I. Ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule kwiinkqubo zeWax yeParaffin enyibilikisiweyo
1.1 Ukubeka iliso kwi-Viscosity ngexesha langempela: Undoqo woLawulo lweNkqubo
Ukuveliswa kwe-paraffin wax kubandakanya ukulawula imeko ebonakalayo yomxube ontsonkothileyo wee-hydrocarbon fractions ezigcweleyo. Umngeni ophambili kukulawula utshintsho ukusuka kwimeko enyibilikisiweyo ukuya kwimeko eqinileyo, ebonakaliswa kukuqala kwe-crystallization njengoko ubushushu bolwelo buhla ngaphantsi kwe-cloud point yalo. Ukuqina kusebenza njengophawu olubalulekileyo, lwexesha langempela lolu tshintsho kwaye lolona lulinganiselo oluthe ngqo lwemeko kunye nokuhambelana kolwelo.
Ukubeka iliso kwi-viscosity ngexesha langempela kunyeI-viscometer yeLonnmeterInika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo kuneendlela zemveli zokuthatha iisampulu ngesandla. Ukuthatha iisampulu ngesandla kunika umfanekiso wembali wenkqubo kwaye kwazisa ukubambezeleka kwexesha okukhulu, iimpazamo zomntu, kunye nemingcipheko yokhuseleko xa kujongwana nolwelo olushushu noluxinezelekileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-viscometer yeLonnmeter inika umlambo wedatha oqhubekayo, ovumela indlela yokulawula esebenzayo nechanekileyo.
Isicelo esiphambili siukumisela isiphelo sempenduloKwiinkqubo ze-polymerization okanye zokuxuba, i-viscosity yomxube iyanda njengoko ii-molecular chains zikhula ngobude kunye ne-cross-link. Ngokujonga iprofayili ye-viscosity ngexesha langempela, i-viscometer ye-Lonnmeter inokubona umzuzu ochanekileyo ekufikelelwe kuwo i-viscosity ekujoliswe kuyo, ibonise ukuphela kwempendulo. Oku kuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo ukusuka kwi-batch ukuya kwi-batch kwaye kubalulekile ekuthinteleni iimpendulo ezingaqhelekanga okanye ukuqina okungafunekiyo kwemveliso ngaphakathi kwi-reactor.
Ngaphezu koko, i-viscometer yeLonnmeter iluncedo kakhuluulawulo lwekristale. Iimpawu ze-rheological zeparafini enyibilikisiweyo zinobuthathaka kakhulu kubushushu. Utshintsho lobushushu lwe-1°C kuphela lunokutshintsha i-viscometer ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10%. Ukujongana nale nto, i-viscometer yeLonnmeter ibandakanya i-sensor yobushushu eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Olu phawu lubaluleke kakhulu njengoko luvumela inkqubo yolawulo ukuba ifumane ukufundwa kwe-viscometer ehlawulelwayo kubushushu. Inkqubo inokwahlula phakathi kotshintsho kwi-viscometer olubangelwa kukuguquguquka kobushushu okulula kunye notshintsho lokwenyani kwimeko ye-molecular yeparafini, njengokwakheka kokuqala kweekristale ze-wax. Olu mahluko lubalulekile kwinkqubo yolawulo ukuba yenze izigqibo ezikrelekrele, njengokuguqula izinga lokupholisa ukugcina ulwelo lungaphezulu nje kwendawo yalo yelifu ngaphandle kokubangela ukuqina kunye nokubekwa kwiindonga zepayipi.
1.2 Ukubeka esweni uxinano lweMijelo eNcedisayo: Isiqinisekiso "soLwelo oluBinary"
Nangona i-LONNMETER600-4 densimeter ikwazi ngobuchwephesha ukulinganisa uxinano lwalo naluphi na ulwelo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwimveliso ye-paraffin wax enyibilikisiweyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kufanelekile kwiinkqubo ezithile zokuncedisa. Isitshixo sale nkqubo yokusetyenziswa kukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimeko apho uxinano lubonelela ngomlinganiselo othe ngqo nongacacanga wenguquko yenkqubo enye ebalulekileyo.
