Ukulinganiswa kweViscosity yeoyile yeFuel

Iindlela zokulinganisa ukuxinana kweoyile yepetroli

Ii-viscometers ezisebenza ngexesha lokucubungula zichonga i-viscometer ye-oyile yepetroli ngokulinganisa i-vibrating frequency yentonga engcangcazelayo ngaphakathi kwi-oyile. Zilungele kakuhle i-viscosity ephezulu kunye ne-non-Newtonian fluids. Oku kuzenza zibe luncedo kwi-oyile yepetroli enzima kunye ne-bitumen, zibonelela ngokufundwa kwe-viscometer ngexesha langempela, rhoqo kuzo zombini iindawo zentsimi.

Iingenelo zee-viscometer ezijikelezayo:

• Ifanelekile kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ze-viscosities, ingakumbi ii-oyile eziphezulu kakhulu okanye ezingezizo eze-Newtonian.

• Iyakwazi ukulinganisa ngokuqhubekayo nangokuzenzekelayo.

• Ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kwizicelo zenkqubo.

Imida:

• Umlinganiselo ongangqalanga we-kinematic viscosity ofuna ukuguqulwa.

Inkqubela phambili yanamhlanje kuvavanyo lwe-Viscosity

• Iseli enye yokulinganisa enoluhlu olubanzi: Isixhobo esinye sigubungela ububanzi be-viscosity spectrum, sinciphisa ukutshintshana kwezixhobo.

• Uluhlu oluqhubekayo kunye nokuzisebenzela ngokuzenzekelayo: Akukho mfuneko yokutshintsha ii-viscometers kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, zilungele iindawo ezisebenzisa amandla aphezulu.

• Iimfuno zesampulu kunye nezinyibilikisi ezincitshisiweyo: Ubungakanani besampulu obuncinci kunye nokucoca okuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa iindleko kwaye kuphucula ukhuseleko lwelabhoratri.

• Ukunciphisa ukulinganiswa/ukugcinwa: Amanyathelo alula okuqinisekisa anciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi.

• Ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo ezipheleleyo: Ukuveliswa kwedijithali okukhawulezayo kunye nokuhlanganiswa okulula neenkqubo zeenkqubo ezenzekelayo.

Iindlela ezilungileyo zokulinganisa ubungqindilili

Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ubungqindilili beoyile yepetroli ziqala ngokuphathwa nokulungiswa kwesampuli okungqongqo. Iioyile kufuneka zibe nye kwaye zibe ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lazo lokuthululwa; ukuphathwa okungafanelekanga yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuba zingaphinde ziveliseke kakuhle. Iisampuli ezifudunyezwa ngaphambi kokufudumala kunye nokuxuba ngobunono kunciphisa ukwahlulwahlulwa kunye nokwahlulwa kwezigaba. Iibhotile zesampuli ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuphepha ungcoliseko kubalulekile.

Ukulungiswa nokugcinwa kwee-viscometers kuxhasa ukuthembeka komlinganiselo:

• Sebenzisa imigangatho yesalathiso eqinisekisiweyo xa ujonga rhoqo ukulinganisa.

• Qinisekisa ukuchaneka kwesixhobo ngokukhangela ulwelo oluthatha uluhlu olulindelekileyo lwe-viscosity.

• Gcina ii-viscometer zicocekile—iioyile eziseleyo zinokubangela ukuba iziphumo zibe yingozi.

• Ukulungiswa kweerekhodi kunye nokungenelela kokugcinwa ukuze kulandelelwe umkhondo.

Ulawulo lobushushu ngexesha lovavanyo lubalulekile. Indlela eqhelekileyo yokuvavanya kukuvavanya kwi-40°C nakwi-100°C kuba i-viscosity yeoyile yepetroli ixhomekeke kakhulu kubushushu. Ezi ndawo zimiselweyo zihambelana neemeko zobushushu eziqhelekileyo kwindawo yokugcina nakwimisebenzi yenjini. Nokuba ukuphambuka kwe-0.5°C kunokutshintsha kakhulu ukufundwa kwe-viscosity.

Ukukhetha i-viscometer efanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwisicelo kunye nohlobo lweoyile:

• Ii-viscometer zeglasi ze-capillary: Umgangatho wegolide kwiilebhu zereferensi kunye nezomthetho; zilungele ulwelo olucacileyo nolukhanyayo lwe-Newtonian.

