Ukulinganiswa koxinano kunye nobukhulu be-viscosity kubalulekile kwimveliso ye-asphalt eguqulwe yi-polymer: uxinano luqinisekisa ukuxinana okufanelekileyo, amandla, kunye nokumelana nokugoba/ukufuma, ngelixa ubugoba bulawula ukufuthwa, ukusebenza, kunye nokumelana nokuguquguquka. Ukulinganiswa kwe-inline ngexesha langempela (umz., iimitha zoxinano lwe-ultrasonic, iimitha zobuninzi be-viscosity) kuthintela ukwahlukana kwesigaba, ukuhlanganiswa, kunye nokuvaleka kwemibhobho, kuphucula imilinganiselo ye-polymer/yongeziweyo, kwaye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwendlela kunye nokuqina.
Ukuqonda Ukuguqulwa kweAsphalt: Imigaqo kunye nezizathu
Ukuguqulwa kwe-asphalt kubhekisa ekuphuculweni kwee-asphalt binders eziqhelekileyo ngokongeza ii-chemical okanye ii-physical modifiers, ikakhulu ii-polymers. Le nkqubo ibalulekile kubunjineli beendlela zanamhlanje, iphendula ngokuthe ngqo kwiimfuno zokuphucula ukuqina, ukuqina, kunye nokuzinza kwemiphezulu yendlela.
Ukuguqulwa kweAsphalt
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Ukuchaza Ukuguqulwa kweAsphalt kunye nendima yayo
Kwimeko yayo engaguqukiyo, i-asphalt isenokuba neengxaki ezifana nokuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka kobushushu, kunye nokudinwa phantsi komthwalo ophindaphindiweyo wezithuthi kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezongezo ezikhethwe ngononophelo kuguqula iimpawu zoomatshini kunye ne-viscoelastic ze-binder, kubonelela ngokumelana okukhulu nokuguquguquka, ukuguga, kunye nokusilela okubangelwa yimozulu. Ukuguqulwa kwe-polymer, ngakumbi, kube yintsika ekwandiseni ubomi bokuhamba kunye nokusebenza, kubonelela ngophuculo olubhaliweyo kwiindawo zasentsimini nakwilebhu.
Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba iindlela ezinkulu, iindlela zasezidolophini, kunye neziseko zophuhliso ezithwala imithwalo enzima zigcina isevisi ixesha elide, nto leyo enciphisa amaxesha kunye neendleko zokulungiswa. Iindlela eziphumayo zixhotyiswe ngcono ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, kunye nobushushu obuphantsi ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, nto leyo evumela iinethiwekhi ukuba zisebenze phantsi kweemeko ezinzima neziguquguqukayo.
Uzinzo lweNkqubo kunye noLawulo loMgangatho kwiMveliso yeAsphalt eHleliweyo yePolymer
Ukulawula uzinzo kulo lonke ixesha lokuveliswa kwe-asphalt eguqulwe yi-polymer kufuna ulawulo olusondeleyo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Uhlobo lwe-polymer kunye nomthamo kufuneka kuhambelane ne-asphalt feedstock ngovavanyo olupheleleyo lokuhambelana, njengoko nokungafani okuncinci kubangela ukwahlukana kwesigaba okanye ukungangqinelani kwe-binder. Uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo—oluqhele ukuchongwa ngovavanyo lovavanyo—lunceda ekufezekiseni amanqaku okuthamba ekujoliswe kuwo, amandla okutsalwa, kunye nokuguquguquka, ngelixa i-polymer engaphezulu inokunciphisa ukuguquguquka okanye idale imingeni yokucubungula.
Ubushushu bubalulekile kwiindlela zokuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer. Ukuxuba kudla ngokuba phakathi kwe-160°C kunye ne-185°C, kunye nokuphambuka okubangela ukunyibilika kwe-polymer okanye ukuwohloka kobushushu. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokuqhekeza ii-polymers, kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-binder ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukunciphisa ubushushu kunokubangela ukunyibilika kwe-polymer okungaphelelanga kunye nokufana okuphantsi komxube. Isantya sokuxuba sibaluleke ngokulinganayo: ukucotha kakhulu kuthintela ukusasazeka okwaneleyo, ngelixa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwandisa ukucheba kwaye, ngokumangalisayo, kunokubangela ukwahlulwa kwamasuntswana. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuxuba phakathi kwe-500–2000 rpm, okulungiselelwe ubungakanani bebhetshi kunye nejometri yomxube, kufikelela ibhalansi yokuxuba okufanayo. Ixesha lokuhlala—ixesha apho i-asphalt kunye ne-polymer zihlala phantsi koxinzelelo—kufuneka lilungiswe; ixesha elaneleyo livelisa impendulo engaphelelanga, ngelixa ukugqithisa kunokubangela ukwahlulwa kwesigaba njengoko izongezo ziphuma ekumisweni.