I-viscosity ephantsi kakhulu ye-densimeter ye-2000 cP ithetha ukuba ayisosixhobo esifanelekileyo somgca wenkqubo yeparafini ephezulu ene-viscosity ephezulu, kodwa lo mda yiwo kanye oyenza ifaneleke kwezinye ii-streams ezingena-viscous.
Enye yezicelo ezinjalo yileukujonga ubumsulwa bezinto eziluhlazaNgaphambi kokuba i-paraffin feed ingene kwi-reactor ephambili, i-LONNMETER600-4 ingasetyenziselwa ukujonga uxinano lwayo. Ukuphambuka kuxinano olulindelekileyo lwezinto ezikrwada kuya kubonisa ukuba kukho ukungcola okanye ukungangqinelani kwi-feed, nto leyo evumela iinjineli zenkqubo ukuba zithathe amanyathelo okulungisa ngaphambi kokuba kucutshungulwe ibhetshi embi.
Isicelo sesibini, esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu sikwiukuxuba okongeziweyoIinkqubo zeparafini zihlala zifuna ukufakwa kwezithako zeekhemikhali, ezifana nezithomalalisi ze-pour point (PPD) kunye nezithomalalisi ze-viscosity, ukuthintela ukwakheka kwekristale kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zokuhamba. Ezi zithako zihlala zibonelelwa kwisinyibilikisi, zenze inkqubo yolwelo oluyi-binary elula, echazwe kakuhle. Kule meko ithile, uxinano lomxube luhambelana ngokuthe ngqo noxinzelelo lwezithako.I-LONNMETERimitha yoxinano olusemgceniUkuchaneka okuphezulu kwe-±0.003 g/cm³ kuvumela ukujonga ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhawuleza olu xinzelelo. Oku kwenza inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo ilawule ukuhamba kwesithako ngokuthembeka okuphezulu, iqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ineempawu zeekhemikhali ezifunekayo ngaphandle kokuchitha izinto ezibizayo. Olu setyenziso lujoliswe kulo lubonisa ukuqonda okunzulu kwamandla obu buchwephesha kunye nendima yalo njengesixhobo sobuchule sokulawula umgangatho kwindawo yemveliso enzima.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Emulsions ye-Paraffin Wax
IIImigaqo esisiseko yokulinganisa ulwelo oludlidlizayo
2.1 Ifiziksi yeILonnmeterI-Vibrating Viscometry
I-viscometer ye-LONN-ND ekwi-intanethi yeLonnmeter isebenza ngokomgaqo we-vibrating viscometry, indlela eqinileyo nethembekileyo yohlalutyo lolwelo ngexesha langempela. Isiseko sale teknoloji siquka into eqinileyo, efana nenduku, eyenzelwe ukujika ijikeleze i-axial kwi-frequency emiselweyo. Xa le nto intywiliselwa kulwelo, intshukumo yayo ivelisa amandla okucheba kwindawo ejikelezileyo. Le ntshukumo yokucheba idala ukurhuqa okuxineneyo, okususa amandla kwi-element edlidlizayo. Ubukhulu bokulahleka kwamandla buhambelana ngokuthe ngqo ne-viscosity kunye noxinano lolwelo.
Inkqubo yeLonnmeter ixhotyiswe ngesekethe ye-elektroniki ephucukileyo ehlala ijonga amandla alahlekayo kulwelo. Ukuze kugcinwe i-amplitude yokungcangcazela engaguqukiyo, inkqubo kufuneka ihlawulele le nkunkuma yamandla ngokubonelela ngesixa esilinganayo samandla. Amandla afunekayo ukugcina le amplitude engaguqukiyo alinganiswa yi-microprocessor, ethi emva koko iguqulele isignali eluhlaza ibe kukufundwa kwe-viscosity. Ubudlelwane bulula kwincwadi yemiyalelo njenge-μ=λδ, apho i-μ yi-viscosity yolwelo, i-λ yi-dimensional instrument coefficient ephuma kwi-calibration, kwaye i-δ imele i-vibration decay coefficient. Nangona kunjalo, le fomula imele imodeli elula. Amandla okwenyani kunye nokuchaneka kwesixhobo, okuchazwe kwi-±2% ukuya kwi-±5%, kuvela kwii-algorithms zaso zangaphakathi zokucubungula isignali kunye ne-curve enzima, engeyiyo emgceni. Olu hlaziyo lwesignali oluphambili luvumela isixhobo ukuba sinike imilinganiselo echanekileyo nakwii-fluids ezingezizo zeNewtonian, ezibonisa utshintsho lwe-viscosity ngokusekelwe kwisantya sokucheba. Ubulula boyilo—olungenazo iindawo ezishukumayo, izitywini, okanye iibheringi—lwenza ukuba lufaneleke kakhulu kwiindawo zoshishino ezifuna ubushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nethuba lokuba ulwelo luqine okanye luqulathe ukungcola.