• Ii-viscometers ezishukumayo: Zikhethwa kwioyile enzima, enobungqindilili obuphezulu, okanye engeyiyo eyeNewtonian; vumela ukulinganiswa kwenkqubo ngexesha langempela.

Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni i-oyile yepetroli ibalulekile—ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-atomization, ukusebenza kakuhle komlilo, kunye nokuguguleka kwenjini—kufuneka kukhokele ukukhethwa kwesixhobo, indlela, kunye neenkqubo zohlalutyo ngalunye. Uvavanyo oluqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo lukhusela ukusebenza kwenjini, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Imigangatho kunye nokuthotyelwa kweMigangatho kwi-Viscosity ye-oyile yepetroli

Isishwankathelo seMigangatho ePhambili

Ukulinganiswa kwe-viscosity yeoyile yepetroli kuxhomekeke ekuthobeleni imigangatho emiselweyo eqinisekisa ukuhambelana, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuzo zonke izicelo. Ezona ziqatshelweyo kakhulu yi-ASTM D445 kunye ne-ASTM D7042, kunye ne-ISO 3104 kunye neenkcukacha ezinxulumene noko.

Imigangatho ye-ASTM

• I-ASTM D445: Le yindlela yakudala yokulinganisa i-kinematic viscometers, ikakhulu kusetyenziswa ii-glass capillary viscometers. Iqinile, yamkelwe ngokubanzi, kwaye yakha isiseko semida emininzi yeenkcukacha zamafutha.

• I-ASTM D7042: Enye indlela yanamhlanje, i-D7042 isebenzisa ii-Stabinger viscometers ukulinganisa i-dynamic viscosity kunye ne-density ngaxeshanye. Le ndlela ikhawuleza, igubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwe-viscosities kunye namaqondo obushushu, ifuna isampuli encinci, kwaye idla ngokwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze iphumeze kakhulu. Ishishini le-petroleum likhetha ngakumbi le ndlela yohlalutyo oluqhelekileyo noluphambili ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza.

• Ezinye iindlela ze-ASTM: Ukongeza, iindlela ezifana ne-ASTM D396 zilawula imida ye-viscosity kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeoyile yepetroli, zichaza ukusebenza kokuveliswa kombane kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso.

I-ISO kunye nee-International Equivalents

• I-ISO 3104:2023: Umgangatho wamva nje we-ISO ubonakalisa umqolo wenkqubo ye-ASTM D445 kodwa wandisa uluhlu lwamafutha, kubandakanya imixube ye-biofuel (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% FAME) kunye namafutha amatsha ahlukeneyo afana ne-HVO kunye ne-GTL. Ichaza iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili:

  • Inkqubo A: Ii-viscometer zeglasi ezisebenzisa ii-capillary ngesandla.

  • Inkqubo B: Ii-viscometer ze-capillary ezizenzekelayo.
    Zombini zifanelekile kwii-Newtonian fluids kodwa zinezilumkiso malunga namafutha angengowaseNewtonian.

• Imigangatho ye-ISO iyanyanzeliswa kwaye ibhekiswa kwihlabathi liphela, idityaniswa ngokungenamthungo nemigaqo yesizwe yokulawula kwaye ihambelana neemfuno zeenjini zeenqanawa, izityalo zamandla, kunye nezitshisi zemizi-mveliso.

Iimfuneko zokuthobela imithetho

• Iinjini zeShip (IMO MARPOL Annex VI): Ukuthobela imithetho yaselwandle kugxile kumgangatho wepetroli, nto leyo eyalela ngokungangqalanga ulawulo lwe-viscosity ukuxhasa ukusebenza kokutsha kunye nokuthobela ukukhutshwa komoya. Ukususela ngo-Agasti 2025, abaqhubi beenqanawa kufuneka balandele amaxwebhu angqongqo omgangatho wepetroli kunye neembopheleleko zokuthatha iisampulu. Ukusetyenziswa kweeoyile zepetroli ezithobelayo—ingakumbi kwiindawo zoLawulo loKukhupha umbane (≤1,000 ppm sulfur)—kufuna ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-viscosity kunye neerekhodi ezinokulandelelwa.

