Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluqhubekayo kubalulekileimveliso yeepateni zewaxyokwenziwa kwe-investment, ukuqinisekisa ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo olunemilinganiselo, ukuncipha okuqikelelweyo, kunye nokuthembeka komphezulu/kwangaphakathi—iimpawu ezitshintshela kwi-investment yokugqibela. Ukungahambelani koxinano kuvelisa iziphene ezifana namaqamza omoya, ukuzaliswa okungaphelelanga, okanye ukuncipha okungalinganiyo, okuya kuqhubeka kube ziziphene ezibizayo zokwenziwa kwe-investment ngezantsi. Ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kulawula ukwakheka kwe-wax, iiparameter ze-injection, kunye nokufana kwezinto, ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nokugcina ukuchaneka okufunekayo kwi-investment casting ethembekileyo.
Kutheni Umgangatho Wephethini Ye-Wax Ubalulekile
Isiseko senkqubo yotyalo-mali sixhomekeke ekuchanekeni kwenkqubo yokwenza iipateni zewax. Yonke imilinganiselo yokuphambuka, ukungapheleli komphezulu, okanye ukungangqinelani kwangaphakathi kwipateni yewax kudluliselwa ngqo kwi-casting yokugqibela. Utshintsho oluncinci kwi-wax density okanye ukuhambelana luyanda ngexesha lamanyathelo alandelayo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingozi zeziphene zokwenziwa ezifana nokushwabana, ukungazinzi kobukhulu, okanye amabala omphezulu.
IiWaxes zokuphosa utyalo-mali
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Ukuncipha kwepatheni yewax yeyona nto iphambili. Njengoko iwax enyibilikisiweyo iphola kwaye iqina kwimold, idlula kokuqiniswa okuthe ngqo kunye nokwevolumu. Ukuba uxinano lomxube wewax aluhambelani, olu xinano alunakuqikelelwa, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni ukuchaneka kobukhulu bepatheni yewax kwaye ekugqibeleni uzinzo lobukhulu kwi-casting yotyalo-mali. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukulawula uxinano lwewax—nokuba kongezwe izizalisi kunye neeresini ezenziwe ngokwezifiso—kunokunciphisa ukuncipha ngaphezulu kwe-4%, kuphucule kakhulu ukwenziwa kwepatheni yewax echanekileyo kakhulu esetyenziswa kwi-aerospace kunye ne-turbine castings.
Iingxaki zokugqitywa komphezulu ngomnye umngcipheko onxulunyaniswa nokuhambelana kwepateni yewax. Ii-voids, amaqamza, okanye ukufakwa kwamasuntswana angaphandle kwiwax kukhokelela ekufakweni kwemingxuma kumphezulu wangaphakathi wesikhunta. Ngenxa yoko, ukuthintela iziphene zokufaka utyalo-mali kugxile kakhulu kulawulo lomgangatho wepateni yewax ephezulu. Nokuba kuphuculo oluphambili lwenkqubo yokususa i-dewaxing, ukuba kukho iziphene zokuqala zokuncipha okanye iipatheni, iziphene ezifana nokuvalwa okubandayo, iindawo ezirhabaxa, okanye ukuzaliswa okungaphelelanga kunokuvela, okunyusa amazinga okulahlwa kunye neendleko.
Ukuhambelana kweepateni kuchaphazela uzinzo lobukhulu kuyo yonke inkqubo yotyalo-mali, kungekuphela nje ngexesha lokuqina kokuqala kodwa nangexesha lokuthuthwa, ukuphathwa, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwiiqela. Ukuba iipateni zewax zinamandla okanye uxinano olungafaniyo, ukuhlanganiswa kweqela kuba lula ukungalingani, ukugoba, kunye nokwaphuka, okwandisa umngcipheko weempazamo ezingaphezulu zobukhulu. Ukubeka esweni ngononophelo umgangatho wezinto kunye neeparamitha zokuphatha kwenza ulawulo oluqinileyo lomgangatho wezinto zotyalo-mali kwasekuqaleni.
Iintlobo zeWax, iiBlends, kunye neMiphumo yazo
Iindidi zeepateni zewax zenzelwe ngobuchule ukulinganisela ukungenwa, ukucocwa lula, kunye nokuzinza kwepateni egqityiweyo. Iwax yeparafini yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu; inika ukunyibilika ngexesha lokuphathwa kwewax enyibilikisiweyo ukuze iphoswe kwaye yenza umphezulu ongaphandle ogudileyo. Iimpawu zewax yeparafini—ingakumbi indawo yokunyibilika kunye nobumsulwa—zimisela ukubola kunye nolawulo lwesantya sokuncitshiswa kwiphoswe.
I-Stearic acid isebenza njenge-plasticizer, ithambisa iparafini kwaye ikhuthaza ukuguquguquka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Uhlalutyo oluphononongiweyo ngontanga lubonisa ukuba ukuphucula umlinganiselo we-paraffin wax ekubunjweni, oqhele ukuba kwi-1:1 ratio okanye kufutshane ne-stearic acid, kuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo zokubumba, ulawulo lokuncitshiswa, kunye nokuphuculwa kokugqitywa komphezulu wokubumba. Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo uyalungiswa ukuze uvumelane nesicelo: umxholo ophezulu weparafini wonyusa amandla kwaye unciphisa ubuthathaka bepateni kodwa unokubangela ukubila okanye imbuyekezo engaguqukiyo yobukhulu ukuba iphezulu kakhulu. Ukuphakamisa umlinganiselo we-stearic acid ngaphaya kweyona ifanelekileyo kuphucula ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu kodwa kunokunciphisa ukuqina komatshini wepateni. Umlinganiselo wobunzima we-1:1, ngakumbi xa iparafini ikwindawo ephezulu yokunyibilika (ngaphezulu kwama-60°C), ufunyaniswa ulungile kwiipateni ezininzi ze-wax zenjongo eqhelekileyo.
