Iimitha zoxinano oluphakathiukubonelela ngedatha eqhubekayo ebalulekileyo ekucoceni i-acetophenone kwizicelo zokulungisa iziqholo. Ukulinganisa ngexesha langempela kwenza ukuba kufunyanwe ngokuchanekileyo ukungcola kwe-benzene kunye ne-acetyl chloride ngaphantsi kwe-0.5%, kuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo imigangatho yobumsulwa be-acetophenone kwimveliso yeziqholo. Ingxelo yobuninzi ivumela ukulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwemilinganiselo ye-distillation reflux kuluhlu lwe-2: 1–3: 1, ukuqinisekisa umxholo we-acetophenone oyi-99.5% ngeendlela zokucoca ngokuchanekileyo ezilawulwayo.
Ukuzinzisa uxinano lwesigaba sendalo phakathi kwe-1.045–1.050 g/cm³ ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-oxime ngokusebenzisa i-dichloromethane extraction kuthintela ukwenziwa kwe-oxime hydrolyzate, kuphucula umthamo we-sodium hydroxide ukuze kufunyanwe i-reaction endpoint. Izixhobo ezikwi-inline ezifana ne-Lonnmeter inline density metres kunye ne-concentration metres ngokukhawuleza zibonisa ukukhutshwa okungaphelelanga kwaye kuvumela ukulungiswa kwesantya sokuhamba kwe-extractant echanekileyo, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokunciphisa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe.
Ukuhlanganiswa ngokuthe ngqo komlinganiselo ongaphakathi kwenza imveliso itshintshe ngokuzenzekelayo xa uxinano ludlula i-1.027 g/cm³ kwaye kuphelisa ukufunxwa ngesandla, okuxhasa ukuxuba okuqhubekayo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-acetophenone ecocekileyo kakhulu kunye nobungqina obubhaliweyo bokuthobela imithetho.
Imveliso yoLungiso lwe-Acetophenone
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Iimitha zoxinano oluphakathiInika ulwazi olubalulekileyo lwenkqubo yokucocwa kwe-acetophenone kwizicelo zokulungisa iziqholo. Ukulinganiswa koxinano ngexesha langempela kwenza ukuba kulandelwe ngokungqongqo imigangatho yobumsulwa be-acetophenone, kuxhasa ukufunyanwa okuqhubekayo kokungcola kwe-benzene kunye ne-acetyl chloride ngaphantsi kwe-0.5%. Abaqhubi baphucula iindlela zokucocwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye balungisa ngokuzenzekelayo imilinganiselo ye-reflux ukugcina i-acetophenone engama-99.5%. Ngexesha lokuxuba kunye nokudibanisa kwimveliso yeziqholo, iimitha zoxinano ezingaphakathi ziqinisekisa ukuzinza koxinano lwesigaba se-organic ukuya kwi-1.045–1.050 g/cm³, okuthintela ukwakheka kwe-oxime hydrolysate ngokufumanisa i-endpoint yokusabela kwangoko.
I-AcetophenoneIsishwankathelo seNkqubo yeMveliso
I-ethylbenzene oxidation ivelisa i-acetophenone, evuselelwa yi-cobalt okanye i-manganese acetates kwi-120–200°C ukuze ivelise isivuno esifikelela kwi-90%. Ukwahlulwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi kususa i-phenylethane kunye ne-hydroperoxides, emva koko i-precision fractional distillation yahlukanisa i-acetophenone. Iimitha zoxinano oluphakathi zijonga ubumsulwa be-distillate, zivumela ukulungiswa kwe-reflux ratio ngexesha langempela ukugcina i-acetophenone eyi-≥99.5%, ebalulekileyo kwizicelo zokulungisa iziqholo. Impendulo yoxinano inceda ukufunyanwa kokungcola kwe-benzene kunye ne-acetyl chloride—ukugcina imiqathango engaphantsi kwe-0.5% kubalulekile ekucoceni i-acetophenone. Ulawulo oluzenzekelayo olungaphakathi luqinisekisa ukuba i-distillation reflux ratios phakathi kwe-2:1 kunye ne-3:1, ukuphucula ukususwa kokungcola kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo ezenziwe ngesandla.
Ngexesha lokukhupha i-oximation, ukukhupha i-dichloromethane kuzinzisa uxinano lwesigaba se-organic phakathi kwe-1.045–1.050 g/cm³, kujongwa ngokuthe ngqo kusetyenziswa izixhobo zoxinano lwe-Lonnmeter. Le festile yoxinano ithintela ukwenziwa kwe-oxime hydrolysate kwaye ilawula ukongezwa kwe-sodium hydroxide. Ukuhla koxinano kubonisa ukukhupha okungaphelelanga, okubangela ukulungiswa kwesantya sokuhamba kwe-extractant ngokuchanekileyo kwimveliso ye-acetophenone ecocekileyo kakhulu. Ukulinganisa okungaphakathi kuqhuba ukuxuba kunye nokudibanisa ukuchaneka, kuxhasa imigangatho yobumsulwa be-acetophenone kunye nokuveliswa kwevumba elisebenzayo.
