I-drilling fluid rheology ibalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekukhuselekeni kweenkqubo zomdaka wokomba osekelwe kwioyile (OBM). I-Rheology ichaza indlela umdaka ohamba ngayo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, nto leyo echaphazela inqanaba ngalinye lokumba umdaka osekelwe kwioyile. Ukugcina i-fluid rheology efanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okusebenzayo, ulawulo loxinzelelo lomda, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi yomda.
Iingozi zoLawulo olungafanelekanga lwe-Rheological
Ukusilela ukujonga nokulungisa i-rheology yodaka olusekelwe kwioyile kwandisa kakhulu iingozi zokusebenza:
- Ukungazinzi kweWellbore:Ukungaqini kakuhle kunye nendawo yokukhupha amanzi kunokubangela ukuba izinto eziqinileyo zingaxinani kakuhle, nto leyo enokubangela ukugoba, ukuqhekeka, okanye ukudilika kweendonga zemingxuma yamanzi.
- Umbhobho Onamatheleyo:Ukuba amandla ejeli aphantsi kakhulu, iziqwenga ziyahlala, nto leyo eyandisa amathuba okunamathela okanye ukupakisha. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amandla ejeli aphezulu kakhulu okanye ukuqaqamba kweplastiki kuphakamisa uxinzelelo lwepompo kwaye kunokuthintela intshukumo yepayipi, nto leyo enegalelo nakwiziganeko zokunamathela kwepayipi.
- Ukulahleka Kokujikeleza Kwegazi:Ukungalingani kakuhle kwemithambo-luvo, ingakumbi kwi-ECD ephezulu, kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni ludaka ekuqhekekeni kokwakheka. Oku kubiza kakhulu, kuphazamisa inkqubela yokumba, kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wezinye iingxaki ezifana neziganeko zokulawula imisele.
- Ufundo oluNgachanekanga lweDownhole:Utshintsho olungachazwanga kwi-rheology—oludla ngokuvela kukuguquguquka kobushushu okanye ukusebenzisana okungalindelekanga neefomyula—luvelisa ukubalwa okungachanekanga kwe-ECD kunye nobunzima bodaka, nto leyo enokubangela iingozi zokusebenza.
Ulawulo olusebenzayo phezuulwelo lokubholai-rheology esebenzisa uhlalutyo oluqinileyo kunye nempendulo ye-sensor eqhubekayo ngoku iyindlela engcono yokubhola i-OBM, ukunciphisa ixesha elingasebenziyo, ukunciphisa amazinga eziganeko, kunye nokuxhasa ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yodaka olusekelwe kwioyile.
Udaka Lokugrumba Olusekelwe Kwioyile
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Inkqubela phambili ekuJongweni kweXesha langempela kwePropati zoLwakhiwo lokuGrumba oluSetyenziswe kwiOyile
Imida yoVavanyo lwePropati yodaka lweMveli
Isekelwe kwioyile yesintuuvavanyo lodaka lokubholaIxhomekeke kakhulu kwisampuli eyenziwe ngesandla kunye novavanyo lwelebhu, oluhlala lwenziwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Olu vavanyo lwexesha elifutshane lusemva kotshintsho lwexesha langempela kwiimeko zolwelo, lungaphumeleli ukubamba utshintsho oluguquguqukayo olubangelwa bubushushu obungaphantsi komngxuma, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza. Umzekelo, imilinganiselo ye-rheological esekelwe kwilebhu isenokungabandakanyi ukungqubana komda okuphezulu okubonwa kulwelo lokubhola olusekelwe kwioyile ngexesha lokudibana kwedayimani nelitye, nto leyo ephikisa iingcamango eziqhelekileyo malunga nokuthambisa kwendalo yonke.
Iindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu (HPHT) zityhila ngakumbi le mida. Iinkqubo zokumba udaka ezisekelwe kwioyile zibeka emngciphekweni ukugcwala kolwelo kunye nokulahlekelwa lulawulo lwe-rheological phantsi kweemeko ze-HPHT—ubuthathaka obungenakuxelwa kwangaphambili okanye ukuncitshiswa kwesampuli emileyo. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nolwelo lokumba oluphuculweyo lwe-nanoparticle zibonisa ithemba lokuphucula uzinzo, kodwa iingenelo zazo zinokufunyanwa ngokupheleleyo kuphela ngovavanyo lwepropathi olukhawulezileyo okanye oluqhubekayo.
Ukuhlolwa kodaka ngesandla kukwazisa iimpazamo zabantu kunye nokulibaziseka, okunokuthintela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezibalulekileyo ngexesha langempela, okubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko kwimisebenzi enzima.
Iingenelo zokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kwiimfuno zokubhola zanamhlanje
Uhlalutyo lwepropathi yodaka lwexesha langempela luguqula ukucutshungulwa kodaka olusekelwe kwioyile ngokubonelela ngemilinganiselo eqhubekayo nezenzekelayo njengoko ulwelo lujikeleza. Amaqonga okubeka esweni ngokuzenzekelayo asebenzisa izinzwa ezidityanisiweyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha, okuvumela impendulo ekhawulezileyo yokulungiswa kwenkqubo—inzuzo ecacileyo ngaphezu kokubambezeleka kunye nokungaqiniseki kokuthatha iisampulu ngesandla.
