Isishwankathelo seNkqubo yokuKhenkceza i-Acid
Inkqubo yokugaya i-asidi kwi-hot rolled strip linqanaba elibalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwentsimbi, eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukususa izikali ze-oxide ezenzeka ngexesha lokuqengqeleka okushushu. Inkqubo yokugaya i-hydrochloric acid ekuvelisweni kwentsimbi inyibilikisa ngokufanelekileyo ii-oxides ezifana ne-Fe2O3, i-Fe3O4, kunye ne-FeO2, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo zesinyithi ezicocekileyo zifanelekile kumanyathelo okucubungula angaphezulu afana nokugaya i-galvanizing, ukugquma, okanye ukubopha. Ukususwa okufanayo kwezi zikali kubalulekile, njengoko ukugaya okungafanelaniyo kunokukhokelela ekunamatheleni okubi okanye kwiziphene kwindawo ethile kwimveliso yentsimbi.
Ichanekileulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-asidikwiibhafu zokucola zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho womphezulu, ukuveliswa kwemveliso, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukuba uxinano lwe-asidi luphezulu kakhulu, isiphumo sinokuba kucola kakhulu, okukonakalisa i-substrate yentsimbi, kwandisa ukulahleka kwesinyithi, kwaye kunciphisa iimpawu zoomatshini ezifana namandla okuxinana kunye nokugoba. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ucola ngaphantsi ngenxa yamandla aphantsi e-asidi okanye ukuhanjiswa kwe-asidi okunganelanga kushiya ama-residues e-oxide, okubangela ukungaphumeleli kokunamathela okusezantsi kunye neziphene zobuhle. Zombini iziphumo ziphazamisa ukhuseleko lwe-strip substrate kunye nomgangatho uphela wemveliso egqityiweyo. Oku kwenza ulawulo loxinano kwi-acid pickling lube yimfuneko ukuze inkqubo ihambelane, kuncitshiswe i-scrap, kwaye kufezekiswe iiparamitha zenkqubo ezizinzileyo.
Ukucubungula iPickle Line Metal
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Inkqubela phambili kwiindlela zokulinganisa uxinano lwe-asidi itshintshe ulawulo lomgca wokugaya i-pickling kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Izixhobo ezizenzekelayo ezifana ne-Lonnmeter automaticimitha yoxinzelelo lwe-asidi, ukusetyenziswa kwemitha yoxinaniso lwefolokhwe kwi-asidi pickling, kunye ne-coriolis flow meter yokulinganisa uxinzelelo ngoku zibonelela ngokujonga uxinzelelo lwe-asidi ngexesha langempela lokulawula i-pickling. Ezi teknoloji zivumela ulawulo lwenkqubo evaliweyo kwi-asidi pickling ngokuhlala ibona uxinaniso lwe-HCl lwangempela kwaye idlulisele idatha kwiinkqubo zokwenza i-asidi ngokuzenzekelayo kwimigca ye-pickling. Oku kuphumela ekulinganisweni kwe-asidi okuzinzileyo ngakumbi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi, kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma. Umzekelo, ulawulo loxinaniso lwemitha yokuhamba kwenkqubo ye-pickling aluthinteli kuphela i-pickling engaphezulu okanye i-pickling engaphelelanga kodwa lukwaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-pickling ngokulawula uxinaniso kwaye luxhasa amaqhinga okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi kwi-pickling yentsimbi.
Izisombululo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayoyiya ngaphaya kokufumanisa okulula. Uzinzo lweparamitha yenkqubo edibeneyo lusebenzisa idatha yexesha langempela evela kwiimitha zoxinzelelo ezikwi-intanethi eziphucukileyo ukulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo imijikelo yokulinganisa, ukushukuma, kunye nokugcwalisa ibhafu. Oku kugcina amandla e-asidi ngaphakathi kweenjongo ezichaziweyo, kuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu womphezulu rhoqo kunye nokwandisa ubomi bokuhlamba. Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo, ezifana nezo zisebenzisa iimitha zeLonnmeter, ziye zabaluleka ekuphuculeni uxinano lwe-asidi kwinkqubo yokukha, okwenza abavelisi bakwazi ukulungelelanisa umgangatho wemveliso nokonga iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kokusingqongileyo.
Iziseko zeHydrochloric Acid Pickling kwiHot Rolled Strip Treatment
Iindlela zeeKhemikhali kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo kwi-substrate
Inkqubo yokugaya i-asidi kwi-hot rolled strip ixhomekeke ekususweni ngamandla kwezikali ze-oxide—ikakhulu ii-iron oxides (FeO2, Fe3O4, Fe2O3)—ezivela ngexesha lokuqengqeleka okushushu. I-Hydrochloric acid (HCl) isabela kwezi oxides, ivelise ii-iron chloride ezinyibilikayo kunye namanzi. Umzekelo:
- I-Fe2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 FeCl3 + 3 H2O
- I-Fe3O4 + 8 HCl → I-FeCl2 + 2 I-FeCl3 + 4 I-H2O
Isantya sokuhamba kunye nokuphelela kokunyibilika kwesikali kuxhomekeke kulwakhiwo lwesikali kunye nobukhulu. Iileya ze-iron oxide ezilula ziyanyibilika ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, iileya ezinezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo—ezifana nezo ziqulethe i-fayalite (Fe2SiO4) ezivela kwiintsimbi ezityebileyo ze-Si—zinzima kwaye zicotha ukususa. Ezi leya zifuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, i-bath chemistry enamandla ngakumbi, okanye izongezo zeekhemikhali ukuze kunyangwe ngokwanelisayo.
Ii-ion ze-chloride, zombini ezivela kwi-HCl kunye nokongezwa kwe-NaCl ngabom, ziyandisa izinga lokucola. Ubukho bazo buyandisa ukunyibilika kwesikali ngokusebenzisa ukuxinana kunye nokufunxwa kwindawo yokujonga i-oxide, ngelixa zinciphisa ukuhlaselwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-substrate yentsimbi. Umzekelo, ukongeza izisombululo ze-HCl ezili-10% kunye ne-NaCl ezili-10% kuye kwabonakala kukhawulezisa ukucola kunye nokunciphisa ukugqwala okungafunekiyo kwentsimbi eveziweyo. Xa kujongwana neentlobo ze-oxide ezinzima, ezifana ne-fayalite, izongezo ezifana ne-FeCl3 zonyusa amazinga okususa kwaye ziphucula ixesha lokucola ngokuchithwa okuncinci kwe-substrate. Nangona kunjalo, naluphi na ukungeniswa kokongeza kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kolawulo lokuhlamba ngokubanzi kunye nemiphumo yokusingqongileyo.