Kwimveliso yeqela le-asphalt eguqulweyo yepolymer, abaqhubi banokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo izinto eziluhlaza kwaye balungise iindlela zokupheka njengoko kufuneka kumxube ngamnye. Oku kwenza ukuba kusebenze isenzo sokulungisa ngexesha langempela ukuba uxinaniso lwepolymer, ubushushu, okanye iimpawu zokuxuba ziyahluka kwiinkcukacha. Umzekelo, i-PMA binder esebenza kakuhle kwiindlela zeenqwelo moya ingafuna ulawulo oluhlaziyiweyo malunga nemilinganiselo yokongeza kunye neprofayili yobushushu, kunye neesampuli zovavanyo ezincinci ezihlalutyiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukufana ngaphambi kokuba i-batch epheleleyo igqitywe. Iinkqubo zeqela zisebenza ngokukodwa kwiimveliso ze-asphalt ezikhethekileyo, ezincinci, okanye ezinexabiso eliphezulu.
Imveliso eqhubekayo, nangona isebenza kakuhle kwimveliso ephezulu, ibeka imingeni yokwenza ngcono uzinzo lwenkqubo. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zihlala zilinganiswa ngokomthamo, nto leyo enokungenisa umahluko kwi-polymer okanye kwi-stabilizer dosage ukuba iinkqubo zokutya azilinganiswanga kakuhle. Iinkqubo eziqhubekayo zixhomekeke ekulinganisweni okusemgceni kunye nempendulo yexesha langempela ukugcina uxinano kunye ne-viscosity ekujoliswe kuyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweemitha zoxinano ze-ultrasonic—ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter—zibonelela ngeendlela zokulawula uxinano lwe-asphalt oluqhubekayo, oluchanekileyo, olulumkisa iinjineli zenkqubo ngoko nangoko malunga nokuphambuka okunokubonisa ukwahlukana kwesigaba, ukutyibilika, okanye ukungangqinelani kokutya. Iimitha zoxinano olusemgceni ziqinisekisa ngakumbi ukuba i-rheology ye-binder ihlala ngaphakathi kweenkcukacha, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekuhlangabezaneni nemigangatho yokusebenza yesizwe neyenqanaba leprojekthi.
Ulawulo olungalunganga lweeparameter zenkqubo luzisa iingozi ezininzi. Ukuba ubushushu bokuxuba buphantsi kakhulu, iipolymers zisenokunganyibiliki kwaye zihlangane, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-binder engalinganiyo isebenze kakuhle. Ukucheba okuphezulu kakhulu okanye amaxesha okuhlala ande kunokubangela ukwahlulwa kwesigaba okanye kukhuthaze iimpendulo zokuwohloka, ngakumbi kwimixube ene-polypropylene okanye i-polyethylene waste modifiers. Ukwahlulwa kwesigaba—apho izigaba ezityebileyo zepolymer kunye ne-asphalt-rich zahlula ngokwasemzimbeni ngaphakathi kweetanki okanye ngexesha lokugcina—kukhokelela ekuhlukanisweni okubonakalayo kunye nokusebenza kwendlela eguquguqukayo kakhulu. Ukudilika kwenzeka ukuba ii-polymer okanye ii-filler particles ziyatshona okanye zintanta ngenxa yokungalingani koxinano, ziphinde zivelise iipropati ze-binder ezingahambelaniyo. Ezi zinto azichaphazeli kuphela iimpawu zoomatshini kunye ne-rheological ze-asphalt kodwa kunye nokuqina kwayo kwexesha elide phantsi koxinzelelo lwezithuthi kunye nemozulu.
Ulawulo lomgangatho, ke ngoko, ludibanisa uyilo lwenkqubo oluqinileyo kunye nokubeka esweni okusebenzayo. Iindlela zokudibanisa i-asphalt zokuphucula ukusebenza zixhomekeke ekugcineni zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo ngaphakathi koluhlu lwazo olufanelekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo. Ukusebenzisa imitha ethembekileyo yomgca woxinzelelo kunye ne-viscosity—ingakumbi umlinganiselo woxinano lwe-ultrasonic kwimveliso ye-asphalt ebonelelwa yiLonnmeter—kunceda ukugcina ulawulo oluqinileyo lwe-compositional. Xa kufunyenwe ukuphambuka, indlela yanamhlanje kukubeka uphawu kunye nokuguqula imveliso engaphandle kwe-spec ukuze iphinde isetyenzwe endaweni yokuyivumela ukuba ingene kwikhonkco lokubonelela, okuqinisa ukubaluleka kokuziqeqesha kwebhetshi kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukusebenzisana kobushushu, isantya sokuxuba, ixesha lokuhlala, kunye nokulinganisela okuchanekileyo kwe-feedstock kusekela yonke into yokuguqulwa kwe-polymer asphalt. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela olu qeqesho kubiza imiba eqala ekuhlukaniseni isigaba kunye nokudilika kwe-sediment ukuya ekungahambelani okukhulu kwe-binder, umngcipheko wokusebenza kwendlela kunye nokunciphisa ubomi benkonzo.