Iingenelo eziphambili ziquka:
Ukuthintela Izehlo kunye noKhuseleko lokuDownholeUkubeka iliso rhoqo kwi-fluid dynamics kufumanisa iimpawu zesilumkiso kwangethuba zeziganeko ezifana nokuwa kwe-barite okanye ukungazinzi kolwelo, okubalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko lwe-downhole kwimisebenzi yokugrumba.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokubhola: Ingxelo yexesha langempela iphucula iindlela zokulawula i-rheology yodaka, ixhasa isantya esifanelekileyo sokukhubeka kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo. Olu hlobo lokuphendula luvumela abaqhubi ukuba baphucule ukusebenza kolwelo lokubhola, banciphise ixesha elithe tyaba, kwaye baphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokubhola.
Uhlalutyo oluQikelelweyoIinkqubo eziphambili zidibanisa ukulinganisa ngexesha langempela nokufunda koomatshini ukuze kulindelwe iingxaki zokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba zikhule, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ixesha elingacwangciswanga elingasebenziyo kunye nomngcipheko wokusingqongileyo.
Ukhuseleko lweNdalo: Ukubeka esweni rhoqo kwenza ukuba kubekho ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza xa kukho ukulahleka okanye ukukhutshwa kolwelo, okuhambelana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokuthobela indalo.
Umzekelo, ukuthunyelwa kwee-viscometers ezikwimigca ethe tye kunye nee-automated density sensors kwimigodi yamanzi anzulu kukhokelele ekuphuculweni okulinganiselweyo kwinqanaba lokungena kunye nokuthembeka kwe-wellbore iyonke. Iimodeli zokuqikelela, ezixhaswa yile datha, ziphucula ngakumbi ulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-downhole kwaye zivumela uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo noluguquguqukayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili zokulinganisa kwi-intanethi: ubunzulu, uxinano, ubushushu
Ukuqaqamba
Ukulinganisa i-viscosity ngexesha langempela sisiseko se-rheology efanelekileyo yolwelo lokubhola, uzinzo lwe-wellbore, kunye nokuthambisa i-drillstring.Ii-viscometers ezishukumayo ezikwi-inline, efakwe kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yodaka olusekelwe kwioyile, iqhubeka nokulandelela i-viscosity kwaye ivumela uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo ukugcina iiprofayili ezijoliswe kuzo. Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo unokuchatshazelwa kukungcangcazela kwepayipi kunye nokushukuma kwepompo; ukucutshungulwa kwesignali okuphambili (umz., ukubola kwemo ye-empirical) ngoku kusetyenziselwa ukwahlula ingxolo kwidatha yokwenyani ye-viscosity yolwelo. Usetyenziso ekubuyiseleni ubushushu lugxininisa ngakumbi ixabiso lolawulo lwe-viscosity oluqinileyo, oluchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kokubuyisela.
Uxinano
Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kuxinano lodaka kubalulekile kwi-downholeulawulo loxinzelelokunye nolawulo lomthombo. Isixhobo esifana nemitha yoxinano olungaphakathi sibonelela ngokufundwa koxinano olungayekiyo, sixhasa ukulungiswa kwe-hydraulic kunye nokuchongwa kwangoko kokungalingani koxinano lolwelo. Ezi zixhobo ezizenzekelayo zinciphisa iimpazamo zokulinganisa ngesandla, ziphucula ukhuseleko, kwaye zinegalelo ekuphuculweni kwenkqubo yodaka olusekwe kwioyile.
Ubushushu
Ukufundwa kobushushu bodaka ngokuchanekileyo, okuqokelelweiqinisekisiwetempixeshaumthethoabathumeli, inefuthe kwi-fluid dynamics, ukuziphatha kwe-rheological, kunye nokusebenzisana kweekhemikhali ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Ukubeka iliso kubushushu ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ukuze kulungiswe ngokufanelekileyo izongezo zolwelo lokumba ioyile kunye nokulawula uzinzo lwe-wellbore, ngakumbi kwimithombo ye-HPHT. Idatha echanekileyo yobushushu ikwaxhasa ukusasazwa kunye novavanyo lokusebenza kwezongezo zolwelo lokumba eziphuculweyo zodaka olusekwe kwioyile phantsi kweenkqubo zobushushu eziguquguqukayo.
Ezi teknoloji zizonke ziqhubela phambili ukujonga udaka ngexesha langempela ukusuka kwindlela yokusabela ukuya kwindlela yokusabela—exhasa ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lokusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ekugrumbeni okusekelwe kwioyile yanamhlanje.