Izinto ezongeziweyo ezifana ne-beeswax, i-microcrystalline wax, okanye ii-polymers ezincinci zihlala zifakwa kwiingxube ukuze zilungelelanise iipateni ze-wax ngokweemfuno ezithile zokubumba. I-beeswax iphucula ukuqina kwayo kwaye iguqula iimpawu zokubumba; i-microcrystalline wax iphucula amandla kwaye inciphisa ubungakanani beenkozo, ivelisa umphezulu ocolekileyo. Kwiimeko ezifuna ukuncitshiswa okuphantsi kunye nokubumba okuphezulu, ingxube ye-multi-wax eneparafini (60%), i-beeswax (25%), i-microcrystalline (5%), kunye ne-carnauba (10%) zibonakalise ukuncitshiswa okuphantsi kunye nomgangatho womphezulu ophuculweyo.
Ubukho kunye nomlinganiselo wezongezo awuchaphazeli nje kuphela iimpawu zomzimba kodwa noomatshini—amandla epateni, ukunwebeka xa ivunwa, ukumelana nokuguquguquka kobushushu, kunye nokuhambelana kweekhemikhali ne-slurry ze-ceramic shell. Indlela echanekileyo yokwenza ithintela ukungaphumeleli kokuphathwa kweqela, inciphisa ukugqwetheka ngexesha lokubumba, kwaye iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqinileyo ukuya kuthi ga ekugqibeleni. Ukongeza, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu be-injection, amandla okubumba asetyenzisiweyo, kunye nexesha lokubamba zibaluleke kakhulu njengokukhetha i-wax ukugcina ukwenziwa kwepateni ye-wax echanekileyo.
Ukulungiswa komxube we-wax yinkqubo eqhutywa yidatha, ephindaphindayo. Utshintsho ngalunye lwezinto—nokuba lukwiimpawu ze-paraffin wax, i-stearic acid kwimixube ye-wax, okanye uhlobo lokongeza—lunokuchaphazela izinga lokuncipha kwepateni, ukwanda kobushushu, kwaye ekugqibeleni, iindlela zokuthintela iziphene ze-casting. Ukuzuza okubangelwa kukuchaneka kwepateni, ukunciphisa ukuncipha, kunye nokuphucula umphezulu kubalulekile kwi-ajenda ebanzi yokuthintela iziphene ze-casting yotyalo-mali kunye nokuphucula ukugqitywa komphezulu we-casting yotyalo-mali.
Ukubumba Ngenaliti Kwiipateni ZeWax: Izinto Eziqwalaselwayo Ngenkqubo
Iiparamitha zokubumba ngenaliti kunye neKhemistri yeWax
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lweukubumba ngenalitiIiparameter zibalulekile kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kweepateni zewax kunye nenkqubo yotyalo-mali iyonke. Ukuthembeka kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu beepateni zewax zokuphosa zichaphazeleka kakhulu bubushushu bokufaka, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuhamba kwezinto. Ukugcina ubushushu obuchanekileyo ngexesha lokujova kubaluleke kakhulu kwiipropati zewax yeparafini kunye neefomyula ezinezongezo ezifana ne-stearic acid, njengoko utshintsho lobushushu lunokutshintsha i-wax enyibilikisiweyo ngomyalelo wobukhulu. Ubushushu obuphantsi bunyusa ngokukhawuleza i-viscosity, okubangela ukuzaliswa kwesikhunta okungaphelelanga kunye neziphene zomphezulu, ngelixa ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokubangela ukuzaliswa kakhulu, uburhabaxa bomphezulu, okanye ukuncitshiswa okungafanelekanga.
Uxinzelelo ludlala indima embaxa: uxinzelelo olwaneleyo lokujova luqinisekisa ukuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwesikhunta, lubamba iinkcukacha ezincinci ezibalulekileyo ekwenzeni ipateni yewax echanekileyo, ngelixa uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lubeka emngciphekweni ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba—ukwakheka kwemingxuma kunye nemingxunya yangaphakathi. Ukulungisa isantya sokujova kuvumela abavelisi ukuba balinganisele ixesha lokuzalisa kunye nokuphindaphinda kweenkcukacha zepateni, okuchaphazela ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye namathuba otyalo-mali kwiziphene.
Ikhemistri ye-wax ibeka ngokubalulekileyo isiseko sokuziphatha kwenaliti. Utshintsho kwimilinganiselo ye-paraffin wax, umxholo we-microcrystalline, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-cross-linked polystyrene okanye i-terephthalic acid zitshintsha ngokuthe ngqo iprofayili ye-viscosity ye-melt. Umzekelo, umxholo ophezulu we-paraffin uhlala unciphisa i-viscosity, unceda ukuhamba kodwa unyusa umngcipheko weempawu zokusinki okanye ukuncipha okugqithisileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukongezwa kwezizalisi kunokunyusa i-viscosity kunye namandla oomatshini, kodwa, ukuba azisasazeki kakuhle, zinokunciphisa ukuhamba kunye nomgangatho womphezulu. Ukuphucula kukuphindaphinda kwaye kunxulumene kakhulu nempendulo yehlabathi lokwenyani; ukuphinda kujikeleziswe inkqubo yokufunda kwiindlela zokulungisa iiparameter kubalulekile kwimizamo yokuphucula utyalo-mali ngokucoca umphezulu.
Unxibelelwano phakathi kokwakheka komxube we-wax kunye neeparamitha zenkqubo luyabonakala: umzekelo, umxube ophezulu kwi-polyethylene udinga ukulinganiswa ngononophelo kobushushu bokufakwa kunye noxinzelelo ukuqinisekisa ukuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwesikhunta kunye nokugcina izinga lokuncipha ngaphakathi kwemida ekujoliswe kuyo. Ubungqina bovavanyo bubonisa ukuba ukulungiswa kwe-viscosity ngexesha langempela—okuhlangabezana ne-wax batch kunye neemeko zendalo—kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwepateni kunye nokunciphisa iziphene.
Ukubeka iliso kuxinano kunye nomgangatho wezinto ezibonakalayo
Ukulinganisa uxinano oluqhubekayo ngexesha lokubumba ipatheni ye-wax kuyimfuneko ukuze kulawulwe umgangatho wezinto ezisetyenziswa ekubumbeni utyalo-mali kunye nolawulo lwezinga lokuncipha kokubumba. Ukuguquguquka koxinano ngexesha lokubumba kunokubonisa ukungangqinelani kokwakheka kwe-wax, ukuzaliswa kwesikhunta okungaphelelanga, okanye ukuvalelwa komoya—zonke ezi zinto zinegalelo elikhulu kwiziphene zokubumba utyalo-mali.