1.2 Umgaqo oQondayo we-Tuning Fork Densitometry:I-LONNMETER600-4
I-densimeter ye-LONNMETER isebenzisa umgaqo we-vibrating tuning fork ukumisela uxinano lolwelo. Esi sixhobo siqulathe i-tuning fork element enamacala amabini eqhutywa kwi-resonance yi-piezoelectric crystal. Xa i-tuning fork ingcangcazela kwi-vacuum okanye emoyeni, yenza njalo nge-resonant frequency yayo yendalo. Nangona kunjalo, xa intywiliselwa kulwelo, i-medium ejikelezileyo ingenisa ubunzima obongezelelweyo kwinkqubo. Le meko, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-added mass, ibangela ukuncipha kwe-resonant frequency ye-fork. Utshintsho kwi-frequency ngumsebenzi othe ngqo we-density yolwelo olujikeleze i-fork.
Inkqubo yeLonnmeter ilinganisa ngokuchanekileyo olu tshintsho lwefrikhwensi, oluthi emva koko ludityaniswe noxinano lolwelo ngobudlelwane obulinganisiweyo. Amandla e-sensor okubonelela ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo, ngokuchanekileyo kwe-±0.003 g/cm³, sisiphumo esithe ngqo solu phawu lwefrikhwensi oluhambelanayo. Ngelixa umgaqo we-physical we-tuning fork densimeters uvumela uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kubandakanya ukulinganisa uxinano lwe-slurries kunye neegesi, umbuzo womsebenzisi ugxininisa isicelo esithile senkqubo "ye-binary liquid kuphela". Oku kuphikisana okubonakalayo phakathi kobuchule betekhnoloji kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okucetywayo yinto ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. I-tuning fork densimeter ayikhawulelwanga ngokwasemzimbeni kwi-binary liquids. Kunoko, ukusetyenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo kwinkqubo enzima, enamacandelo amaninzi njengokuveliswa kwe-paraffin wax enyibilikisiweyo kwenziwa ngcono xa ixabiso elinye loxinano linokunxibelelana ngokuthembekileyo ne-single, critical process variable. Oku kuhlala kunjalo kwinkqubo elula ye-binary apho uxinano lusebenza njengommeleli woxinzelelo. Kumxube we-hydrocarbon ontsonkothileyo njengeparafini enyibilikisiweyo, ukufundwa koxinano olunye akunamsebenzi ungako, nto leyo eyenza i-Lonnmeter LONN-ND viscometer ibe sisixhobo esifanelekileyo somjelo wenkqubo ephambili. I-densimeter, ngokuchaseneyo, ifumana ixabiso layo eliphezulu nelifanelekileyo kwimijelo encedisayo nengantsonkothanga kangako.
1.3 Iinkcukacha zeSixhobo kunye neeParameters zokuSebenza: Uhlalutyo lokuThelekisa
Uthelekiso olupheleleyo lweLonnmeter LONN-ND viscometer kunye neLONN600-4 densimeter zityhila ii-envelopes zazo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo kwaye zigxininisa iindima zazo ezihambelanayo kwimeko yemveliso enzima. Le theyibhile ilandelayo idibanisa iinkcukacha zobugcisa eziphambili, ithatha kumaxwebhu anikiweyo.
