Ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi rhoqo sisiseko esingenakutshintshwa sokwenza okusebenzayoukudadaukufunxwa kwee-reagent ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa, okusebenza njengekhonkco elibalulekileyo phakathi kozinzo lwenkqubo, ukubuyiswa kwesinyithi, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Ngokunikezela ngedatha echanekileyo ngexesha langempela malunga namazinga okuhanjiswa kwee-reagent kunye ne-slurry dynamics, ivumela izityalo ukuba zilungelelanise ngokuguquguqukayo kwi-mineralology ye-ore etshintshayo, iimeko ze-pulp, kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo zokusebenza- ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa ngaphantsi kwedosi (okunciphisa ukubuyiselwa) kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwedosi (okuchitha iikhemikhali kwaye konakalise umgangatho we-concentrate).
Umlinganiselo weReagent ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweFlotation
Iziseko zeFlotation Reagent Dosing
Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo i-reagent ye-flotation kubalulekile ukuze kuphuculwe ukwahlulahlula iiminerali ezixabisekileyo kwisityalo sokucubungula izimbiwa. Ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nolawulo lwedosi ye-reagent kumisela ukusebenza kakuhleiiseli zokudada, echaphazela amazinga okubuyisela kunye nomgangatho wokugxila. Xa abaqokeleli, abanjengoxanthate okanye abaqokeleli be-dithiophosphate, benganikwanga idosi ngokufanelekileyo, iziphumo zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuthatha idosi egqithisileyo kwe-xanthate kunokugcwala ngaphezulu kwemiphezulu yeeminerali, okubangela kungekuphela nje ukunyuka kwesantya sokuhamba kobunzima bezixhobo zokulinganisa kodwa kunye nokusebenza okungacwangciswanga kwee-gangue particles, okunciphisa kakhulu ukukhetha. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuthatha idosi engaphantsi kukhokelela ekunamatheleni okwaneleyo, kunciphisa ubunzima beeminerali eziqokelelweyo kwaye kunciphisa isivuno siphela. Ukusetyenziswa komqokeleli we-Dithiophosphate kujongana nemiqobo efanayo; ulawulo oluchanekileyo lunciphisa iindleko eziphezulu kakhulu ze-reagent kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali okungeyomfuneko, kuxhasa iindlela zokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko ze-reagent ye-flotation ezinzileyo.
IiReagents zeFlotation kwiMineral Processing
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Ukumbiwa kwee-frothers kudlala indima eyahlukileyo kodwa ebaluleke ngokulinganayo. Amanqanaba azo achaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo lwe-froth, ubungakanani beebhamuza, kunye nomthamo wokuthwala. Ukugqithisa i-frother kukhokelela kwi-froth ezinzileyo kakhulu, enokubamba i-gangue engaphezulu, inciphise umgangatho wokugxila nangona amazinga okudada enyuka. Ukunciphisa i-floth kuyawuphazamisa u-froth, okubangela ukuba amasuntswana axabisekileyo angenamanzi aphuma kwiseli kwaye kunciphise ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
Ukuzinza kwe-froth, okunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokudibanisa i-reagent kunye neenguqu zokusebenza, kukwachaphazela ukudluliselwa kobunzima ngaphakathi kweeseli zokudada. I-froth ezinzileyo ivumela ukunamatheliswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamaqamza omoya kumasuntswana eeminerali, okwenza kube lula ukudluliselwa ngokufanelekileyo kumjelo oxineneyo. Iimeko ze-froth eziphazamisekileyo, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kwedosi, ziyawuphazamisa lo msebenzi, zichaphazela iiyunithi zokuhamba kobunzima bokulinganisa imveliso efunyenweyo.
Ukufezekisa ukusebenza kwe-flotation efanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kuhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo noluchanekileyo kwi-reagent dosing—ingakumbi xa kuphendulwa iimeko ze-dynamic ore. Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kuncedisa ekwenzeni ngcono i-reagent dosage, kunciphisa amathuba okuchithwa kwe-reagent ebizayo kunye namaqhinga okuxhasa amazinga aphezulu okubuyisela isinyithi.
Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Ezichaphazela Inkqubo Yokudada
I-Flotation reagent dynamics iyaziqhelanisa neenguqu ezahlukeneyo. I-ore mineralogy, ngakumbi ukusasazwa kobungakanani be-particle, inefuthe elikhulu kwindlela ii-reagents ezisebenzisana ngayo ne-slurry. Ii-finer particles zifuna ukulungiswa kweentlobo ze-reagent kunye namazinga okutya, njengoko zibonelela ngendawo engaphezulu yokufunxa kwaye zinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza izinga lokuhamba kobunzima elidlula kwi-flotation cell. Ukuba isixhobo sokulinganisa izinga lokuhamba kobunzima sibonisa utshintsho olukhulu, utshintsho oluhambelanayo nokongeza ii-reagent luhlala lulandela ukugcina ukukhetha okufunekayo kunye nokubuyisela.