I-Lonnmeter, njengomenzi weemitha zoxinano olungaphakathi, inika amandla okulandelela uxinano lwepatheni yewax ngexesha langempela emva kokufakwa. Ezi zixhobo, ezifakwe kumgca wokufaka, zingenisa imilinganiselo eqhubekayo, zivumela amaqela omgangatho ukuba abone ngokukhawuleza ukuphambuka kwimida yoxinano emiselweyo. Le ndlela ihambelana neendlela ezilungileyo zokucebisa ukujonga okuqhubekayo kunye nokurekhoda idatha yoxinano, etyhila iindlela kwaye ivumela ukujonga umgangatho wezinto ngokukhawuleza kwimisebenzi yokusika.
Ukulandelela uxinano kunye nokwakheka ngexesha langempela kwazisa abaqhubi ukuba ukuphathwa kwe-wax enyibilikisiweyo kufuna ukulungiswa—nokuba kukutshintsha komlinganiselo wobushushu, uxinzelelo, okanye kwanotshintsho lomlinganiselo womxube we-wax. Iipateni eziphambukayo kuxinano olujoliswe kuzo zihlala zibonisa uzinzo olubi kubungakanani botyalo-mali, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuncipheni okuguquguqukayo kunye neengxaki zokugqitywa komphezulu ngezantsi.
Izifundo ezibonisa unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi koxinano oluhambelanayo lwepateni kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu bezinto ezisetyenziswa ekugqibeleni. Iipateni ezinoxinano olufanayo azimelani nje kuphela nokugoba ngexesha lokususwa kobumbo kunye nokuphathwa kodwa zinciphisa ukuncitshiswa okungalindelekanga ngexesha lokwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yokususa ulwelo kunye nokudubula kweqokobhe le-ceramic. Ezi zilawuli eziqhutywa bubuninzi zivumela iifestile zenkqubo eziqinileyo kwaye ziphucula kakhulu ukunamathela kwejometri njenge-cast.
Ukubeka iliso rhoqo ngezixhobo ezichanekileyo kuxhasa ukuthintela iziphene, kuphucula ukuphinda-phinda kwenkqubo yokwenza iipateni zewax, kwaye kudala umqolo weendlela zokuthintela iziphene zokuphosa. Ngokudibanisa iiparameter zenkqubo ngokuqinileyo, ikhemistri yewax, kunye nokulandelela uxinano oluphakathi, abavelisi banokunikezela ngeepateni zewax ezihambelanayo nezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa okungqongqo kotyalo-mali.
Uzinzo Lwemilinganiselo, Isantya Sokuncipha, kunye Nokugqitywa Komphezulu
Ukulawula ukuncitshiswa kunye nokugcina ukuchaneka kobukhulu
Ngexesha lenkqubo yotyalo-mali, ipateni yewax iyancipha xa ibanda kwaye iqina. Olu xinzelelo, olwaziwa ngokuba yi-shrinkage, luphawu oluphambili lozinzo lobukhulu bemveliso yokugqibela eyenziwe nge-cast. Uxinzelelo lubonakala ngezigaba ezibini: ukupholisa kokuqala ngaphakathi kwi-mold kunye nokuncipha ngakumbi emva kokuqhekeka njengoko i-wax ilingana nokusingqongileyo. Zombini ezi zigaba zichatshazelwa yi-wax blend, izinto ze-mold, i-geometry, kunye nobushushu be-ambient.
Iiwax ezisekelwe kwiparafini, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iipateni zewax, zibonisa uvakalelo oluphezulu kakhulu kutshintsho lobushushu. Iipateni ezenziwe ngewax engazaliswanga yeparafini zidla ngokubonisa utshintsho olukhulu kubukhulu—ukuya kuthi ga kwi-±0.4% ubude—kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 xa zichatshazelwa kukuguquguquka kobushushu, xa kuthelekiswa neengxube zewax ezizalisiweyo. Iimold zerabha zesilicone zibonisa utshintsho oluncinci kubukhulu phakathi kwezinto zokubumba, zibonelela ngokuncipha okuphawulekayo kokuncitshiswa kweepateni zewax yeparafini.
Ukwenziwa kwezinto, ingakumbi ukufakwa kwezithambisi ezifana nomgubo wesitatshi kunye ne-teraphenolic resin, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Izithambisi zinokunciphisa ukushwabana okuthe ngqo malunga ne-4.5% ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuthembeka komphezulu. Iiwax ezizaliswe kakhulu azigcini nje ngokuzinzisa ubukhulu kodwa zikwabangela ukushwabana kungabi nangxaki kutshintsho lobushushu bendalo.
Iiparamitha zenkqubo nazo zibamba ubunzima obukhulu. Ubushushu bokufakwa, uxinzelelo lokubamba, kunye nexesha lokubamba kulawula imbali yobushushu, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, kunye nokulingana kokuzaliswa kwewax. Ukulungiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezi paramitha, njengokwenziwa ngcono kwe-orthogonal yeTaguchi L9, kukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekuncipheni kokuguquguquka kokuncitshiswa. Kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo kakhulu okanye ezinobunzima obuphezulu, uhlalutyo lwezinto ezilinganiselweyo (FEA) lubalulekile. I-FEA ivumela ukuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kokuncitshiswa, i-warpage, kunye nezinye iinguqu kwisigaba soyilo. Umzekelo, iipateni ze-turbine blade ezenziwe ngeeparamitha ezikhokelwa yi-FEA zibonisa ukuncitshiswa okuncinci kakhulu, njengoko kuqinisekiswa ngoomatshini bokulinganisa abadibeneyo kunye nohlalutyo lwe-optical.
Ukubeka iliso loxinano ngexesha langempela ngexesha lesigaba sokujova ipateni yewax kuqinisekisa kwaye kulungelelanisa ukulinganisa kwiimeko zokwenyani. Olu linganiso oluqhubekayo luxhasa uhlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo lweeparamitha zenkqubo, ngaloo ndlela lulawula ngokuqinileyo imvume yokuncipha kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kobukhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kweemitha zoxinano ezikwi-intanethi, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, kubonakalisiwe ukuba kubonelela ngempendulo ekhawulezileyo ebalulekileyo yokuhlawula ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza ipateni yewax.