IiViscometers eziNxibelelanayo ezikwi-Inline: Itekhnoloji esebenzayo
Imigaqo Yokusebenza KweeViscometer Ezishukumayo Ezikwi-In-Line kwi-Oil-Based Mud
Ii-viscometers ezishukumayo ezikwimigca zimisela i-viscometer ngokubona utshintsho kwi-element eshukumayo—eqhele ukuba yi-rod—entywiliselwa ngqo kulwelo lokugrumba olusekelwe kwi-oyile. Njengoko i-sensor ye-viscometer ingcangcazela kwi-frequency emiselweyo, ukumelana ne-viscous kolwelo kuyawuthomalalisa ungcangcazelo. Esi siphumo sokudambisa sitshintsha zombini ubukhulu kunye ne-frequency yokungcangcazela, kunye nobukhulu botshintsho oluhambelana ngqo ne-viscometer yolwelo. Kwi-oyile-based udaka ukugrumba, ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ukumelana neemeko ezinzima, zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye neemeko zobushushu obuphezulu. Uyilo lwanamhlanje lulinganisa ngokuguquguqukayo, luhlawulela i-rheology engeyiyo i-Newtonian eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zodaka lokugrumba olusekelwe kwi-oyile, okuvumela ukujonga udaka ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha langempela le-viscority ebonakalayo, yeplastiki, kunye ne-dynamic kuwo onke amazinga aguquguqukayo okucheba. Oku kuxhasa ukujonga ngexesha langempela iipropati zolwelo oluphambili ezibalulekileyo kulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-downhole kwaye kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi ye-downhole ngokubonelela ngohlalutyo olukhawulezileyo lweendlela zokulawula i-mud rheology.
Ukuthelekisa nezinye iindlela zokulinganisa i-Inline kunye ne-Offline Viscosity Methods
Ii-viscometers ezishukumayo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezikhethekileyo kuneendlela zemveli ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kunye neendlela ezizezinye ezingaphakathi emgceni zokujonga i-rheology yolwelo lokubhola:
- IiViscometers ezijikelezayo:Izixhobo ezijikelezayo ezisekwe kwilebhu okanye eziphathwayo zilinganisa i-viscosity nge-torque efunekayo ukuze kujikeleziswe i-spindle kulwelo. Nangona ziqhelekile ekucutshungulweni kodaka olusekwe kwioyile, ezi zizisa iziphumo ezilibazisekileyo, zifuna iisampulu ngesandla, kwaye ziphantsi kwempazamo yomsebenzisi, nto leyo ethintela uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo ngoko nangoko.
- Ii-Ultrasonic Viscometers:Thembela kutshintsho lokusasazeka kwamaza e-acoustic ukuze uqikelele i-viscosity, kodwa ungalahlekelwa bubuntununtunu xa uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nomxholo wamaqhekeza aqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zodaka olusekelwe kwioyile.
- IiViscometer zePipe (Capillary):Iinkqubo ezisekwe kwi-flow-based inline zinokubonelela ngengcaciso yexesha langempela kodwa zihlala zingomelelanga xa kukho izinto eziqinileyo, kwaye zisenokungaphenduli ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko zokuhamba ezitshintshayo.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-viscometers ezishukumayo ezikwi-intanethi zibonelela ngokulinganisa okuqhubekayo, okuzenzekelayo ngqo kumjelo wenkqubo. Uvakalelo lwazo oluphezulu kunye nesantya sokusabela zenza kube lula ukubona ngokukhawuleza ukuguquguquka kwe-viscosity, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubhola kunye nokwenza kube lula ukwenza inkqubo yodaka olusekwe kwioyile ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imisebenzi. Ezi mpawu zenza ii-viscometers ezishukumayo zifaneleke kakhulu kwiindawo zokubhola ezifuna ukubhola apho ukugcina amandla olwelo olufanelekileyo kuyimfuneko kuzo zombini iindlela zokusebenza kakuhle kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko lomgodi ekubholeni.
Iindawo zoFakelo ezibalulekileyokwiinkqubo zodaka ezisekelwe kwioyile
Ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kwee-viscometers ezishukumayo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokujikeleza kolwelo lokubhola kubalulekile ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kolwelo lokubhola kwaye kuvumele uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo nolwexesha langempela lwepropathi yodaka.
Iinketho zokubeka izinto ezibalulekileyo:
- Kwimigca yeNkqubo yoKujikelezisa:Ukufaka i-viscometer kwi-recirculation loop ephambili okanye kwimigca ye-bypass kuvumela ukujongwa kodaka njengoko lujikeleziswa ngokukhutheleyo. Ukubeka ii-sensors ngezantsi nje kweetanki zodaka okanye emva kweendawo zokuxuba kunika ingxelo ngokukhawuleza malunga nempembelelo yezongezo zolwelo lokubhola, okuxhasa ukulungiswa kwenkqubo ngokukhawuleza.
- Kwiitanki zokugcina udaka okanye zokuhombisa:Olu kubekwa lubonelela ngembono epheleleyo yeempawu zodaka ngaphambi nasemva kokulungiswa kwakhona kodwa lunokulibazisa ukuqatshelwa kotshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwenkqubo oluvelayo xa ulwelo lungena kwinkqubo esebenzayo.
- Iindawo Zokufaka Inaliti Ezikufutshane:Ukubeka kufutshane neendawo zokungena zepompo okanye ngaphambi kokuba udaka lungene emngxunyeni womthombo kuqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwedatha kwiimeko zomngxunya ongaphantsi komhlaba, okubalulekileyo ekugcineni ukubekwa esweni kwamandla olwelo kwimisebenzi yokugrumba kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko lomngxunya ongaphantsi komhlaba.
Ukukhusela Esi Sixhobo Kwizinto Eziqinileyo Nezingcolisi:
Udaka lokugrumba olusekelwe kwioyile luthwala izinto eziqinileyo ezifana nee-weighting agents kunye neziqwenga ezigrunjiweyo, ezinokuthi ziphazamise ukuchaneka kwe-sensor kunye nobude bexesha. Amaqhinga okukhusela asebenzayo aquka:
- Ukuhluza Okuphezulu:Ukufaka izikrini okanye izinto zokucoca ngaphambi kokuba i-viscometer ithintele izinto ezinkulu eziqinileyo ekunxibelelaneni ne-sensor ebukhali.