Ukulawula Ukuqina kunye noxinano lweAsphalt: Izixhobo kunye neendlela
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-asphalt viscosity lubalulekile ekucutshungulweni okutyibilikayo, ukuxinana okujoliswe kuko, kunye nokusebenza kwendlela yokuhambahamba ixesha elide. Ukuqina kwe-asphalt kuchaphazela ukufunxwa kwayo—indlela elula ngayo ukuhamba kwiimpompo, iipayipi, kunye nezixhobo zokuxuba ngexesha lokuveliswa kwe-asphalt eguqulweyo yipolymer. Ukuba i-viscosity idlula ngaphandle koluhlu olufanelekileyo, i-asphalt inokuba nzima ukuyiphatha, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvalekeni okanye ekugqunyweni okungafanelekanga kwee-aggregates. Ngenxa yoko, ulawulo olubi lwe-viscosity lunokubangela ukwahlulwahlulwa komxube, ukuxinana okungonelanga, kunye nokuqina okunciphileyo kwendlela yokuhambahambahambayo.
Ukuqina komoya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukuqina komoya okuphantsi kuphucula ukufuthwa kwamanzi kodwa kunokuphazamisa amandla omxube okufezekisa ukuxinana okufanelekileyo, ngelixa ukuqina komoya okugqithisileyo kubangela ukuhamba okuqinileyo kunye nokuxuba okungaphelelanga. Iindlela zokuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer, ezifana nokufakwa kwe-SBS okanye i-PTFE, zivumela ukulungiswa kokuqina komoya okujoliswe kuzo kwizicelo ezithile. Ukukhetha ngononophelo kunye nokulinganisa izongezo kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuxuba i-asphalt ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kuqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokuhamba kwamanzi, ukumelana nobushushu, kunye nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka. Iimitha ze-viscosity ezikwi-inline, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, zivumela uvavanyo lwexesha langempela kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lwempendulo ngexesha lokuveliswa kwe-asphalt kunye nokuthuthwa kwayo. Ezi mitha zivumela abaqhubi ukuba balungise ubushushu kunye nokufakwa kwezongezo ngokuguquguqukayo, ukuthintela ukuvaleka kwepompo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetshi nganye igcina iipropati ezifanayo kuyo yonke inkqubo.
Ulawulo loxinano lubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Uxinano olufanelekileyo lwe-asphalt luphawu lomgangatho wokuxinana, amandla eendlela, kunye nokuqina. Uxinano olunganelanga lushiya izithuba zomoya ezingaphezulu, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukungena komswakama, ukugoba, kunye nokungaphumeleli kokudinwa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuxinana kakhulu kunokukhupha i-binder eninzi kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iindawo eziqhekekileyo neziqhekekayo zibe buthathaka. Iindlela zanamhlanje zokulawula uxinano lwe-asphalt zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo, obungonakalisiyo ukubonelela ngempendulo ngexesha langempela. Phakathi kwezi, imitha yoxinano lwe-ultrasonic ye-asphalt—edityaniswe kwiipayipi zemveliso okanye kwizitishi zokubeka esweni—inika ukufundwa kwangoko koxinano lwezinto ngokutolika ukuhanjiswa kwamaza esandi ngomxube. Olu fundo luxhasa uhlengahlengiso lwangaphakathi, lunegalelo ekuxinaneni okufanayo kwaye lunciphise umngcipheko wobuthathaka obunxulumene noxinano.
Ukulinganiswa koxinano lwe-ultrasonic kwimveliso ye-asphalt kubaluleke kakhulu ekujongeni inkqubo kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho. Ngokufaka iimitha zoxinano lwe-ultrasonic zeLonnmeter kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuxuba nokudlulisa, abaqhubi bafikelela kwiiprofayili zoxinano oluphilayo, bechonga naziphi na iimpazamo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba zivela. Oku kuxhasa amaqhinga okunciphisa ngokukhawuleza, njengokulungisa isantya sokuxuba okanye ukutya okuhlanganisiweyo, ukugcina ukuhambelana koxinano kulo lonke umthamo ovelisiweyo.
Ukuguquguquka kobuninzi kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-viscosity kunokubeka emngciphekweni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokuthembeka kwendlela yokuhambahamba ixesha elide. Ukunyuka okukhulu, okukhawulezileyo kwi-viscosity—okubangelwa zizithako ezingahambelaniyo okanye ukuguquguquka kobushushu—kubangela ukugquma okungalinganiyo kunye nokuxinana okungafaniyo. Uvavanyo lokuhambelana kwe-asphalt feedstock licebo elisebenzayo; ngokuqinisekisa ukuba i-base bitumen, ii-polymers, kunye nezinye izinto eziguqulayo zixubana kakuhle, abavelisi banciphisa umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka okunjalo. Ukuthintela ukuvaleka kwimibhobho ye-asphalt kusebenzisa izinzwa ezikwimigca: kwakuba nje ukunyuka kwe-viscosity kufunyenwe, abaqhubi banokungenelela ngaphambi kokuba izinto ziqokeleleke okanye imibhobho ivalwe, besebenzisa izisombululo zokuvaleka kwemibhobho ezibhalwe kakuhle ekuthuthweni kwe-asphalt.