Itshathi emeleyo engezantsi ibonisa izinga lokuncipha kweepateni zewax njengomsebenzi we-paraffin-filler ratios kunye nobushushu be-ambient:
| Ukwenziwa kweWax | Ubushushu be-Ambient -5°C | 20°C | 35°C |
|------------------------------| ...|-------|
| Iparafini ecocekileyo | +0.31% | 0.00%| -0.11%|
| Iparafini + 10% Isitatshi | +0.10% | 0.00%| -0.03%|
| Iparafini + 10% yeResin yeTP | +0.12% | 0.00%| -0.04%|
| Isilikhoni seSilikhoni (Ityala Elilungileyo) | +0.05% | 0.00%| -0.01%|
Oku kugxininisa ukuba zombini ukwenziwa kunye nendawo elawulwayo ziyafuneka ukuze kuthintelwe ukuncitshiswa kwemveliso ye-wax echanekileyo kakhulu.
Ukufezekisa Ukugqitywa Okufanelekileyo Komphezulu
Ukugqitywa komphezulu weepateni zewax kunempembelelo ngqo ekuphuculeni ukugqitywa komphezulu wokubumba utyalo-mali kunye nokuthintela iziphene. Ubume bomphezulu bulawulwa ikakhulu kukwenziwa kwewax kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo yokubumba ngenaliti. Iipateni ezithambileyo zinciphisa umngcipheko weziphene zokubumba utyalo-mali ezinxulumene nomphezulu kwaye zenza kube lula ukubola.
Umlinganiselo we-paraffin wax kwi-stearic acid ngaphakathi komxube sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokulawula umgangatho womphezulu. Ukwandisa umlinganiselo we-stearic acid, ukusuka kwi-5% ukuya kwi-15%, kubonakalisiwe ukuba kuphucula ukuguda komphezulu kwaye kuphucule ukubola. I-Stearic acid isebenza njenge-plasticizer, yongeza iipropati zokuhamba kwe-wax ngexesha lesigaba sokujova kwaye ivumela ukuphindaphinda okuncinci kwesikhunta. Umlinganiselo ophantse ulingane we-paraffin kwi-stearic acid (umz., 1:1) unepatent yokuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo: ukuncitshiswa okuphantsi, ukuzinza okuphezulu, kunye nokuphuculwa okukhulu kokugqitywa komphezulu.
Nangona kunjalo, inzuzo incinci—ii-stearic acid ratios eziphezulu zinciphisa ukushwabana kodwa zinokutshintsha ukuhamba kwe-wax kunye neempawu zokuphilisa ukuba zigqithisiwe ngaphaya kwemida efanelekileyo. Umxube we-paraffin-stearic acid uchaphazela i-rheology ye-wax enyibilikisiweyo, uchaphazela ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye noxinano lwangaphakathi lwepateni. Ngenxa yoko, ukujonga umgangatho wezinto kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lwenkqubo kubalulekile ngexesha lokuphathwa kwe-wax enyibilikisiweyo xa kusenziwa i-casting.
Iiparameter zokubumba inaliti ye-wax pattern—ingakumbi ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo—nazo zinempembelelo enamandla. I-wax viscosity, enokwahluka ngokomyalelo wobukhulu obuphakathi kwama-60°C nama-90°C, imisela ukugqibelela kunye nokuthembeka kokuzaliswa kwesikhunta. Ubushushu okanye uxinzelelo olunganelanga lubangela ukugcwala okungaphelelanga, ukuvala okubandayo, ii-surface burrs, kunye noburhabaxa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iiparameter ezilungiselelweyo ziphucula ukuhamba kwe-wax, zivelisa iipateni ezineenkcukacha ezincinci zomphezulu kunye nokungalingani okuncinci komphezulu.
Idatha yemizobo igxininisa impembelelo yomlinganiselo we-stearic acid kwi-avareji ye-surface roughness (Ra):
| I-Acid yeStearic (%) | Uburhabaxa bomphezulu ophakathi Ra (µm) |
|-------------------|- ...|
| 0 | 1.7 |
| 5 | 1.3 |
| 10 | 1.0 |
| 15 | 0.9 |
Oku kubonisa ukuba ukwanda komxholo we-stearic acid kwiindawo ezilawulwayo kubangela ukuba imiphezulu yepateni ye-wax ibonakale igudile, ibe luncedo kwiinkqubo zokubumba ezisezantsi.
Ngamafutshane, ukulawula izinto ezibalulekileyo—ukuncipha kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu—kuxhomekeke kwintsebenziswano phakathi kokukhethwa komxube we-wax ngononophelo, ukulinganisa inkqubo ngexesha langempela, ukulungiswa kwenkqubo, kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lwemilinganiselo yokusingqongileyo kunye neyokufaka. Le ndlela ipheleleyo ixhasa ukwenziwa kwepateni ye-wax echanekileyo kakhulu, ukuthintela iziphene zotyalo-mali oluqinileyo, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu womphezulu kwi-castings.
Ulawulo lweParafini kunye noLawulo lwezongezo
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwemilinganiselo ye-paraffin wax kwimveliso yeepateni ze-wax lusisiseko senkqubo yotyalo-mali. Umlinganiselo we-paraffin ngaphakathi komxube utshintsha iimpendulo zezinto ezisisiseko: ulwelo lokubumba ngenaliti, amandla oomatshini, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokususa iipateni ngexesha lokususa i-dewaxing. Ukulungiswa kakuhle kwezi mpawu kujongana nokuthintela iziphene ze-cast kunye nokukhuthaza ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu.
I-wax yeparafini, xa ikhona kumanqanaba aphezulu—ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40–45 wt%—iyandisa ukuthamba kwee-wax blends kwaye inciphise ubuthathaka bazo ekuguquguqukeni kobushushu. Ezi ntlobo zixhasa ukufunxwa kwamandla okuqinileyo ngexesha lokuphathwa nokucutshungulwa, zivelisa iipateni ezinokucutshungulwa kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa okuzinzileyo kwemilo. Nangona kunjalo, iparafini egqithisileyo inokuphazamisa ukuthembeka koomatshini ngokuphazamisa inethiwekhi yekristale yomxube, nto leyo ebuthathaka ipateni kwaye inokungenisa ukungachaneki kobukhulu okanye ii-microcracks ezivelayo ngexesha lokucocwa okanye ukuphoswa kwesinyithi.