Ngenxa yokuba ubukhulu kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-oxide zisenokungalingani kububanzi bekhoyili, impendulo yeekhemikhali yahluka ngokwendawo. Olu tshintsho lufuna ulawulo oluqinileyo lwenkqubo, olusekelwe kwiindlela zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-asidi rhoqo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikali sisusiwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokonakalisa intsimbi engaphantsi.
Iiparameter zeNkqubo eziBalulekileyo kwi-Acid Pickling
Iiparameter eziphambili zenkqubo—ubushushu bebhafu, uxinano lwe-asidi, ukwakheka kwebhafu, kunye nomgangatho wentsimbi—zilawula ngokudibeneyo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lwe-hydrochloric acid pickling kwimveliso yentsimbi. Imfuno yeziphumo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu rhoqo:
- Ubushushu bokuhlamba buhlala buhlala kwi-80–90°C. Ubushushu obuphezulu buyandisa izinga lokunyibilika, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuba ixesha lokucola lincinci kwaye isikali sisuswe kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, iphezulu kakhulu kwaye umngcipheko wokugqwala kwentsimbi uyanda kakhulu.
- Uxinzelelo lwe-asidi lugcinwa ngaphakathi kwe-3–11% (w/v) HCl. Olu luhlu luqinisekisa ukususwa kweekalika okuqinileyo ngelixa kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi okungeyomfuneko kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-strip substrate. Ukubeka iliso loxinzelelo lwe-asidi ngexesha langempela, rhoqo ngeemitha zoxinzelelo ezizenzekelayo okanye izixhobo ezifana ne-Lonnmeter automatic acid concentration meter, kuzinzisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwemida efanelekileyo.
- Ukwakheka kwebhafu okwenzelwe uhlobo lwentsimbi kunye nohlobo lwesikali. Kwiintsimbi ezityebileyo zeSi, kufuneka ezinye izithinteli okanye iiarhente zokuguqula. Izithinteli zokubola ezifana ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) zinciphisa ukulahleka kwe-substrate kwaye zikhusele iinqanaba ezibuthathaka, nokuba ziphantsi kokuvezwa yi-asidi enamandla.
- Ukhuseleko lwe-strip substrate luqinisekiswa ngakumbi ngokulinganisela umsebenzi we-chloride ion kunye namandla e-asidi. Iibhafu ezishushu kakhulu zibeka emngciphekweni ukuchithwa kwentsimbi ("ukuyigaya kakhulu"), ngelixa iibhafu ezibuthathaka zinokubangela "ukuyigaya ngaphantsi" kunye nokususwa kwe-oxide engaphelelanga, nto leyo efuna ukulungiswa kwakhona okubiza kakhulu.
Ukuze kuzinziswe iiparameter zenkqubo, iinkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo ezivaliweyo zihlala zisetyenziswa, zidibanisa igalelo elivela kwizixhobo zolawulo loxinzelelo lwemitha yokuhamba okanye usetyenziso lwemitha yoxinzelelo lwefolokhwe. Ezi nkqubo zigcina ikhemistri yokuhlamba ihambelana kakuhle nesantya somgca kunye nommandla womphezulu wentsimbi, zixhasa ngokuthe ngqo amaqhinga okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi kwaye zinciphise ukuphambuka kokusebenza.
Ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye nokuthembeka kwe-substrate kuxhomekeka kukudibana kwezi zinto ziguquguqukayo. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye uxinano lwe-asidi lunokurhawuzelela okanye lufake intsimbi engqukuva, ingakumbi kwimiphetho ye-coil okanye kwiindawo ezine-oxide scale encinci. Kwelinye icala, iimeko ezinganamandla aneleyo zivelisa iindawo ezinamabala, ezingamkelekiyo ezingafanelekanga ekusebenzeni kwe-downstream coating okanye ukwenza izinto.
Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokugaya i-hydrochloric acid kwimveliso yentsimbi ilawulwa kukulungelelaniswa kweempendulo zeekhemikhali, iimpawu ze-substrate, kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lweeparamitha zokusebenza. Ukulinganiswa okuqhubekayo koxinzelelo lwe-asidi kunye nokwenza ngcono inkqubo kuvelisa zombini ukusebenza kakuhle kokugaya kunye nokukhuselwa okuphuculweyo kwe-strip substrate, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemigca yokucubungula intsimbi yanamhlanje.
Imingeni ekuLawuleni iNkqubo yokuCoca i-Acid
Imiba ephambili yoMgangatho kunye neMveliso
Ukugalela kakhulu kwenzeka xa i-hydrochloric acid bath isusa kungekuphela nje ii-oxides kodwa ikwahlasela i-substrate yentsimbi. Oku kukhokelela ekunyibilikeni kakhulu, ukuncitshiswa komcu, kwaye kunokubangela ukwaphuka kweekhoyili ngexesha lokusebenza komlambo. Ukugalela kakhulu umcu kuyonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka kwezinto ezigalelwe umcu, okufaka isandla ekunciphiseni amandla oomatshini kunye nokwanda kwamazinga okugatywa. Idla ngokuvela kuxinzelelo lwe-asidi olungalawulwa kakuhle, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, okanye amaxesha amaninzi okuntywiliselwa.
Ukusika i-under-pickling, ngokuchaseneyo, kushiya amaxolo e-oxide engaphelelanga kumphezulu wentsimbi. Oku kuchaphazela kakubi ukunciphisa ukubanda, ukuwelda, ukupeyinta, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokugqiba ezisezantsi. Umgangatho womphezulu uyehla, okwandisa ukuchaneka kwiziphene kunye nokugqwala. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ziquka amandla angonelanga e-asidi, amaqondo obushushu aphantsi okuhlamba, okanye isantya somgca esibekwe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukuze kususwe amaxolo ngempumelelo.