Uvavanyo lweepropati ze-Rheological luyintsika yesayensi yolawulo lwenkqubo ye-asphalt ezinzileyo. Uvavanyo olufana ne-dynamic shear rheometry alugcini nje ngokulinganisa ukuziphatha kwe-viscoelastic kodwa lukwatyhila indlela umxube oza kusabela ngayo phantsi koxinzelelo lokusebenza kunye nobushushu. Ukuqonda ezi mpawu kunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuzinza kwenkqubo—i-rheology ezinzileyo ilingana ne-viscosity ehambelanayo kunye noxinano kuyo yonke imveliso, ukuxinana, kunye nokupholisa. Iiprofayili ze-rheological ezichazwe kakuhle zithetha ukuxuba okufanayo, ukuxinana okuphuculweyo, kunye nokwahlulwahlulwa okuncitshisiweyo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa ubungqingqwa kunye noxinano ngexesha langempela, ingakumbi ezo zisebenzisa iindlela ze-ultrasonic kunye ne-inline, kuphucula ulawulo lwenkqubo. Uhlengahlengiso oluqhutywa yidatha—olwenziwe lwaba nokwenzeka ngezixhobo ezivela kubavelisi abanjengoLonnmeter—luqinisekisa ukuba ibhetshi nganye iyahlangabezana neemfuno zokumpompa, ukusebenza, amandla, kunye nokuqina, ixhasa ukuphuculwa kozinzo lwenkqubo ye-asphalt kunye nokuphakamisa umgangatho uwonke weepavements zanamhlanje.
Ukuthintela ukuvaleka kunye nokugcina ukuhamba kweenkqubo kwiipayipi ze-Asphalt
Ukuvaleka kwemibhobho ye-asphalt, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuveliswa kwe-asphalt eguqulwe yi-polymer, kuvela kunxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwee-polymers ne-asphalt, iimeko zenkqubo eziguquguqukayo, kunye nolawulo olunganeleyo kwiimpawu zokudibanisa ezibalulekileyo. Kwiindlela zokuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer, imiba efana nokwahlulwa kwesigaba, umxholo ophezulu we-solids, kunye nokuphakama kwe-viscosity ngequbuliso kunokuqalisa imida engaphelelanga okanye epheleleyo ngaphakathi komgca.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuvaleka ziquka ukungangqinelani kweekhemikhali okanye kwesimo phakathi kwe-asphalt kunye ne-polymer ekhethiweyo. Iingxube ezingahambelaniyo, ingakumbi ezo zibandakanya ii-polymers ezisetyenzisiweyo ezifana ne-PET okanye i-PE, zihlala zahlula okanye zahlanganisana, zidala iindawo ze-viscosity ephezulu ezicothisa ukuhamba kwaye zibambe ii-particles. Ezi deposits zizityebi kwi-polymer zinokuhlala zixhonyiwe ngexesha lokuxubana kwe-shear ephezulu kodwa zinokuzinza xa i-shear yehla okanye ngexesha lokwehla kobushushu, zenze ii-slugs ezixineneyo okanye ii-gels ngaphakathi kombhobho. Ukufudumeza ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuxubana okungaphelelanga kuyayenza mandundu le miphumo, okuhlala kukhokelela ekubeni iziqwenga ze-polymer ezingaxutywanga ziqokelelene kwiindawo ezigobileyo okanye ezixineneyo zepayipi. Ukunyibilika okubi kwee-polymers ezithile okanye uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo nako kunokunyusa ngequbuliso i-viscosity yomxube, kunciphise ifestile yokhuseleko lokusebenza kokuhamba kombhobho.
Utshintsho kwiiprofayili zobushushu ecaleni kombhobho luchaphazela ukuxinana kwendawo kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo. Iindawo ezishushu okanye ezibandayo ezikwindawo ethile—ezibangelwa kukusasazwa kobushushu okungalinganiyo okanye ukungaphumeleli kokufakelwa—zisebenza njengeendawo ze-nucleation zokuqina okanye ukwahlukana kwesigaba, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi iindlela zokuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer. Oku kuyabonakala ngakumbi kwimigca emide okanye engagqunywanga kakuhle, apho nokuba i-gradients encinci yobushushu inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuhamba. Iindawo zokuhamba okuhamba kancinci okanye okungashukumiyo zikhuthaza ukuhlala kwe-asphaltenes kunye ne-polymers ezingasasazekanga, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwakhiweni kwemida.