Ulawulo lwesantya sokuncitshiswa kunye nokuzinza kobukhulu kuhlala kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomxholo weparafini. Umlinganiselo weparafini olinganiselayo ulawula ukuziphatha kokunyibilika kunye nokuncitshiswa okubangelwa kukupholisa, zombini ezi zinto zibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ijometri yokugqibela yeepateni zewax zokwenziwa. Umzekelo, iipateni ezinemilinganiselo yeparafini engagqibelelanga zinokubonisa ukuncitshiswa okwandisiweyo komgca okanye kwevolumetric, okuchaphazela umgangatho wokulingana kwesikhunta kunye nomgangatho wokwenziwa kwesamente. Ukugcina olu lungelelwaniso kuphucula zombini isivuno sokubumba injection pattern yewax kunye nokudluliselwa kweenkcukacha zomphezulu.
Ukukhetha izongezo—ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwe-stearic acid—kongeza ulawulo lomlinganiselo weparafini ekulungiseni umsebenzi womxube wewax. I-Stearic acid iguqula i-crystallization, ikhuthaza iikristale ezixineneyo nezinkulu ezinika ubuncinci obukhulu kunye nomthamo wokusebenza we-shear. Ngee-paraffin-stearic acid blends, ukwenziwa ngcono kolu mlinganiselo akukhuthazi nje kuphela ukuqina koomatshini kodwa kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo ye-dewaxing. Xa zenziwe kakuhle, ezi blends zivelisa iipateni ezicoca kakuhle kwaye zikhokelela ekugqityweni okungcono komphezulu we-castings ezivelayo. Ukuba ubuninzi be-stearic acid buhamba kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zeekhemikhali ezingafunekiyo (ezifana ne-saponification) zinokwenzeka, ezibeka emngciphekweni uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye nokubola komngundo.
Eyona nto iphambili kwezi zinto zikhethwayo kukujongwa komgangatho ngendlela engqongqo. Iingxube kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ziyafana kwaye zichonge ungcoliseko oluvela kwiiwax okanye ii-particles ezingezizo ezijoliswe kuzo. Iiprotokholi zanamhlanje zifuna uhlalutyo lwelabhoratri—kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifana ne-gas chromatography kunye ne-differential scanning calorimetry ukuseka iminwe yeminwe—kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo lweempawu eziphambili ezifana ne-melt point kunye ne-viscosity. Iiparameter zomzimba ezihambelanayo zibonisa ukuba umxube uyafana, uxhasa ukuzinza kobukhulu kunye nokuthintela iziphene.
Abavelisi baxhomekeke ngakumbi kwizixhobo zokulinganisa eziqhubekayo—ezifana neemitha zoxinano ezingaphakathi eziveliswe yiLonnmeter—ukubonelela ngempendulo ngexesha langempela ngexesha lokuphathwa kwewax enyibilikisiweyo yokubumba. Ezi zixhobo, ezidityaniswe kwimigca yokuvelisa, zivumela ukubekwa esweni ngokusondeleyo kweempawu zewax yeparafini kuzo zonke izigaba. Zidibene neendlela zelebhu zamaxesha athile zokuhlola ungcoliseko kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwesakhiwo, le ndlela yenza ikhaka eliqinileyo ngokuchasene nokwahluka komgangatho.
Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwenza ukuba kulungiswe ngokukhawuleza ii-paraffin ratios okanye amanqanaba ongezelelweyo, kuxhasa amazinga okuncipha azinzileyo kunye nokuchaneka okuphindaphindwayo kobukhulu beepateni. Kwiindawo zemveliso, idatha yokudibanisa evela kwiinkqubo zokulinganisa ezingaphakathi ingafakwa kwiinkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho ezibanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetshi nganye iyahambelana neeparamitha zokwenziwa kweepateni zewax ezijoliswe kuzo kunye neemfuno zomthetho.
Ngamafutshane, ukufikelela kwiiratio ze-paraffin wax ezifanelekileyo kunye nokulawula umxholo wokongeza—ingakumbi i-stearic acid—kufuna inkqubo engqongqo yoyilo lomxube, ulawulo lwenkqubo ngexesha langempela, kunye nokulinganisa okuqhubekayo. Eli cebo liqinisekisa ukuziphatha okuthembekileyo koomatshini, ukucocwa kakuhle kwe-dewaxing, kunye neepateni ze-wax ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezihambelanayo ezibalulekileyo kwiziphumo zokuphoswa ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukusebenza kokususa i-wax kunye nokuthintela iziphene zokulahla i-cast
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Dewaxing okunxulunyaniswa nokwakheka kwe-Wax
Ukwakheka kwephethini yewax kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinyathelo lokucola i-dewaxing kwinkqubo yotyalo-mali. Ukwanda kobushushu kunye nokuziphatha kokunyibilika komxube wewax kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuqina kweqokobhe le-ceramic. Iwax yeparafini, enexabiso layo eliphantsi kunye neempawu zokubumba i-injection ezilungileyo, iyanda ngokukhawuleza xa ishushu. Ukuba ayilawulwa ngononophelo, oku kunyuka kwevolumu ngokukhawuleza kunexinzelelo lwangaphakathi olugqithisileyo olunokuqhekeza iqokobhe, ngakumbi kufutshane neendawo ezincinci okanye ezintsonkothileyo ngokwejiyometri. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iwax ye-microcrystalline okanye iiwax ezinezongezo ze-stearic acid ezilawulwayo zinokubonelela ngokuthamba kancinci kancinci kunye namazinga okukhula aphantsi, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kweqokobhe ngexesha locola i-dewaxing.
Umlinganiselo we-paraffin-to-stearic acid kufuneka ulinganiswe. I-stearic acid ephezulu yehlisa i-wax viscosity, okwenza ukuba i-wax enyibilikisiweyo iphume kakuhle kwaye inciphise amathuba okuphuma okungaphelelanga kunye nentsalela. Nangona kunjalo, i-stearic acid egqithisileyo inokunyusa izinga lokwanda, ngokumangalisayo inyusa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka. Ukulungiswa kwefomyula ngokuchanekileyo—njengokunciphisa amanqanaba e-stearic acid kunye nokusebenzisa umlinganiselo wokwandiswa kobushushu obusebenzayo—kunceda ukulungelelanisa iipropati ze-wax namandla eqokobhe kunye neeparameter ezithile zemijikelo ye-autoclave okanye ye-furnace dewaxing.