| Ipharamitha | I-Viscometer LONN-ND | I-Densimeter LONN600-4 |
| Umgaqo woLinganiselo | Intonga edlidlizayo (Ukudambisa okubangelwa yiShear) | Isandi seForoko yokuLungisa |
| Uluhlu Lokulinganisa | 1-1,000,000 cP | 0-2 g/cm³ |
| Ukuchaneka | ±2% ukuya ku-±5% | ±0.003 g/cm³ |
| Ubuninzi bokuxinana | Akukho (Iphatha ukuxinana okuphezulu) | <2000 cP |
| Ubushushu bokusebenza | 0-120°C (Eqhelekileyo) / 130-350°C (Ubushushu obuphezulu) | -10-120°C |
| Uxinzelelo Lokusebenza | <4.0 MPa | <1.0 MPa |
| Izinto ezimanzi | 316, Teflon, Hastelloy | 316, Teflon, Hastelloy |
| Isignali yesiphumo | 4-20mADC, RS485 Modbus RTU | 4-20mADC |
| Uvavanyo oluQinisekisa ukuQhushulwa | I-Ex dIIBT6 | I-Ex dIIBT6 |
Idatha engentla igxininisa umahluko obalulekileyo wobuchwephesha olawula ukusetyenziswa kwesicwangciso-qhinga sesixhobo ngasinye. Amandla e-LONN-ND viscometer okusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu nokusingatha ukuxinana okuphezulu kakhulu kwenza kube lukhetho oluqinisekileyo lomgca oyintloko wenkqubo ye-paraffin wax enyibilikisiweyo. Olu lwazi lobuchwephesha luqinisa isigqibo sobuchule sokusebenzisa i-densimeter kuphela kwimithombo yokuncedisa, ene-viscosity ephantsi.
III. Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kunye neeNkqubo zoLawulo lweMizi-mveliso
3.1 IiLonnmeter Data Interfaces: 4-20mA kunye neRS485 Modbus
Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwezixhobo zeLonnmeter kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwemizi-mveliso zanamhlanje linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwisicwangciso esiphumelelayo sokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo. Zombini iLONNIMITA-ND viscometer kunye neLONNIMITAI-600-4 densimeter ibonelela ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili zonxibelelwano lwedatha: imveliso ye-analog yendabuko ye-4-20mADC kunye ne-RS485 digital Modbus RTU protocol ephucukileyo.
Isignali ye-4-20mADC ngumgangatho oqinileyo noqondwa kakuhle weshishini. Ilungele uqhagamshelo oluthe ngqo kwisilawuli se-PID okanye imodyuli yokufaka i-analog ye-PLC. Umda wayo ophambili kukuba inokudlulisa ixabiso lenkqubo enye kuphela, njenge-viscosity okanye i-density, ngexesha. Olu lula luluncedo kwiiluphu zolawulo ezithe ngqo kodwa luthintela ubutyebi bomjelo wedatha.
I-RS485 Modbus RTU interface inikezela ngesisombululo esibanzi ngakumbi. Iincwadana zeLonnmeter zichaza i-Modbus protocol. Le protocol yedijithali ivumela isixhobo esinye ukuba sinike amanqaku edatha amaninzi ngaxeshanye, njengokufundwa kwe-viscosity ehlawulelwayo kubushushu kunye nobushushu bolwelo, ukusuka kwisixhobo esinye.
3.2 Iindlela ezilungileyo zokudibanisa i-DCS, i-SCADA, kunye ne-MES
Ukudibanisa izixhobo zeLonnmeter kwinkqubo yolawulo olusasazwe (i-DCS), ulawulo lolawulo kunye nokufunyanwa kwedatha (i-SCADA), okanye inkqubo yokwenza imveliso (i-MES) kufuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo, enamaleko amaninzi.
Umaleko wehardware:Uqhagamshelo olubonakalayo kufuneka lube lomelele kwaye lukhuselekile. Iincwadi zesikhokelo zeLonnmeter zicebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe iintambo ezikhuselweyo kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba umhlaba uphantsi ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuphazamiseka kwesignali, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezikufutshane neemoto ezinamandla aphezulu okanye ii-frequency converters.
Umaleko weLogic:Kwi-PLC okanye kwi-DCS, idatha ye-sensor eluhlaza kufuneka idweliswe ukuze icwangciswe ii-variables. Kwisignali ye-4-20mA, oku kubandakanya ukukhulisa igalelo le-analog kwiiyunithi zobunjineli ezifanelekileyo. Kwi-Modbus, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe imodyuli yonxibelelwano ye-serial ye-PLC ukuthumela iikhowudi zomsebenzi ezichanekileyo kwiidilesi zerejista ezichaziweyo, ukufumana idatha eluhlaza, uze uyiguqulele kwifomathi echanekileyo ye-floating-point. Olu layer lunoxanduva lokuqinisekiswa kwedatha, ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezingaphandle, kunye ne-basic control logic.
