UkudadakwiNzuzo
Ukutyibilika kwesinyithi kwandisa ixabiso leentsimbi ngokwahlula ngobuchule iiminerali ezixabisekileyo kwiiminerali ze-gangue ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa ngokusebenzisa umahluko wendalo kunye nowekhemikhali. Nokuba kusetyenzwa ngeentsimbi ezingeyontsimbi, iintsimbi zesinyithi, okanye iiminerali ezingezizo zesinyithi, ukutyibilika kwesinyithi kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ngezinto eziluhlaza ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
1. Iindlela zokudada
(1) Ukudada ngokuthe ngqo
Ukutyibilika ngqo kubhekisa ekuhluzeni iiminerali ezixabisekileyo ezivela kwi-slurry ngokuzivumela ukuba zinamathele kwiibhamuza zomoya kwaye zintante phezu komhlaba, ngelixa iiminerali ze-gangue zihlala kwi-slurry. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu ekuzuzeni iintsimbi ezingezizo i-ferrous. Umzekelo, ukucutshungulwa kwe-ore kufikelela kwinqanaba lokutyibilika emva kokutyunyuzwa nokugaywa kwi-copper ore processing, apho abaqokeleli abathile be-anionic bangeniswa ukutshintsha i-hydrophobicity kwaye bazishiye zifunxe phezu kweeminerali zobhedu. Emva koko amasuntswana obhedu angena-hydrophobic anamathela kwiibhamuza zomoya aze anyuke, enze umaleko we-froth equlethe i-copper etyebileyo. Le froth iqokelelwa kuxinzelelo lokuqala lweeminerali zobhedu, ezisebenza njengezinto eziluhlaza eziphezulu zokuphucula ngakumbi.
(2) Ukudada okuBuyayo
Ukujika okungasemva kubandakanya ukudada kwiiminerali ze-gangue ngelixa iiminerali ezixabisekileyo zihlala kwi-slurry. Umzekelo, ekucubungulweni kwe-iron ore kunye nokungcola kwe-quartz, ii-anionic okanye ii-cationic collectors zisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha imeko-bume yeekhemikhali ye-slurry. Oku kutshintsha indlela i-quartz ethanda ngayo i-hydrophilic ibe yi-hydrophobic, okuvumela ukuba inamathele kwiibhamuza zomoya kwaye idada.
(3) Ukutyibilika Okukhethekileyo
Xa i-ore ineenxalenye ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezixabisekileyo, i-flotation ekhethekileyo iyazahlula ngokulandelelana ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nomsebenzi wezimbiwa kunye nexabiso lezoqoqosho. Le nkqubo ye-flotation inyathelo ngenyathelo iqinisekisa ukuba i-mineral nganye exabisekileyo ifunyanwa ngobunyulu obuphezulu kunye namazinga okubuyiselwa, okwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
(4) Ukudada Okukhulu
Ukuqubha ngobuninzi kuphatha iiminerali ezininzi ezixabisekileyo xa zizonke, kuzintanta kunye ukuze kufunyanwe ingxubevange exutyiweyo, kulandele ukwahlukana okulandelayo. Umzekelo, kwi-copper-nickel ore beneficiation, apho iiminerali ze-copper kunye ne-nickel zidibene ngokusondeleyo, ukuqubha ngobuninzi kusetyenziswa ii-reagents ezifana nee-xanthates okanye ii-thiols kuvumela ukuqubha ngaxeshanye kweeminerali ze-sulfide copper kunye ne-nickel, zenze ingxubevange exutyiweyo. Iinkqubo ezilandelayo zokwahlula ezintsonkothileyo, ezifana nokusebenzisa ii-reagents ze-lime kunye ne-cyanide, zihlukanisa i-copper kunye ne-nickel concentrates ezicocekileyo kakhulu. Le ndlela "yokuqokelela kuqala, eyahlukileyo-kamva" inciphisa ukulahleka kweeminerali ezixabisekileyo kwizigaba zokuqala kwaye iphucula kakhulu amazinga okubuyisela ngokubanzi kwii-ores ezintsonkothileyo.