Ukugcina uxinano lwe-asphalt oluhambelanayo kunye ne-viscosity kufuna ukubekwa esweni ngenkuthalo nangokuqhubekayo. Izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ezifana nee-Lonnmeter ultrasonic density metres zivumela impendulo yexesha langempela kwiindlela zokulawula uxinano lwe-asphalt kwaye zilandelela ngokuthe ngqo ukusasazeka kotshintsho lwesigaba okanye ukuhlanganiswa kwe-polymer. Zidibene nee-inline viscosity metres, ezi nkqubo zibona ukuqala kotshintsho lwe-viscosity ngaphambi kokuba kufikelelwe kwimida ebalulekileyo yokuvaleka, zibonelela ngesithuba sokulungiswa kwenkqubo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezi mitha zingaphazamisiyo kwenza ukuba kuchongwe kwangethuba iziganeko zokungazinzi komxube, zixhase ukuhamba okuzinzileyo kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo kunye neziguquliweyo kakhulu zokuxuba i-asphalt ye-polymer.
Ukuthintela okusebenzayo kuxhomekeke kwiseti yeendlela zokudibanisa i-asphalt eziqinisayo zombini ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kunye nokuzinza kokuhamba kwamanzi. Ukucoca okungaphakathi kuhlala kuyindlela ephambili yokuzikhusela: izikrini ze-mesh okanye izihluzi zesinyithi ezisinkiweyo, ezilungiselelwe umxube othile kunye nendawo yokusebenza, zibamba ii-agglomerates, isikali, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezisele ngaphambi kokuba ziqokeleleke kumacandelo emibhobho asengozini. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezihluzi kunye nemijikelo yokucoca kuyimfuneko ngenxa yokuthambekela kokuxubana kwe-polymer kunye nezinto eziqinileyo eziphezulu ukuya kwizinto zokucoca ezingcolisa ngokukhawuleza. Iinkqubo zokucoca kufuneka zixhaswe ngamaqhinga okulawula ubushushu kunye nokufudumeza. Nokuba ukuwa okuncinci ngaphantsi kobushushu obufanelekileyo bokuxuba kunokubangela ukuqina kwendawo, kugqithise izihluzi ezisezantsi.
Iinkqubo zokuphazamiseka—ukususela ekuxubeni okwenziwa ngoomatshini rhoqo ukuya kwiipulses ezikhawulezayo—zixhasa ukusasazeka okufanayo kwaye zithintele ukuzinza. Ukuphazamiseka koomatshini ngaphakathi kweetanki ezixutyiweyo kunye namacandelo emibhobho kunceda ukugcina iipolymers ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nee-asphaltenes zixhonyiwe, zilwa ngokuthe ngqo nokwahlulwahlulwa kunye nomngcipheko wokuqokelelana kwendawo. Ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa okanye ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo.
Ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kubalulekile kokubini ekuthinteleni ukuvaleka kwemibhobho ye-asphalt kunye nokwenza ngcono ukuzinza kwenkqubo. Iinkqubo zempendulo ezenzekelayo, ezisebenzisa umlinganiselo woxinano lwe-ultrasonic kwimveliso ye-asphalt kunye ne-inline viscometry, zenza kube lula uhlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo lwamazinga okufudumeza, ukuxuba, kunye nokumpompa ngokweempawu zokuxuba eziguqukayo. Ezi ndlela zokungenelela zokulawula zinciphisa iimpazamo zomntu kwaye zilungelelanisa iimeko zenkqubo ukuze zithintele ukuvaleka, nokuba iimpawu ze-feedstock okanye iimeko zokusingqongileyo zitshintsha.
Indima yokujonga inkqubo iqhubeka ngakumbi ngezixhobo zokuhlola eziphambili—ezifana neepipi zepayipi ezikrelekrele okanye iirobhothi—ezivavanya iimeko zangaphakathi zepayipi. Ezi zixhobo zichonga ukuphambuka kobukhulu bodonga okanye ukuvela kwezithintelo, zivumela ukugcinwa kokuthintela ngaphambi kokuba izithintelo zibangele ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza.
Ngamafutshane, ukuthintela imiqathango kwimigca ye-asphalt eguquliweyo kufuna indlela ebanzi: iiprotokholi zokudibanisa ezilawulwayo, iindlela zokuguqula nokucoca eziqinileyo, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu, kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, ukujonga uxinano oluqhubekayo kunye nokujonga i-viscosity kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifana neemitha zoxinano lwe-ultrasonic zeLonnmeter. Ezi zicwangciso zidibeneyo ziqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okungenangxaki, ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-asphalt yanamhlanje eguquliweyo ye-polymer kunye noyilo lomxube olusetyenzisiweyo.