- Ufakelo lweLoop ye-Bypass:Ukuhambisa udaka ecaleni kwendlela ehluziweyo kuqinisekisa ukuba iisampulu ziyafana kodwa azirhawuzeki kangako, nto leyo eyandisa ubomi besixhobo.
- Iimpawu zokuzicoca ngeSensor:Ezinye ii-viscometers ezishukumayo ziquka ukuhlanjwa ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ukucoca kwindawo ethile ukuthintela ukwakheka.
- Ukubeka esweni okuzenzakalelayo nokungafunekiyo:Ukuhlanganiswa neekhawuntara zeentwana okanye ukuxilongwa kwemeko kwenza kube lula ukubonwa kongcoliseko kwangethuba, ukukhusela izixhobo kunye nokunciphisa ixesha elingasebenziyo.
La manyathelo okulungelelanisa, xa edityaniswe nokubekwa kwesensor okufanelekileyo, anceda ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqinileyo kwe-inline viscometry ngaphakathi kwimeko eguquguqukayo yokubhola udaka olusekelwe kwioyile, ekugqibeleni kuphucula ukusebenza kwezongezo zolwelo lokubhola kunye nokuxhasa ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yodaka olusekelwe kwioyile oluqhutywa yidatha.
Isishwankathelo senkqubo yokujikeleza kolwelo lokugrumba kwiqula leoyile.
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Ukudibanisa ii-Inline Viscosity kunye ne-Density Sensors kwiinkqubo zokujikeleza kodaka
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lodaka lokubhola olusekelwe kwioyile luxhomekeke ekubekweni esweni ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha langempela kokuxinana kunye noxinano. Ukudibanisa izinzwa ezingaphakathi kwezi mpawu ngaphakathi kwezangqa zokujikeleza kodaka kuguqula indlela abaqhubi abalawula ngayo i-rheology yolwelo lokubhola kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kolwelo lokubhola.
Uyilo lweNkqubo yoFakelo lweeSensors
Iinkqubo zodaka ezisekelwe kwioyile eziqhelekileyo zijikeleza ulwelo oluvela kwiitanki ezingaphezulu komhlaba, ngeempompo, ngentambo yokubhola, kwaye zibuyisele i-wellbore kwizixhobo zokwahlula umphezulu. Ii-viscometers ezijikelezayo kunye neemitha zoxinano zinokufakwa kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezahlukeneyo:
- Itanki emva kokuxubaUfakelo luqinisekisa ukuba imilinganiselo ibonisa ulwakhiwo olutsha oluxutyiweyo, lubamba impembelelo yezongezo zolwelo lokumba ioyile ezintsha okanye utshintsho kumxholo wezinto eziqinileyo.
- Ukubekwa komgca wokufunxa (ngaphambi kokumpompa udaka)Kuyacetyiswa kakhulu, njengoko le ndawo ithatha iisampulu zolwelo oluya emngxunyeni ongaphantsi, inika idatha efanelekileyo yokusebenza. Ikwathintela impembelelo yezixhobo zokususa igesi kunye nokwahlula izinto eziqinileyo, ezinokuphazamisa imilinganiselo.
- Imigca yokuhamba kokubuyaingasetyenziselwa ukujonga ulwelo olubuya emngxunyeni, inika i-feedback loop malunga nokusebenzisana kolwelo emngxunyeni kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-cuttings.
Ukufakela okusebenzayo kubandakanya ukusebenzisa ii-housings ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ezimelana neekhemikhali kwiisensa, ezineentambo eziqinileyo kunye ne-interfaces zedatha ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko ze-oyile. Iipakethe zesensa eziziimodyuli zinokunceda ekususweni nasekugcinweni ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni rhoqo.
Ukuvumelanisa idatha evela kwiViscometers kunye neeMeter zobuninzi
Ukubeka iliso lodaka ngexesha langempela akuxhomekanga nje kuphela ekulinganiseni ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa nakwindlela yokuvumelanisa imijelo yedatha evela kwiisensa ezininzi. Iindlela zokulawula udaka lwe-rheology zanamhlanje zisebenzisa iiseti zedatha ezihambelana nexesha ukuvelisa uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwepropathi yodaka ngexesha langempela.
- Iinethiwekhi zesensordibanisa ii-viscometers kunye neemitha zoxinano kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lolawulo, njenge-SCADA, ngokusebenzisa iiprotokholi zedatha ezidibeneyo (umz., i-MODBUS, i-OPC-UA).
- Ungqamaniso oluzenzekelayoingasebenzisa i-direct time-stamping kwinqanaba le-sensor, ilungelelanise ukufundwa ngaphakathi kwee-milliseconds—imfuneko xa iipropati zolwelo zinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yezongezo ezintsha zolwelo lokubhola okanye iziganeko ezikhawulezileyo zokuhla.
- Imizekelo:Uvavanyo lwelebhu nolwentsimi lubonisa ukuba ii-viscometers ze-helical pipe kunye neemitha zoxinano oluphakathi, xa zivumelanisiwe, zibonelela ngedatha esebenzayo nesebenzayo yokulawula uxinzelelo lomphezulu kunye nolwe-downhole. Umzekelo, amaqonga asekelwe kwi-neural-network afana ne-SENSE ahlalutya idatha yesensa evumelaniswe ngexesha ukuze aqikelele ubukhulu befilimu yeoyile kwaye aqinisekise ukuthambisa okufanelekileyo, okunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokubhola.