2. Iinkqubo zokudada: Ukuchaneka kweNyathelo ngeNyathelo
(1) Inkqubo yokuQokelela kwiSigaba: Ukucoca ngokuNyukayo
Kwi-flotation, i-stage flotation ikhokela ukucutshungulwa kwee-ore ezintsonkothileyo ngokwahlula inkqubo ye-flotation ibe ngamanqanaba amaninzi.
Umzekelo, kwinkqubo yokuqubha enamanqanaba amabini, i-ore iyagaywa ngokurhabaxa, ikhulule kancinci iiminerali ezixabisekileyo. Inqanaba lokuqala lokuqubha libuyisela ezi minerali zikhululekileyo njengezinto zokuqala ezixutyiweyo. Amasuntswana aseleyo angakhululwanga aqhubekela kwinqanaba lesibini lokuqubha ukuze kuncitshiswe ubungakanani, kulandele inqanaba lesibini lokuqubha. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iiminerali ezixabisekileyo eziseleyo zahlulwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zidityaniswe nezixutyiweyo zenqanaba lokuqala. Le ndlela ithintela ukugaywa kakhulu kwinqanaba lokuqala, inciphisa inkunkuma yezixhobo, kwaye iphucula ukuchaneka kokuqubha.
Kwi-ore ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi, ezifana nezo ziqulethe iintsimbi ezininzi ezinqabileyo ezinezakhiwo zekristale ezibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo, inkqubo yokuqubha enamanqanaba amathathu ingasetyenziswa. Amanyathelo okugaya kunye nokuqubha atshintshanayo avumela ukuphononongwa ngononophelo kwaye aqinisekise ukuba iminerali nganye exabisekileyo ikhutshwa ngobunyulu obukhulu kunye nesantya sokubuyisela, ibeka isiseko esomeleleyo sokuqhubekeka nokucutshungulwa.
3. Izinto ezibalulekileyo kwi-Flotation
(1) Ixabiso le-pH: Ibhalansi efihlakeleyo ye-asidi ye-slurry
Ixabiso le-pH ye-slurry lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekujikelezeni kwamanzi, lichaphazela kakhulu iipropati zomphezulu weminerali kunye nokusebenza kwe-reagent. Xa i-pH ingaphezulu kwenqaku le-isoelectric leminerali, umphezulu uba ne-negative charge; ngaphantsi kwayo, umphezulu utshajwa kakuhle. Olu tshintsho kwi-surface charge lulawula ukusebenzisana kwe-adsorption phakathi kweeminerali kunye nee-reagents, njengokutsala okanye ukugxothwa kweemagnethi.
Umzekelo, phantsi kweemeko ze-asidi, iiminerali ze-sulfide ziyazuza kumsebenzi ophuculweyo wokuqokelela, okwenza kube lula ukubamba iiminerali ze-sulfide ekujoliswe kuzo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iimeko ze-alkaline zenza kube lula ukuntywila kweeminerali ze-oxide ngokuguqula iipropati zazo zomphezulu ukuze kuphuculwe i-reagent affinity.
Iiminerali ezahlukeneyo zifuna amanqanaba athile e-pH ukuze zijikeleze, nto leyo edinga ulawulo oluchanekileyo. Umzekelo, xa kujikeleziswa i-quartz kunye nemixube ye-calcite, i-quartz inokujikeleziswa ngokukhethekileyo ngokulungelelanisa i-slurry pH ukuya kwi-2-3 kunye nokusebenzisa ii-amine-based collectors. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-calcite flotation iyathandwa kwiimeko ze-alkaline kunye nee-fatty acid-based collectors. Olu hlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo lwe-pH lubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukwahlukana kweeminerali okusebenzayo.
(2) Inkqubo yeReagent
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-reagent ilawula inkqubo yokudada, iquka ukukhethwa, idosi, ukulungiswa, kunye nokongezwa kwee-reagents. Ii-reagents zinamathela ngokukhetha kwiindawo zeeminerali ekujoliswe kuzo, nto leyo etshintsha ukungakwazi kwazo ukusebenzisa i-hydrophobicity.
