Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-malonic acid, ukujonga umda woxinano kubonisa ukuba ukuguqulwa kwe-diethyl malonate okanye i-monoethyl malonate kufikelele esiphelweni. Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kuxhasa ukulungiswa kwenkqubo ngokuthe ngqo, ukuthintela ukungangqinelani kwebhetshi kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto eziluhlaza.
Umlinganiselo woxinano oluphakathiibonelela ngexesha langempela, ngokuqhubekayo ngokulandelela inkqubela yokusabela kwe-esterification, isusa iisampulu ezenziwe ngesandla kunye nokungacaci kwesiphelo. Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kwiimpendulo zeekhemikhali kuvumela uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo noluzenzekelayo lolawulo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nenkunkuma. Izifundo zoshishino zibonisa ukuba ukuhlanganiswa kwemitha yoxinano oluphakathi kwiinkqubo zeekhemikhali kuphakamisa ukuhambelana kwemveliso ngaphezulu kwe-95%, ngokutsho kophando lwakutshanje lwenkqubo. Olu phuculo luqhuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwimveliso yeekhemikhali ngelixa luxhasa iimfuno ezingqongqo zomgangatho wokwenziwa kwe-diethyl malonate kunye nokwenziwa kwe-monoethyl malonate.
Isityalo seDiethyl Malonate
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Isishwankathelo sokuhamba kweNkqubo ye-Esterification
I-Malonic acid iphendula nge-anhydrous ethanol phantsi kolawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu, ivelisa i-diethyl malonate kunye ne-monoethyl malonate ngokusebenzisa i-esterification. Isigaba ngasinye sibonisa utshintsho olucacileyo loxinano—uxinano lwesisombululo se-reactant luyancipha njengoko uguquko luqhubeka. Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kwiimpendulo zeekhemikhali kubonelela ngokulandelela okuqhubekayo kwezi nguqu. Ukufunyanwa kwexesha langempela lomlinganiselo woxinano kuphawula isiphelo sempendulo kwikhemistri.
Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo, okufezekiswa ngokubeka esweni uxinano olungaphakathi, ukunciphisa ukucubungula kakhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza. Ukulinganiswa okuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwandisa isivuno semveliso kwaye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwimveliso yeekhemikhali. Oku kuxhasa ukwenziwa kwe-diethyl malonate ephezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-monoethyl malonate, kusetyenziswa iipropati zeekhemikhali ze-malonic acid ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo.
Imingeni kwi-Inline Density/Concentration Measurement
Imixube yempendulo kwi-esterification iyatshintshatshintsha kwi-viscosity kunye noxinano ngenxa yamazinga okutshintsha kwe-malonic acid. Ukulinganiswa kwemitha yoxinano oluphakathi kufuna imbuyekezo engqongqo yobushushu, njengoko utshintsho ngalunye lwe-1°C lunokutshintsha uxinano lwesisombululo malunga ne-0.15–0.2 kg/m³, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukufumanisa indawo yokuphela kwempendulo.
Ubukho bemveliso ephuma ecaleni kunciphisa uvakalelo lokulinganisa isiphelo, nto leyo echaphazela ukuchaneka kokujonga umda woxinano. Ukuthatha isampuli ngesandla kwi-diethyl malonate synthesis kungenisa iimpazamo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3%, kunye nokulibaziseka okuthintela ukugqitywa kwemiqondiso yokuphendula kwangoko kunye nokulungiswa kwenkqubo ngexesha langempela.
I-Diethyl malonate
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Iingenelo zokudibanisa iiMeter zoxinano oluphakathi
Ukulinganiswa kwemitha yoxinano oluphakathi kuqinisekisa ukufunyanwa kwesiphelo sempendulo ngexesha langempela ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-malonic acid kunye ne-diethyl malonate. Ukusebenzisa imitha yoxinano oluphakathi kwiinkqubo zeekhemikhali kunciphisa iibhetshi ezingezizo ii-spec, okubonelela ngokujonga rhoqo ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali kwi-esterification kusetyenziswa i-malonic acid kunye ne-anhydrous ethanol. Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo kugcina isiphelo esichanekileyo sempendulo kwikhemistri, kunciphisa ukuphambuka kwi-stoichiometry yemveliso efunekayo.
Ukubeka iliso kumlinganiselo woxinano kwenza ukuba kuchongwe ngokukhawuleza izalathisi zokugqitywa kwempendulo, kunciphisa ukulibaziseka okunxulunyaniswa nokuthatha isampuli ngesandla. Ukulinganiswa koxinano olungaphakathi kwiimpendulo zeekhemikhali kunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukucutshungulwa. Oku kunciphisa izinto eziluhlaza ezigqithisileyo kwaye kunciphisa ilahleko yesivuno, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-monoethyl malonate synthesis, apho ukulandelela uxinano kunciphisa inkunkuma ngaphezulu kwe-10%. Ulawulo oluphuculweyo lwe-endpoint lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-8–12% ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-diethyl malonate ngokusebenzisa imijikelo echanekileyo yokufudumeza nokupholisa.
Ixabiso leeMeter zeLonnmeter Inline Density/Concentration
Iimitha zoxinano lwe-Lonnmeter zibonelela ngokuchaneka kwe-±0.001 g/cm³, okubalulekileyo ekufumaneni impendulo ethembekileyo kwi-esterification. Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluchanekileyo, ngexesha langempela kuxhasa ukuguqulwa kwe-malonic acid ukuya kwi-diethyl malonate kunye ne-monoethyl malonate, kuquka iimpawu eziphambili kwi-diethyl malonate kunye ne-monoethyl malonate synthesis.
Iiyunithi ezenzelwe i-ethanol engenamanzi kushishino zihlala zizinzile phantsi kweemeko zokubola, ezikhupha amandla amaninzi. Iiseli zokuhamba kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo eziqinileyo ziqinisekisa ukuqina; iindawo ezimanziswe zi-sensor azinazo iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwi-malonic acid xa kusenziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-ethanol engenamanzi.
Cela isicatshulwa seemitha zoxinano lwe-Lonnmeter kwiimpendulo zeekhemikhali ezifuna ukujongwa ngokungqongqo komda woxinano. Fumana ukufunyanwa kwesiphelo sempendulo ngokuchanekileyo kwi-malonic acid, i-diethyl malonate, kunye ne-monoethyl malonate synthesis usebenzisa izixhobo eziphambili ze-inline kuphela—akukho software okanye iinkqubo zolawulo ezibandakanyiweyo.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-27-2026
