Intshayelelo kwiNkqubo yoLungiso lweZityalo zamalahle
Inkqubo yokulungiselela isityalo samalahle iqulathe uthotho lwamanyathelo awenzelwe ukuphucula amalahle aluhlaza ngaphambi kokuba athunyelwe kwimarike. Amalahle afika kwisityalo exutywe nezinto ezingafunekiyo ezifana namatye, uthuthu, nesalfure. Injongo ephambili kukususa ezi zinto zingcolileyo, ukuvelisa imveliso yamalahle exabisekileyo, ecocekileyo efanelekileyo yokuvelisa umbane nokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso.
Ukuphathwa nokulungiswa kwamalahleImisebenzi yezityalo iqala ngokuphathwa kwamalahle, apho izinto zithuthwa, zigcinwe, kwaye zibe nobukhulu. Amanyathelo enkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle adla ngokuquka ukuhluzwa, ukutyumzwa, ukuhlamba, kunye nokwahlula. Inqanaba ngalinye lijolise kukungcola okuthile okanye ligxile kubungakanani ukuze kuphuculwe ukucutshungulwa okusezantsi.
Into ephambili ekucutshungulweni kwamalahle kukwahlulwa kwamalahle. Eli nyathelo lisebenzisa iipropati ezibonakalayo—ngokuyintloko uxinano—ukwahlula amalahle kwi-gangue. I-Gangue ibhekisa kwiiminerali ezingezizo zamalahle ezixutywe kwisondlo esiluhlaza, ekufuneka zisuswe ukuze kuphuculwe ixabiso leekhalori kwaye kuncitshiswe ungcoliseko. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokususwa kwamalahle ekucutshungulweni kwamalahle kuxhomekeke kakhulu kulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinano kwimidiya yokwahlulwa.
Ukulinganiswa koxinano kubaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokuhlamba amalahle. Ukugcina uxinano olufanelekileyo lokumiswa kuqinisekisa ukuba iindlela zokwahlula, ezinje ngokwahlulahlula okuphakathi, zisebenza kakuhle.imitha yoxinano kwi-intanethikwi-slurry yamalahle ivumela abaqhubi ukuba bajonge kwaye balawule i-medium, benciphisa ukulahleka kwamalahle acocekileyo kunye nenkunkuma.
Ukwahlulwa kweendaba ezinzima
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Itekhnoloji yamalahle acocekileyo kunye nemigangatho yenkqubo yokuvelisa amalahle acocekileyo ifuna imveliso ehambelanayo nesemgangathweni ophezulu. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinano lukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kokwahlulwahlulwa, okubangela isivuno esiphezulu samalahle acocekileyo kunye nokulahlwa okuncinci kwamaqhekeza atshayo. Inkqubo yokuphucula amalahle kunye noyilo lweziko lokuhlamba amalahle ziya kuhlanganiswa ngakumbi neenkqubo zokulinganisa uxinano ukuze kuphuculwe ulawulo.
Amagama aphambili asetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yezityalo zokulungiselela amalahle aquka:
- IGangue: Iiminerali ezingatshiyo kunye namatye axutywe namalahle aluhlaza.
- Amalahle acocekileyo: Imveliso emva kokususwa ngempumelelo kokungcola, kunye nomthamo wothuthu kunye nesalfure onciphileyo.
- Ukwahlulwa kwamalahle: Iindlela ezisetyenziswa ukwahlula amalahle kwi-gangue ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezifana noxinano.
Iindlela ezisebenzayo zokucubungula amalahle ngoku zisebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iibhafu eziphakathi ezixineneyo, izikrini, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ezizenzekelayo. Ukulungiswa kwamalahle ngempumelelo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezityalo, ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuthengiswa ngcono kwemveliso yamalahle.
Izinto ezisisiseko ze-Heavy Medium Suspension
Ukumiswa okuphakathi kakhulu sisiseko senkqubo yokulungiselela isityalo samalahle, okuvumela ukwahlula kakuhle amalahle kwi-gangue kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Le ndlela isebenzisa umgaqo wokuba izinto ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo ziya kusebenza ngokucacileyo xa zintywiliselwa kwindawo engamanzi enobunzima obuphakathi.
Inkcazo kunye nendima yokwahlulwa kwamalahle
Kwizityalo zokuphatha nokulungisa amalahle, i-heavy medium suspension ngumxube wolwelo—owaziwa kakhulu ngamanzi axutywe neeminerali ezixineneyo ezicoliweyo—osetyenziselwa ukwenza uxinano oluthile lwe-slurry. Amalahle aluhlaza afakwa kwi-suspension, apho amalahle axineneyo aphantsi ahamba khona, kwaye i-gangue sinks enoxinano oluphezulu iyancipha. Olu hlengahlengiso loxinano lwenza isiseko seendlela zokwahlula amalahle kwaye luxhasa ubuchwepheshe banamhlanje bokucoca amalahle, okuvumela ukususwa okukhethekileyo kwezinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nokuphucula imveliso yemveliso yamalahle acocekileyo. Ukwahlula phakathi okuxineneyo kuthathwa njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo lenkqubo yokuhlamba amalahle, okwandisa ukubuyiswa kwamalahle axabisekileyo ngeendlela zokucubungula amalahle eziyilwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Iintlobo zeMedium esetyenzisiweyo
Ukumiswa kweMagnetiteyeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kwimisebenzi yokuphucula amalahle. I-Magnetite, iminerali exineneyo nengangenisi khemikhali, igutywa kakuhle ize ixhonywe emanzini. I-slurry ephumayo inika uxinano oluhlengahlengiswayo, oluqhele ukuba phakathi kwe-1.3 kunye ne-1.8 g/cm³, olufanelekileyo ukwahlulahlula amaqhekeza amalahle ahlukeneyo kunye nokususwa kwe-gangue ekucutshungulweni kwamalahle. Uzinzo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-magnetite kwenza ukuba ibe yinto enqwenelekayo ngokwezoqoqosho nangokwemisebenzi kuyilo lwezityalo zokuhlamba amalahle, kunye nabahluli bemagnethi abaphinda bafumane i-magnetite ukuze isetyenziswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Ezinye izixhobo zokusasaza zisetyenziswe kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-ferrosilicon, i-galena, okanye i-barite, nangona ezi zingasetyenziswa rhoqo ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu okanye imida yokusebenza. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokusasaza kuxhomekeke kwiinjongo zezityalo, uqoqosho lwenkqubo, kunye nobubanzi boxinano olufunekayo.
