Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluchanekileyo lwe-inline kubalulekile kwimveliso ye-acetonitrile (methyl cyanide). Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwe-Acetonitrile kunye nokungahambelani ngokupheleleyo namanzi kuyenza ibe nzima indlela yokwahlulahlula, nto leyo efuna idatha eqhubekayo yokubuyisela i-solvent ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokwenza ngcono isivuno.
Uxinano lweekhemikhali ezikwi-inline lunciphisa iibhetshi ezingezizo ii-spec kunye nokulahleka kwezinto kwiindawo zokuvelisa eziqhubekayo. Ukulinganisa ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho we-API, ukubuyiselwa kwe-solvent ngempumelelo, kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo evela kulawulo lwemveliso engaphantsi kwe-neonicotinoids.
Zithini iiNeonicotinoids
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Ukuhamba kweNkquboof Ai-cetonitrileImveliso
Imveliso ye-acetonitrile (i-methyl cyanide) yemizi-mveliso ixhomekeke kwiindlela ezintathu eziphambili: i-condensation reaction, i-nucleophilic substitution, kunye ne-ester exchange. Indlela ephambili yimveliso ephuma kwi-acrylonitrile manufacture, efuna i-fractional distillation ukuze yahlulwe. I-direct catalytic condensation ye-acetaldehyde ene-ammonia kunye nomoya phezu kwe-bismuth molybdate ivelisa i-acetonitrile, kodwa ithatha isabelo esincinci ngenxa yesivuno esiphantsi.
Ukutshintshwa kwe-Nucleophilic kusebenzisa i-haloethanes kunye ne-cyanides, okunika i-CH₃CH₂CN, kodwa kunqabile kakhulu ngenxa yeengozi zokutya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Ukutshintshwa kwe-Ester, okufana ne-methanolysis ye-acetamide, kunemveliso ephantsi. I-Acetonitrile's boiling point (81.6°C) kunye nokuxubana okupheleleyo kunye nokwahlukana komngeni wamanzi—umlinganiselo woxinano oluphakathi uphucula amanqanaba okuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokucoca.
I-Acetonitrile ixatyiswa njenge-polar aprotic solvent kwi-organic intermediate kunye ne-API synthesis, ineendima ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso yezinambuzane ze-neonicotinoid. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-solvent lunyusa ubumsulwa, isivuno, kunye nokhuseleko kwi-recrystallization kunye ne-downstream processing.
Ukubeka iliso kuxinanoImingeningaphakathiAi-cetonitrileImveliso
I-kinetics yenkqubo ekhawulezayo kwimveliso ye-acetonitrile ifuna ukujongwa ngexesha langempela ukulawula amazinga okuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-intermediates zesikhashana. Iindlela zokuphendula kwe-Condensation, ezifana nezo zikwiindlela ze-ammoxidation, zifuna impendulo ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yobushushu kunye novakalelo loxinzelelo. Ii-feedstocks eziguquguqukayo ezivela kwimithombo evuselelekayo kunye ne-fossil zizisa utshintsho kwi-methyl cyanide concentration, nto leyo echaphazela amanyathelo asezantsi. Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kufumanisa olu tshintsho ngoko nangoko, kugcina uluhlu lweethagethi nokuba kukho ukungcola kwe-bioethanol okanye i-ammonia.
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-solvent lubalulekile kumanyathelo okuphinda kusetyenziswe i-crystallization ukuze kuhlambuluke, njengoko ukuxubana ngokupheleleyo kwe-acetonitrile namanzi kuphazamisa ngokulula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwahlulwa nge-5–10%. I-acetonitrile echanekileyo njenge-solvent ye-polar aprotic ibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinambuzane ze-neonicotinoid, apho ukuphambuka kwe-0.5% kuxinzelelo kunokunciphisa isivuno semveliso ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3%. Ukulinganisa okucwangcisiweyo kuthintela iibhetshi ezingaqhelekanga kwiinkqubo zokuhamba okuqhubekayo, kunciphisa inkunkuma ye-solvent ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8% kwaye kunciphisa iziganeko zokuphinda kusetyenzwe kwakhona.
izakhiwo zeekhemikhali zezinambuzane eziqhelekileyo ze-neonicotinoids
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Iindlela zokulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi
Iimitha zoxinano oluphakathi ezifana netyhubhu yokungcangcazela kunye neenzwa ezisekwe kwiCoriolis zibonelela ngedatha eqhubekayo, yexesha langempela kwingxinano ye-acetonitrile ngexesha lokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Iimitha zoxinano lweekhemikhali ezivela kwiLonnmeter zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo neempawu zomzimba ze-acetonitrile, zixhasa ukuzenzekela ngaphandle kokuthatha isampuli ngesandla. Ezi sensors ezingaphakathi zisebenza phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obunamandla kunye nokuhamba okuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zokutshintshana kwe-condensation kunye ne-nucleophilic.