Idatha yovavanyo iqinisekisa ukuba iiwax ezineempawu zokuncitshiswa kakuhle kunye nokwandiswa zinciphisa ukwenzeka kweziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka kweqokobhe kunye nokususwa kwewax engaphelelanga. Ubukhulu bodonga obufanayo kunye nee-cores okanye ii-vents ezibekwe ngendlela efanelekileyo zinceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo kunye nokukhuthaza ukutsalwa kwamanzi kakuhle. Uyilo lwe-vent, uxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo lwe-autoclave, kunye namazinga okufudumeza alawulwayo zizicwangciso eziqinisekisiweyo zokunciphisa umonakalo ngexesha lokususwa kwewax yeparafini ngokukhawuleza.
Ukususwa kwewax okungaphelelanga okanye ukunyibilika okungalinganiyo kushiya iintsalela ezibambeke kumphezulu weqokobhe le-ceramic, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni iziphene zohlobo lokubandakanywa. Ukujongana noku, inkqubo yokunyibilikisa iwax kufuneka ihambelane ngokusondeleyo nokwakheka kwepateni—ifuna ukujongwa ngokungqongqo kweendlela zokunyibilikisa iwax kunye neeprofayili zobushushu beqokobhe. Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokunyibilikisa iwax ezifana neFlashFire—ezibandakanya ukukhuselwa kwegesi engasebenziyo—kunokukhusela ngakumbi amaqokobhe ekusileleni okanye ekutshisweni yiwax, ingakumbi kwiparafini eguquguqukayo okanye kwiipateni zewax ezixutyiweyo.
Ukuthintela Iziphene Zokuphosa Ngokulawula Inkqubo
Ulawulo olungqongqo lwenkqubo yokwenziwa kweepateni zewax lusisiseko sokuthintela iziphene zokubumba utyalo-mali. Utshintsho kuxinano, ukwakheka, kunye nokuzinza kobukhulu ngaphakathi kwepateni yewax lusasazeka ngokuthe ngqo kumgangatho weqokobhe le-ceramic, kwaye kamva, kwisinyithi esityhidiweyo. Iipateni ezinokungahambelani kobunzima okanye amazinga okuncipha alawulwa kakubi zinokubangela ubuthathaka beqokobhe lendawo, okwandisa umngcipheko wokusilela kweqokobhe okanye ukwaliwa kwe-cast ngemingxuma yomphezulu, iimpazamo, okanye ukungaqheleki kobukhulu.
Ukubeka esweni rhoqo uxinano lweepateni zewax, mhlawumbi ngokusebenzisa iimitha zoxinano ezingaphakathi kwemigca efana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukwenziwa kweepateni zewax ezichanekileyo kakhulu. Ngokuqinisekisa ukufana kweempawu zewax yeparafini kuzo zonke iipateni ezifakwe inaliti, iinjineli zeenkqubo zinokubona ngokukhawuleza iingxaki ezifana newax ebandayo okanye exutywe kakubi ekhokelela kwi-voids, i-inclusions yomoya, okanye i-graining yomphezulu. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nokulungiswa kwenkqubo kweli nqanaba kuthintela ukuvela kamva kweentanda zegobolondo okanye ukungazinzi kobukhulu ngexesha lokuxutywa kwe-dewaxing kunye nokuthululwa kwesinyithi.
Ukubekwa kwemingxuma kumphezulu kunye neziphene zobukhulu zihlala zibuyela emva ekuphathweni okanye ekwenziweni kwemixube yewax ngendlela engafanelekanga—njengokutshintshatshintsha kobushushu, ukufuma okugqithisileyo, okanye ukungcola ngexesha lokufakwa kwepateni. Ukubeka esweni umgangatho wezinto kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lokusingqongileyo (ubushushu, ukufuma) ngexesha lokufakwa kwepatheni yewax kuphucula kakhulu ukugqitywa komphezulu kwi-castings kwaye kunciphise umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kokuncipha.
Inkqubo yokucofa i-dewaxing, ingakumbi isantya kunye nokufana kokufudumeza kwegobolondo, kufuneka ilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ukukhusela ukuthembeka kwegobolondo. Ukubeka iliso ekunyukeni kobushushu, ukungena kwegobolondo, kunye ne-kinetics yokufuduka kwe-wax kuvumela ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho izinto ezingaqhelekanga—njengokwanda koxinzelelo okanye ukususwa okungaphelelanga—ezifunyenweyo. Ulawulo lwenkqubo oluhambelanayo, oludibene nedatha malunga noxinano lwe-wax kunye nokwakheka kwayo, luvumela abavelisi ukuba bagcine uzinzo olulinganayo kwaye banciphise iziphene ezisezantsi ezinxulumene nokusilela kwegobolondo, ukufakwa komphezulu, okanye ukuphoswa okunganyamezelaniyo.
Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwezizathu zeziphene eziqhelekileyo—ukusuka ekuqhekekeni kweqokobhe kunye nokufakwa komphezulu ukuya kwimingxuma yokushwabana—lutyhila ukuba ukungenelela okusebenzayo kwizigaba zokuphathwa kwewax kunye nokucocwa kwenkunkuma zezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuthintela iziphene. Njengoko ukunyamezelana kokucocwa kwenkunkuma kusiba nzima ngakumbi, ukusebenzisana kokulungiswa kwezinto ezilawulwayo, ukujonga inkqubo ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nemijikelo yokucocwa kwenkunkuma ephuculweyo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni zombini iimolds zeqokobhe eziqinileyo kunye nokucocwa kokugqibela okungenaziphene.
Ukulinganisa Okuqhubekayo kunye noHlanganiso lweQA
Ukulinganisa rhoqo uxinano lwepateni yewax kunye nokungaguquguquki kwayo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wokwenziwa kweepateni zewax ezichanekileyo. Kukho amaqhinga amabini aphambili: ukulinganisa isampuli ukuya kwisampuli kunye nokulinganisa okungaphakathi. Ukulinganisa isampuli ukuya kwisampuli kuxhomekeke ekukhetheni iindawo ezivela kwimveliso, emva koko ukulinganisa ubunzima bazo, ubungakanani, okanye ukufuduka ukuze kubalwe uxinano. Nangona kulula, le ndlela ingenisa ukubambezeleka phakathi kokwenzeka kokuphambuka kunye nokufumanisa, okunokuvumela iipateni ezingaphandle kwengcaciso ukuba ziqhubeke kumgca zingabonwanga.