I-pH ye-pulp yindlela ephambili yokulawula iikhemikhali; ichaphazela zombini umsebenzi wokuqokelela kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-frother. Umzekelo, idosi ye-xanthate kwi-flotation iba yinto ebalulekileyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-pH, kunye neemeko ze-asidi eziphucula ukufunxwa kweeminerali ze-sulfide ngelixa kunciphisa umsebenzi kwi-silicates ezingafunekiyo. Xa i-pH isuka kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo, nokuba incinci, i-mineral surface chemistry kwaye ngaloo ndlela i-flotation kinetics inokutshintsha, ifuna ukulungiswa kwakhona kwe-reagent ngononophelo.
Umoya omdaka udibana ngokusondeleyo nomthamo womngxuma kunye nowokuqokelela. Ukuhamba komoya okwandileyo kuphucula ukusasazeka kwamaqamza kodwa kunokufuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu lomngxuma ukuze kugcinwe ulwakhiwo lomngxuma. Ukuba umoya unyuka ngaphandle kokulungiswa, ukudilika komngxuma oguquguqukayo okanye ukufakwa kwe-gangue okungafunekiyo kwi-concentrate kuhlala kwenzeka.
Iiparameter zokusebenza—isantya se-impeller, ixesha lokuhlala kweseli, kunye noxinano lwe-pulp—iimfuno ezongezelelweyo ze-reagent yesimo. Isantya esikhawulezayo se-impeller sinokuphula amaqamza ngaphambi kwexesha, sinyuse imfuno. Utshintsho kuxinano lwe-pulp okanye i-slurry viscosity, mhlawumbi elinganiswa ngezixhobo ezifana ne-inline density meter evela kwi-Lonnmeter, itshintsha amazinga okusebenzisana phakathi kwee-reagents kunye namasuntswana eeminerali, nto leyo echaphazela ngakumbi idosi efanelekileyo. Ezi zinto ziguquguqukayo zibaluleke ngakumbi ekuphuculeni izinga lokubuyiswa kwesinyithi kwimigodi, njengoko uhlengahlengiso lwexesha langempela kwi-reagent feed lunokulungisa ngokukhawuleza ukuphambuka kwenkqubo kwaye luphucule isivuno sesinyithi ngokudada.
Ngamafutshane, ukufunxa ngokuchanekileyo i-flotation reagent isenzo sokulinganisela esiqhubekayo esixhomekeke kwiimpawu ze-ore, iiparameter zokusebenza, kunye nempendulo yezixhobo. Kuphela ngokuqwalasela into nganye echaphazelayo—iintlobo zomqokeleli kunye ne-frother, amazinga okulinganisa, ukujonga izinga lokuhamba kobunzima, ulawulo lwe-pH, kunye nomoya—indawo apho isityalo sokucubungula izimbiwa sinokuphucula ukukhetha, ukubuyisela, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko ngaxeshanye.
Ukubaluleka koMlinganiselo wokuhamba kobunzima okuqhubekayo nokuchanekileyo
Imigaqo kunye neeTekhnoloji zokulinganisa isantya sokuhamba kobuninzi
Ukulinganisa rhoqo nangokuchanekileyo isantya sokuhamba kobunzima kubalulekile ekuphuculeni idosi ye-reagent kwizityalo zokucubungula izimbiwa. Kwiesekethe zokudada, ukuhanjiswa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubeka esweni ii-reagents—ezifana nee-xanthate kunye nee-dithiophosphate collectors—zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwahlulwa, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko ze-reagent, kunye nokuveliswa kwesinyithi iyonke.
Iimitha zokuhamba kobunzima beCoriolis zisetyenziswa njengesixhobo esiphambili sokulinganisa izinga lokuhamba kobunzima. Ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokubangela ukungcangcazela kwiityhubhu zesensor; njengoko i-reagent idlula, ukuhamba kobunzima kuvelisa utshintsho lwesigaba kwi-vibration ngokulingana nezinga lokuhamba kobunzima bokwenyani. Lo mgaqo wokulinganisa uvumela iimitha zeCoriolis ukuba zibambe ngokuthembekileyo kungekuphela nje izinga lokuhamba kodwa kunye neepropati ezibalulekileyo zomzimba ezifana noxinano kunye ne-viscosity—kwanokuhlawula utshintsho lobushushu okanye ulwelo lwenkqubo. Ukuchaneka kwazo kuhambelana nempazamo ye-0.05% phantsi kweendlela ezichanekileyo zokufakela kunye nokulinganisa, okwenza zibe sisixhobo esikhethwayo sokulinganisa izinga lokuhamba kobunzima kwizicelo zolawulo lwe-reagent ngexesha langempela.