Iimpawu Ezibonakalayo Eziphathelele Ukusebenza Kwenkqubo
Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokulungiselela isityalo sokuphatha amalahle kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zomzimba zokumiswa kwe-medium enzima:
- Uxinano:Uxinano lwesixhobo (ρ) lulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kube lula ukwahlulahlula okukhethiweyo. Abaqhubi badla ngokugcina i-ρ ngaphakathi koluhlu oluncinci, oluhambelana noxinano lwamalahle acocekileyo kunye ne-gangue. Umzekelo, uxinano oluphakathi lwe-1.5 g/cm³ luvumela amalahle (uxinano ~1.2–1.5 g/cm³) ukuba antante ngelixa elahla ilitye elixineneyo.
- Ukuxinana:Ukuqina kokumiswa kuchaphazela i-kinetics yokwahlulwa kwamalahle. Ukuqina okuphezulu kunokuthintela intshukumo yamasuntswana kwaye kunciphise ubukhali bokwahlulwa, ngelixa ukuqina okuphantsi kwenza ukuba ukuhluma kube ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
- Uzinzo:Uzinzo oluphakathi lubalulekile ukuthintela ukuhla ngokukhawuleza kwamasuntswana axineneyo, nto leyo enokutshintsha uxinano olusebenzayo lwe-slurry kwaye ibeke emngciphekweni ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo, kuncediswa yimitha yoxinano olukwi-intanethi lwe-slurry yamalahle efana neILonnmeter, inceda ukugcina iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuxhoma.
- Ukusasazwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana:Amasuntswana aphakathi acolekileyo anika uzinzo olukhulu kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwabuyisela ngokufanelekileyo. Amasuntswana aqinileyo ahlala ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo efuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwenkqubo kunye nokukhethwa kwezixhobo kwimisebenzi yezityalo zokulungisa amalahle.
Ukuchaneka ekulawuleni ezi mpawu zomzimba kuchaza impumelelo yokuphucula amalahle kunye nokuthembeka kwemisebenzi yezityalo zokulungisa amalahle. Izixhobo zezityalo zokuhlamba amalahle, kuquka iinkanyamba eziphakathi ezixineneyo, iibhafu, kunye needrama, zenzelwe ukugcina iipropati eziphakathi ezifunekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuphindaphindwa kunye nokuqina kwamanyathelo enkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle.
Umzekelo oqhelekileyo kukusebenza kwenkanyamba ephakathi exineneyo: Ukutya kwamalahle kungena kwinkanyamba, kwaye phantsi kwamandla e-centrifugal, amasuntswana ayahluma ngokusekelwe kuxinano kwi-magnetite suspension. Ukulungisa uxinano oluphakathi, ububanzi benkanyamba, kunye noxinzelelo lokutya kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bajolise kubungakanani obuthile bokunqunyulwa kokwahlulwahlulwa (d₅₀), balungelelanise ukusebenza kokucoca amalahle ngokweemfuno zemarike okanye zezityalo.
Ngokukhetha ngobuchule nokulawula iipropati ezixineneyo neziphakathi, ukuhlamba amalahle kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wawo kufikelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle, kuxhasa iteknoloji yamalahle acocekileyo kunye nokusebenza kwezityalo okuzinzileyo.
Ukubaluleka kokulinganisa uxinano oluchanekileyo
Ukugcina uxinano oluchanekileyo lokuxhoma kumanyathelo enkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle kubalulekile kwiindlela ezisebenzayo zokwahlula amalahle kunye nesivuno esiphezulu samalahle acocekileyo. Ukuphambuka okuncinci—yi-0.01 g/cm³ kuphela—kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwesivuno se-1–3% kwaye umxholo wothuthu unyuke uye kwi-0.5% kwimveliso yamalahle acocekileyo. Ukuchaneka apha kumisela indawo yokusika, echaza ukuba amasuntswana axela na kwimijelo yamalahle okanye yenkunkuma. Ke ngoko, ukulinganiswa koxinano oluchanekileyo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indlela esuswa ngayo ngokufanelekileyo izinto ze-gangue ezingafunekiyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphucula amalahle kunye nemisebenzi yokuhlamba.
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinano lunciphisa iimpazamo zokususwa kwe-gangue ekucutshungulweni kwamalahle, nto leyo ephucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Xa uxinano oluphakathi lubekwe phezulu kakhulu, amalahle axabisekileyo anokulahlwa ngempazamo njengenkunkuma, nto leyo enciphisa imveliso yamalahle acocekileyo iyonke kwaye inyusa inkunkuma. Ukuba uxinano luphantsi kakhulu, i-gangue engaphezulu iphelela kwimveliso yamalahle, inyusa umxholo womlotha kwaye inciphise ixabiso lemveliso yetekhnoloji yamalahle acocekileyo. Imisebenzi yezityalo zokulungiselela amalahle ngokuzenzekelayo ezixhotyiswe ngemitha yoxinano lwe-intanethi ye-slurry yamalahle ibonakalisiwe ukuba inciphisa amazinga okulahleka kwempahla nge-15-20%, iphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kwaye igcina umgangatho wemveliso ozinzileyo.
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinano lukwayimfuneko ukuze kubekho uxanduva lokusingqongileyo kwinkqubo yokuphatha nokulungiselela amalahle. Ungcoliseko oluphantsi lwe-gangue lunciphisa umthamo wenkunkuma efuna ukuphathwa nokulahlwa, luphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kwindawo kwaye lunciphise ukunyathela kwendalo. Imveliso yamalahle ecocekileyo ibangela ukuncipha kongcoliseko emva kokutsha, okuhambelana neenjongo zanamhlanje zenkqubo yokuvelisa amalahle acocekileyo. Uxinano oluzinzileyo lukwanceda ekulawuleni uthuli: xa uthuthu kunye neentlawulo zahlulwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zivaleleke kwimijelo yenkunkuma, uthuli oluhamba emoyeni ngexesha lokuphathwa luyancipha, lunciphisa umngcipheko kubasebenzi nakwindawo engqongileyo.
Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukulinganiswa rhoqo kunye nokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela uxinano oluxhonyiweyo kwizixhobo zezityalo zokucubungula amalahle kuthintela ukutyibilika koxinano, kugcina uxinano oluphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-±0.005 g/cm³ yexabiso ekujoliswe kulo. Oku kuhambelana kuxhasa imigangatho yoyilo lwezakhiwo zokuhlamba amalahle kunye nophuculo oluqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwamalahle. Izakhiwo ezisebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa zedijithali zibika umxholo ophantsi womlotha rhoqo—0.3–0.6% xa kuthelekiswa nezo zisebenzisa iindlela zokucubungula amalahle ngesandla.
Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluchanekileyo sisiseko sokufezekisa isivuno esicocekileyo samalahle, ukususa imingxunya ngokufanelekileyo ekucutshungulweni kwamalahle, kunye nolawulo olunenkathalo lokusingqongileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokulungiselela umatshini wokulungisa amalahle. Le ndima iphambili igxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkqubo zokubeka esweni eziphambili kunye neendlela zokulinganisa ezingqongqo kwimisebenzi yokulungiselela amalahle ngempumelelo.
Iindlela Zokulinganisa Uxinano Kwizityalo Zokulungiselela Amalahle
Iindlela Zemveli
Ukuthatha iisampulu ngesandla kunye nohlalutyo lwelabhoratri kube ngumqolo wolawulo lwenkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle. Kule ndlela, umqhubi uqokelela isampuli yodaka oluphakathi okanye lwamalahle ngamaxesha athile ukusuka kwiindawo ezithile kwinkqubo. Iisampulu zithuthwa ziye kwilabhoratri ekwindawo ukuze kumiselwe uxinano, kusetyenziswa iindlela ze-hydrometer okanye ze-gravimetric.
Indlela ye-hydrometer isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuvavanyweni ngokukhawuleza. Isampulu yokumiswa igalelwa kwisilinda esilinganisiweyo, kwaye i-hydrometer ifakwa kancinci. Uxinano oluhambelanayo lufundwa kwi-meniscus engamanzi, edla ngokufuna ukulungiswa kobushushu ukuze kuchaneke. Le ndlela ikhawuleza kodwa inokuba neengxaki ezininzi: izinto eziqinileyo ezincinci, amaqamza, okanye ukubonakala okungekho semgangathweni kwiisampuli ezimdaka zinokutshintsha iziphumo. Indlela yokusebenza yinguquko ebalulekileyo; ukufundwa kunokutshintsha ngokusekelwe kwindlela i-hydrometer edada ngayo kakuhle okanye ukuba isilinda ayibekwanga kumphezulu othe tyaba. Ii-Hydrometer ngokubanzi zifikelela kuchanekileyo ukusuka kwi-±0.005 ukuya kwi-±0.01 yeeyunithi zoxinano oluhambelanayo, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke ukujonga ngokukhawuleza kodwa kungekhona kulawulo oluqatha, ingakumbi kwiimeko zokumiswa okuqinileyo okanye okuxineneyo. Le mida inokuchaphazela iindlela zokwahlula amalahle kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa amalahle acocekileyo iyonke ukuba ayibonwanga.
Indlela yokulinganisela (i-gravimetric) isebenzisa i-pycnometer okanye isitya esifanayo. Isitya sizaliswa ngononophelo ngokumiswa kwaye silinganiswe kwibhalansi yohlalutyo. Umphandi uthabatha ubunzima besitya esingenanto aze ahlule ngomthamo wesitya ukuze amisele uxinano. Xa yenziwe ngononophelo, le ndlela ifikelela ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu (± 0.001 units), okwenza ibe luncedo ekuqinisekisweni kwenkqubo kunye nophando lwetekhnoloji yamalahle acocekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ihamba kancinci kwaye izisa amathuba empazamo—amaqamza omoya, ukungangqinelani kobushushu, kunye nokuzaliswa okungaphelelanga kunokutshintsha iziphumo. Ngaphezu koko, le nkqubo ifuna ukulinganiswa okucokisekileyo kwezixhobo zokulinganisa, kwaye ukumelwa kwesampulu kufuneka kugcinwe kulo lonke ixesha lokuphatha ukuthintela izigqibo eziphosakeleyo malunga nenkqubo yokuzuza amalahle.
Izisombululo zeMeter yoXinaniso kwi-Intanethi ngexesha langempela
Izityalo zokuphatha nokulungiselela amalahle zanamhlanje zixhomekeke kakhulu kwizisombululo zemitha yoxinano kwi-intanethi ukujonga inkqubo yesityalo sokulungiselela amalahle. Umgaqo osebenzayo wezi zixhobo ubandakanya ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo, ngexesha langempela koxinano lokumiswa—ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa iteknoloji esekelwe kwi-microwave, i-ultrasonic, okanye i-nyukliya. Umzekelo, imitha yoxinano kwi-intanethi yeLonnmeter isebenzisa izinzwa ze-elektroniki ezifakwe ngqo kumgca wolusu lwamalahle. Ezi zixhobo zikhupha imiqondiso nge-slurry kwaye zilinganisa indlela ezitshintshwa ngayo bubukho kunye noxinano lwezinto eziqinileyo, zibonelela ngokufundwa kwangoko koxinano lwe-slurry.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamanyathelo enkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle ngokubanzi kulula: iimitha zoxinano ezikwi-intanethi zondla idatha eqhubekayo kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwezityalo. Abaqhubi banokujonga uxinano lwesixhobo esinzima kwimikhumbi yokwahlula okanye balawule umlinganiselo wemagnetite okanye i-ferrosilicon ngexesha langempela. Ngee-loops zempendulo ezenzekelayo, isityalo sinokulungisa ukongeza okuphakathi, ukuxutywa kwamanzi, okanye iindawo zokwahlula phantse ngoko nangoko—ukunciphisa ukungenelela komqhubi kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwisampuli ngesandla.
Iingenelo zeemitha zoxinano ezizenzekelayo nezikwi-intanethi zinkulu kakhulu. Ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kuqinisekisa ulawulo oluqhubekayo malunga nokwahlulwahlulwa kwe-dense medium, isigaba esibalulekileyo kwiindlela zokucubungula amalahle. Ukufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kokuguquguquka koxinano kunceda ukuthintela ukubekwa gwenxa kwemveliso exabisekileyo okanye ukwanda kwenkunkuma, kugcina umgangatho wemveliso kunye nemveliso. Ngedatha eqhubekayo, imisebenzi yezityalo zokulungiselela amalahle iba ngcono ngakumbi, ixhasa iinjongo zobuchwepheshe bamalahle acocekileyo kwaye iphucula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo.