Ukulinganisa okungaphakathi kulungisa ezi ntsilelo ngokuhlanganisa amaqonga enzwa ngqo kwinkqubo yokubumba injection pattern yewax. Iimitha zoxinano olungaphakathi, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter, zihlala zijonga iiparameter ezifana nokuhamba kobunzima, ukufuduka komthamo, okanye iiproxies zoxinano ngexesha langempela ngexesha lokuvelisa. Umzekelo, imitha yoxinano olungaphakathi ingafakwa ngezantsi kwe-injection press ukulandelela iprofayili yoxinano lwepatheni nganye yewax njengoko iphuma kwi-mold. Ukuphambuka kwimida yoxinano olumiselweyo ngoko nangoko kubangela ii-alamu okanye uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo, kunciphisa umngcipheko weziphene zotyalo-mali kunye nokuzinzisa zombini izinga lokuncipha kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu.
Iimitha ze-viscosity ezisemgangathweni ezikwi-inline zincedisa ukujonga uxinano ngokulinganisa iimpawu zokuhamba kwe-wax enyibilikisiweyo. Ekubeni umlinganiselo we-paraffin wax kwi-stearic acid kunye nezinye izongezo zichaphazela ukuhamba kwezinto kunye noxinano lwepateni eqinisiweyo, idatha ye-viscosity yexesha langempela inika ingxelo ebalulekileyo yokugcina iipropati ezifanelekileyo zomxube we-wax. Ngokwenyani, imiqondiso ye-sensor evela kwi-inline density kunye ne-viscosity metres idityaniswe kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwepateni ye-wax, nto leyo eqhuba ulawulo oluqinileyo kuzo zombini ukwakheka kwe-wax kunye nokuphathwa kwe-wax enyibilikisiweyo ukuze kufakwe i-casting.
Nangona iLonnmeter igxile kakhulu kwizixhobo zesensor ezibonakalayo, iisensor zenzelwe ukukhupha idatha eqhubekayo, enesisombululo esiphezulu ebalulekileyo kumaxwebhu kunye nokulandelelwa kwenkqubo. Ukufundwa koxinano ngalunye kunokudityaniswa nezihlonzi zeepateni ezizodwa—ezifana namanani ebhetshi okanye iithegi zedijithali—okwenza irekhodi yedatha ehambelanayo eqala kwi-wax injection ukuya kwi-mold assembly.
Olu lwazi lusemgangathweni lunemisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo:
- Ukufunyanwa kweziphene kwangoko kunye nokuthintela utyalo-mali ekusetyenzisweni kweziphene, ngokubangela iimpendulo ekuphambukeni ekuhambelaneni kwezinto, uxinano, okanye ukuxinana.
- Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yexesha elide, okuvumela uhlalutyo olujonga emva lweendlela zoxinano, iimpawu zewax yeparafini, kunye nemiphumo yazo kuzinzo lobukhulu bepatheni yewax okanye ukugqitywa komphezulu.
- Ukulandeleka ngokupheleleyo, ngokugcina umkhondo wedijithali weziphumo zokulinganisa kuyo yonke imveliso. Oku kuxhasa iimfuno zomthetho kumashishini athembekileyo kwaye kuvumela ukujolisa ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha lophando lwemvelaphi yeziphene.
Idatha ethathwe ziimitha ezikwimigca efana nezo zivela eLonnmeter idla ngokudweliswa kwiimpawu zepateni eziquka ukwahluka koxinano, iiprofayili zesantya sokuncipha, kunye nezinye iiparameter eziphambili ezichaphazela inkqubo yotyalo-mali. Njengomzekelo osebenzayo, ukufundwa koxinano ngaphandle koluhlu oluchazwe kwangaphambili kunokubonisa iingxaki kwimilinganiselo ye-paraffin wax, ukuguquguquka kobushushu, okanye ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga, zonke ezinokuthi zichongwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye zilungiswe ukuthintela iziphene kunye nokuphucula ukugqitywa komphezulu wokwenziwa.
Ukubonakaliswa kwemizobo yeendlela zoxinano lweepateni zewax ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezakhiwe ngedatha yemitha emgceni, sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokubona izinto kubasebenzi nakwiinjineli zenkqubo. Ezi mbonakalo zinceda ekuchongeni ngokukhawuleza ukushukuma kwenkqubo—nokuba kukujikeleza, ngokungacwangciswanga, okanye ngokwenkqubo—okunokuthi emva koko kudibaniswe neziganeko zokusebenza okanye utshintsho lwezinto, ukuqinisekisa ukujonga umgangatho wezinto ngendlela eyomeleleyo ekubunjweni.
Ukulinganisa okubanzi, okuqhubekayo, okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha ye-QA eqinileyo kwenza imisebenzi yokwenziwa kweepateni zewax inciphise ukuhlolwa ngesandla, yonyuse umthamo, kwaye iphucule ngokucwangcisiweyo iziphumo zokuphosa: ukuchaneka kobukhulu, ulawulo lokuncitshiswa, kunye nomgangatho womphezulu. Le ndlela ibonelela ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo nenokuphicothwa yokunciphisa iziphene kunye nokuphucula ukuphinda-phinda kweepateni zewax ezichanekileyo kakhulu kuzo zonke izicelo zokuphosa utyalo-mali.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ibaluleke ngantoni indlela yokulinganisa uxinano oluqhubekayo ekuvelisweni kweepateni zewax?