Umaleko woMboniso:Inkqubo ye-SCADA okanye ye-MES isebenza njengojongano lomntu nomatshini (i-HMI), inika abaqhubi ulwazi olusebenzisekayo. Oku kubandakanya ukudala izikrini ezibonisa idatha yesensa yexesha langempela, idatha yembali ethandwayo, kunye nokumisela ii-alamu zeparameters zenkqubo ebalulekileyo. Idatha yexesha langempela evela kwizixhobo zeLonnmeter iguqula umbono womqhubi ukusuka kwimbono esabelayo, yembali ukuya kweyokwenza izinto ngokukhawuleza, yexesha langempela, ebavumela ukuba benze izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi kwaye baphendule kwiingxaki zenkqubo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
Umceli mngeni ophambili ekudibaneni nguloingxolo yombane, nto leyo enokuchaphazela ukuthembeka kwesiginali. Incwadi yemiyalelo yeLonnmeter ilumkisa ngokucacileyo ngale nto kwaye icebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe iintambo ezikhuselweyo. Omnye umceli mngeni ngulo
ukulibaziseka kwedathakwiinethiwekhi zeModbus ezintsonkothileyo. Nangona ixesha lokuphendula leLonnmeter likhawuleza, ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi inokungenisa ukulibaziseka. Ukubeka phambili iipakethi zedatha ezibalulekileyo kwinethiwekhi kunokunciphisa le ngxaki kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba ii-loops zolawulo ezijongana nexesha zifumana idatha ngokukhawuleza.
3.3 Ukunyaniseka kweDatha kunye nokuFumaneka kwayo ngexesha langempela
Ixabiso leteknoloji yokubeka esweni kwi-intanethi yeLonnmeter lidibene ngokuyintloko nokuthembeka kunye nokufumaneka kwedatha yayo. Ukuthatha iisampulu ngesandla kwendabuko kubonelela kuphela ngothotho lwee-snapshots zembali ezingaguqukiyo zemeko yenkqubo. Olu tshintsho lwexesha oluqhelekileyo lwenza kube nzima ukulawula inkqubo eguqukayo ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ludla ngokukhokelela kumgangatho wemveliso ongaguqukiyo, i-endpoints yempendulo ephosakeleyo, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kokusebenza.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amandla e-viscometer yeLonnmeter okubonelela ngomsinga wedatha oqhubekayo, wexesha langempela aguqula indlela yokulawula ukusuka kwi-reactive ukuya kwi-proactive. Ixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwesixhobo livumela ukuba sibambe utshintsho oluguquguqukayo kwiimpawu zolwelo njengoko zisenzeka. Le "movie" eqhubekayo yemeko yenkqubo, endaweni yothotho "lweefoto" ezingadibaniyo, yimfuneko esisiseko yokusebenzisa amaqhinga olawulo aphambili. Ngaphandle kwale datha ithembekileyo nephantsi, iingcamango ezifana nolawulo lokuqikelela okanye i-PID autotuning ayinakwenzeka ngobuchwephesha. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yeLonnmeter ayisebenzi nje njengesixhobo sokulinganisa kodwa njengomboneleli wedatha obalulekileyo ophakamisa yonke inkqubo yemveliso ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha lokuzenzekelayo kunye nolawulo.
IV. Ukusebenzisa idatha yexesha langempela ukuze kulawulwe iinkqubo eziphucukileyo
4.1 Ukuphuculwa koLawulo lwe-PID ngeDatha yeXesha langempela
Ukusetyenziswa kwedatha ye-Lonnmeter's real-time density kunye ne-viscosity kunokwenza ngcono kakhulu ii-conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control loops. Abalawuli be-PID basisiseko se-industrial automation, besebenza ngokubala rhoqo ixabiso lempazamo njengomahluko phakathi kwe-setpoint efunekayo kunye ne-measured process variable. Emva koko i-controller isebenzisa ulungiso olusekelwe kwi-proportional, integral, kunye ne-derivative terms ukunciphisa le mpazamo.