Iiyunithi zokulinganisa ukuhamba kobunzima ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-flotation reagent dosing ziquka iikhilogram ngeyure (kg/h), iitoni ngeyure (t/h), kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, iigram ngomzuzwana (g/s). Ukukhethwa kweeyunithi kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bokusebenza kunye nobukhulu bolawulo obufunekayo kwiintlobo ezithile ze-reagent. Ukusebenzisa iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo zokuhamba kobunzima kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlengahlengiso lwedosi luguqulela kuphuculo olubonakalayo kuzo zombini izicwangciso zokunciphisa iindleko ze-reagent kunye nokuphucula izinga lokubuyisela isinyithi.
Ukubaluleka kokulinganisa okunesisombululo esiphezulu, ngexesha langempela kuxhomekeke kubuchule bayo bokubonelela ngempendulo kwangoko. Ngokuchonga ukuphambuka kwizinga lokuhamba kobunzima ekujoliswe kuko, abaqhubi banokungenelela ngokukhawuleza, bethintela iziqendu zokusetyenziswa kwedosi engaphantsi (ukunciphisa amazinga okubuyisela) okanye ukusetyenziswa kwedosi egqithisileyo (ukunyusa iindleko ze-reagent kunye nokubeka emngciphekweni ukungazinzi kwenkqubo).
Ukuhlanganiswa kweeTekhnoloji zeSensor zoLawulo lokuDosa iReagent
Izinzwa kunye nabahlalutyi be-intanethi—kuquka i-inline density kunye ne-viscosity metres yiLonnmeter—zibekwe ngendlela efanelekileyo kuyo yonke imibhobho yokuhambisa i-reagent nakwiindawo zokulinganisa kwisekethe yokutyibiliza. Oku kubekwa kubenza bakwazi ukuqokelela idatha engaphazanyiswayo, yexesha langempela malunga neepropati kunye namazinga okuhamba kwe-reagent, okubonelela ngomsinga ozinzileyo wolwazi olusebenzayo kubalawuli beenkqubo.
Iimitha zokuhamba kobunzima beCoriolis zenza umqolo wale nkqubo yokubeka esweni rhoqo, ingakumbi kwimeko yabaqokeleli (njenge-xanthate kunye ne-dithiophosphate) kunye nokumba amagwebu. Ukulinganiswa kwesantya sokuhamba kobunzima obuchanekileyo kubonelela abaqhubi ngolwazi oluthembekileyo lokulinganisa nokuba iimeko zenkqubo zitshintsha kangakanani na—ukutshintsha kobushushu, utshintsho lwe-viscosity, okanye utshintsho kulwakhiwo lwe-slurry.
Ii-feedback loops zibalulekile kwimpumelelo yale nkqubo: Idatha evela kwiisensa ezikwi-intanethi iqhuba ulawulo lwe-dosing oluzenzekelayo olulungisa ngokuguquguqukayo ukuhanjiswa kwe-reagent. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuhamba kobuninzi kwehla ngenxa yokuvaleka okanye utshintsho lwe-viscosity, iindlela ze-feedback zinokulungisa ngoko nangoko izinga le-dosing, ziqinisekisa ukuba amazinga okubuyisela isinyithi ahlala kumanqanaba ekujoliswe kuwo kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko ze-reagent kuyagcinwa. Olu buchule bokulungisa ubomi bubaluleke kakhulu apho ukulungiswa kwedosi ye-reagent kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kwemveliso yesinyithi esecaleni kunye neyona ifanelekileyo.
Iinethiwekhi zesensor ezidityanisiweyo, ezixhaswe ziimitha zokuhamba kobunzima kwaye zincediswa ziisensor zoxinano kunye ne-viscosity, zivumela iziphumo zokulinganisa rhoqo xa kukho ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo. Abaqhubi bayazuza kwisilumkiso sangaphambi kwexesha malunga nokungahambi kakuhle—ukunyuka kokuhamba, ukwehla koxinano, okanye ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kwe-reagent—okuvumela ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokwahlulwa okubuthathaka okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent egqithisileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuchaneka kokulinganisa okuphuculweyo kunye nempendulo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo ziguqulela ekunciphiseni ukuchithwa kweekhemikhali, ukuphuculwa kwemveliso yesinyithi ngokudada, kunye nokonga okukhulu kweendleko zokusebenza—iinjongo eziphambili kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokwenza ngcono idosi ye-reagent.