Abaqhubi baxhomekeke ngakumbi kwii-algorithms ze-data fusion okanye ii-dashboards zexesha langempela ukuze babone kwaye bathathe amanyathelo kwiindlela ezihambelanayo zokuphucula ukucutshungulwa kodaka olusekelwe kwi-oyile. Oku kuxhasa uhlengahlengiso olusebenzayo ekuqulunqweni, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi ye-downhole.
Ukuqinisekisa Ukuthembeka Kwiindawo Ezinzima Ze-Oyili
Ukugcina idatha isemgangathweni ophezulu kwindawo enobundlongondlongo yokubhola udaka olusebenzisa ioyile kufuna izixhobo zokuvavanya ezinoyilo oluqinileyo loomatshini, umbane kunye neekhemikhali:
- Izindlu eziqinileyo:Abavelisi bezixhobo zokuvavanya basebenzisa izinto ezivaliweyo, ezingamelani nokugqwala ezifana nentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye i-titanium, ezimelana nodaka olurhabaxa, olushushu kakhulu, nolunamandla angengawo amakhemikhali.
- Ulawulo lobushushu:Iindlela zokupholisa ezingasebenziyo nezisebenzayo, kunye nokuzaliswa kweoyile ye-dielectric, zinceda ekukhuseleni izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezibuthathaka kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu odaka. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziza neemeko ezinokubakho zokutshintshiselana, ezinje ngomngcipheko wokuqandisa ioyile okanye ukonakala kobushushu kuluhlu oluphezulu lwemisebenzi yenkqubo yodaka.
- Ukufakwa kwee-capsules kunye nokwahlulwa koomatshini:Izinzwa ezifakwe kwi-oyile ezifana nezo zikwinkqubo ye-eRTIS zisebenzisa ii-elektroniki ezifakwe kwiikhaphu kunye nee-diaphragms zokwahlukanisa ukuthintela ukutshayiswa koomatshini, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokungena kwezinto zolwelo lokubhola.
- Ukuchonga iimpazamo ngobuchule:Iiyunithi eziphambili zifakela ii-accelerometers kunye neendlela zokuzixilonga; iindlela zokufunda koomatshini zinokubona kwaye zithintele ukungaphumeleli kwe-sensor kwindawo ethile, nokuba zifakwe kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana neetanki zodaka okanye ngqo kwimigca yokuhamba kwamanzi.
Iinkqubo ezivavanyiweyo zixela ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwexesha elide phantsi kweemeko zokungcangcazela okuphezulu, uxinzelelo olutshintshatshintshayo, kunye nokuvezwa kweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, njengoko kubhaliwe ngezixhobo ezifana ne-Rheonics inline viscometers kunye neemitha zoxinano. Uyilo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo—ukugubungela ukubekwa kwesensor, ukufakwa, ukukhuselwa kweentambo, kunye nokufunyanwa kwedatha—zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka kokulinganisa kwaye, ngokwandisa, amandla okuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yodaka lokubhola.
Ukuhlanganiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-sensor kudala umqolo wokwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yodaka olusekelwe kwi-oyile yedijithali, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bajonge iipropati zolwelo oluphambili ngexesha langempela kwaye baphendule ngokukhawuleza ukuze bafumane ukhuseleko oluphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ukubeka iliso kuDaka ngexesha langempela: Impembelelo kuLawulo loXinzelelo lweDownhole kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubhola
Ikhonkco Elithe Tye Phakathi Kwe-Fluid Rheology kunye noLawulo Loxinzelelo Lwe-Downhole
I-rheology yodaka olusebenzisa ioyile ibumba ngokuthe ngqo ulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-downhole ngempembelelo yalo kwiiparameter ezifana ne-plastiki viscosity kunye ne-yield point. I-plastic viscosity ibonisa ukumelana okubangelwa zizinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo kunye nokungqubana kolwelo, nto leyo echaza ukuba udaka luhamba lula kangakanani kwi-wellbore phantsi koxinzelelo. I-yield point, uxinzelelo lokuqala olufunekayo ukuqala ukuhamba kolwelo, ilawula ukuba udaka lunokuthwala kakuhle kangakanani iziqwenga.
Uhlengahlengiso kwizinto ezongeziweyo zolwelo lokubhola ioyile, ezifana ne-PAC_UL polymer okanye i-CMITS-modified starches, zonyusa inqanaba le-yield kunye ne-viscosity yeplastiki. Olu tshintsho luphakamisa i-equivalent circulating density (ECD), i-effective density yodaka olujikelezayo, olulawula uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic lwe-downhole. Ukulungiswa kwe-ECD ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile—amaxabiso aphezulu aphucula ukucocwa kwemingxunya kodwa, ukuba igqithisile, inokwaphula ukwakheka okanye ikhokelele ekulahlekeni kokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngenxa yoko, ulawulo oluqinileyo lwe-drilling fluid rheology lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi ye-downhole kunye nokuthembeka kwe-wellbore.