Ukuze kugcinwe ukuthembeka kwenkqubo nokunciphisa iziphene, izityalo zentsimbi zixhomekeke ekubekweni esweni okuqinileyo kweeparameter ezibalulekileyo ezifana noxinzelelo lwe-asidi, ixesha lokuntywiliselwa, kunye nobushushu. Iindlela zokulinganisa uxinano lwe-asidi ngexesha langempela, kubandakanya iimitha zoxinano ezizenzekelayo (umzekelo, imitha yoxinano lwe-asidi ezenzekelayo yaseLonnmeter), iimitha zoxinano lwefolokhwe, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula uxinano lwe-flow meter, zivumela impendulo ekhawulezileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukugqithisela. Ezi nkqubo zivumela ulawulo lwenkqubo oluvaliweyo kunye nokuzinzisa ukwakheka kwebhetshi, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhluza kakhulu kunye nokuhluza ngaphantsi, ingakumbi ngexesha lotshintsho lwemveliso okanye ukuguga kwebhafu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi yeyona nto iphambili ekubangeleni iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydrochloric acid kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nomthamo, umgangatho wentsimbi, kunye nobukhulu be-oxide yomphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kunyusa iindleko zezinto eziluhlaza, kwandisa umthamo wenkunkuma enobungozi, kwaye kwandisa umthwalo wokusingqongileyo. Amaqhinga okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi ekugayweni kwentsimbi—njengeenkqubo zokwenza i-asidi ngokuzenzekelayo, ukujonga rhoqo ukuhlamba, kunye nokulinganisa okwenziwe kakuhle—kuxhasa imveliso ngelixa kunciphisa iindleko kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo.
Ulawulo oluqhubekayo lokugxila kwiukukha i-asidi, edla ngokufezekiswa ngokubeka esweni uxinano lwe-asidi ngexesha langempela, iphucula ukuqikelelwa kwangaphambili kwaye ikhusela i-strip substrate kulo lonke ixesha lemveliso. Ukugcina ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi kokususwa kwe-oxide kunye nokugcinwa kwe-substrate akuphuculi nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-pickling kodwa kuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso esezantsi kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi.
Izinto eziqwalaselwayo kwiNdalo noKhuseleko
Umsi we-hydrochloric acid uyingozi enkulu kwimpilo kwindawo yokucola. Ukuvezwa—nokuba kuphantsi kakhulu—kunokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa kwendlela yokuphefumla, i-bronchitis engapheliyo, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemiphunga ixesha elide. Idatha ye-epidemiological ibonisa umngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wemiphunga kunye ne-laryngeal phakathi kwabasebenzi be-pickling yentsimbi abanokuvezwa rhoqo kwi-HCl vapors. Ukujonga umoya rhoqo, umoya ophucukileyo, iinkqubo zokukhupha umoya zasekuhlaleni, kunye nee-scrubbers ze-acid fume zizinto eziyimfuneko zokukhusela. Izixhobo zokuzikhusela zomntu ezifana neziphefumli kunye neempahla ezichasene neekhemikhali zihlala ziyindlela eqhelekileyo yokuthintela.
Iiteknoloji zokulawula ukukhutshwa komoya zixhasa icebo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Iinkqubo zokuvuselela i-asidi ezivaliweyo ziphinda zisebenzise i-hydrochloric acid esetyenzisiweyo, zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi entsha kunye nokukhululwa kongcoliseko. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuvuselela ziquka ii-reactors ze-pyrohydrolysis, i-diffusion dialysis, kunye ne-acid sorption, nganye ilungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile zokuphuma kunye nokwakheka kwe-asidi. Ezi nkqubo zivumela amazinga okubuyisela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99.5% ye-HCl, ngaloo ndlela zixhasa ukuzinza kwenkqubo.
Uzinzo oluqinileyo lweenkqubo luyafuneka ukuze kuhambelane nemigangatho yokukhupha umoya, njengaleyo ichazwe yi-EPA's National Emission Standards for Kerorious Air Pollutants. Ulawulo oluzenzekelayo loxinzelelo lwe-asidi—ngokusebenzisa iimitha zokuhamba kwe-coriolis kunye nezixhobo zoxinzelelo oluzenzekelayo oluphambili—luvumela ulawulo oluqinileyo lwekhemistri yokuhlamba, luxhasa zombini ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kokungcola, ngokusebenzisa iiparamitha zenkqubo yokugaya i-asidi ezilawulwa ngokuqinileyo, kuqinisekisa kungekuphela nje ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kodwa nokukhuselwa kwempilo yabasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo oludibeneyo kudlala indima ephambili ekugcineni imisebenzi yokugaya intsimbi ekhuselekileyo, esebenzayo, nezinzileyo.
NomgcaCukugxininisaIiteknoloji zokulinganisa kunye nendima yazo ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zokugaya
Imigaqo ye-Inline AcidCukugxininisaUmlinganiselo
Ukubeka esweni uxinano lwe-asidi ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ukuze kuchaneke inkqubo yokugaya i-hydrochloric acid kwi-hot rolled strip. Ukulinganiswa koxinano lwe-asidi emgceni kwenza kube lula ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kuxinano lokuhlamba, okuvumela ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza ukugcina iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokugaya.
Uxinaniso lwe-asidi ye-hydrochloric lumisela ngokuthe ngqo izinga kunye nokusebenza kokususwa kwe-oxide. Ukuzinzisa iiparameter zenkqubo—ingakumbi uxinaniso lwe-asidi—kuthintela ukuguquguquka okunokubangela ukucolwa kakhulu, okubangela umonakalo we-substrate, okanye ukucolwa ngaphantsi, okushiya isikali esiseleyo. Ngokulinganisa uxinaniso lwe-asidi ngaphakathi, abaqhubi bafumana ulawulo oluqinileyo loxinaniso, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye nenkunkuma, ngelixa bekhulisa umgangatho wokuphuma. Olu vavanyo oluqhubekayo lubalulekile kwiinkqubo zolawulo oluvaliweyo, apho idatha yoxinaniso iqhuba ukwenziwa kwe-asidi ezenzekelayo kunye nokulinganisa, ukuqinisekisa ikhemistri yokuhlamba rhoqo kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwisampuli ngesandla.