Amaqhinga okuphucula i-Flotation Reagent Dosing
Ukuzenzekelayo kunye nokuLungiswa kweeNkqubo zokuDosa ezikude
Iinkqubo zokulinganisa i-reagent ezijikelezayo ngokuzenzekelayo zivumela izityalo zokucubungula izimbiwa ukuba zilungelelanise ngokukhawuleza utshintsho kwi-ore feed kunye nokuguquguquka kwenkqubo. Ulawulo oluvaliweyo, oluqhutywa kukulinganiswa kwenkqubo ngexesha langempela, luqinisekisa ukuba i-reagent dosing iphendula rhoqo kwiimeko zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo. Umzekelo, izixhobo zokulinganisa izinga lokuhamba kobunzima obuphakathi—ezifana neemitha zoxinano kunye ne-viscosity ezenziwe yiLonnmeter—zibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo kubalawuli be-dosing. Le ngxelo ivala i-loop phakathi kweempawu ze-slurry ezilinganisiweyo kunye namazinga okongezwa kwe-reagent, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ihlala ikwinjongo nangona kukho ukuguquguquka.
Ukulinganiswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa rhoqo kwezi zixhobo kubalulekile. Ukuba iiyunithi zokuhamba kobunzima bokulinganisa okanye imigangatho yokulinganisa ziyahamba, iinkqubo zolawulo zisenokungachaneki, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kakhulu okanye ekusetyenzisweni ngaphantsi kwedosi. Iindlela zokulinganisa ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nokuhlolwa okunqamlezileyo ngeesampuli ezenziwe ngesandla kukhusela oku kungasebenzi kakuhle. Ngaphezu koko, ukugcina irekhodi yedatha eqhubekayo kuqinisa imizamo yokuhlolwa kweencwadi kunye nokuphucula inkqubo. Ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kolawulo oluvaliweyo, oluxhaswa yidatha yesixhobo ethembekileyo, kubonakalisiwe ukuba kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20% kwaye kuphuculeukubuyiswa kwesinyithiamazinga ngamanqaku eepesenti aliqela, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nokuveliswa kwesinyithi kwiisekethe zokudada.
Iimpawu zokuxilonga ze-Reagent Dosing engafanelekanga
Umlinganiselo we-flotation reagent kufuneka ulinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zihlala zibonelela ngesibonakaliso sokuqala seengxaki zomlinganiselo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomlinganiselo ongaphantsi komlinganiselo ziquka ukuphakama okuphantsi kwekholamu ye-froth, amaqamza amakhulu e-froth aneeminerali ezingasebenzi kakuhle, kunye nesakhiwo se-froth esibuthathaka okanye esingazinzanga kumphezulu weseli. Ukuqwalaselwa kohlalutyo—njengokunciphisa ukutsalwa kobunzima, amanqanaba aphantsi esinyithi, kunye nokuncipha kokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo—kubonisa ukuba kongezwe umqokeleli okanye i-frother enganeleyo.
Ukuthatha idosi egqithisileyo kubonakala ngokwahlukileyo. Ukongezwa kwe-frother egqithisileyo kunokukhokelela kwiileya ezivuvukileyo nezityebileyo ze-froth, amaqamza amancinci, kunye ne-froth ehlala izinzile kakhulu ephazamisa ukususwa kwe-concentrate. Ukuthatha idosi egqithisileyo kwabaqokeleli kunokubangela ukwanda kokufakwa kweeminerali ze-gangue, kunciphisa umgangatho we-concentrate. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwizalathisi eziphambili ezifana nokuphakama kwekholamu ye-froth, ubungakanani beqamza, kunye nokuzinza kwe-flotation kunika ulwazi olusebenzayo. Ii-inline sensors kunyeiimitha zoxinano/ukuxinana, xa kudityaniswe nokuqinisekiswa kwedatha okungqongqo, nceda ukuphawula le micimbi kwangethuba, uvumele abaqhubi ukuba balungise amazinga okulinganisa ngaphambi kokuba ukusebenza kwenkqubo kube nzima.
Isikhokelo Esisebenzayo Somqokeleli Nokongeza I-Frother
Iindlela ezisebenzayo zokulinganisa imithamo yabaqokeleli kunye ne-frothers zixhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwinqanaba kunye nokuguquguquka. Kwimithamo ye-xanthate xa i-flotation, ukusasazwa kumanqanaba aqinileyo nacocekileyo kubalulekile, apho ubuninzi bokuqala buncipha ukuya kwiidosi ezicociweyo neziphantsi. Ukusetyenziswa komqokeleli we-Dithiophosphate kudla ngokuhambelana nee-xanthates, ngokulungiswa ngononophelo ngokweethagethi zeminerali ye-sulfide kunye neempawu ze-ore.