Indlela Ukulinganisa Okuphakathi Okuyiphucula Ngayo Indlela Yokujonga Iipropati Zolwelo Olungundoqo Ngexesha Langempela
Uvavanyo lodaka lwendabuko, olunemida emininzi kwaye ludla ngokulibaziseka ngamaxesha okulinda elebhu, lunokungaphumeleli ukutshintsha ngesiquphe kwindlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yodaka olusekelwe kwioyile. Iindlela zokulawula i-rheology yodaka olusemgceni, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwee-viscometers ezishukumayo ezikwi-intanethi, ngoku zivumela ukujonga udaka ngexesha langempela.
Ezi sensors zingafakwa ngobuchule kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zodaka ezisekelwe kwioyile, njengemigca yokubuyisela kunye neetanki zokuxuba. Ngokuthatha iisampulu ezikhawulezayo neziphindaphindayo, abaqhubi bamasimi babona ngoko nangoko iindlela zokurhweba ngolwelo lokugrumba, ezifana notshintsho kwi-viscosity edibene nezongezo ezintsha zolwelo lokugrumba ioyile okanye ukuguquguquka komthwalo wokusika.
Ngokunikezela ngolwazi olukhawulezileyo nolusebenzisekayo, ukulinganisa okucwangcisiweyo kuxhasa ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yodaka olusekwe kwioyile, kugcina amandla olwelo olujoliswe kulo, kwaye kuvumela uhlengahlengiso ngexesha langempela njengoko iimeko zokumba zitshintsha. Oku akupheleli nje ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kolwelo kodwa kuhambelana kakuhle neenkqubo zokhuseleko ezingaphantsi komngxuma ekubholeni.
Ukufumanisa Nokulungisa Okukhawulezileyo: Ukunciphisa Iingozi Nexesha Elingasebenziyo
Uhlalutyo lwepropathi yodaka olukhawulezayo noluchanekileyo lwexesha langempela luvumela abaqhubi ukuba babone ukungaqheleki kwepropathi yolwelo kwangoko nje ukuba lwenzeke. Izinzwa ezikwimigca zifumanisa ukunyuka okuncinci kwi-viscosity okanye ukuqokelelwa kwe-ECD signaling cuttings, ukungena, okanye uxinzelelo lokwakheka olutshintshayo. Abasebenzi basentsimini banokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukwakheka kodaka—nokuba kungokuxuba, ukuphucula izongezo zolwelo lokubhola kodaka olusekelwe kwioyile, okanye ukulungisa amazinga okumpompa—ukuphepha iimeko ezinobungozi ezifana nokungazinzi kwe-wellbore, umbhobho obambekileyo, okanye ukulahleka kokujikeleza kwegazi.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokubhola kuyanda xa izigqibo ziqhutywa yidatha zisenziwa. Ingxelo yexesha langempela ixhasa ukubalwa kwe-hydraulics okubandakanya ubushushu bomngxuma kunye noxinzelelo, kuthintelwe iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ekuqikeleleni uxinzelelo lwepompo ezidla ngokungafumanekiyo ziindlela ze-API. Ukubeka esweni inkqubo yodaka edibeneyo—ukusebenzisaLonnwadibanaer diluLingfi-luid i-viscomi-eterkwimigca yokubuyela—ichonga iingozi ezifana nokungena kwegesi okanyeukulahleka kolwelongaphambi kokuba kubekho iingxaki ezinkulu, nto leyo enika amandla amaqela ukuba aphendule ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke nantoni na.
Ngamafutshane, ukujonga udaka ngexesha langempela kusetyenziswa ii-viscometers ezikwi-inline kunye nee-analyzers ngokusisiseko kuguqula ukujonga i-fluid dynamics kwimisebenzi yokugrumba. Ngokuqinisekisa i-rheology efanelekileyo yodaka kunye nokukwazi ukulungisa ngokukhawuleza, abaqhubi bafumana ulawulo oluphuculweyo loxinzelelo lwe-downhole, umngcipheko oncitshisiweyo, ukusombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokugrumba.
Ukuphucula ukucutshungulwa kodaka olusekelwe kwioyile kunye nolawulo lokongeza
Impendulo yeXesha langempela kwimisebenzi yokucubungula udaka olusekwe kwioyile
Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokujonga udaka ngexesha langempela kwenza kube lula ukuvavanya rhoqo iimpawu zodaka olusebenzisa ioyile. Ii-viscometers ezishukumayo ezikwi-intanethi kunye neenkqubo ze-viscometer zepayipi ezenzekelayo zilandelela iiparameter ze-rheology yolwelo lokubhola—ezifana ne-viscosity kunye ne-yield point—ngqo ngaphakathi kokujikeleza kokusetyenziswa kodaka olusebenzisa ioyile, zisusa ukulibaziseka okubangela iindlela ezenziwe ngesandla. Ezi sensors zibonelela ngempendulo ekhawulezileyo kwaye zivumela ukubonwa ngokukhawuleza kokuphambuka kwindlela yokuziphatha kodaka, njengokuhla ngequbuliso kwe-viscosity okanye utshintsho olunxulumene nokuxutywa okanye ukungcola.