Isishwankathelo seSihluthuleloCukugxininisaUbuchwepheshe beMitha
IfolokhweCukugxininisaImitha
Iimitha zoxinzelelo lweefolokhwe zisebenzisa umgaqo wefolokhwe engcangcazelayo. Iintsimbi zesensor ziyangcangcazela kwisandi esitshintsha ukuxinana kolwelo. Le ndlela inika umlinganiselo okhawulezileyo nozinzileyo wokujonga i-asidi yokuhlamba kwi-intanethi, ngakumbi kwimigca yentsimbi eqhubekayo. Iimitha zoxinzelelo lweefolokhwe ziqinile, zinyamezela iimeko ezinzima, kwaye azifuni kulungiswa kangako, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zifaneleke kakuhle ukujonga iibhafu zokucoca i-hydrochloric acid kwimveliso yentsimbi. Unxibelelwano lwazo ngqo neenkqubo ze-automation lulungelelanisa ingxelo yedatha yokulawula ukuxinana kwi-asidi yokucoca.
I-Lonnmeter Automatic CukugxininisaImitha
Imitha yokulinganisa uxinaniso oluzenzekelayo lweLonnmeter isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic, ibonelela ngokubekwa esweni okuqhubekekayo koxinaniso lwe-asidi ebhafini ngaphandle kokushukuma. Ngokwakhiwa kwee-alloys kunye neepolymers ezimelana ne-asidi, inkqubo yeLonnmeter imelana neemeko zokugaya i-asidi ye-hydrochloric acid. Amandla ayo okuzenzakalelayo aquka ukukhupha idatha yoxinaniso ngexesha langempela (nge-4-20mA okanye i-RS485) kwiinkqubo zolawulo ezisasazweyo zokwenza i-asidi kunye nokulinganisa. Oku kunciphisa ukungenelela kwabantu, kuxhasa ulawulo lwebhafu, kwaye kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo. Xa idityaniswe nolawulo lwenkqubo oluvaliweyo, iLonnmeter iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokugaya, inciphisa amazinga okulahlwa, kwaye iququzelela amaqhinga okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi afanelekileyo.
Enye iMitha yokuHamba CukugxininisaUbuchwepheshe
Iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo ziquka izixhobo zocingo oludlidlizayo kunye nezo zisebenzisa izinzwa zesandi ezidibeneyo kunye nesandi esiqhubayo. Itekhnoloji nganye inika amandla awodwa alungiselelwe iimeko ezithile zokuhlamba nge-pickling. Umzekelo, iimitha zocingo oludlidlizayo zibonelela ngobuntununtunu bokulinganisa obuphezulu kodwa zinokuchaphazeleka ngakumbi kukungcola kwebhafu. Iindibaniselwano zesantya se-Sonic/conductivity zinokwahlula ngokuchanekileyo i-asidi kumxholo wetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo, kubalulekile kwi-pickling ye-hydrochloric acid ephucukileyo apho zombini zifuna ukujongwa ukhuseleko lwe-strip substrate. Ukukhetha kuxhomekeke kwindawo yokusebenza, ukuchaneka kokulinganisa okufunekayo, ukulula kokudibanisa, kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Inline CukugxininisaIimitha kwiHydrochloric Acid Pickling
Kwimigca yokugaya eqhubekayo, iimitha zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline zifakelwa ngqo kwisekethe yokujikeleza kwe-asidi, kusetyenziswa iiflanges eziqinileyo kunye nesithuba ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuvezwa kuxinzelelo loomatshini okanye lweekhemikhali. Imisebenzi yeqela isebenzisa ukufakwa kweprobe kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ngaphakathi kwebhafu ukuze kujongwe indawo okanye umjikelo.
Ukuze kuphuculwe uxinano lwe-asidi kwinkqubo yokucola, ezi sensors zibotshelelwe kwiinkqubo zokwenza i-asidi ezenzekelayo, ukuqinisekisa impendulo ngexesha langempela ukuze kuthathwe idosi ngokuchanekileyo. Ukufunyanwa kwedatha kudla ngokuphathwa ngeenkqubo zolawulo lwemizi-mveliso, kunye nemiqondiso ethunyelwa kumaqonga okubeka esweni aphakathi ukuze kuphendulwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kufikelela kwiilophu zokulawula impendulo ezilungisa i-asidi ukuze kugcinwe uxinaniso olujoliswe kuyo. Ukulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezi nkqubo kuthintela ukucolwa kakhulu—ukuthintela umonakalo we-substrate—kunye nokucolwa ngaphantsi—ukususa ukususwa kwesikali okungaphelelanga. Isiphumo kukuba umgangatho westrip uhlala uhleli, ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi okuncitshisiweyo, kunye nokuzinziswa kweparameter yenkqubo okuphuculweyo. Amaqhinga okufaka afuna ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lwezinzwa, iintambo ezivaliweyo, kunye nokucoca okucwangcisiweyo ukuze kugcinwe ukuthembeka kokulinganisa. Abasebenzi kufuneka baqeqeshwe ukulawula izinzwa, bagxininise ukhuseleko, ukunyamekelwa kwezixhobo, kunye nokuphendula kwiimpazamo zokusebenza.
Ulawulo lweNkqubo ye-Closed-Loop yoLungiso lwePickling Bath
Ukubaluleka kweNkqubo yeDatha yeXesha langempela kunye neeNkqubo zeMpendulo
Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo uxinano lwe-asidi kubalulekile kulawulo olusebenzayo lwenkqubo yokuvala oluvaliweyo kwinkqubo yokugaya i-asidi kwi-hot rolled strip. Iimitha zoxinzelelo ezizenzekelayo zoxinzelelo lwe-asidi, kuquka i-Lonnmeter automatic acid concentration meter okanye iimitha zoxinzelelo lwefolokhwe, zifakwe ngqo kwi-pickling bath circulation loop. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngempendulo eqhubekayo, yexesha langempela malunga noxinano lwe-hydrochloric acid kunye noxinano lwebhafu. Idatha idluliselwa kwi-process controller, ngesiqhelo i-programmable logic controller (PLC), etolika ulwazi kwaye idlulisele imiyalelo kwiinkqubo zokulinganisa okanye iipompo zokwenza i-asidi.