Ukukhethwa kwee-frothers zokumba kufuneka kubonise uyilo lwesekethe kunye nohlobo lwe-ore. Iidosi ze-frother ezithile kwinqanaba elithile zinokulungiswa ukulawula ubungakanani be-bubble kunye nokuzinza kwe-froth, okuxhasa ukubuyiselwa kweeminerali ezikhethiweyo. Ukulungiswa kokwenyani kufuna ukulungiswa kakuhle kwe-reagent blends—kungekhona nje ukulandela iiresiphi ezimiselweyo. Abaqhubi kufuneka bahlalutye rhoqo ukwahluka kokutya kunye neendlela zokubuyisela ukuze balungise amazinga okongeza. Izixhobo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kobunzima obungaphakathi, ezifana nezo zibonelelwa yiLonnmeter, zinokusetyenziswa ukumisela iipropati ezichanekileyo ze-slurry kwinqanaba ngalinye, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-dosing ihambelana ne-throughput kunye nemfuno yenkqubo.
Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent, eyona nto iphambili ekuncitshisweni kweendleko ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa, kuxhomekeke kwezi ndlela zokusebenza zokuphendula kunye nokulungisa. Ukulinganisa okwenziwe kakuhle kuqhuba amazinga aphezulu okubuyiselwa kwesinyithi kwaye kuphucula isivuno se-flotation iyonke ngaphandle kokunyusa iindleko zeekhemikhali, nto leyo enceda uqoqosho lwezityalo kunye nokuzinza.
Ukufezekisa Ukusebenza Kakuhle Kweendleko kunye Nokuphucula Ukubuyiselwa Kwesinyithi
Ukunciphisa Ukusetyenziswa kweReagent ngelixa Ugcina Ukusebenza
Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo i-reagent kubalulekile kulawulo lweendleko kwizityalo zokucubungula izimbiwa. Amaqhinga okulawula ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent agxile ekusebenziseni izixhobo zokulinganisa isantya sokuhamba kobunzima ezizenzekelayo ezifana neemitha zoxinano oluphakathi, ezibonelela ngempendulo ekhawulezayo nethembekileyo kwiimeko zodaka. Ngokudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani be-xanthate, abaqokeleli be-dithiophosphate, kunye nolwelo lokumba olongezwe kwiiyunithi zokuhamba kobunzima ngexesha langempela lokulinganisa, izityalo zinciphisa i-dosing egqithisileyo kunye neekhemikhali ezichithwayo ngelixa zikhusela ukusebenza kokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa isixhobo ukulinganisa isantya sokuhamba kobunzima esidityaniswe nohlalutyo lwenkqubo yexesha langempela kwenza ukuba kulungiswe ngokukhawuleza xa iindlela zedatha zibonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwedosi. Ulawulo oluqinileyo lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ngokubanzi, lunciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kokuthengwa kwee-reagent, kwaye lunciphisa iindleko zokugcina nokuphatha. Amaqonga ohlalutyo agcina idatha yedosi rhoqo anceda abaqhubi ukuba bachonge ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo nokuchithakala okuqhubekayo, evula amathuba ezicwangciso zokunciphisa iindleko zee-reagent kunye nemida yenzuzo ephuculweyo. Olu phuculo oluxhaswa yidatha alugcini nje ngokunciphisa iindleko zee-reagent kodwa lukwanciphisa umthwalo wokusingqongileyo wokukhupha okugqithisileyo.
Ukuphucula Amanqanaba Okuchacha Ngokulawula Umthamo Ochanekileyo
Idosi ye-reagent ephuculweyo xa i-flotation ixhomekeke ekulinganiseni igalelo lekhemikhali ngokuchanekileyo nokuhamba kobunzima be-ore. Ukulinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokulawulwa kweeyunithi zokuhamba kobunzima bokulinganisa kuthintela idosi engaguqukiyo edla ngokubangelwa kukulungiswa ngesandla. Izityalo ezisebenzisa ukujonga okuqhubekayo ngeemitha zoxinano oluphakathi kunye ne-viscosity, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, zondla le datha yexesha langempela kwiinkqubo zokulinganisa, ziqinisekisa ukongezwa kwe-reagent okuzinzileyo nokusebenzayo.