• Izityalo zamandla: I-ASTM D396 ichaza iimfuno zezitshisi ezincinci, zorhwebo, kunye nezemizi-mveliso. Ubungakanani bokukhanya kufuneka bulinganiswe kwaye buqinisekiswe ukuba buhlala ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuchaziweyo, kwaye ukufudumala kwangaphambili kudla ngokufuneka kwiinqanaba eziphezulu zokukhanya ukuze kube lula ukupompa kunye nokufakelwa kwe-atom.

• Izitshisi zeMizi-mveliso: Ukuthobela imigangatho ye-ASTM kunye ne-ISO viscosity kubalulekile kukhuseleko lokusebenza, ukuphathwa kwepetroli, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutshisa. Uviscosity engalunganga iphazamisa i-atomization yepetroli kwaye inokunyusa ukukhutshwa okanye yonakalise izixhobo.

Ukumodela Okuphambili kunye noHlalutyo lwe-Viscosity ye-Fuel Oil

Iimodeli zokuxhomekeka kubushushu kunye nokulinganisa

I-viscosity yeoyile yepetroli ibuthathaka kakhulu kubushushu, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhamba kwamanzi, i-atomization, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutsha. Ngokwesiqhelo, olu lwalamano luyimodeli kusetyenziswa ii-equation ze-Andrade kunye ne-Arrhenius, ezibonisa ukubola kwe-viscosity njengoko ubushushu bunyuka. I-equation yohlobo lwe-Arrhenius idla ngokubhalwa ngolu hlobo:

η = A · exp(Eₐ/RT)

Apho i-η i-viscosity, i-A yi-pre-exponential factor, i-Eₐ yi-activation energy, i-R yi-universal gas constant, kwaye i-T yi-temperature kwi-Kelvin. Le fomula ibonisa inyani ebonakalayo yokuba ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyanda njengoko amandla obushushu oyisa amandla aphakathi kweemolekyuli.

Uphando lwakutshanje luchonge i-Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) equation kunye neemodeli ze-universal scaling njengezona zisebenza ngakumbi kwii-complex fluids ezifana ne-crude okanye i-heavy fuel oils. I-VFT equation,

η(T) = η₀ · exp[B/(T–T₀)],

yazisa iiparameters ezidityaniswe nobushushu benguqu yeglasi (T₀), inika uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwe-viscosity kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu nakwiintlobo zeoyile ezahlukeneyo. Izifundo eziphononongwe ngontanga ziqinisekisa ukuba ezi modeli ziphumelela kakhulu kuneendlela zovavanyo, ingakumbi phantsi kweemeko ezinzima okanye ngokuguquguquka kokwakheka.

Ukuchonga iiParamitha eziphambili:

• I-API Gravity: Oku kubonisa uxinano lweoyile kwaye kubalulekile ekuqikeleleni iipropati zokuhamba. I-API gravity ephezulu ivelisa i-viscosity ephantsi—ibalulekile ekuqhubekekeni kakuhle nasekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla.

• Isalathisi soBuqhophololo: Sichaza indlela i-viscosity eyehla ngayo njengoko ubushushu busanda kufutshane notshintsho lweglasi. Iioyile ezine-fragility indices eziphezulu zibonisa utshintsho olukhulu lwe-viscosity, oluchaphazela indlela yokuphatha kunye nesicwangciso sokutsha.

• Amandla Okuqalisa: Amela umda wamandla okunyakaza kweemolekyuli kulwelo. Iioyile ezinamandla aphezulu okuqalisa zigcina ubunzulu obuphezulu kumaqondo obushushu athile.

Iimodeli zokukala ze-Universal, eziqinisekiswe luphando lwanamhlanje, zibonelela ngeendlela zokukhupha ezi parameters ngokwenani kwiimilinganiselo ze-viscosity. Umzekelo, uphando lwango-2025 lusebenzise imodeli yokukala ye-global kwiioyile ezikrwada, ludibanisa ubushushu bokutshintsha kweglasi kunye namandla okusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-API gravity kunye ne-molecular makeup. Oku kwenza ukuba abaqhubi bakwazi ukuqikelela utshintsho lwe-viscosity ngenxa yokuxuba, utshintsho lobushushu, kunye nokwahluka kwemvelaphi ngokuthembeka okukhulu.