Njengoko i-viscosity yexesha langempela iyinto ephambili yokuphendula, i-PID loop inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo izinga lokuphola kwinkqubo yeparafini enyibilikisiweyo. Njengoko ulwelo luqala ukuphola kwaye i-viscosity yalo iyanda, isilawuli sinokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi okupholisa ukuze sigcine i-viscosity kwindawo ebekiweyo kwangaphambili, ngaloo ndlela sithintele ukwakheka kwekristale okungalawulwayo kunye nokuqina ngaphakathi kwemibhobho.7Ngokufanayo, kwinkqubo yokudibanisa okuncedisayo, i-PID loop ingasebenzisa idatha yoxinano lwexesha langempela ukulawula isantya sokuhamba kwesongezelelo, ukuqinisekisa uxinano oluchanekileyo noluhambelanayo.
Isicelo esiphucukileyo ngakumbi sibandakanyaUkulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-PID. Umzila wedatha oqhubekayo weLonnmeter uvumela umlawuli ukuba enze uvavanyo oluzilawulayo, okanye uvavanyo lwenyathelo, kwinkqubo. Ngokwenza utshintsho oluncinci, olulawulwayo kwimveliso (umz., ukuhamba kwamanzi okupholisa) kunye nokuhlalutya impendulo yenkqubo (umz., utshintsho kwi-viscosity kunye nokulibaziseka kwexesha), i-PID autotuner inokubala ngokuzenzekelayo iinzuzo ze-P, I, kunye ne-D ezifanelekileyo kuloo meko yenkqubo ethile. Olu buchule lususa isidingo sokulungiswa ngesandla, okuthatha ixesha "ukuqikelela nokujonga", okwenza i-control loop ibe namandla ngakumbi kwaye iphendule kwiingxaki zenkqubo.
4.2 Ulawulo Oluqikelelayo Noluhlengahlengisiweyo Lokuzinzisa Inkqubo
Ngaphaya kolawulo lwe-PID oluzinzileyo, idatha yoxinano lwexesha langempela kunye ne-viscosity ingasetyenziselwa ukuphumeza amaqhinga olawulo antsonkothileyo, njengolawulo oluhambelanayo noluqikelelayo.
Ulawulo oluhlengahlengiswayoyindlela yokulawula etshintsha ngokuguquguqukayo iiparameter zolawulo (umz., iinzuzo ze-PID) ngexesha langempela ukuze kulungiswe utshintsho kwi-dynamics yenkqubo. Kwinkqubo yeparafini enyibilikisiweyo, iipropati ze-rheological zolwelo zitshintsha kakhulu ngobushushu, ukwakheka, kunye nesantya sokucheba. Isilawuli esiguquguqukayo, esondliwe yidatha eqhubekayo yeLonnmeter, sinokubona olu tshintsho kwaye silungise ngokuzenzekelayo iinzuzo zaso ukuze sigcine ulawulo oluzinzileyo kulo lonke iqela, ukusuka kwimeko yokuqala eshushu, ephantsi kwe-viscosity ukuya kwimveliso yokugqibela epholileyo, ene-viscosity ephezulu.
Ulawulo Lokuqikelela Lwemodeli (MPC)imele utshintsho ukusuka kulawulo olusebenzayo ukuya kulawulo olusebenzayo. Inkqubo ye-MPC isebenzisa imodeli yezibalo yenkqubo ukuqikelela indlela eza kwenzeka ngayo inkqubo kwixesha elizayo "kwi-horizon yokuqikelela". Isebenzisa idatha yexesha langempela evela kwi-viscometer ye-Lonnmeter kunye ne-densimeter (i-viscosity, ubushushu, kunye noxinano), i-MPC inokuqikelela iziphumo zezenzo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo. Umzekelo, inokuqikelela ukuqala kwe-crystallization ngokusekelwe kwisantya sokupholisa kunye nomkhwa we-viscosity wangoku. Umlawuli unokulungisa iinguqu ezininzi, ezifana nokuhamba kwamanzi okupholisa, ubushushu bejakethi, kunye nesantya se-agitator, ukugcina i-curve echanekileyo yokupholisa, ngaloo ndlela ithintela ukuqina kwemveliso okanye ukuqinisekisa isakhiwo esithile se-crystalline kwimveliso yokugqibela. Oku kususa i-paradigm yolawulo ekubeni isabela kwiingxaki ukuya ekuzilindeleni nasekuzilawuleni ngokukhutheleyo.