Olu qilima luphumela kwiinzuzo ezilinganisekayo. Umzekelo, kwizilingo apho ukutsalwa kobuninzi obudibeneyo obulawulwayo kuthathe indawo yeendlela ezenziwe ngesandla, izityalo zirekhode amazinga aphezulu okubuyisela umxube ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.5%, kunye nokuncipha okuphawulekayo ekulahlekelweni kwentsalela. Indawo yovavanyo ibike ukusebenza okuphuculweyo ekuphuculeni izinga lokubuyisela isinyithi kwimigodi ngokuvumelanisa idosi yomqokeleli kunye notshintsho olulinganisiweyo ekuhambeni kobunzima be-slurry kunye nokwakheka kwayo—ingakumbi ngexesha lokwahluka kokutya. Uzinzo olunjalo lwenkqubo ngokusebenzisa ukutsalwa rhoqo luguqulela kwisivuno seeminerali esiphezulu nesinokuqikelelwa ngakumbi, sixhasa uqoqosho oluphuculweyo lwezityalo kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza.
Umzekelo wetyala ekuxoxwe ngawo kwiincwadi zakutshanje ubonise ukuba i-xanthate dosing ephuculweyo kwi-flotation, apho impendulo ifunyenwe kwi-mass flow readings, ikhokelele ekunciphiseni kwe-17% ekusetyenzisweni kwe-reagent ngetoni nganye egayiweyo. Kwangaxeshanye, amazinga okubuyisela isinyithi anyukile—okubonisa inzuzo ephindwe kabini yokwenza ngcono idosi ye-reagent kunye namaqhinga okubuyisela isinyithi aphezulu.
Uhlalutyo lwenkqubo oluqhubekayo kunye nezixhobo eziphambili ziqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kokulinganisa i-reagent kunye nokutya kwe-ore luhlala luqinile. Isiphumo sokugqibela lutshintsho olunyathelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweendleko ze-reagent ye-flotation, ukwehla kokuguquguquka kokusebenza, kunye nophuculo oluzinzileyo ekuphuculeni isivuno sesinyithi ngokuflotha.
Izityalo ezifuna ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-reagent ngakumbi zingasebenzisa uhlengahlengiso oluxhaswa yidatha ngexesha lamanqanaba aphantsi okutya okanye i-mineralology eguquliweyo, zigcine imveliso ehambelanayo nokuba kukho ukuguquguquka kokufakwayo. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto iphakathi kweendlela ezicetyiswayo zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-reagent kwimigodi ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ilahleko yokubuyiselwa, ebonisa iingenelo eziqinisekisiweyo zobungakanani kunye noqoqosho kwinqanaba lovavanyo kunye nelezoshishino.
Ubudlelwane Phakathi kobuchwepheshe bokuDosa, ukuBuyiselwa kweMithamo, kunye neNzuzo yeZityalo
Ukwenziwa ngcono kwe-flotation reagent dosing kwizityalo zokucubungula izimbiwa kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwenkqubo, okuchaphazela ukubuyiselwa kunye nenzuzo. Ukuchaneka kokongezwa kwe-reagent—okwenziwe kwaba nokwenzeka ngezixhobo zokulinganisa isantya sokuhamba kobunzima eziphucukileyo ezifana neemitha zoxinano oluphakathi—kudlala indima ephambili kunxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo phakathi kweziphumo zokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koqoqosho.
Umlinganiselo ophuculweyo unxulumene ngokusisiseko nokubuyiselwa kwe-flotation. Umlinganiselo oqhubekayo we-xanthate kwi-flotation kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-dithiophosphate collector kwenza ukuba kunamathele i-bubble-particle eqinileyo kwaye kukhethwe. Xa izityalo zisebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kobunzima obuthembekileyo, zifikelela kulawulo oluqinileyo lwe-reagent input xa kuthelekiswa nokuhamba kwe-slurry okanye i-pulp, zigcina iimeko zeekhemikhali zikwinqanaba lazo elifanelekileyo. Oku kugcina amazinga aphezulu okubuyiselwa kwesinyithi kwaye kuthintela ukuguquguquka okubizayo kwizinga lokugxila. Umzekelo, izifundo zibonise ukuba ukutshintsha ukusuka ekongezweni kwe-reagent ngesandla ukuya kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ezixhaswa yidatha yokuhamba kwexesha langempela kunye noxinano kunokunyusa ukubuyiselwa ngamanqaku eepesenti ezili-1-3 ngelixa kugcinwa iiminerali ze-gangue ezingafunekiyo ngaphandle komjelo wemveliso.
Iingenelo zokusebenza kwezoqoqosho zibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukulinganisa i-reagent ye-Flotation okusekelwe kwiiyunithi zokuhamba kobunzima bexesha langempela kunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-reagent—umngeni ongapheliyo kwiinkqubo ezindala. Njengoko ii-reagents zimele isabelo esikhulu seendleko zokusebenza kwesityalo, ukunciphisa idosi ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza kuvelisa ukonga iindleko kwangoko.