Izinto zokulungisa iziqholo
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Imingeni ekuLinganisweni koXinaniso oluPhakathi
Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kokucoca i-acetophenone kujongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo yobugcisa kunye nokusebenza:
Ukufunyanwa kokungcola kwe-benzene kunye ne-acetyl chloride okungaphantsi kwe-0.5% kuyafuneka ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigangatho yobumsulwa be-acetophenone kwizicelo zokulungisa iziqholo. Ukuphambuka kobuninzi obungaphantsi kwe-0.0005 g/cm³ kufuneka kujongwe ukuze kukwazi ukucocwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulungiswa kwangoko.
Iindlela zokunyibilikisa ngokuchanekileyo zisebenzisa impendulo yoxinano lwexesha langempela ukugcina umlinganiselo we-reflux olawulwayo (2:1–3:1). Ulawulo loxinano oluqinileyo luthintela ukulahleka kwemveliso ngaphandle kwe-spec kunye nezinto eziluhlaza. Ukuguquguquka kubonisa umahluko kubunyulu be-acetophenone okanye ukuxuba okungaphelelanga kunye nokudibanisa kwimveliso yeziqholo.
Inkqubo yokusabela kwe-oximation ifuna ukuqinisekiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwendawo ephelileyo. Izixhobo ezikwimigca kufuneka zibone izinga lokukhula koxinano lwe-≤0.001 g/cm³/h ukuze kulawulwe ukongezwa kwe-alkali ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzenzekelayo, kuthintelwe i-sodium hydroxide engaphezulu kwi-organic synthesis.
Ukukhupha i-dichloromethane engaphelelanga kubonakala njengokwehla koxinano kwisigaba se-organic. Iimitha zoxinano ezikwi-Lonnmeter zivumela ukulungiswa kwesantya sokuhamba kwe-extractant, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinano lwesigaba luzinzile kwi-1.045–1.050 g/cm³ ngexesha lokujonga ukwenziwa kwe-acetophenone oxime.
Ukuthintela ngempumelelo i-oxime hydrolysate kuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni kwempendulo ngexesha langempela kwiinkqubo zeekhemikhali. Iimpawu zokulinganisa ezicwangcisiweyo xa kufuneka kumiswe ukutya kwe-alkali ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe iimveliso ezingeyomfuneko.
Iingenelo zokudibanisa iiMeter zoxinano oluphakathi
Ulawulo lwevalvu yemveliso oluzenzekelayo oluxhomekeke kumlinganiselo woxinano oluhambelanayo luqinisekisa ukuba ukuphuma kwamanzi kwenzeka kuphela ngaphezulu kwe-1.027 g/cm³, kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhululwa kwezinto ezingaphantsi kwe-spec. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo koxinano kwenza ukuba kufunyanwe ngoko nangoko ukungcola kwe-benzene kunye ne-acetyl chloride ngaphantsi kwe-0.5%, okubangela ukulungiswa kwangoko kokusebenza. Ingxelo yexesha langempela iphucula umlinganiselo we-distillation reflux phakathi kwe-2:1 kunye ne-3:1, inyusa isivuno se-acetophenone ngaphezulu kwe-99.5% ngelixa inciphisa inkunkuma yezinto eziluhlaza. Uhlalutyo oluhambelanayo lususa iisampulu ngesandla, ukusika amaxesha okulinda iisampulu kunye neempazamo zomntu, kwaye kunciphisa ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokungasebenzi lokuqinisekiswa komgangatho ngaphezulu kwe-40%. Idatha ehambelanayo ehambelanayo izinzisa ukuxuba kunye nokudibanisa, igcina ubumsulwa be-acetophenone kwizicelo zokulungisa iziqholo kwixesha elide. Lonke ixabiso loxinano kunye nohlengahlengiso luyabhalwa, lubonelela ngamaxwebhu aphicothwayo okuhambelana nemigangatho yobumsulwa be-acetophenone. Izixhobo zeLonnmeter zixhasa ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwimigca yenkqubo ekhoyo, zibonelela ngolawulo oluchanekileyo ngexesha lokucoca, ukukhupha, kunye nokucoca ngokungenelela okuncinci.
Sombulula iingxaki ezinzima kwinkqubo yemveliso
Cela isicatshulwa semitha yoxinano lwe-Lonnmeter ukuze ujongane nokusetyenziswa kwe-acetophenone kunye nokulungiswa kweziqholo. Sebenzisa izixhobo ze-Lonnmeter ukuze ufumane iingenelo zokulinganisa uxinano lwe-inline, ukulungiswa kwe-reflux ratio, kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yokukhupha i-dichloromethane. Xhasa amaxwebhu emigangatho yobumsulwa be-acetophenone, ukulungiswa kwenkqubo kwangoko, kunye nokwenza ngcono isantya sokuhamba kwe-extractant ngee-sensors zenkqubo eziqinileyo nezithe ngqo.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-28-2026