Iimitha zoxinano lweetyhubhu ezingcangcazelayo zilinganisa umlambo ophakathi, zibonelela ngokuchaneka kwe-±0.001 g/cm³ nokuba kukho iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo ezifana ne-acetonitrile. Izixhobo zeCoriolis zibonelela ngoxinano oluphindwe kabini kunye nempendulo yokuhamba kwamanzi. Zombini zimelana namaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi--20°C ukuya kwi-120°C kunye noxinzelelo lwepayipi olufikelela kwi-3 Mpa. Ezi zixhobo zigcina ukuthembeka kwenkqubo xa zisingatha ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwe-acetonitrile kunye nokungahambelani ngokupheleleyo namanzi.
Ukulinganisa okucwangcisiweyo rhoqo kuphucula ii-feed ratios kwi-nucleophilic substitution, kuvala ii-feedback loops kwi-ester exchange, kwaye kunciphisa ilahleko yesivuno kwiibhetshi ezingezizo ii-spec. Ukubeka iliso kwi-inline kukwavumela ukwenziwa kwe-API eqinileyo kwaye kuxhasa iimfuno ezingqongqo zobumsulwa kwi-pharmaceutical kunye ne-neonicotinoid synthesis.
Iingenelo zokudibanisa iiMeter zoXinzelelo/zoXinzelelo ezikwi-Inline Density/Concentration
Iimitha zoxinano oluphakathi zivumela ukufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kokuphambuka kwenkqubo kwimveliso ye-acetonitrile, zixhasa ubunyulu obuqhubekayo kwaye zinciphise ukubambezeleka kokulungiswa. Ukulinganiswa okuphakathi ngexesha langempela kugcina iipropati ezichanekileyo ze-acetonitrile ezifunekayo ukuze kubekho impendulo echanekileyo yokufuma kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-nucleophilic. Ulawulo oluqhubekayo loxinzelelo luthintela imveliso engaqhelekanga ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-methyl cyanide, kunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% xa kuthelekiswa nokuthatha isampuli ngaphandle kwe-intanethi.
Izixhobo ezingaphakathi kweLonnmeter zidibana neendawo ezinzima zenkqubo, zigcina imveliso ethembekileyo ngexesha lokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwe-ester exchange okanye izigaba ezityebileyo ze-solvent. Ukubeka iliso okuphuculweyo ngexesha lamanyathelo okuphinda kusetyenziswe i-crystallization kukhusela ubunyulu bemveliso, kuvumela ukwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo ukuba kufikelele kwisivuno esingaphezulu kwe-98%. Ukuhamba kwedatha ngokuchanekileyo kwazisa ulawulo oluqinileyo lwe-solvent, kunciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko kwimveliso yezithako ezisebenzayo zamayeza (API).
Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwezinambuzane ze-neonicotinoids, amanqanaba azinzileyo e-acetonitrile aphucula isivuno sempendulo kwaye acinezele ukwakheka kwemveliso engafunekiyo. Ukulinganisa okucwangcisiweyo kunciphisa ukulahleka kwendalo okunxulunyaniswa nokuveliswa kwe-neonicotinoid ngokubonelela ngokulandelela ngokuchanekileyo i-solvent, ukunceda ukuthobela imithetho kunye nemizamo yokuzinza.
Sombulula Imingeni yoBuninzi obuPhakathi in Ai-cetonitrilePuphuhliso
Cela ikowuteshini eyenzelwe wena ukusombulula imingeni yokulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi kunye nokuqinisa ulawulo kwimveliso ye-acetonitrile, kubandakanya iipropati kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-methyl cyanide, ukusetyenziswa kwe-polar aprotic solvent, kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo kwiinkqubo ze-neonicotinoid.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-27-2026