Iimitha zokuhamba zeCoriolis zokulinganisa uxinzelelo, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula uxinzelelo lweemitha zokuhamba, zibonelela ngegalelo elichanekileyo lokulawula uxinzelelo lwe-asidi. Ukubeka iliso loxinzelelo lwe-asidi ngexesha langempela akupheleli nje ekuphuculeni ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kodwa kukwavumela uhlengahlengiso lwedosi oluzenzekelayo—i-asidi yongezwa kuphela xa kufuneka ukugcina indawo ebekiweyo, kunciphisa idosi engaphezulu.
Iindlela zokulungisa ezizenzekelayo zinciphisa iimpazamo zabantu kunye nokulibaziseka. Xa uxinano lwe-asidi luwela ngaphantsi komda ofanelekileyo wokususwa kwesikali okusebenzayo, inkqubo iqala ukongezwa kwe-asidi ekujoliswe kuyo kusetyenziswa amanqaku okujova ngqo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba uxinano lunyuka luye kumanqanaba anokubeka emngciphekweni ukuhlaselwa yi-substrate, ukumisa idosi okanye ii-arhente zokuthomalalisa ziyangeniswa ngokuzenzekelayo. Le ndlela ithintela ukucola kakhulu kunye nokucola ngaphantsi, ikhusela ukuthembeka kwe-strip substrate kwaye iqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-process parameter kuyo yonke i-hydrochloric acid pickling kwimveliso yentsimbi.
Ukusasazwa kwe-asidi efanayo kufezekiswa ngokuxuba okulawulwayo kunye nokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela, oku kunciphisa ngakumbi umngcipheko wokucolwa kakhulu okanye iindawo ezingaphathwanga kakuhle. Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zisabela ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho oluvela kwiinguqu kwisantya se-strip, umthwalo, okanye iimeko zentsimbi ephezulu, zigcina uxinano oluzinzileyo olubalulekileyo ekukhuseleni i-strip substrate. Ezi ndlela zivaliweyo zisebenza ngokubambisana nee-inline sensors ze-pH, ubushushu, kunye nomxholo wesinyithi. Ezo feeds zedatha ezibanzi zexesha langempela zivumela ulawulo oluqinileyo lwenkqubo, zithintele ukungangqinelani kwebhetshi, kwaye zixhasa ukuphindaphindeka okuphezulu kwiziphumo ze-pickling.
Iziphumo kunye nokudalwa kwexabiso
Ulawulo oludibeneyo loxinzelelo ekugayweni kwe-asidi luzisa iingenelo ezinkulu zokusebenza, ezoqoqosho, kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo olusebenzisa ulawulo lwenkqubo oluvaliweyo kunye nokulinganisa uxinano lwe-asidi ngaphakathi kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi ngokunciphisa i-make-up acid engaphezulu kwaye kuhlawulele ngokuchanekileyo ukuphelelwa kwayo kuphela xa kufuneka. Iimitha zokuhamba zeCoriolis, iinkqubo zokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nezixhobo ezifana neLonnmeter ziqinisekisa ukuba i-asidi izaliswa ngokugqibeleleyo, zinciphisa ukuphindaphinda kokuhlaziywa kwebhafu kwaye zandise ubomi obuluncedo bebhafu yokucoca. Oku kubangela ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydrochloric acid encinci kunye nokuveliswa kwe-asidi yenkunkuma ephantsi, okuthetha ngokuthe ngqo ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo wokusingqongileyo, kubandakanya inkunkuma enobungozi obuncinci efuna unyango okanye ukulahlwa.
Ukuzinzisa uxinano lwe-asidi kunempembelelo ethe ngqo kumgangatho womphezulu kunye nemveliso. Iinkqubo zempendulo ezizenzekelayo zigcina i-asidi kwifestile efanelekileyo yokususa i-oxide ngaphandle kokugrumba kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kweziphene, ukwaphuka kwekhoyili, okanye ukugqitywa komphezulu okungahambelaniyo—izinto ezichaphazela umgangatho okhawulezileyo kunye nokumelana nokugrumba kwexesha elide. Iiparamitha zenkqubo ezihambelanayo ezifunyenwe ngolawulo oluvaliweyo zivelisa ukuphumelela okuphezulu kokusebenza kwaye zinciphisa amazinga okulahlwa kwimveliso egqityiweyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi efanelekileyo kuzisa ixabiso elibanzi lesicwangciso-nkqubo—iziganeko zokuhlaziywa kwe-asidi okuncitshisiweyo (okanye ukuphinda kusetyenziswe) zinciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwezityalo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokukhutshwa komoya. Ukuthobela indalo kuphucuka ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-asidi kunye nokulahlekelwa okuphantsi kwenkqubo yokuguquguquka. Iingenelo ziyanda apho iinkqubo zokuphinda kusetyenziswe okanye zokubuyisela zihlanganisiwe, njengoko ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunciphisa umthamo kunye nokuguquguquka kwemijelo efuna ukuhlaziywa kwakhona, okwenza la manyathelo okugcina uzinzo asebenze ngakumbi.
Ukubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kunye nokulungiswa kwe-closed-loop kubonisa indlela engcono kakhulu yokulawula uxinano lwemitha yokuhamba kwamanzi kwinkqubo yokukha. Ukuphunyezwa kwayo kunokuvelisa imbuyekezo ekhawulezileyo kutyalo-mali ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, ukuphucula isivuno, kunye nokuthobela imithetho ezinzileyo. Ezi ziphumo ziqinisekisiwe kumashishini asetyenzisiweyo, kunye nokunciphisa okubhaliweyo kokusetyenziswa kwe-asidi kunye nokuzinziswa okungcono kokusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela.