Ukuzinza kunye nokuHlaziya kwakhona ekuGuqulweni kweAsphalt
Ukudityaniswa kweepolymers ezisetyenzisiweyo, ngakumbi i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kunye ne-polyethylene (PE), kuye kwaba ngundoqo ekuphuculeni uzinzo kwimveliso ye-asphalt eguqulwe yi-polymer. Ezi plastiki zisetyenzisiweyo, ezivela kwinkunkuma yasemva komthengi okanye yemizi-mveliso, zifakwa ngeendlela zokuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer ezicociweyo ezifana neendlela zokuxuba ezomileyo nezimanzi. Zombini ezi ndlela zihambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo yoqoqosho olujikelezayo ngokuphambukisa iiplastiki kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kwaye zifakwe kwiziseko zophuhliso zendlela ezihlala ixesha elide.
Izifundo zamva nje zovavanyo zibonise ukuba i-PET kunye ne-PE ezihlaziyiweyo azinciphisi nje kuphela imfuno yezinto eziluhlaza kodwa zikwaphucula kakhulu iimpawu zoomatshini zemixube ye-asphalt. I-asphalt eguqulwe yi-PET iphucula amandla okutsalwa, ukumelana nokuqhekeka, kunye nokuqina kwexesha elide, ngelixa i-PE yongeza ukuguquguquka kwaye iqinisa ukumelana nokuguquguquka kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-PET kunye ne-PE kuvumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kweziphumo zoomatshini—umzekelo, indibaniselwano ye-6% PE kunye ne-2% PET ibikwe ukuba iphucula amandla okucinezelwa kunye nozinzo ngokubanzi.
Ukufakwa kwezi polymers kunefuthe kwiimilinganiselo zomzimba eziphambili: i-viscosity, uxinano, kunye novakalelo lobushushu be-asphalt binder. Nge-PE okanye i-PET esetyenzisiweyo, i-binder viscosity idla ngokukhula, iqhubela phambili ukumelana ne-rutting, ingakumbi phantsi kweemeko zobushushu eziphezulu okanye eziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo we-polymer ogqithisileyo unokutyhala i-viscosity kakhulu, uthintele ukusebenza kakuhle ngexesha lokuxuba i-asphalt kunye ne-paving. Oku kugxininisa imfuneko yokulawula idosi ngononophelo, uvavanyo oluqinileyo lokuhambelana kwe-asphalt feedstock, kunye neendlela zokuxuba i-asphalt eziphuculweyo ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza.
Utshintsho loxinano lukwahamba nokongeza i-polymer. Njengoko ii-polymers zidibana ngaphakathi kwe-bituminous matrix, kukho impembelelo enokulinganiselwa kwi-density—ebalulekileyo kwi-mixture compactability kunye ne-volumetric standards. Iindlela zokulawula i-asphalt density ezisebenzisa i-ultrasonic density meters, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, zibonelela ngokubeka esweni ngokuchanekileyo ukugcina iithagethi zeenkcukacha. Ngokufanayo, ukulungiswa kozinzo lwenkqubo ye-asphalt kudla ngokuxhomekeka ekulinganisweni kwe-ultrasonic density ngexesha langempela kwimveliso ye-asphalt ukufumanisa nokulungisa ukuphambuka, ukuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho ohambelanayo xa kusetyenziswa umxholo ophinda usetyenziswe. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kuba utshintsho lwe-density kunye ne-viscosity kufuneka lulawulwe ukuthintela ukuxinana okunganelanga okanye umngcipheko wokuguqulwa kobomi bokuqala.
Uvavanyo loomatshini lwe-asphalt ehlaziyiweyo ye-polymer luhlala lubonisa ukuphucuka kozinzo lweMarshall, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuvavanyiweyo ngokusebenzisa umkhondo wamavili eHamburg, kunye nobomi bokudinwa. Idatha yelebhu iqinisekisa ukuba imixube ye-PET kunye ne-PE elinganisiweyo ngokufanelekileyo idlula ulawulo oluqhelekileyo kwiimvavanyo zobushushu obuphezulu nobuphantsi, apho i-PET inegalelo kuzinzo lweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zokulwa nokwaluphala. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ezo asphalts zihlaziyiweyo zandisa ubomi benkonzo nge-14-65% xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zendabuko, ezibambezela ukungenelela kolondolozo olubizayo nolusebenzisa ikhabhoni eninzi.
Iingenelo zokusingqongileyo zininzi. Ukusetyenziswa kweepolymers ezisetyenzisiweyo kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu—kungekuphela nje ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingabonakaliyo kodwa nangokuphila ixesha elide kwindlela kunye nemijikelo embalwa yokuvuselela. Uvavanyo lomjikelo wobomi lubonisa ukuncipha okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nekhabhoni, ingakumbi xa imilambo yenkunkuma yasekuhlaleni inika isitokhwe sokuguqula. Kuluntu, oku kuthetha ukuba umthwalo omncinci wokulahla inkunkuma kunye nokukhutshwa okuncinci kwenkunkuma ngekhilomitha nganye yendlela eyakhiwe okanye evuselelweyo.