Uzinzo lwenkqubo—lubalulekile kwinzuzo eqhubekayo—luphucuka kakhulu xa uhlengahlengiso lwedosi luqhagamshelwe kwimpendulo eguquguqukayo evela kwizixhobo zokuhamba kobuninzi kunye noxinano. Ezi nkqubo zikhawuleza zibone ukunyuka koxinano, utshintsho loxinano, okanye ukuvaleka, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuba balungise ukuphambuka ngaphambi kokuba kunyuke kube kukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwenkqubo okanye ukulahlekelwa kukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Umlinganiselo we-reagent oqhubekayo uxhasa ukuphumelela okuphezulu ngokunciphisa umngcipheko wemveliso engakhange ichazwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isityalo sisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kufutshane namandla aso oyilo.
Ukukhetha ngobuchule kunye nokwenza ngcono izinto zokwemba, abaqokeleli, kunye nabaguquli kuba lula ngakumbi ngedatha ethembekileyo yokuhamba kobunzima kunye noxinano. Umzekelo, ukuhlanganiswa ngempumelelo kwezixhobo ezikwi-inline akuxhasi nje kuphela ukulungiswa komthamo we-reagent kunye namaqhinga okunciphisa iindleko kodwa kunye neendlela eziphambili zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent kwezemigodi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imveliso yesinyithi.
Amaqhinga okulinganisa acwangcisiweyo, asekelwe kukulinganisa okuchanekileyo ngexesha langempela, adala isiseko esizinzileyo semisebenzi ezinzileyo. Izityalo zifezekisa ukuphuculwa kwesantya sokubuyiselwa kwesinyithi kwimigodi xa ukulinganisa kusabela kwiimfuno zenkqubo yokwenyani—hayi kwizicwangciso zembali zovavanyo kunye neempazamo. Ngenxa yoko, ukulinganiswa kobuninzi obuphuculweyo ngemitha ye-inline density kunye ne-viscosity kaLonnmeter kubonelela ngokuthembeka kwedatha esisiseko ukuze kubekho ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko ze-reagent ye-flotation yexesha elide kunye nokuphucula isivuno sesinyithi ngokutyibilika.
Izifundo eziphononongwe ngoontanga ziqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokubambisana kwetekhnoloji yokulinganisa ngemithamo kunye nobuchule bokulinganisa obuchanekileyo kuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo amaqhinga okufumana amazinga aphezulu okubuyisela isinyithi kunye nokuphuculwa okubonakalayo kwinzuzo yezityalo, okuqinisekisa indima yayo njengeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokucubungula izimbiwa zanamhlanje.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
Yintoni isixhobo sokulinganisa isantya sokuhamba kobunzima, kwaye kutheni sibalulekile ekulinganisweni kwe-flotation reagent dosing?
Isixhobo sokulinganisa isantya sokuhamba kobunzima silinganisa ubungakanani be-reagent okanye i-slurry eziswa kwisityalo sokucubungula izimbiwa. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela, zivumela ulawulo oluzenzekelayo lwe-flotation reagent dosing. Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo nangokuqhubekayo kubalulekile kwi-xanthate dosing esebenzayo kwi-flotation, ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-dithiophosphate collector, kunye nokukhethwa kwe-frothers yokumba okuphuculweyo. Oku kuchanekileyo kwandisa amazinga okubuyisa isinyithi kwaye kugcina iindleko ze-reagent kunye nokusebenza zilawulwa. Xa i-dosing iphambuka, nokuba kuqokelelwa okungonelanga okanye i-frothing engaphezulu inokwenzeka, nto leyo eyonakalisa ukubuyiselwa kunye nokuzinza kwesekethe. Ukubeka iliso ngokuhamba kobunzima ngokuzenzekelayo kugcina ukulungiswa kwedosi ye-reagent, kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuphuculwa kwesantya sokubuyisa isinyithi kwimigodi.
Zeziphi iiyunithi zokulinganisa ukuhamba kobunzima ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizityalo zokucubungula izimbiwa?
Iiyunithi zokulinganisa ubunzima obuqhelekileyo ziquka iikhilogram ngeyure (kg/h), iitoni ngeyure (t/h), kunye neegram ngomzuzwana (g/s). Iyunithi ekhethiweyo ixhomekeke kwisantya sokuhanjiswa kwe-reagent kunye nomlinganiselo wesityalo. Umzekelo, abaqokeleli abakhulu abafana ne-xanthate bafakwa kwiindidi ze-kg/h kwi-base metals flotation, ngelixa ii-fothers zemigodi ekhethekileyo zinokunikezelwa kwi-g/s apho kufuneka isisombululo esicothayo. Iiyunithi zokulinganisa ezifanayo kuzo zonke ii-dosing skids ziqinisekisa ukuhambelana kokulandelela ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent kwaye zinceda abaqhubi ukuba bathelekise ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-flotation reagents ezahlukeneyo.