Iindlela ezilungileyo zokusebenza komgca we-Acid Pickling Line ozenzekelayo
Ukubeka esweni rhoqo kunye noLawulo loQokelelo
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwenkqubo yokugaya i-hydrochloric acid kwi-hot rolled strip luqala ngokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo, ngexesha langempela uxinaniso lwe-asidi. Iimitha zoxinaniso ezikwi-inline—ezifana neemitha zokuhamba kweCoriolis, iimitha zoxinaniso lweefolokhwe, kunye neemitha zoxinaniso lwe-asidi oluzenzekelayo lweLonnmeter—kufuneka zifakwe ngqo kwi-pickling tank nganye nakwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zokutya nezokukhupha. Ukubekwa kwe-strategic sensor kuqinisekisa ukuba kukho isampuli emeleyo ye-asidi kwiindawo ezine-turbulence ephezulu okanye ukuhamba rhoqo, okunciphisa iindawo ezifileyo kunye neempazamo ngenxa yokuguquguquka koxinaniso lwendawo.
Ukulinganiswa rhoqo kwee-sensors kuyimfuneko. Imijikelo yokulinganisa ixhomekeke ekubeni ne-asidi ebukhali kunye nezikhokelo zomenzi kodwa kufuneka yenzeke ubuncinane rhoqo ngekota okanye emva kokuma kokulungiswa okucwangcisiweyo. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imigangatho yokulinganisa echazwe kwangaphambili ehambelana ne-chemical matrix yeebhafu zenkqubo yokwenyani ukuze kufumaneke ukuchaneka. Iingcali kufuneka zibhale idatha yokulinganisa kwaye ziqinisekise ukushukuma kwe-sensor ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.
Isicwangciso solondolozo esiqinileyo siquka uhlolo olucwangcisiweyo, ukucoca ukususa isikali se-iron oxide, kunye nokuqinisekiswa ngokuchasene nobungakanani belebhu. Buyisela iindawo zesensor ezigugileyo ngokukhawuleza ukuze uthintele ukukhukuliseka okanye ukungaphumeleli, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinomhlwa ophezulu eziqhelekileyo kwimigca ye-asidi yezimboni.
Ukuhlolwa kokwakheka kwe-asidi rhoqo kuxhomekeke kufundo oluphilayo oluvela kwiimitha zoxinzelelo oluzenzekelayo. Isoftware yokulawula inkqubo isebenzisa le datha ukulawula amazinga okwenziwa kwe-asidi. Umzekelo, ukudibanisa iimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-asidi oluzenzekelayo lweLonnmeter kwenza kube lula ukujonga uxinano lwe-HCl ngexesha langempela, kususwe ukuqikelela kwaye kuncitshiswe ukulibaziseka okunxulunyaniswa ne-titration ngesandla. Ulawulo lwenkqubo evaliweyo kwi-acid pickling ludibanisa ezi zilinganiso neepompo zokulinganisa, ukuphucula ukunikezelwa kwe-asidi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa.
Ukugcina uxinaniso oluzinzileyo kuthintela ngokuthe ngqo ukucolwa kakhulu—okubangela ukulahleka kwentsimbi kakhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-asidi—kunye nokucolwa ngaphantsi, okushiya amasalela esikali kwaye konakalisa umgangatho womphezulu. Iindawo ezimiselweyo zoxinaniso lwe-asidi kufuneka zilungiswe ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe kwisiseko, ubushushu, kunye nesantya somgca. Iinkqubo ezifana nokwakheka kwe-asidi ngokuzenzekelayo zixhomekeke kolu ngeniso ukuze zifumane idosi ekhawulezayo nechanekileyo.
Lungiselela iinkqubo ze-alamu kunye ne-interlock kwinkqubo i-DCS okanye i-PLC ukuze isebenze ngoko nangoko xa kuphambuka kwimida yoxinzelelo lwe-asidi ekhuselekileyo. Iindlela eziphambili ziquka:
- Misela imida ye-alamu ngaphandle nje kweebhendi zenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zoxinzelelo lwe-HCl.
- Hlanganisa i-alamu nganye nezenzo zokutshixa ezifana nokuvala idosi ngokuzenzekelayo, ukunciphisa isantya somgca, okanye iindlela zokusebenzisa i-bath bypass.
- Sebenzisa imodeli yokuqikelela izilumkiso zokulungiselela kwangaphambili—iinkqubo eziphambili zivuselela ii-alamu kungekuphela nje kufundo lwangoku olungaphaya komda kodwa nakwiihambo eziqikelelweyo ngokusekelwe kwidatha ethandwayo.
Ukuqinisekiswa rhoqo kunye nokuvavanywa kwenkqubo ye-alamu, kunye noqeqesho olupheleleyo lwabaqhubi, kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuphambuka kwenkqubo kuyafunyanwa kwaye kulungiswe ngaphambi kokuba kuchaphazele umgangatho wemveliso okanye ukhuseleko lwezixhobo.
Uqinisekiso loKhuseleko kunye nokuSingqongileyo
Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nabasebenzi lufuna ukuhlanganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwemigca yokugaya i-asidi kunye neenkqubo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kunye nokuvuselelwa kwe-asidi. Ukubeka iliso kuxinzelelo lwe-asidi ngaphakathi kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuzinziseni iimeko zenkqubo, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuveliswa komphunga kunye nokukhutshwa kwenkunkuma.
Imigca yokugaya kufuneka idibanise idatha yoxinaniso lwexesha langempela evela kwiinkqubo zolawulo loxinaniso lwemitha yokuhamba kunye nolawulo lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya, njengee-hood zokukhupha, ii-covers, kunye nezongezo zokunciphisa inkungu. Xa iimitha zoxinaniso lwe-asidi zibona uhambo oluya kwiindawo eziphezulu zoxinaniso, i-logic ezenzekelayo kufuneka isebenzise iinkqubo zoxinaniso lomphunga okanye ilungise umoya ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukukhululwa komphunga we-hydrochloric acid.