Ii-Frothers ziqinisa amaqamza kwi-slurry kwaye zenze kube lula ukudada kwamaqhekeza angangenisi manzi. Ii-frothers eziqhelekileyo ziquka ioyile yephayini kunye neoyile ye-cresol, ezenza amaqamza azinzileyo, anobukhulu obuhle bokunamathela kwamaqhekeza.
Iimodifiers zivuselela okanye zithintele iipropati zomphezulu weeminerali kwaye zilungisa iimeko zeekhemikhali okanye ze-electrochemical ze-slurry.
Umthamo we-reagent ufuna ukuchaneka—ubungakanani obungonelanga bunciphisa ukungonwabi kwamanzi, bunciphisa amazinga okubuyisela, ngelixa ubuninzi be-reagents zenkunkuma bunyusa iindleko, kwaye bubeka emngciphekweni umgangatho. Izixhobo ezikrelekrele ezifanaimitha yoxinaniso kwi-intanethiingakwazi ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo iidosi ze-reagent.
Ixesha kunye nendlela yokongeza i-reagent nazo zibalulekile. Izilungisi, izinto zokudambisa uxinzelelo, kunye nabanye abaqokeleli badla ngokudityaniswa ngexesha lokusila ukuze kulungiswe imeko-bume yekhemikhali ye-slurry kwangethuba. Abaqokeleli kunye nama-frothers adla ngokufakwa kwi-flotation tank yokuqala ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwawo ngamaxesha abalulekileyo.
(3) Izinga lomoya
Izinga lomoya lidala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokunamathelana kweeminerali namaqamza, nto leyo eyenza kube yinto ebalulekileyo ekujikelezeni. Ukungena komoya okwaneleyo kubangela ukuba kubekho amaqamza ambalwa kakhulu, nto leyo enciphisa amathuba okungqubana kunye nokunamathela, ngaloo ndlela iphazamisa ukusebenza kokungqubana. Ukungena komoya ngokugqithisileyo kukhokelela ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu, okubangela ukuba amaqamza aqhekeke kwaye akhuphe amasuntswana anamatheleyo, nto leyo enciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Iinjineli zisebenzisa iindlela ezifana nokuqokelelwa kwegesi okanye ukulinganisa ukuhamba komoya okusekelwe kwi-anemometer ukuze kulungiswe amazinga omoya. Kwiisuntswana ezirhabaxa, ukwandisa umoya ukuze kuveliswe amaqamza amakhulu kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokudada. Kwiisuntswana ezithambileyo okanye ezidada lula, ukulungiswa ngononophelo kuqinisekisa ukudada okuzinzileyo nokusebenzayo.
(4) Ixesha lokudada
Ixesha lokudada lilungelelaniso olubuthathaka phakathi komgangatho wokugxila kunye nesantya sokubuyisela, olufuna ukulinganiswa okuchanekileyo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, iiminerali ezixabisekileyo zinamathela ngokukhawuleza kumaqamza, nto leyo ekhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu okubuyisela kunye namanqanaba okugxila.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, njengoko iiminerali ezixabisekileyo zidada, iiminerali ze-gangue nazo zinokunyuka, zinciphise ubumsulwa be-concentrate. Kwii-ore ezilula ezineeminerali eziqinileyo nezidada ngokulula, amaxesha amafutshane okudada anele, ukuqinisekisa amazinga aphezulu okubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo ngaphandle kokunciphisa umgangatho we-concentrate. Kwii-ore ezintsonkothileyo okanye ezichaseneyo, amaxesha amade okudada ayimfuneko ukuvumela iiminerali ezicolekileyo ixesha elaneleyo lokusebenzisana nee-reagents kunye namaqamza. Uhlengahlengiso olunamandla lwexesha lokudada luphawu lobuchwepheshe be-flotation obuchanekileyo nobusebenzayo.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-22-2025