Uqinisekiso lomgangatho (QA) luhlala lubalulekile, njengoko ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kunokuvela kwimithombo yeplastiki ephinde yasetyenziswa engahambelaniyo okanye ukuxubana okungaphantsi kokufaneleka. Iiprotokholi ze-QA eziphambili ngoku ziquka uluhlu lweemvavanyo ze-rheological (umz., i-Rolling Thin Film Oven Test yokulinganisa ukuguga, i-dynamic shear rheometry yokuqina kunye nokuguquguquka) kunye novavanyo lwepropathi ebonakalayo (ukuqina kweMarshall, ukungena, ukuguquguquka, kunye nendawo yokuthambisa). Kuphela nge-QA engqongqo, exhaswa lulawulo lwenkqubo yezibalo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa eziqinileyo kwindawo - kubandakanya i-inline density kunye ne-viscosity metres ezivela eLonnmeter - apho abavelisi banokuqinisekisa ukufana kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide. La manyathelo e-QA aqhubekayo abalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono uzinzo lwenkqubo ye-asphalt kunye nokuthintela izisombululo zokuvaleka kwemibhobho ekuthuthweni kwe-asphalt okanye ngexesha lemisebenzi yokuphinda kusetyenziswe.
Ngokubanzi, ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwe-PET kunye ne-PE ephinde yasetyenziswa ekuguqulweni kwe-asphalt kubonisa indlela esebenzayo nenempembelelo eya kwiziseko zophuhliso zendlela ezizinzileyo ngakumbi. Impumelelo ephindwe kabini yokusebenza okuphuculweyo koomatshini kunye nenzuzo ebonakalayo yokusingqongileyo iqinisekisa utshintsho oluqhubekayo kwimveliso ye-asphalt eguqulweyo ye-polymer eluhlaza, enexabiso eliphezulu.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
Yintoni injongo yokuguqulwa kwe-asphalt kubunjineli bendlela?
Ukuguqulwa kwe-asphalt kujolise ekuphuculeni iipropati ze-binder ukujongana neemfuno eziphezulu zezithuthi zanamhlanje kunye nemingeni yeemeko ezinzima. Ngokudibanisa izinto eziguqulayo ezifana neepolymers, iiplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo, okanye irabha yemvuthuluka, iinjineli zinokunyusa ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukudinwa, kunye nokuqhekeka kobushushu. Umzekelo, i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yonyusa amandla okutsalwa kunye nokuzinza kobushushu, ngelixa irabha yemvuthuluka yongeza ukuguquguquka kwaye yandisa ubomi bendlela. Ezi ndlela zixhasa ukuqina kwendlela kwaye zinciphisa isidingo sokugcinwa rhoqo. Ngaphezu koko, iindlela zokuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer zinceda ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zozinzo ngokufaka izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwesakhiwo phantsi koxinzelelo.
Ukuxuba i-asphalt kuyichaphazela njani impawu zendlela yokugqibela?
Ukudibanisa, nokuba kusetyenziswa i-asphalt pavement ephinde yafunyanwa (i-RAP) okanye ukudibanisa i-virgin kunye ne-aged binders, kumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwe-pavement. Ukudibanisa okusebenzayo kuqinisekisa umxube ofanayo, ochaphazela i-viscosity, uxinano, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye namandla oomatshini. Ukudibanisa okunganelanga kunokukhokelela kwiindawo ezibuthathaka, ukuncipha kokumelana nokudinwa, kunye nokuqina okuguquguqukayo. Umzekelo, ukudibanisa okungaphelelanga ne-RAP kunokunciphisa umxholo we-binder osebenzayo, okukhokelela ekuqhekekeni okanye ekunciphiseni ukumelana kwe-rutting. Ukudibanisa okuhlala kusenzeka ngeendlela zokudibanisa i-asphalt ezilungiselelweyo zokuphucula ukusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iipolymers kunye nezongezo zisasazeka ngokupheleleyo kwi-binder matrix ukuze kubekho amandla aphezulu kunye nokufana.
Yintoni imveliso ye-asphalt eguqulwe yi-polymer kwaye kutheni ulawulo lomgangatho lubalulekile?
Imveliso ye-asphalt eguqulweyo nge-polymer ibandakanya ii-polymers zokwenziwa kwii-asphalt binders ukuphucula iimpawu ezifana nokumelana ne-rutting, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwale nkqubo kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo wokuxuba olawulwa ngononophelo, amaxesha okuxuba, kunye neeprofayili zobushushu. Ulawulo lomgangatho lubalulekile—ukujonga iiparameters ezifana ne-viscosity kunye noxinano ngeemitha ezingaphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-polymers zisasazwa ngokulinganayo, kuthintela ukwahlukana kwesigaba, kwaye kwenza ukuba imveliso ephindaphindwayo nesemgangathweni ophezulu ikwazi ukuphinda ivele. Ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa komgangatho okungqongqo, iindlela zokuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer zinokubangela ukusebenza okungahambelaniyo kwe-binder kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphila kweendlela.