4.3 Ukwenziwa ngcono okuqhutywa yidatha
Ixabiso lomthombo wedatha weLonnmeter wexesha langempela lidlula kude ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwangoko kwiiluphu zolawulo. Le datha ikumgangatho ophezulu, eqhubekayo inokuqokelelwa kwaye ihlalutywe ngokwembali ukuze kuphuhliswe ukuqonda okunzulu kwendlela yokusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nokuvula amathuba okuphucula okuqhutywa yidatha.
Idatha edityanisiweyo ingasetyenziselwa ukuqeqeshaiimodeli zokufunda koomatshiningeenjongo zokuqikelela. Imodeli ingaqeqeshwa kwi-viscosity yembali kunye nedatha yobushushu ukuqikelela umgangatho wokugqibela webhetshi, kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka ekuhlolweni komgangatho emva kokuveliswa okubizayo nokuthatha ixesha. Ngokufanayo, imodeli yolondolozo oluqikelelayo inokwakhiwa ngokunxulumanisa iindlela zedatha yesenzi kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo. Umzekelo, ukunyuka kancinci kancinci kodwa okuqhubekayo kwi-viscosity kwindawo ethile kwinkqubo kunokuba luphawu oluphambili lwepompo esondela ekusileleni, okuvumela ukugcinwa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukucima okubizayo.
Ngaphezu koko, uhlalutyo oluqhutywa yidatha lunokukhokelela ekuphuculeni okukhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto. Ngokuhlalutya idatha evela kwiibhetshi ezininzi, iinjineli zenkqubo zinokuchonga ubudlelwane obuncinci phakathi kweeparamitha zolawulo kunye neempawu zokugqibela zemveliso. Oku kubavumela ukuba balungise iindawo ezimiselweyo kwaye baphucule idosi eyongezelelweyo, banciphise inkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngelixa beqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo.
V. Iindlela ezilungileyo zokufakela, ukulinganisa, kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elide
5.1 Iinkqubo zoFakelo oluqinileyo kwiindawo ezinengxaki
Ukufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zeLonnmeter kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni imilinganiselo echanekileyo nethembekileyo kwindawo enzima yeparafini enyibilikisiweyo. Ukuthambekela kolwelo ekuqineni nasekunamatheleni kwiindawo ezishushu ezingaphantsi kwendawo yalo yamafu kufuna indlela ecocekileyo.
Ingqwalasela ebalulekileyo kwi-viscometer ye-LONN-ND kukuqinisekisa ukuba into esebenzayo yokuva ihlala iphantsi kwamanzi anyibilikisiweyo ngamaxesha onke. Kwii-reactors kunye neenqanawa ezinkulu, ukhetho lwe-probe olude lwe-Lonnmeter, oluqala kwi-550mm ukuya kwi-2000mm, lwenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuhlangabezana nale mfuneko, luvumela incam yesensa ukuba ibekwe nzulu ngaphakathi kolwelo, kude namanqanaba olwelo atshintshatshintshayo. Indawo yokufakela kufuneka ibe yindawo enokuhamba kolwelo okufanayo, kuthintelwe iindawo ezimileyo okanye iindawo apho amaqamza omoya anokungena khona, njengoko ezi meko zinokukhokelela ekufundweni okungachanekanga. Kufakelo lwemibhobho, kucetyiswa ulungiselelo lombhobho othe tye okanye othe nkqo, kunye ne-sensor probe ebekwe ukulinganisa ukuhamba kolwelo oluphambili endaweni yolwelo oluhamba kancinci eludongeni lombhobho.
Kuzo zombini izixhobo, ukusebenzisa iindlela zokufaka iflange ezicetyiswayo (DN50 okanye DN80) kuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo nolungenaxinzelelo kwiinqanawa zeprosesa kunye nemibhobho.
5.2 Iindlela zoLungiso oluchanekileyo lweeViscometers kunye neeDensitometers
Nangona uyilo lwazo lomelele, ukuchaneka kwezixhobo zombini kuxhomekeke ekulinganisweni rhoqo nangokuchanekileyo.