Hlanganisa imigca yokugaya kunye neeyunithi zokuvuselela i-asidi, ezifana ne-pyrohydrolysis okanye ii-reactors ze-fluid bed. Idatha yoxinzelelo oluphakathi kufuneka ibangele ukurhoxiswa kwe-asidi kunye nokufakwa kwe-asidi entsha evuselelweyo kwi-closed-loop, ukugcina ukwakheka ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukusetyenziswa okuncinci kwenkunkuma kunye namandla. Oku akuxhasi nje kuphela iinjongo zokusingqongileyo kodwa kukwabonelela ngamathuba okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi ngokuthe ngqo kwi-pickling yentsimbi ngokuvumela ukwakheka kwe-makeup xa kuyimfuneko.
Izinto ezinobungozi eziseleyo zilawulwa ngcono ngokubekwa esweni kokuhlamba kwi-intanethi kunye nokopha rhoqo ebhafini. Gcina umkhondo we-pH kunye noxinzelelo lwe-asidi oluzenzekelayo kuzo zonke iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Amanyathelo okuthintela aquka:
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokucima nokunciphisa umphunga.
- Ukuhlolwa kobunyani benkqubo okucwangcisiweyo ukuze kufunyanwe ukuvuza—uxinzelelo olukwi-inline okanye ukunyuka kwe-pH kudla ngokubonisa ukulahleka kwe-asidi okungalindelekanga.
- Ukuvalwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo zokutshixa xa kubhalisiwe iziganeko ze-alamu eziqhubekayo, okunciphisa ukukhululwa kwendalo kunye nokuvezwa emsebenzini.
- Uqeqesho lwabaqhubi kwiinkqubo zongxamiseko, oluqiniswa ngoqeqesho lokuqinisekisa inkqubo rhoqo.
Ukuzinziswa kweeparameter zenkqubo ngokuchanekileyo nangokudibeneyo—ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana neLonnmeter kunye nokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela—kuzisa uphuculo olulinganisekayo kulawulo loxinzelelo ekugayweni kwe-asidi, kukhusela umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Inkqubo Yokwenza Intsimbi Ejijekileyo Eshushu
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Iindlela eziphambili zokulinganisa uxinaniso olungaphakathi, ezifana neemitha zoxinaniso ezizenzekelayo—kuquka neenkqubo zeLonnmeter—ziguqule indlelai-hydrochloric acidInkqubo yokugaya i-hot rolled strip kunye nezinye izinto zentsimbi. Ngokubonelela ngokubekwa esweni rhoqo koxinzelelo lwe-asidi kunye nomxholo wetyuwa yesinyithi, ezi zixhobo zisusa ukulibaziseka kwesampuli ngesandla kunye nelebhu, ziphucula ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo. Uyilo lwazo oluqinileyo, olungenalondolozo lusebenzisa izixhobo ezingamelani nokugqwala ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinobundlobongela, zinciphisa ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi kwizinto ezinobungozi kwaye zinciphise umngcipheko ngexesha lemisebenzi yesiqhelo. Iinkqubo zoxinzelelo ezikwi-inline zibonelela ngempendulo ekhawulezileyo ngeziphumo zedijithali, zivumela ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kokuphambuka kunye nokuxhasa imisebenzi yokusebenza e-ergonomic, encitshisiweyo.
I-automation evaliweyo idibanisa ezi nkqubo zokulinganisa, izidibanisa nabalawuli bedijithali kunye neenkqubo zokwenza i-asidi ngokuzenzekelayo kwimigca yokugaya. Olu lwakhiwo lulungisa ngokuguquguqukayo uxinzelelo lwe-asidi ngokusekelwe kwidatha yesenzi yexesha langempela, luqinisekisa ukuzinza kweparameter yenkqubo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo. I-automation inciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukugaya kakhulu, okukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwentsimbi kakhulu, kwaye ithintele ukugaya ngaphantsi, okunokubangela iziphene zomphezulu. Ngokulawula ngokuqhubekayo ulawulo lokulinganisa ukuhamba kunye nolawulo lokugxila ngexesha lokugaya i-asidi, abavelisi bakhusela ii-strip substrates kwaye baphucule inqanaba ngalinye lokucoca iikhemikhali. Ezi nkqubo zikwaxhasa amaqhinga okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi ngokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwe-asidi, ukunciphisa ukungena kwe-asidi eluhlaza, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ezinxulumene nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo okanye ukuphinda kusebenze.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezicelo zemitha yoxinzelelo lweefolokhwe kunye neenzuzo zemitha yokuhamba kweCoriolis kuqinisekisa ukwenziwa ngcono koxinzelelo lwe-asidi kuyo yonke inkqubo yokucoca. Le ndlela iqhutywa yidatha iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca, iphucula umgangatho wokugqibela wentsimbi, kwaye ixhasa imveliso ezinzileyo, enomthamo ophezulu kunye nomgangatho omncinci wokusingqongileyo. Iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo zincitshiswa ngakumbi ngetekhnoloji yonyango lwe-asidi evaliweyo, ephinda isebenzise i-hydrochloric acid esetyenzisiweyo kwaye ibuyisele amanzi, inciphisa kakhulu imveliso yenkunkuma enobungozi kwaye ixhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Ukubeka esweni kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo ngexesha langempela kuxhobisa abavelisi besinyithi ukuba bahlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yokuzinza kunye nentsimbi yokuthumela ngaphandle.
Ngamafutshane, ukusetyenziswa kweemitha zoxinzelelo lwe-asidi ezizenzekelayo neziphambili ezifana neLonnmeter—ezidityaniswe kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo ezivaliweyo—zibonelela ngokuthembeka, ukufana okuphezulu kwemveliso, kunye nokuqhubela phambili okunokulinganiswa kukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kwinkqubo yokugaya i-hydrochloric acid kwimveliso yentsimbi. Ezi zinto zintsha zivumela ukuveliswa kwentsimbi okuzinzileyo kakhulu nokulawulwa komgangatho ngelixa kunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nenkunkuma yezixhobo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
I-asidi yenza yiphi indima ukugxilaukudlala kwemitha kwinkqubo yokucola i-hydrochloric acid?