Iingenelo zokulinganisa iinkqubo kunye nokwenza ngcono:

• Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kokulinganisa inkqubo: Akusekho mda wefomyula eqinisekisiweyo—iimodeli zijongana noluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweesampuli zeoyile eluhlaza.

• Ulawulo lwenkqubo oluphuculweyo: Abaqhubi banokulindela ukuguquguquka kwe-viscosity kunye nokulungisa kakuhle ukufudumeza, ukuxuba, okanye idosi yokongeza ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zokuhamba kunye ne-atomization.

• Ukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya: Idatha echanekileyo ngakumbi ye-viscosity ixhasa uyilo lweenjini kunye nezitshisi ukuze kufezekiswe ukutsha okupheleleyo ngelixa kunciphisa ii-hydrocarbons ezingatshiyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-CO₂.

Ukusebenzisa ezi modeli ziphambili kwenza kube lula ukusebenza okunzulu kophando kunye nokwemizi-mveliso, okuvumela iinkqubo zolawulo lwe-viscosity ngexesha langempela kwiioyile zepetroli ezinzima, nokuba phantsi kweemeko ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni.

Ukudibanisa idatha ye-Viscosity kuhlalutyo lokusebenza kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi

Ukuhlanganiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwedatha ye-viscosity yeoyile yepetroli kuhlalutyo lokusebenza kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi kubalulekile kwimisebenzi esebenzayo necocekileyo. Ukubonakala kwegesi kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-atomization ngaphakathi kwee-injectors kunye nezitshisi. Ukubonakala kwegesi okuphezulu kuthintela ukwakheka kwamaconsi amancinci, okubangela ukutsha okungalunganga, ukusetyenziswa kwegesi okwandisiweyo, kunye nokukhutshwa okuphezulu (ikakhulukazi ii-hydrocarbons ezingatshiyo kunye nezinto ezincinci). Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukubonakala kwegesi okwenziwe kakuhle kuxhasa ukuveliswa kwe-atomization ecolekileyo, okukhokelela ekutshisweni okupheleleyo ngakumbi kunye nokunciphisa imveliso yongcoliseko [ILonnmeter].

Iziphumo Zokusebenza Kwenkqubo:

• Imveliso yamandla: Uphononongo lwenjini lwango-2025 lufumanise ukuba ukunciphisa i-lubricate viscosity (umz., ukusuka kwi-SAE 10W-40 ukuya kwi-SAE 5W-30) kwandisa amandla enjini ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6.25% ngenxa yokuzinza okuphuculweyo kokutsha.

• Ukusetyenziswa kweFuel: Iingxelo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba iioyile ezinobungqindilili obuphezulu zibangela ukutsha okungaphelelanga, nto leyo enyusa ukusetyenziswa kwefuel ethile kunye nokuguguleka kwenjini. Ukunciphisa okulawulwayo—ngokufudumeza okanye ukuxuba—kuhlala kunciphisa iimfuno zefuel.

• Iprofayili yoKhupho lweMphunga: Idatha yetyala ibonisa ukwehla okukhulu kwi-CO₂ kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-hydrocarbon iyonke xa i-viscosity ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukufudumeza ioyile yepetroli enzima okanye ukuxuba ne-lighter kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-hydrocarbon kwindawo ephakamileyo ngama-95% kwaye kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo:

• Ulwalamano oluthe ngqo phakathi kokunciphisa i-viscosity kunye nolawulo lokukhutshwa kwe-emissions: i-viscosity ephantsi = i-atomization engcono = ii-hydrocarbons kunye nee-particles ezimbalwa ezingatshiyo.

• Ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli ethile kuyehla njengoko i-viscosity isondela kumanqanaba afanelekileyo, nto leyo evelisa iingenelo zoqoqosho kunye nokuthobela imithetho.