Ii-viscometerInkqubo yokulinganisa, njengoko kuchaziwe kwincwadi yemiyalelo, ibandakanya ukusebenzisa ioyile ye-silicone eqhelekileyo njengolwelo olubhekisa kuyo. Le nkqubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ukulungiselela:Khetha umgangatho we-viscosity oqinisekisiweyo omele uluhlu lwe-viscosity olulindelekileyo lolwelo.
Ulawulo lobushushu:Qinisekisa ukuba ulwelo oluqhelekileyo kunye nesensor zikwiqondo lobushushu elizinzileyo nelilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ubushushu buyinto ephambili kwi-viscosity, ngoko ke ukulingana kobushushu kubalulekile.
Uzinzo:Vumela ukufundwa kwesixhobo kuzinze ngokuhamba kwexesha, uqinisekise ukuba asiguquguquki ngaphezu kweshumi ezimbalwa zeyunithi, ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke.
Uqinisekiso:Thelekisa ukufundwa kwesixhobo nexabiso eliqinisekisiweyo lolwelo oluqhelekileyo kwaye ulungise useto lokulinganisa njengoko kufuneka.
Ukwenzela ii-densimeter, le ncwadana ibonelela ngomlinganiselo olula we-zero-point usebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo. Nangona olu luvavanyo olulula kwindawo, kwizicelo ezichanekileyo, umlinganiselo we-multi-point usebenzisa izixhobo zesalathiso eziqinisekisiweyo ezinobunzima obufikelela kuluhlu olulindelekileyo lokusebenza yindlela eyomeleleyo ngakumbi.
Kwindawo enyibilikisiweyo yeparafini, ukwakheka kwewax kumphezulu wesenzi kunokongeza ubunzima kwaye kutshintshe iimpawu zokungcangcazela, okubangela ukujika kancinci kancinci ekuchanekeni kokulinganisa. Oku kufuna ukujonga ukulinganiswa rhoqo kunakwindawo engangcolisiyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha ixesha elide.
5.3 Ukugcinwa Kokuthintela kunye Nokusombulula Iingxaki Zokuphila Ixesha Elide
Uyilo lweLonnmeter, olungenazo iindawo ezishukumayo, izitywini, okanye iibheringi, lunciphisa ukugcinwa koomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, imingeni eyahlukileyo ebangelwa yiwax yeparafini enyibilikisiweyo ifuna icebo elikhethekileyo lokukhusela.
Uhlolo oluQhelekileyo kunye noCoceko:Owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo wokulungisa kukuhlola rhoqo nokucoca i-sensor probe ukuze kususwe nayiphi na i-paraffin wax eqokelelweyo. Ukwakheka kwe-wax kunokuphazamisa kakhulu ukungcangcazela kwe-sensor, okukhokelela ekufundweni okungachanekanga okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-sensor. Kufuneka kwenziwe inkqubo yokucoca esemthethweni kwaye ilandelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu we-sensor awunazo naziphi na iintsalela.
Ukulungisa ingxaki:Iincwadana zibonelela ngesikhokelo kwimiba eqhelekileyo. Ukuba isixhobo asinayo i-display okanye i-output, amanyathelo okuqala okusombulula iingxaki kukujonga umbane, i-wiring, kunye nayo nayiphi na i-short circuits. Ukuba ukufundwa kwesiphumo akuzinzanga okanye kuyaphambuka kakhulu, izizathu ezinokubakho ziquka ukwakheka kwe-wax kwi-probe, ubukho bamaqamza amakhulu omoya kulwelo, okanye ukungcangcazela kwangaphandle okuchaphazela i-sensor. I-log yolondolozo ebhalwe kakuhle, kuquka zonke ii-surveys, imisebenzi yokucoca, kunye neerekhodi zokulinganisa, ibalulekile ekulandeleleni ukusebenza kwesixhobo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yomgangatho. Ngokuthatha indlela yokulungisa kunye nokujongana nemingeni ethile yendawo ye-wax yeparafini enyibilikisiweyo, izixhobo zeLonnmeter zinokubonelela ngedatha ethembekileyo nechanekileyo yeminyaka yokusebenza.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-22-2025