Kutheni ulawulo loxinano lwe-asphalt lubalulekile kwaye lufezekiswa njani?
Ukugcina uxinano olufanelekileyo lwe-asphalt kubalulekile ekuqineni kwendlela. I-asphalt exineneyo ngendlela engafanelekanga ibeka emngciphekweni wokuqhekeka kwangaphambi kwexesha, ukuqhekeka, kunye nobomi benkonzo obuncitshisiweyo. Iitekhnoloji ezifana neemitha zoxinano lwe-ultrasonic zibonelela ngokulinganisa okuchanekileyo, ngexesha langempela, okuvumela uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo ngexesha lokuveliswa. Le ndlela engonakalisiyo idityaniswe kwiindlela zanamhlanje zokulawula uxinano lwe-asphalt, inika abaqhubi idatha efunekayo ukugcina umgangatho ohambelanayo kunye noxinano, okuhambelana nemigangatho eqinileyo yoshishino. Umzekelo, iimitha zoxinano ezingaphakathi kwe-Lonnmeter zibonelela ngokulinganisa uxinano lwe-ultrasonic oluqinileyo kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa i-asphalt, zibonelela ngengqiqo enokwenzeka kwimizuzwana embalwa.
Yintoni ebangela ukuvaleka kwemibhobho ye-asphalt kwaye ingathintelwa njani?
Ukuvaleka kuvela ekunyukeni kwe-viscosity ngequbuliso, ukuhambelana okungaguqukiyo kwe-feedstock, okanye ukwehla kobushushu okubangela ukufakwa kwe-asphaltene kunye ne-wax ngaphakathi kwimibhobho. Iimodifier ezixutywe kakubi okanye ukufudumeza okunganelanga nako kwandisa umngcipheko. Ukuthintela kuqala ngamaqondo obushushu azinzileyo, iindlela zokuxuba ezithembekileyo, kunye nokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela ngeemitha zoxinano oluphakathi. Ukulinganiswa rhoqo kwezixhobo kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zokukhusela kunciphisa iindawo ezishushu okanye iipokotho ezibandayo. Umzekelo, ukubeka esweni iindlela zokulawula i-asphalt viscosity ngexesha langempela kuvumela ukulungiswa kwangoko, ukunciphisa amathuba okuvaleka kwemibhobho kunye nokugcina ukuhamba okugudileyo kokuhamba-isitshixo sokuthintela ukuvaleka kwemibhobho yanamhlanje kwimibhobho ye-asphalt.
Ukuhambelana kwe-feedstock kuyichaphazela njani uzinzo lwenkqubo ekuguqulweni kwe-asphalt?
Ukuhambelana kwe-feedstock kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono uzinzo lwenkqubo ye-asphalt. I-base binder ehambelanayo isabela ngokufanayo nee-polymers okanye izongezo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuxubana okufanayo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokwahlulwa kwesigaba. I-feedstocks ezingahambelaniyo zinokuvelisa ukusasazeka okungalinganiyo, ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-viscosity, kunye nomngcipheko owandisiweyo wokuvaleka okanye iipropati ze-mechanical ezingalinganiyo. Uvavanyo lokuhambelana kwe-asphalt feedstock lwenziwa ngohlalutyo lwe-rheological kunye ne-molecular ukuvavanya amandla okusebenzisana. Eli nyathelo libalulekile kwimveliso ye-asphalt eguqulweyo ye-polymer ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwendlela yexesha elide kunye nokuthembeka kwemveliso.
Iyintoni indima yeemitha zoxinano lwe-ultrasonic ekucutshungulweni kwe-asphalt?
Iimitha zoxinano lwe-ultrasonic zibalulekile ekwenzeni i-asphalt ukuze kulinganiswe uxinano oluqhubekayo nolungaphakathi. Ezi zixhobo zikhupha ii-pulses ze-ultrasonic kumjelo we-asphalt kwaye zibala uxinano olusekelwe kwisantya sokusasazeka kwamaza, zihambelana nokuxinana kwezinto kunye ne-viscosity. Impendulo yazo yexesha langempela ivumela ulawulo oluqinileyo kuxinano lwe-asphalt, inceda abaqhubi ukuba babone ukuphambuka kwangoko. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezi mitha, kuquka nezo zivela eLonnmeter, kuphucula ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho, kunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto, kwaye kuphucula ukuthotyelwa kweendlela zokulawula uxinano lwe-asphalt. Imitha yoxinano lwe-ultrasonic yokucubungula i-asphalt sisisombululo esiqinisekisiweyo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu okufunekayo kushishino lweendlela zanamhlanje.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-16-2025