Ukhetha njani isixhobo esithembekileyo sokulinganisa isantya sokuhamba kobunzima bomthamo we-reagent yokudada?
Ukukhethwa kwesixhobo esifanelekileyo sokulinganisa isantya sokuhamba kobunzima kuxhomekeke kwiikhrayitheriya ezininzi zenkqubo. Kwi-reagents zamanzi, eziphantsi ukuya kweziphakathi ze-viscosity, ii-electromagnetic flow meter zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Zilinganisa ngokuthembekileyo ukuhamba kwimigca ephatha ulwelo olubolayo nolugcwele ulwelo kwaye zidityaniswa ngokulula neenkqubo zolawulo ukuze zilungelelaniswe ngokuzenzekelayo. Ii-Coriolis flow meter zithandwa ngenxa yokuchaneka kwazo okuphezulu kokulinganisa kuzo zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-liquid viscosities kunye noxinano, zilinganisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuhamba kobunzima. Oku kuzenza zifaneleke kakuhle kwii-reagents ezinexabiso eliphezulu okanye ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, zifuna utyalo-mali oluphezulu kunye nokugcinwa. Ii-positive displacement meter zigqwesile ngee-reagents ezikhethekileyo, ezibonelela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kwizinga lokuhamba eliphantsi. Ukukhetha kufuneka kuqwalasele ukuhambelana neendlela zokucoca, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokulinganisa ezineemfuno zokucoca kwindawo okanye utshintsho lwe-reagent rhoqo. Izixhobo kufuneka zomelele ukujongana nokwakheka kwesikali, ukugqwala, kunye nemijikelo yokugcinwa rhoqo exhaphakileyo kwisityalo sokucubungula izimbiwa.
Kutheni ukuzenzekelayo kwe-flotation reagent dosing kubalulekile kwizityalo zanamhlanje zokucubungula izimbiwa?
Ukuziqhelanisa nokulinganisa i-reagent ye-flotation kufezekisa ukongezwa okuchanekileyo nokuchanekileyo kwabaqokeleli kunye nama-frothers ukuphendula kwimpendulo yenkqubo yexesha langempela. Amanqanaba okutya aguqukayo okanye utshintsho kwiimpawu ze-slurry zihlawulelwa ngokukhawuleza, ziphucula zombini uzinzo lwenkqubo kunye namazinga okubuyisela. Amaqonga okulinganisa azenzekelayo, esebenzisa ulwazi lwexesha langempela oluvela kwizixhobo zokulinganisa ukuhamba, anciphisa ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-reagent kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi—izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezinegalelo ekungasebenzi kakuhle. Olu tshintsho lususa iimpazamo zomntu ezifumaneka ekulinganisweni ngesandla kwaye lulungelelanisa ukuhanjiswa kweekhemikhali kunye nokutshintsha kwe-mineralogy, lunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ngelixa luphucula amazinga okubuyisela isinyithi ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa. Izifundo zetyala eziphononongwe ngontanga zibonisa ukuba ukudibanisa ukujonga ukuhamba okuphambili kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwe-reagent ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10% kwaye kubonelela ngokunyuka okulinganiselweyo kwisivuno esixineneyo.
Ngawaphi amaqhinga anceda ekunciphiseni iindleko ze-reagent ngaphandle kokuncama amazinga aphezulu okubuyiselwa kwesinyithi?
Ukubeka iliso rhoqo ngokuhamba kobunzima, kudityaniswe nokuzisebenzela okuvalayo, kuqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye nganye yeslurry ifumana isixa esichanekileyo kunye nomxube wee-reagents. Ukulinganisa ngokwenqanaba, apho ii-reagents zongezwa kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokudada endaweni yokuba zonke ngaxeshanye, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye kuphendula kwiimfuno eziguqukayo kuyo yonke isekethe. Ukuxuba abaqokeleli, umzekelo, ukutshintsha i-xanthate kunye ne-dithiophosphate, kuvumela ukujoliswa kweeminerali ezithile ngendlela engabizi kakhulu kwaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali iyonke. Ukulinganiswa rhoqo kwezixhobo zokulinganisa kukhusela ukuthembeka kokulinganisa kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba iindlela zokulinganisa zihlala zihambelana neemeko zenkqubo. Zizonke, ezi ndlela zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-reagent kwimigodi zibonelela ngophuculo oluhambelanayo lwemveliso yesinyithi kunye namaqhinga okunciphisa iindleko ze-reagent ebonakalayo, njengoko kuqinisekiswe luphando lwezemfundo kunye neengxelo zoshishino.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-25-2025