Izixhobo ezifana neLonnmeterimitha yoxinano kwi-intanethiibonakalise ukusebenza kwayo ekugcineni uxinano oluzinzileyo lokumiswa kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo—iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zokuphucula inkqubo yokuhlamba amalahle kunye nokususwa kwe-gangue ekucutshungulweni kwamalahle. Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zemveli, iinkqubo ze-intanethi ziyasusa ukubambezeleka kwesampulu, zinciphisa iimpazamo zabantu, kwaye zibonelela ngedatha ye-frequency ephezulu. Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluzenzekelayo kukwavumela impendulo ekhawulezileyo kwiimpazamo, kuxhasa ulawulo oluqinileyo lwenkqubo yokulungiselela ukwenziwa kwamalahle kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwamandla kunye ne-reagent kuyilo lwesityalo sokuhlamba amalahle.
Nangona ukuthathwa kwesampulu ngesandla kunye nohlalutyo lwelebhu kusabalulekile ekulinganisweni nasekusombululeni iingxaki, ukutshintshela kwimitha yoxinano lwe-intanethi kwizicelo ze-slurry yamalahle kubonisa inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo zezityalo zokucubungula amalahle kunye nemisebenzi yezityalo zokulungiselela amalahle zanamhlanje.
Izixhobo eziphambili kunye neeTekhnoloji ekuPhathweni nasekuLungiseni amalahle
Izityalo zanamhlanje zokuphatha nokulungiselela amalahle zixhomekeke kwizixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obudibeneyo ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhluzwa kwamalahle ngokufanelekileyo. Ukutyumza, ukuhluza, ukuhlamba, kunye nolawulo loxinano olusebenzayo kuxhasa inkqubo yesityalo sokulungiselela amalahle kwaye kuphembelela ngokuthe ngqo ukwamkelwa kobuchwepheshe bamalahle acocekileyo kunye nokususwa kwe-gangue ngokufanelekileyo ekucutshungulweni kwamalahle.
IiCrushers, iiScreens, kunye neeWashing Circuits
Ii-crushers zibalulekile ekunciphiseni ubungakanani kumanyathelo okulungiselela amalahle. Ii-crushers eziphambili zamalahle, ezifana nee-sizers, zahlulahlula amalahle asebenza kwimigodi zibe ziinqanaba ezichanekileyo zobukhulu ngaphambi kokuba zihlanjwe. Ii-sizers zisebenzisa ii-rolls ezichaseneyo, zilungelelanisa isantya sokuqengqeleka nokuhamba kwamalahle ukunciphisa ukutyumza okungeyomfuneko. Le ndlela inciphisa ukuveliswa kwee-fines, ezinokuthintela ukwahlukana okungaphantsi komjelo kwaye zinciphise amazinga okubuyisela. Umzekelo, itekhnoloji yanamhlanje ye-sizer inciphisa ukujikeleza kwakhona kwinqanaba lokutyumza, inika ubungakanani obufanayo bee-particle obufanelekileyo kakhulu bokwahlulwahlulwa ziisekethe zokuhlamba amalahle kunye neenkqubo ze-medium ezixineneyo.
Izikrini zilandela inqanaba lokutyumza, zihlela amalahle abe ngamaqhezu obungakanani obufanelekileyo kwiisekethe zokuhlamba. Ukuhlola okusebenzayo kuqinisekisa ukuba iisekethe zokuhlamba, ezifana needrama eziphakathi kunye neenkanyamba zokwahlulahlula, zifumana ukutya okufanelekileyo. Ezi sekethe zixhomekeke ekusasazweni kobukhulu beesuntswana obuchanekileyo obuveliswa phezulu. Ukuhlola okufanelekileyo kuxhasa iindlela ezisebenzayo zokwahlula amalahle kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemveliso ecocekileyo.
Iisekethe zokuhlamba, kuquka iibhafu eziphakathi ezixineneyo kunye neenkanyamba, zibalulekile kwinkqubo yokuhlamba amalahle. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa umahluko woxinano phakathi kwamalahle kunye ne-gangue, nto leyo evumela ukwahlukana okuchanekileyo. Ukusebenza kwezi ndlela zokucubungula amalahle kuxhomekeke ekuhambelaneni kobungakanani bokutya kunye nokuzinza koxinano oluphakathi, zombini ezimiselwe ngokutyumza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokukhethwa kunye nokusebenza kwesikrini.
Izixhobo zoLawulo lweSekethe ePhakathi kunye noXinaniso
Ukugcina uxinano oluphakathi ngqo kwisekethe yokuhlamba kubalulekile ukuze kwahlulwe amalahle ngokufanelekileyo. Izixhobo zokulawula uxinano ezifana neebhentshi zoxinano, iigeyiji zoxinano, kunye neemitha zoxinano olukwi-intanethi ze-slurry yamalahle zihlala zijonga kwaye zilungisa uxinano lwe-medium ngexesha langempela. I-Lonnmeter, imitha yoxinano olukwi-intanethi ye-slurry yamalahle, ibonisa olu setyenziso, inika ingxelo ekhawulezileyo yokugcina uxinano oluphakathi olujoliswe kulo ngaphakathi kokunyamezelana okuncinci. Eli nqanaba lolawulo lichaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokwahlula, linika abaqhubi idatha esebenzisekayo yokugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwinkqubo yokulungiselela isityalo sokuphatha amalahle.
Iivalvu zokuzahlula kunye neevalvu ezijika indlela ezihamba ngayo zilungelelanisa ukuhamba kwenkqubo, zivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokudibanisa okuphakathi, ukubuyisela, kunye nokusasazwa. Ezi zinto zolawulo ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokwahlula zihlala zihambelana, zinciphisa ukulahleka kwemveliso kwaye zixhasa inkqubo yokuvelisa amalahle acocekileyo.
Iisensors, iiValve, kunye neeNkqubo zoLawulo oluZenzekelayo
Izinzwa zibalulekile kwimisebenzi yanamhlanje yokulungiselela amalahle. Zijonga izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana noxinano lwe-slurry, amazinga okuhamba, uxinzelelo, kunye nokusasazwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuphucula amalahle. Le mithombo yedatha ibonelela ngengqiqo enokwenzeka yokulungiswa ngesandla kunye nokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo ukugcina uzinzo lwenkqubo.