Ezi ziphumo zigxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkqubo zokulinganisa i-viscosity yeoyile yefutha eziqinileyo, ukunamathela kwimigangatho ye-ASTM, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-analyzers eziphambili ukuze kuqhubeke kujongwa kwaye kuphuculwe. Ingqwalasela ebukhali kwi-viscosity iqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ze-viscosity yeoyile yefutha zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwaye azinampembelelo ingako kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Eziqwalaselweyo Kwinkqubo Ezenzekelayo

Ukubeka iliso kunye noLawulo lweViscosity yeXesha langempela

I-automation yenkqubo yanamhlanje ixhomekeke ekulinganisweni kwe-viscosity ngexesha langempela, ngaphakathi komgca ukuqinisekisa ukuba iioyile zepetroli zigcina ukuhamba kakuhle kunye neempawu zokutsha. Ii-viscometers ezingaphakathi komgca, ezifana nee-viscometers ezingaphakathi komgca, zibonelela ngokufundwa kwe-viscosity okuqhubekayo, okunesisombululo esiphezulu ngqo ukusuka kumjelo wenkqubo. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obubonelela ngokufakelwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphindaphinda okuphezulu ngaphandle kokulungiswa rhoqo.

Ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo nabalawuli beenkqubo, ingakumbi ii-PID loops, kuvumela iinkqubo zolawulo lwamafutha ezizenzekelayo ukuba zilungise ukufudumeza kwangaphambili, ngaloo ndlela zijolise kwiindawo ezithile ze-viscosity xa zithunyelwa kwi-burners. Olu lwakhiwo lwe-closed-loop luvelisa iingenelo ezininzi:

• Ukuphucula Ukusebenza Kokutshisa: Ingxelo yexesha langempela iphucula i-atomization yamafutha, inyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshisa kwaye inciphise iidiphozithi.

• Ulondolozo Oluncinci: Imitha ye-viscosity engaphakathi kwe-Lonnmeter ayinazo iindawo ezishukumayo kwaye inokumelana nokungcoliswa bubumdaka okanye izinto ezingcolisayo.

• Ukuthembeka: Ukuqonda okungaphakathi kuzisa idatha echanekileyo engachaphazeleki yisantya sokuhamba okanye ukungcangcazela koomatshini, okuxhasa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaselwandle okanye kwimizi-mveliso.

Iinkqubo ze-viscometer ze-kinematic capillary ezizenzekelayo kunye neeYunithi zokujonga ukuhamba kwe-Viscosity (ii-VFMU) ziyandisa ngakumbi ezi zakhono. Iindlela eziphambili zisebenzisa umbono wekhompyutha wokuvavanya i-viscosity engadibaniyo, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko kunye nokubonelela ngedatha yedijithali yolawulo lwezityalo okanye ukulandeleka.

Ukusombulula iingxaki kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo

Ukulinganisa i-viscosity okusebenzayo kunokujongana nemingeni emininzi:

Ukuchonga nokusombulula iingxaki zokulinganisa

Ukufundwa okungalindelekanga—okufana nokujika okungaqhelekanga, ukutyibilika, okanye ukuyeka—kufuna ukusombulula iingxaki ngokucwangcisiweyo:

• Jonga uLungiselelo lweSensor: Qinisekisa uhlengahlengiso lwesixhobo ngokwemigangatho ye-viscosity eyaziwayo (njengeenkqubo ze-ASTM) ukuze uthintele ukushukuma kwenkqubo.

• Hlola uQhagamshelo loMbane: Iintambo ezikhululekileyo okanye iindlela zesignali ezingasebenzi kakuhle zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezibangela iimpazamo zokulinganisa.

• Hlola useto lwesixhobo: Iimpazamo zenkqubo okanye iindawo zokuseta ezingangqinelaniyo zinokubangela ukungaqheleki kwedatha. Jonga iincwadana zobugcisa zomenzi ukuze ufumane amanyathelo okuqinisekisa.

Ukujongana nongcoliseko, ukujika kobushushu, kunye neempazamo zokulinganisa

• Ungcoliseko: Ukuqokelelwa kokungcola okanye udaka kufutshane nencam yesensa kunokuphazamisa ukufundwa. Khetha isensa ezinemiphezulu egudileyo, enganamatheliyo kunye neengxondorha ezincinci. Kwizixhobo ezinobuthathaka, kucetyiswa uhlolo kunye nokucoca rhoqo.