Iimodeli zokufunda koomatshini zinokudityaniswa kolu hambo lomsebenzi ukuze kuqikelelwe ukufundwa kwe-viscometer eqhelekileyo kunye nezinye ixabiso le-rheological ezivela kwidatha yesenzi yexesha langempela. Ezi modeli zivelisa uhlalutyo oluthembekileyo lokuxhasa izigqibo ezibalulekileyo malunga nolawulo lwepropathi yodaka, ukuphucula amandla okuphucula ukusebenza kolwelo lokumba kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokumba. Umzekelo, isignali engalindelekanga evela kwi-viscometer inokubangela isindululo sokulungisa izongezo okanye ukuguqula amazinga epompo, ukuqinisekisa ulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-downhole kunye nokuqinisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi ye-downhole.
Ukulungisa izongezo ze-oyile yokubhola ukuze kuphuculwe uLawulo loMsebenzi wodaka
Ulawulo oluhambelanayo lwezongezo zolwelo lokubhola ioyile luxhomekeke kwidatha yexesha langempela. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ezizenzekelayo zisebenzisa igalelo lesensor ukulawula ukungeniswa kwee-viscosifiers, ii-agents zokulahleka kolwelo, ii-emulsifiers, kunye nee-shale inhibitors. Xa ukufundwa kwe-viscosity kungaphandle kweendawo ekujoliswe kuzo, iyunithi yokulinganisa inokunyusa ukuhanjiswa kodongwe lwe-organophilic okanye ii-polymers ze-amphipathic - ukuzongeza ngokuchanekileyo ukubuyisela uzinzo lwe-rheological.
Inkqubela yakutshanje ikwabandakanya iintlobo ezintsha zokongeza—ezifana nee-nanocomposite agents okanye ii-polymers ezisekelwe kwi-β-cyclodextrin—ezibonisa uzinzo lobushushu kunye nolawulo oluphuculweyo lokulahleka kolwelo kwiindawo ze-HPHT. Umzekelo, xa kufunyenwe ukwehla kobushushu obuphantsi komngxuma, inkqubo inokutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo umlinganiselo wee-polymers ezigqumayo ukuze kubekho uzinzo oluqinileyo lwe-wellbore.
Ii-emulsifiers ezigutyiweyo, kuquka nezo zenziwe ngenkunkuma, zibonelela ngozinzo olungcono lweshelufu kunye nokulula kokudibanisa kunee-emulsifiers zolwelo zemveli. Ukufakwa kwazo kwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwezongezo kwaye kuxhasa amanyathelo okugcina uzinzile. Umzekelo: utshintsho lwepropathi ngexesha langempela lukhuthaza inkqubo ukuba idibanise umgubo othile we-emulsifier ukuze kugcinwe isakhiwo esifanelekileyo se-emulsion kwinkqubo yodaka olusekelwe kwioyile.
Ukulungelelanisa Ukulungiswa Kwendlela Yokwenza Udaka Ngexesha Lokuhamba
Idatha eqhubekayo evela ekulogeni udaka lwedijithali, uhlalutyo lokusika, kunye nezinzwa zomphezulu zondla kwiiplatifomu zolawulo oluzenzekelayo. Ezi nkqubo zihlalutya iindlela ezihambelana neziseko zembali kunye neemodeli zokuqikelela ukuze zicebise—okanye ziphumeze ngokuthe ngqo—utshintsho lokwakheka kodaka. Umzekelo, njengoko iimeko zemigodi zitshintsha, inkqubo inokunciphisa ubungakanani bearhente yokulahleka kolwelo kwaye yonyuse uxinzelelo lokuguqula i-viscosity, konke oku ngaphandle kokumisa imisebenzi.
Olu hlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo lubalulekile kwimithombo enzima, kuquka iimeko ze-HPHT kunye ne-ERD, apho ithuba lokulawula uxinzelelo olungaphantsi komhlaba lincinci. Uhlengahlengiso lunokwenziwa ngoko nangoko ukuphendula umthwalo wokusika, ukungena kwegesi, okanye utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwe-annular, ukunciphisa ixesha elingasebenziyo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko. Ngokudityaniswa kokufunda komatshini kohlalutyo lwepropathi yodaka ngexesha langempela, i-feedback loop iyaqina, ibonelela ngeendlela ezisebenzayo zokwenza ngcono inkqubo yodaka olusekelwe kwioyile ngesantya sotshintsho lokugrumba.
Umzekelo osebenzayo: Kwiqula lamanzi anzulu, i-viscometer yokungcangcazela emgceni ibona ukunyuka kwe-viscosifier ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-cooler. I-algorithm yokulawula ezenzekelayo iyalela ukungeniswa kwe-viscosifier okuncitshisiweyo kunye nokunyuka okuncinci kwidosi ye-emulsifier yokwenziwa, ilungiselela inkqubo yokuphucula ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokubhajwa kombhobho. Olu ngenelelo lukhawulezileyo, olwenziwe ukuba lube nokwenzeka ngohlalutyo oludibeneyo kunye noozenzele, lusebenza njengesiseko seenkqubo zolwelo lokubhola ezizimeleyo kwixesha elizayo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Umbuzo 1. Ukubeka esweni i-rheology yolwelo lokubhola ngexesha langempela kuphucula njani ukusebenza kakuhle kokubhola udaka olusekelwe kwioyile?
Ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela le-rheology yolwelo lokubhola olusekelwe kwioyile kwenza ukuba kubonwe ngokukhawuleza utshintsho lwe-viscosity kunye nokungahambelani. Izinzwa ezizenzekelayo kunye neemodeli zokuqikelela zihlala zilinganisa iipropati ezifana ne-viscosity, i-yield point, kunye noxinano kwindawo ye-rig. Abaqhubi banokulungisa ngokukhawuleza iiparameter zokubhola—ezifana namazinga epompo yodaka okanye iidosi zokongeza—ukunciphisa ixesha elingenzi mveliso (i-NPT) kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokungazinzi kwe-wellbore. Le ndlela yokulawula i-rheology yodaka olusebenzayo ithintela imiba efana nokugqwala kwe-barite kunye nokusilela kokulawula ukuhluza, iphucula ukusebenza kolwelo lokubhola, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu (i-HPHT). Izifundo zamva nje zokubhola udaka olusekelwe kwioyile enzulu zibonise uphuculo olukhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasekukhuselekeni, okubangelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkqubo zokujonga udaka ngexesha langempela.
Umbuzo 2. Ziziphi iingenelo zee-viscometers ezishukumayo ezikwi-intanethi ngaphezu kokulinganisa i-viscosity ngesandla ekulawuleni ulwelo lokomba olusekelwe kwioyile?
Ii-viscometers ezishukumayo ezikwi-line zibonelela ngohlalutyo oluqhubekayo nolwexesha langempela, ngokungafaniyo nokuhlolwa kwe-viscometer ngesandla kusetyenziswa ii-Marsh funnels okanye ii-viscometers ze-capillary, ezihlala zihleli kwaye zilibaziseka. Ezi sensors zibonelela ngempendulo ethe ngqo ngaphandle kokuthatha isampuli ngesandla, zinciphisa impembelelo yempazamo yomntu kwaye ziqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwangoko kokwakheka kodaka okanye izongezo zolwelo lokubhola ioyile. Ii-viscometers ezishukumayo zenzelwe ubunzima bokucubungula udaka olusekelwe kwioyile, kubandakanya neemeko ze-HPHT, kwaye zifuna ukugcinwa okuncinci ngenxa yokungabikho kweendawo ezihambayo. Ukufakwa kwentsimi kwimithombo enzulu kakhulu kuqinisekisa ukuqina kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka, okwenza zibe zizixhobo eziphambili zokufaka ii-viscometers kwiinkqubo zolwelo lokubhola kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi.
Umbuzo 3. Zifanele zifakwe phi ii-inline sensors kwiinkqubo zodaka ezisekelwe kwioyile ukuze kulinganiswe kakuhle iimpawu zodaka?
Ukufakwa okufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo zodaka ezisekelwe kwioyile kubandakanya iimpompo zodaka emva kokusetyenziswa kodaka, xa kubuyiswa izinto ezibalulekileyo (umz., umatshini wokubuyisela udonga emva kokusetyenziswa kodaka), kunye nee-shale shakers ezisezantsi kwangoko. Eli cebo libamba iisampulu zodaka ezimeleyo, livumela ukujonga ngokupheleleyo i-rheology yodaka kunye noxinano ngelixa likhusela izixhobo kwizinto eziqinileyo ezirhabaxa kunye nokuguga okugqithisileyo. Ukuhlanganiswa nee-acoustic kunye nee-density sensors kwezi ndawo kuqinisa ukujonga amandla olwelo kwimisebenzi yokumba kwaye kuxhasa iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokhuseleko lwe-downhole ekumba. KwiPermian Basin, ukuthunyelwa kwee-sensor ezikrelekrele kunciphisa iindleko zokuloba kwaye kwaphucula ukumba kwiindawo eziphambili ekujoliswe kuzo.
Umbuzo 4. Yintoni indima edlalwa zezongezo zolwelo lokubhola ioyile ekujongeni udaka ngexesha langempela kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza?
Izongezo zolwelo lokubhola ioyile—ezifana nee-emulsifiers, ii-weighting agents, kunye nee-rheology modifiers—zibalulekile ekulungiseni i-rheology, uzinzo, kunye noxinano lodaka lokubhola olusekelwe kwioyile. Uhlalutyo lwepropathi yodaka lwexesha langempela lukhokela abaqhubi ekulungiseni izongezo ngokuguquguqukayo ukuze baphendule kutshintsho olubonakalayo kwi-viscosity, uxinano, okanye ubushushu. Iinkqubo zokuqikelela ukutolika idatha ye-sensor, zivumela ukulungelelaniswa ngokukhawuleza kwedosi yokongeza ekucutshungulweni kodaka olusekelwe kwioyile. Le ndlela ezenzekelayo igcina uzinzo olusemzimbeni, ilawula uxinzelelo olusezantsi, kwaye ithintela iziganeko ezifana nokujikeleza kwegazi okulahlekileyo, ukugoba kwe-barite, okanye ukukhaba, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokubhola kunye nemida yokhuseleko.
Umbuzo 5. Ulawulo lwe-inline viscosity kunye noxinano lunceda njani ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi ye-downhole?
Ulawulo oluqhubekayo lwe-inline viscosity kunye noxinano lugcina iipropati ezibalulekileyo zolwelo lokubhola ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo ngamaxesha onke. Ingxelo yexesha langempela evela kwiisensa ivumela impendulo ekhawulezileyo kwiindlela eziphambukayo ezibangelwa kukutshintsha kobushushu, ukulahleka kolwelo, okanye ungcoliseko.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-11-2025