Iinkqubo zolawulo ezizenzekelayo zidibanisa idatha ye-sensor, indawo yevalvu, kunye nempendulo yezixhobo ukuze kuphuculwe iimeko zokwahlulwahlulwa. Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zilungisa uxinano oluphakathi, zilawula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuqhekeza i-tiebreaker, kwaye zilinganisele ukujikeleza kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo, zinciphisa ukungenelela ngesandla. Ulawulo oluzenzekelayo luphucula ukuphuma kwezityalo, isivuno semveliso, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo ngelixa kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi ngokujonga imeko kwangaphambili kunye nezilumkiso zokugcinwa.
Iivalvu, eziququzelelwa ziinkqubo ezenzekelayo, zigcina ulawulo oluthembekileyo noluguquguqukayo kuzo zonke iindlela zokuhamba kwamanzi—ukuhanjiswa kwamalahle aluhlaza, ukujikeleza okuphakathi, kunye nokongezwa kwamanzi. Le ndlela ibanzi iqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kweyunithi nganye—ukutyumza, ukuvavanya, ukuhlamba—kusebenza njengento ehambelanayo, ixhasa uyilo oluphambili lwezityalo zokuhlamba amalahle kunye nolwakhiwo olusebenzayo lwezixhobo zezityalo zokucubungula amalahle.
Uyilo lwezityalo zanamhlanje luphucula ukwahlulwa kwamalahle kunye nokunciphisa uthuli, luqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko ephuculweyo kuyo yonke indawo yokuphatha nokulungiselela amalahle.
Izinto Ezichaphazela Uxinano Oluphezulu Lokumiswa Okuphakathi
Ii-medium suspensions ezixineneyo zisetyenziswa kuzo zonke izityalo zokulungiselela amalahle ukwahlula amalahle kwi-gangue, ukulawula umgangatho wemveliso kunye namazinga okubuyisela. Uxinano lwezi suspensions luchaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:
Ukusasazwa kobukhulu bamaqhekeza amalahle kunye ne-Gangue
Ukusasazwa kobungakanani be-particle (PSD) ye-magnetite okanye i-ferrosilicon kubumba ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo kunye noxinano lokumiswa. Ii-particles ezincinci, ngakumbi ezo zingaphantsi kwe-10 microns, zonyusa uzinzo lokumiswa ngokunciphisa amazinga okuhlala kunye nokukhuthaza ukusebenzisana kwe-colloidal. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba i-medium igcina uxinano olufanayo ngexesha lamanyathelo okwahlula kwinkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle. Nangona kunjalo, ukumiswa okulawulwa zii-fines kunokuba nzima, okwenza ukupompa kunye nokujikeleza kube nzima. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izinto ezirhabaxa ezininzi zihlala ngokukhawuleza, zibangele ukwahlulwahlulwa koxinano kunye nokwahlukana kwamalahle okungasebenzi kakuhle. I-PSD efanelekileyo ifuna umxube ocokisekileyo, ohlala ujongwa kwaye uhlengahlengiswe ngexesha langempela kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana neemitha zoxinano lwe-intanethi ze-slurry yamalahle, njengeLonnmeter, exhasa imisebenzi yesityalo sokulungiselela amalahle kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
Ulwakhiwo oluPhakathi kunye neRheology
Ukwakheka kweeminerali zesixhobo esiphakathi—ngesiqhelo i-magnetite okanye i-ferrosilicon—kuchaza uxinano olunokufikelelwa kunye nokuziphatha kwe-rheological. Ubukho be-fines buyandisa i-viscosity kunye noxinzelelo lwemveliso, nto leyo enokubangela umngeni ekuphathweni nasekujikelezeni kwegazi. Ukuba kukho ii-fines ezimbalwa kakhulu, uxinano luyehla, kwaye kufuneka kongezwe i-medium engaphezulu, nto leyo echaphazela iindleko zokusebenza. Uvavanyo lwe-rheological kwiminyaka yakutshanje lubonisa ukuba i-PSD efanelekileyo (ene-medium rates of sub-10 micron fines) ilinganisa uxinano kunye ne-viscosity elawulekayo, iqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo kwenkqubo yokuhlamba amalahle ngelixa ixhasa iinkqubo zokuvelisa amalahle acocekileyo. Izityalo zilungisa ulwakhiwo oluphakathi ngendlela eguquguqukayo ukuze zifikelele kuxinano olujoliswe kulo, ngesiqhelo phakathi kwe-1.3 kunye ne-1.5 g/cm³ kuninzi lweenkqubo zokuphatha amalahle kunye nokulungiselela isityalo.
Iiparameters zokuSebenza kweZityalo
Imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla inefuthe elingakumbi kuxinano oluphakathi nolukhulu. Izinga lokutya lilawula umthamo kunye nokusasazwa kwezigaba eziqinileyo nezilulwelo ezingena kwiisekethe zokwahlukanisa. Izinga eliphezulu lokutya linokunciphisa uxinzelelo oluphakathi, okukhokelela ekutshintsheni koxinano ukuba aluhlawulwa. Ukuxhathisa kubalulekile ekugcineni amasuntswana emile kwaye kuthintele ukuhlala, kodwa ukuxhathisa okugqithisileyo kunokubangela iifines ezigqithisileyo, kunyuse ukuxhathisa kwaye kubangele ubunzima kwiindlela zokwahlukanisa amalahle. Ubushushu buchaphazela zombini ukuzinza kokuxhathisa kunye nokuxhathisa; amaqondo obushushu afudumeleyo adla ngokunciphisa ukuxhathisa, kodwa ukuba amaqondo obushushu adlula amanqanaba afanelekileyo, anokukhawulezisa ukuhla okanye ukuguquguquka okuphakathi, aphazamise inkqubo yokuphucula amalahle. Abaphathi bezityalo badibanisa ezi parameters kwiiresiphi zokusebenza, bezilungisa ukuze zigcine uxinano oluphakathi olufanelekileyo lokususa i-gangue ekucutshungulweni kwamalahle.
Iimpembelelo zokuSasazwa koThuli kwiMpilo yaBasebenzi
Ukuphathwa kunye nokujikeleza kwe-heavy medium suspensions kubangela ukusasazeka kothuli, ingakumbi xa kusetyenziswa i-magnetite encinci okanye i-ferrosilicon. Ubuninzi bothuli buyanda ngokushukuma okuphezulu, ibhalansi engafanelekanga ye-PSD, okanye ukuphathwa okomileyo kakhulu. Ezi ziqwenga zomoya zibeka iingozi zokuphefumla kubasebenzi kwiindawo zezixhobo zezityalo zokucubungula amalahle. Uyilo lwezityalo ngoku lusebenzisa iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya eziphuculweyo kunye nokuqokelela uthuli ukunciphisa ukuvezwa ngexesha lamanyathelo enkqubo yezityalo zokulungiselela amalahle. Izixhobo zokubeka esweni ezikwimigca, ezifana neLonnmeter, zinokunceda ukunciphisa ukuphuma kothuli ngokuzenzekela ulawulo loxinano kunye nokunciphisa ukungenelela ngesandla. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lweengozi zothuli lubalulekile ekusetyenzisweni kobuchwepheshe banamhlanje bokucoca amalahle.