• Ukutshintsha kobushushu: Ukuqina kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubushushu. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iireferensi zikhankanyiwe kwaye zilungisiwe kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo (ngesiqhelo i-40°C okanye i-100°C) ukuze kuvavanywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

• Iimpazamo zoLungiso: Ukuqinisekiswa okucwangcisiweyo kunye nolwelo oluqhelekileyo kunye nokunamathela kwiinkqubo zohlengahlengiso zabenzi kuthintela ukutyibilika kwexesha elide kwaye kuqinisekisa ukulandeleka kokulinganisa.

Ukuba izinto ezingaqhelekanga ziyaqhubeka, jonga amaxwebhu omenzi ukuze ufumane uxilongo lwesensor okanye ufake ezinye izinto ezirhanelekayo ukuze ubuyisele ukuthembeka komlinganiselo.

Ukuphucula Ukuguquguquka Komgangatho Wepetroli

Ulawulo lwe-viscosity luya luba nzima ngenxa yokwahluka okukhulu okufumaneka kwiindidi zeoyile yamafutha yanamhlanje kunye nemixube, kuquka imixube ye-HFO-biofuel.

Amaqhinga okulinganisa nokulawula okuZiqhelanisayo

• Ii-Algorithms zoLawulo oluZilungelelanisayo: Sebenzisa imodeli yolawulo lokuqikelela (i-MPC) okanye iindlela zokufunda zokuqinisa ezidityaniswe ne-viscometry yexesha langempela ukuze kuphendulwe ngendlela eguquguqukayo kutshintsho kulwakhiwo lwamafutha.

• Uhlengahlengiso lobushushu kunye nolongezo: Ukuguqula ngokuzenzekelayo iiseti ze-preheater, okanye idosi yokuphucula ukuhamba kwamanzi, ngokuphendula kwiinguqu ze-viscosity ezilinganisiweyo.

• UkuModeli Okuqikelelayo: Sebenzisa iimodeli zokufunda koomatshini eziqeqeshwe kumxube wembali kunye nedatha yepropathi ukuqikelela i-viscosity kunye nokulungisa iiparameter zenkqubo ngaphambi kokwenza impazamo.

Impembelelo yoMgangatho weFuel kwi-Viscosity kunye neMisebenzi

• Imiqobo Yokusebenza: Amafutha anokuguquguquka okuphezulu afuna ulawulo oluguquguqukayo, njengoko amazinga ahlukeneyo esabela ngokwahlukileyo kubushushu kunye nokuchetywa. Ukungaphumeleli ukuziqhelanisa kunokukhokelela kwi-atomization engaphelelanga okanye engaphezulu, eneziphumo ekusebenzeni kakuhle komlilo kunye nokukhutshwa komoya.

• Iimfuno zezixhobo: Izixhobo kufuneka ziqine ngokuchasene notshintsho kwikhemikhali yamafutha, ukungcola, kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa okuzinzileyo nokuchanekileyo phantsi kweemeko zenkqubo ezitshintshatshintshayo.

• Ukuthobela neMigangatho: Ukugcina i-viscosity ecacileyo kubalulekile ekuthobeleni imithetho kunye nokuphepha ukuguguleka okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenjini [Kutheni i-Viscosity ibalulekile kwi-Fuel].

Umzekelo, ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-HFO ene-viscosity ephezulu ukuya kwi-bio-blend ekhaphukhaphu kunokubangela ukuba kukhawuleziswe uhlengahlengiso lwamazinga okufudumeza kwaye mhlawumbi nohlengahlengiso loluhlu lwe-sensor ukuze kulondolozwe i-atomization efanelekileyo kunye nomgangatho wokutsha. Ii-sensors eziphambili kunye namaqhinga okulawula abalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-oyile yamafutha okuthembekileyo nokusebenzayo xa kujongwe ukwahluka okunjalo.

Ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-oyile yepetroli kuhlala kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inkqubo, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuzinza kumacandelo amandla kunye nezothutho. Ubungakanani buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-atomization yepetroli, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsha, kunye neeprofayili zokukhupha ukungcola. Ubungakanani obungaphantsi kobungakanani bunokubangela ukufakwa kakubi kwepetroli, ukuncipha kokusebenza kakuhle kokutsha, imveliso ephezulu yongcoliseko, kunye nokuguguleka kwenjini—okwenza umlinganiselo ochanekileyo ube yimfuneko kubaqhubi kunye neenjineli zeenkqubo ngokufanayo.kutheni-ukuqaqamba-kubalulekile-kumafutha.