Imitha yokulinganisa i-asidi ifakelwe ngaphakathi kwibhafu yokucoca ukuze inike umlinganiselo oqhubekayo we-hydrochloric acid ngexesha langempela. Olu hlolo lwexesha langempela luvumela abaqhubi ukuba bagcine amanqanaba e-asidi afanelekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokucoca i-asidi kwi-hot rolled strip. Idatha eqhubekayo inciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwisampuli ngesandla, edla ngokuba neengxaki zokulibaziseka kwexesha kunye neempazamo zomntu. Ngokuvumela ukulungiswa kwangoko kwimitha yokulinganisa i-asidi, imitha inceda ekuthinteleni ukucoca kakhulu—okunokubangela ukulahleka kwesinyithi kunye nomonakalo womphezulu—kunye nokucoca ngaphantsi, okubangela ukususwa okungaphelelanga kwe-oxide scale kunye neziphene zomphezulu. Le ndlela ixhasa iimeko zenkqubo ezizinzileyo, yandisa ubomi bokuhlamba, kwaye inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni inkunkuma kunye nokuphuculwa kokukhuselwa kwe-strip substrate.
Isixhobo sokulinganisa ukuhamba kweCoriolis siphucula njani ulawulo lokucola kwe-hydrochloric acid?
Imitha yokuhamba kweCoriolis yokulinganisa uxinzelelo inika ukufundwa okuchanekileyo, ngaxeshanye kwesantya sokuhamba kunye noxinzelelo lwe-asidi kumgca wokugaya. Ezi mitha zisusa iimpazamo zesampulu rhoqo ngokulinganisa rhoqo nangokuthe ngqo uxinzelelo lwe-asidi njengoko ulwelo luhamba kwinkqubo. Ukuchaneka kwazo okuphezulu kuxhasa uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo kwidosi ye-asidi kwisicwangciso solawulo lwenkqubo evaliweyo. Njengoko uxinzelelo lutshintsha—ngenxa yokunyibilika kwesinyithi okanye ukuncipha kwe-asidi—imitha yeCoriolis yazisa ngoko nangoko inkqubo yolawulo, enokunyusa okanye inciphise ukwakheka kwe-asidi ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kugcina inkqubo yokugaya ikwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokugaya, ukunciphisa inkunkuma ye-asidi, kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho ohambelanayo ngexesha lokugaya i-hydrochloric acid kwimveliso yentsimbi.
Kutheni ukulawula uxinano kubalulekile ekuqokeleleni iasidi kwi-hot rolled strip?
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo kwinkqubo yokugaya i-hydrochloric acid lubalulekile ukuze kufezekiswe ukususwa kwe-oxide scale ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokonakalisa i-substrate yentsimbi. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-asidi luphantsi kakhulu, ukususwa kwe-scale kuyacotha, okukhokelela ekugayweni kwe-asidi engaphantsi kunye neengqimba ze-oxide eziseleyo. Xa i-asidi inamandla kakhulu, ibeka emngciphekweni wokugrumba okanye ukurhawuzelela umphezulu wentsimbi, inyuse iindleko kwaye inokubangela iziphene zokucubungula ezisezantsi. Iindlela zokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluzenzekelayo, ezinje ngokusebenzisa iimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-asidi ezizenzekelayo zeLonnmeter, zigcina uxinzelelo lwe-asidi ngaphakathi kweeparamitha ezifanelekileyo. Oku akugcini nje ngokwandisa ukhuseleko lwe-substrate kodwa kukwanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi kakhulu kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lukwaxhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokusingqongileyo ngokulawula ukukhutshwa kwe-asidi kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma enobungozi.
Zithini iingenelo zokuzenzela i-asidi ngokuzenzekelayo kwimigca yokucoca?
Iinkqubo zokwenza i-asidi ngokuzenzekelayo zemigca yokucoca zidibana neemitha zoxinzelelo ezikwimigca ukuze kulungiswe idosi ye-asidi ngokuchanekileyo njengoko kufuneka ngexesha langempela. Olu zenzekelayo lunciphisa okanye luphelisa ukungenelela ngesandla, luzinzisa iiparameter zenkqubo ezifana namandla e-asidi, ubushushu bokuhlamba, kunye nomxholo we-ion yentsimbi. Iingenelo ziquka:
- Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi, njengoko idosi ihambelana neemfuno zenkqubo yokwenyani kwaye iphinda isebenzise i-asidi efunyenweyo.
- Ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma okuphantsi kunye nokuhambelana nokusingqongileyo okuphucukileyo ngenxa yokunciphisa ukugqithiswa kwedosi.
- Uzinzo lwenkqubo oluhlala luhleli, nto leyo ephucula umgangatho wemveliso kwaye inciphise ukuphindaphindeka kokulahla inkunkuma ebhafini.
- Ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo kubasebenzi abangenazo iindawo ezinobungozi ze-asidi.
Iinkqubo zokwenza i-asidi ngokuzenzekelayo zikwavumela ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza namazinga emveliso aguquguqukayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokukhetha i-asidi ihlala ilungelelaniswe kakuhle ne-hot rolled strip ngamaxesha onke.
Ifolokhwe engaphakathi kwikhani ukugxilaiimitha ziyanceda ekuthinteleni ukuqokelelwa kakhulu?
Iimitha zoxinzelelo lwefork ezikwi-inline zibonelela ngokujonga rhoqo amandla e-asidi, zixhasa ukufunyanwa kwangoko ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-hydrochloric acid ludlula ngaphandle kweendawo ezimiselweyo. Olu vavanyo lukhawulezileyo lwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba inkqubo iqalise ukwenziwa kwe-asidi okanye izenzo zokuxuba ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukusetyenziswa kwemitha yoxinzelelo lwefork kwi-acid pickling kunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo umngcipheko wokukhupha kakhulu-imeko apho ukulahleka kwesinyithi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-asidi egqithisileyo kwenzeka ngenxa yokunciphisa ixesha elide okanye ngamandla. Ngokuvumela ulawulo oluvaliweyo, ezi mitha zinciphisa umngcipheko wempazamo yomqhubi kwaye zigcina inkqubo yokukhupha i-asidi kwi-hot rolled strip ngaphakathi kweefestile ezisemgangathweni kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Oku kukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kweekhemikhali ngokufanelekileyo, ukugcinwa kobunyani be-substrate, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo ngakumbi.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-01-2025