Ukulinganisa uxinano oluqhubekayo kusebenza njengesiseko sokwenziwa kweepateni zewax. Uxinano olufanayo luqinisekisa ukuba iipateni zewax ziphinda ijiyometri yoyilo ngokuchanekileyo, kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yenkqubo yokwenziwa kotyalo-mali. Utshintsho kuxinano lwewax luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo lobukhulu, amazinga okuncipha, kunye nomgangatho wokugqitywa komphezulu weepateni. Uxinano olungaguqukiyo lunokukhokelela emoyeni ovalelekileyo, ukuzaliswa okungaphelelanga, kunye neziphene zangaphakathi, ekugqibeleni zonyusa umngcipheko wokwenziwa kweziphene okanye ukuphinda usebenze. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kokungangqinelani okunjalo—ingakumbi ngeemitha zoxinano ezingaphakathi ezifana nezo zenziwe yiLonnmeter—kuvumela uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo ngoko nangoko. Oku kukhokelela ekuphuculweni kwemveliso yenkqubo, ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kobukhulu, kunye nokuqina komphezulu okuphuculweyo kuzo zombini iindlela zemveli kunye nezikhawulezayo zokwenziwa kweepateni zewax zokwenziwa komfanekiso. Ukulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo, ngexesha langempela kubonelela ngokubekwa esweni komgangatho wezinto ezisetyenziswayo ekufakweni komfanekiso kwaye kuxhasa impendulo ekhawulezileyo kwiindawo eziphezulu, okwenza kube yimfuneko kulawulo oluqinileyo lomgangatho wezinto ezifakwa kotyalo-mali kunye neendlela zokuthintela iziphene zokwenziwa komfanekiso.
Umlinganiselo we-paraffin wax uchaphazela njani ukwenziwa kweepateni ze-wax?
Umlinganiselo we-paraffin wax kumxube ulawula iipropati eziphambili ezifana nokuguquguquka, amandla oomatshini, ukuziphatha kokuncipha, kunye nokukhululeka kokukhululwa kwepateni. Umxholo ophezulu weparafini uhlala unyusa ukuguquguquka, okwenza ukuphathwa kwe-wax enyibilikisiweyo yokuphosa kube ngcono ngakumbi kwaye kuvumela ukuzaliswa kwepateni egudileyo ngexesha lokubumba ipatheni ye-wax. Nangona kunjalo, iparafini egqithisileyo inokunyusa ukuncipha kunye namandla aphantsi, nto leyo enokubeka emngciphekweni wokuphazamiseka kunye neziphene ngexesha lokuphola okanye ukunyibilikisa i-dewaxing. Ngokwenza ngcono umlinganiselo we-paraffin wax ekubunjweni, abavelisi banokufikelela kwibhalansi—amandla aneleyo okuphatha, ukuncipha okulawulwayo ukuze kube nokuchaneka kobukhulu, kunye nokuphuculwa kokugqitywa komphezulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-microcrystalline wax okanye iipolymers kunye neparafini wax kunokuphucula ngakumbi ukuqina koomatshini kunye nolawulo lwesantya sokuncipha ekubunjweni. Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo kufuneka uhambelane neemfuno ezithile zepateni, uphembelela yonke into ukusuka ekususweni kwepateni ukuya ekuthinteleni iziphene zokuphosa utyalo-mali.
Kutheni uzinzo olunemilinganiselo lubalulekile kwinkqubo yotyalo-mali?
Uzinzo lobukhulu kwiipateni zewax sisiseko sokwenza ii-castings zokugqibela ezihambelana neenkcukacha zoyilo. Ukuba ipateni yewax iyaguquguquka okanye iyancipha ngokungalindelekiyo, i-castings yesinyithi ehambelanayo iya kufumana ezi ziphambuko, nto leyo ephumela kwiindawo ezinokuthi zingalungelani okanye zisebenze njengoko bekucwangcisiwe. Ukuze kwenziwe ipateni yewax echanekileyo, ukulawula uzinzo lobukhulu kuyo yonke inqanaba kubalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe ukulungiswa okubizayo emva kokwenziwa okanye ukulahlwa. Iipateni ezihambelanayo zixhasa inkqubo yokwenziwa kotyalo-mali, apho nokuba ukungazinzi okuncinci kunokuguqulela ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwesikhunta okubiza kakhulu, ukusilela kokuhlanganiswa, okanye ukuthembeka kwemveliso okubuthathaka. Ngenxa yoko, uzinzo lobukhulu luxhasa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo iyonke kunye nolawulo lomgangatho wezinto zokwenziwa kotyalo-mali.
Idlala yiphi indima i-stearic acid ekubumbeni i-wax pattern injection molding?
I-Stearic acid ifakwe kwimixube ye-wax njengendlela yokuguqula inkqubo. Ukufakwa kwayo kuphucula iimpawu zokuhamba kwe-wax enyibilikisiweyo ngexesha lokubumba ipatheni ye-wax, kunciphisa i-viscosity kwaye kuvumela i-wax ukuba izalise imingxuma ye-mold ngokupheleleyo-kwanoko kuneejiometri ezintsonkothileyo. Ngaphandle kokuphucula ulwelo, i-stearic acid isebenza njengearhente yokukhulula i-mold yangaphakathi, inciphisa ukunamathela kwepatheni kwiindonga ze-mold kwaye inciphisa amathuba okukrazuka kwepatheni okanye ukuzaliswa okungaphelelanga. Oku kubangela ukwahlulwahlulwa okucocekileyo, ukungafezeki okuncinci komphezulu, kunye nokuveliswa okuthembekileyo-iingenelo zokuphucula ukugqitywa komphezulu kwi-castings kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko we-cast-disorder onxulumene nepatheni.
Ukujonga izinga lokuncipha kungakuthintela njani iziphene zokuphosa?
Ulawulo lwesantya sokuncipha ekubunjweni kwe-cast lubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuphambuka kobukhulu, ukubola, kunye nokuqhekeka kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo. Ukubeka esweni kwangexesha langempela kokuncipha kwepatheni ye-wax—kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo othe ngqo okanye imodeli eguquguqukayo—kuvumela iinjineli zenkqubo ukuba zilungise iiparameters ezinje ngobushushu bokubumba, isantya sokujova, okanye izinga lokupholisa. Ukubeka esweni ngokusondeleyo kuvumela ukuchongwa kwemimandla esengozini yokubhitya okugqithisileyo, ukuze iimeko ziguqulwe ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iziphene. Imizekelo kwiincwadi ibonisa ukuba olu lawulo oluguquguqukayo lunciphisa iziphene ezincinci nezinkulu zokubunjwa kwe-cast, okukhokelela kwisivuno esiphezulu sokudlula kokuqala kunye nokuncipha kwezinto ezilahliweyo. Kwi-cast yotyalo-mali, ukubeka esweni okuqhubekayo kokuncipha kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nezinye iindlela zokuthintela iziphene, ngakumbi xa iipateni kufuneka zigcine iijometri ezintsonkothileyo kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-15-2025