Iimeko zokusebenza kwezityalo zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amanqanaba oxinano oluphakathi kunye nothuli, zigxininisa imfuneko yolawulo oluchanekileyo kuzo zonke iinkalo ezichaphazela iipropati zokuxhoma okunzima okuphakathi. Iindlela ezisebenzayo zokucubungula amalahle zixhomekeke kwindlela edibeneyo, ukulinganisela i-PSD, ukwakheka okuphakathi, kunye nezicwangciso zokusebenza zokubuyisela amalahle acocekileyo okuthembekileyo kunye neendawo zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo.
Ukulungiswa kwamalahle
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Amaqhinga Okuphucula Inkqubo Yokulungiselela Amalahle
Ukugcina Uxinano Lokumiswa Oluzinzileyo
Ukugcina uxinano oluqinileyo oluphakathi noluqinileyo kubalulekile ukuze kwahlulwe amalahle ngempumelelo kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokuphatha nokulungiselela amalahle. Iinkqubo zempendulo zakha isiseko senkqubo yokuzenzekela. Iimitha zoxinano ezikwi-intanethi, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, zisebenzisa izinzwa zexesha langempela ezifana neegeyiji zoxinano lwenyukliya, ii-densimeters zetyhubhu ezingcangcazelayo, kunye nezinzwa ze-ultrasonic ukubonelela ngokufundwa okuqhubekayo koxinano oluphakathi. Ezi zinzwa zidityaniswe neenkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo, zibangela izenzo zempendulo ukuba uxinano olulinganisiweyo luyaphambuka kwiithagethi ezimiselweyo. Umzekelo, inkqubo inokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo i-magnetite okanye ukongezwa kwamanzi, iqinisekisa ukuba i-medium ihlala ngaphakathi kwefestile yoxinano olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo yokuhlamba amalahle.
Uhlengahlengiso olusebenzayo lubandakanya iivalvu ezizenzekelayo kunye neempompo zokulawula amazinga okuhamba kwamanzi axineneyo kunye ne-dilution water okanye i-magnetite slurry. Ezi zenzo zilawulwa yidatha evela kwi-intanethi density meter ye-coal slurry, ehlala ijonga utshintsho kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle ihlala ngaphakathi koluhlu olufunekayo lokusebenza. Ii-alamu zithunyelwa ukuba ukufundwa koxinano kuphula imida eyamkelekileyo, kwazisa abaqhubi malunga nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo okanye ukungcola kwe-sensor, okukhokelela kwisenzo sokulungisa ngokukhawuleza.
Izikhokelo zomsebenzisi zongeza ukuzenzekela, zigxininisa ukujonga ngononophelo izibonisi zoxinano, ukugcinwa rhoqo kwesensor, kunye nokusombulula ngokukhawuleza iingxaki ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nokufundwa okungaguqukiyo, ii-alamu eziqhubekayo, okanye ukungangqinelani okubonakalayo kumjelo wemveliso. Iinkqubo zokusombulula iingxaki ngokuthatha amanyathelo ziquka: ukuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa kwesensor; ukujonga ukuvaleka okanye ukuvuza kwimigca yokuhanjiswa okuphakathi; ukuphonononga utshintsho lwakutshanje okanye utshintsho lwendawo ebekwe kuyo; kunye nokwahlula unobangela wokuphambuka, njengeempawu zokutya kwamalahle ezingalindelekanga okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo. Uhlalutyo lwendlela eqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha kuxhasa ngakumbi ukwenziwa ngcono okuqhubekayo kunye nokuxilongwa kwesizathu esingundoqo kwimisebenzi yesityalo sokulungiselela amalahle.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwamalahle
Iindlela zokwahlula amalahle zixhomekeke ekulungiseni uxinano lwe-heavy medium ukuze kudalwe umda ochanekileyo phakathi kwamalahle kunye ne-gangue. Ukubeka uxinano oluchanekileyo lwe-medium kubalulekile: uxinano olunganelanga lubangela ukususwa kwe-gangue ngendlela engasebenzi kakuhle ekucutshungulweni kwamalahle, kunciphisa umgangatho wamalahle acocekileyo; uxinano olugqithisileyo lubangela ukulahleka kwezinto ezinokutsha ezishiyeni, ukunciphisa isivuno kunye nokwanda kwenkunkuma yezixhobo. Abaqhubi kufuneka balungise uxinano ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo oluqhelekileyo lweempawu zokutya kunye neenkcukacha zemveliso ezifunwayo.
Ulawulo lwenkqubo ekwi-intanethi luvumela uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo ukugcina indawo yokwahlulahlula, ukwandisa imveliso yamalahle acocekileyo kunye nokunciphisa umxholo womlotha. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo yokuphucula amalahle, uxinano oluphakathi lwe-1.35–1.50 g/cm³ luqhelekile ekuhlukaniseni amalahle asemgangathweni ophezulu kungcoliseko oluphezulu. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwelabhoratri kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweenkqubo ezikwi-intanethi kwaye kunceda ukugcina ulwalamano oluqinileyo phakathi koxinano lokwenyani nolujoliswe kulo, kuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bamalahle acocekileyo rhoqo.
Inkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle esebenzayo ikwafuna ukuba abaqhubi baphendule ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho lomgangatho wokutya. Ukuba amalahle angenayo ayahluka ngokobuninzi okanye ngobukhulu, uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo lwendawo yokumiswa koxinano luphucula ukwahlukana. Oku kuguquguquka kwenza uyilo lwendawo yokuhlamba amalahle lukwazi ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho lokukhupha imigodi, kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-gangue ngokungacwangciswanga kwaye kwandise ukubuyiswa nokucoceka kwemveliso yokugqibela.
Iindlela Zokunciphisa Uthuli
Ulawulo lothuli olusebenzayo lubalulekile kwimisebenzi yezityalo zokulungiselela amalahle ekhuselekileyo nehambelanayo. Iinkqubo zokunciphisa uthuli olumanzi zisemgangathweni kwiindawo zokusebenzela zokuhambisa kunye neendawo zokudlulisa amanzi, apho imivalo yokutshiza amanzi okanye izixhobo ze-atomizing zigcina amanqanaba othuli olusemoyeni ephantsi. Iinkqubo zenkqubo yokuvelisa amalahle acocekileyo zihlala zidibanisa ukuncitshiswa kothuli kunye nolawulo loxinano oluphakathi, ziqonda ukuba ulawulo loxinano oluchanekileyo lunciphisa ukuxinana kwezinto kunye nokwenziwa kothuli olubangelwa yi-agitator ngexesha lokucubungula nokudlulisa. Uxinano oluphakathi oluzinzileyo luthetha ukutshiza okuncinci kunye nokufakwa okuncinci kwee-particles ezincinci kwimisinga yomoya.
Ukongeza, uxinano oluphakathi olulawulwa kakuhle luthintela ukuxinana okugqithisileyo kwezinto eziqinileyo, kunciphisa ukuguguleka kwemibhobho, iingozi zokuchitheka, kunye nokuveliswa kothuli oluhambelanayo—ingakumbi okubaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo zezityalo zokucubungula amalahle ezivalekileyo. Abaqhubi bezityalo banomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa rhoqo ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yokunciphisa uthuli kwaye kufuneka balungise ngokukhawuleza ukuvuza, ukuvaleka kwemilomo yokutshiza, okanye ukutshintsha koxinano olukhawulezileyo olunokunyusa umngcipheko wothuli. Indlela elungileyo yokusebenza iyalela ukuphononongwa rhoqo kweendawo zokulawula uxinano kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokunciphisa uthuli, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluqhubekayo kubasebenzi, izixhobo, kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ukugcina uxinano olufanelekileyo lokumiswa, ukwahlulwahlulwa kwamalahle ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokunciphisa uthuli oluqinileyo kuxhasa iinkqubo zokulungiselela ukuphathwa kwamalahle ezisebenzayo, ezikhuselekileyo, nezisemgangathweni ophezulu. La manyathelo enkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle, axhaswa kukubeka esweni uxinano oluphezulu kwi-intanethi kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezicwangcisiweyo, zakha isiseko semveliso yamalahle acocekileyo yanamhlanje.
Izinto eziqwalaselwayo kwiNdalo noKhuseleko
Ulawulo olufanelekileyo loxinano kwinkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle lunefuthe ngqo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwee-particles. Uxinano oluphakathi oluphezulu lumisela ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa, luchaphazela ukuba zingakanani izinto ezincinci, ezifana nothuli lwamalahle okanye ii-gangue particles, ezinamathela kumalahle emva kokuhlamba. Ukuba uxinano oluphakathi alulungiswanga, izinto eziseleyo ezincinci zinokuphuma ngexesha lokuhlamba okanye lokuphatha, nto leyo enegalelo ekukhutshweni kothuli oluphezulu ngexesha lokugcinwa nokuhanjiswa.
Ukukhutshwa kothuli yeyona nto iphambili kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokuphatha nokulungiselela amalahle. Iindlela zokucubungula amalahle ezifana nokwahlulwa kwe-dense medium, xa zisetyenziswa ngolawulo oluchanekileyo loxinano, zinceda ekuveliseni iindawo ezicocekileyo zamalahle ezinezigwegwe ezincinci. Le teknoloji yamalahle acocekileyo ivumela ukuba uthuli oluncinci lukhutshwe emoyeni xa amalahle ephathwa kamva kwikhonkco lenkqubo. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuhlamba emva kokwahlulwa akwanelanga ngenxa yoxinano olungalinganiyo kakuhle, iinxalenye ezincinci zinokuhlala zinamathele kumalahle. Ezi zigwegwe kamva ziba nomoya ngexesha lokudluliselwa okanye ukugcinwa komthuthi, ziphakamisa amanqanaba e-PM10 kunye ne-PM2.5, aziwa ngokuba yingozi kwimpilo yokuphefumla kwaye anciphise umgangatho womoya ongqongileyo.
Uphuculo kumgangatho womoya kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi lunokufezekiswa ngokunciphisa uthuli ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo eyenzelwe inkqubo yokuphucula amalahle. Ukunciphisa amanzi kuthathwa njengeyona ndlela isebenzayo, ukusebenzisa amanzi okanye ii-surfactants ezikhethekileyo ngexesha nasemva kokwahlulwa okuxineneyo. Le ndlela ithintela uthuli olusemoyeni ngokubamba amasuntswana amancinci kumphezulu. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwee-agents zokumanzisa kwiindawo zokudlulisa kunye nokugcina kunciphisa kakhulu ukufuduka kothuli. Uyilo lwee-stocking zamalahle lukwachaphazela ukukhutshwa kothuli: ii-piles ezithe tyaba, xa kuthelekiswa nezo zi-conical, zivelisa uthuli oluncinci kakhulu ngenxa yokunciphisa ukuvezwa komoya kunye nokuxinana kumphezulu wee-pile.
Inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, njengokusetyenziswa kweemitha zoxinano kwi-intanethi kwi-slurry yamalahle (njengezo zivela eLonnmeter), zenza kube lula ukujonga nokulungisa uxinano lokumiswa ngexesha langempela. Oku kuvumela ulawulo olungcono lwenkqubo ngexesha lokusebenza kwesityalo sokulungiselela amalahle kwaye kuxhasa ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwezicwangciso zokunciphisa uthuli ezihambelana neeparamitha zenkqubo ebekiweyo.
Ukuze kugcinwe ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokusingqongileyo, kuvela iingcebiso ezininzi:
- Ukulinganiswa rhoqo kunye nokubekwa esweni koxinano oluphakathi oluxineneyo kulo lonke uyilo lwesityalo sokuhlamba amalahle ukuqinisekisa ukuba uluhlu oluphezulu loxinano luyagcinwa ukuze kwahlulwe ngempumelelo kwaye kugcinwe kancinci kancinci.
- Ukususwa kothuli ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iindawo ezibalulekileyo, ingakumbi xa kusahlulwa amalahle, kuhlanjwa, nakwizikhululo zokuhambisa izinto, kukhethwa iinkqubo zokususwa kothuli olumanzi. Ukuba kusetyenziswa izinto zokususa uthuli, khetha izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-phytochemical eziqinisekisiweyo ukuba zikhuselekile kubasebenzi nakwindalo esingqongileyo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kokubeka esweni umgangatho womoya ngexesha langempela kwiindawo zomsebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinaniso lwe-PM aludluli kwimida yokuvezwa emsebenzini.
- Ukuphunyezwa kweendawo ezithintelayo kunye neendawo zokufikelela ezilawulwayo ezijikeleze iindawo ezinothuli oluninzi ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi kunye nokufuduka kwabo ngaphandle kwendawo.
- Qinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwezityalo kunye nezixhobo zezityalo zokucubungula amalahle ziyahambelana nemigaqo yomthetho yokukhupha ukungcola kunye nokhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza. Oku kuquka ukudibanisa amandla okulawula uthuli kwinkqubo yokulungiselela isityalo sokuphatha amalahle kunye nokwenza uhlolo oluqhelekileyo lokusingqongileyo.
Ukunamathela kwezi ndlela kuqinisekisa ukucutshungulwa kwamalahle okukhuselekileyo nokunoxanduva lokusingqongileyo, kuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yokuveliswa kwamalahle acocekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwezityalo kunye nemigangatho yempilo yabasebenzi.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
Iyintoni indima yokulinganisa uxinano kwinkqubo yokulungiselela isityalo samalahle?
Ukulinganiswa koxinano kusebenza njengepharamitha yokulawula ephambili kwinkqubo yokulungiselela isityalo samalahle. Imisela ukusebenza kokwahlulwa okuphakathi okunzima—indlela exhomekeke kuxinano oluchanekileyo lwe-suspension, ngesiqhelo i-magnetite kunye namanzi, ukwahlula amalahle acocekileyo kwi-gangue. Ukugcina uxinano oluphakathi olufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba amalahle ayadada ngelixa ukungcola okufana nelitye kunye nesinki se-shale, kwandisa isivuno samalahle acocekileyo kunye nokususwa kwe-gangue ngokufanelekileyo. Nokuba ukuphambuka okuncinci kuxinano kunokunciphisa amazinga okubuyiselwa kwamalahle kwaye kwandise ungcoliseko, okuchaphazela umgangatho wemveliso kunye noqoqosho lokusebenza kwinkqubo yokuhlamba amalahle kunye nenkqubo yokuphucula amalahle.
Imitha yoxinano lwe-intanethi iyiphucula njani indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle?
Imitha yoxinano lwe-intanethi, njengeemodeli ezibonelelwe yiLonnmeter, ivumela ukujonga rhoqo, ngexesha langempela lendlela enzima esetyenziswa kuyilo lwezityalo zokuhlamba amalahle. Ngempendulo ekhawulezileyo, abaqhubi banokulungisa ukuhamba kwenkqubo, bagcine amanqanaba oxinano olufanelekileyo, kwaye baqinisekise ukuveliswa kwamalahle acocekileyo okuzinzileyo. Oku kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elibangelwa kukuthatha iisampulu ngesandla kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo, okukhokelela ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa amalahle acocekileyo rhoqo. Iinkqubo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo oluvaliweyo zisebenzisa idatha evela kwiimitha zoxinano lwe-intanethi ukulawula ukongezwa kwemagnetite kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi, nto leyo ezinzisa ngakumbi ukusebenza kwenkqubo.
Yintoni i-gangue kwaye yahlulwe njani kwizityalo zokulungiselela ukuphatha amalahle?
IGangue ichaza izinto ezingezizo iiminerali kunye nokungcola—ezifana namatye, i-shale, kunye nodongwe—okwembiwa kunye namalahle. Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela isityalo sokulungisa amalahle, i-gangue yahlulwe kumalahle kusetyenziswa iindlela ezisekelwe kuxinano. Ukumiswa kwe-heavy medium kusebenza njengokwahlula: amalahle, ngoxinano oluphantsi, ayadada, ngelixa i-gangue exineneyo isiyatshona. Olu hlulo luqhutywa buxinano oluphakathi olulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye lubalulekile kwitekhnoloji yamalahle acocekileyo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso.
Kutheni ukususwa kothuli kubalulekile kwizityalo zokuphatha nokulungisa amalahle?
Ukususwa kothuli kubalulekile kwimpilo, okusingqongileyo, kunye nezizathu zezixhobo ekusebenzeni kwezityalo zokuphatha nokulungisa amalahle. Uthuli lwamalahle lunokuba yingozi yokuphefumla kubasebenzi, lunciphise ukubonakala, kwaye lonakalise izixhobo ngokukrala nokuvaleka. Ulawulo olusebenzayo lothuli—kuquka iindlela zokunciphisa uthuli olumanzi kwiindawo zokusebenzela zebhanti yokuhambisa—lunciphisa uthuli olusemoyeni, luphucula ukhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza, kwaye lwandise ubomi bezixhobo. Abaphathi bezakhiwo badla ngokuhlanganisa izitshizi zamanzi ezenzekelayo kunye neeyunithi zokukhupha uthuli njengenxalenye yamanyathelo enkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle.
Zeziphi izixhobo ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokulungiselela amalahle ukuze kulinganiswe kwaye kulawulwe uxinano oluphakathi?
Izixhobo eziphambili zokulinganisa nokulawula uxinano oluphakathi ziquka:
- Iimitha zoxinano lwe-intanethi ze-slurry yamalahle, ezifanaIzixhobo zeLonnmeter, ebonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela.
- IiHydrometer zokuqinisekisa rhoqo ngesandla.
- Ii-crushers kunye nezikrini zokunciphisa ubungakanani kunye nokwahlulahlula.
- Iisekethe zokuhlamba kuquka isivunguvungu esiphakathi kunye nebhafu, ukuze kwahlulwe ngokuxinana.
- Iinkqubo zolawulo ezizenzekelayo ezilungisa ulwakhiwo oluphakathi ngokusekelwe kufundo loxinano.
Ezi nkqubo kunye nezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, ukujolisa ngokuchanekileyo koxinano, kunye nokususwa kwe-gangue okusebenzayo kwizixhobo zezityalo zokucubungula amalahle kunye nenkqubo yokuphucula amalahle. Umzekelo, iimitha zoxinano ezikwi-intanethi zidibana ngqo neephaneli zolawulo ukulawula idosi yemagnetite kunye nokugcina iindawo ezimiselweyo zoxinano, okukhokelela kwiindlela eziphuculweyo zokwahlula amalahle kunye nemveliso yamalahle ecocekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-02-2025
