Ubuninzi be-Bentonite Slurry
1. Uhlu kunye nokusebenza kodaka
1.1 Uhlulo
I-Bentonite, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-bentonite rock, lilitye lodongwe elinomlinganiselo ophezulu we-montmorillonite, edla ngokuqulatha inani elincinci le-illite, i-kaolinite, i-zeolite, i-feldspar, i-calcite, njl. I-Bentonite inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezintathu: i-bentonite esekelwe kwi-sodium (umhlaba we-alkaline), i-bentonite esekelwe kwi-calcium (umhlaba we-alkaline) kunye nomhlaba omhlophe wendalo (umhlaba one-asidi). Phakathi kwazo, i-bentonite esekelwe kwi-calcium inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe yi-bentonites esekelwe kwi-calcium-sodium kunye ne-calcium-magnesium-based, nazo.
1.2 Ukusebenza
1) Iimpawu Zomzimba
I-Bentonite imhlophe kwaye ityheli kancinci ngokwendalo ngelixa ibonakala ingwevu ekhanyayo, ipinki eluhlaza kancinci, ibomvu mdaka, imnyama, njl. I-Bentonite iyahluka ngokuqina ngenxa yeempawu zayo zomzimba.
2) Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali
Iinxalenye eziphambili zeekhemikhali ze-bentonite yi-silicon dioxide (SiO2), i-aluminium oxide (Al2O3) kunye namanzi (H2O). Umxholo we-iron oxide kunye ne-magnesium oxide nawo uphezulu ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye i-calcium, i-sodium, i-potassium zihlala zikhona kwi-bentonite kwimixholo eyahlukeneyo. Umxholo we-Na2O kunye ne-CaO kwi-bentonite wenza umahluko kwiimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali, kwanobuchwepheshe benkqubo.
3) Iimpawu zeMvelo nezeKhemikhali
I-Bentonite ibalasele kwi-hygroscopicity yayo efanelekileyo, oko kukuthi ukwanda emva kokufunxwa kwamanzi. Inani lokwanda elibandakanya ukufunxwa kwamanzi lifikelela phezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 amaxesha. Ingasasazwa emanzini ukuze yenze i-viscous, thixotropic, kunye ne-lubricate colloidal suspension. Ijika ibe yi-malleable kwaye inamathele emva kokuba ixutywe nenkunkuma encinci efana namanzi, i-slurry okanye isanti. Iyakwazi ukufunxwa iigesi ezahlukeneyo, ulwelo, kunye nezinto eziphilayo, kwaye amandla aphezulu okufunxwa anokufikelela kwi-5 ngokuphindwe ubunzima bayo. Umhlaba omhlophe we-acid osebenza kumphezulu unokufunxwa izinto ezinemibala.
Iipropati zomzimba nezekhemikhali ze-bentonite zixhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo kunye nomxholo we-montmorillonite ekuyo. Ngokubanzi, i-bentonite esekelwe kwi-sodium ineempawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali eziphezulu kunye nokusebenza kobuchwepheshe kune-bentonite esekelwe kwi-calcium okanye kwi-magnesium.
2. Ukulinganiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-Bentonite Slurry
IILonnmeternomgcabenti-onitei-sli-urryuxinanoimithayi-intanethiimitha yoxinano lwepulpisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinkqubo zoshishino. Ubuninzi be-slurry bubhekisa kumlinganiselo wobunzima be-slurry kubunzima bomthamo othile wamanzi. Ubungakanani bobuninzi be-slurry obulinganiswa kwindawo buxhomekeke kubunzima obupheleleyo be-slurry kunye ne-drill cuttings kwi-slurry. Ubunzima be-addictions kufuneka bufakwe ukuba bukhona.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kweSlurry phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zeJografi
Kunzima ukugqobhoza umngxuma kwisander, igrabile, iileya zeetshebhu kunye neendawo ezaphukileyo zeempawu zokubopha ezincinci phakathi kwee-particles. Isitshixo sengxaki sisekonyuseni amandla okubopha phakathi kwee-particles, kwaye sithatha i-slurry njengomqobo wokukhusela kwii-strata ezinjalo.
3.1 Impembelelo yobuninzi be-Slurry kwisantya sokubhola
Isantya sokubhola siyehla xa uxinano lwe-slurry lusanda. Isantya sokubhola siyehla kakhulu, ingakumbi xa uxinano lwe-slurry lungaphezulu kwe-1.06-1.10 g/cm3Okukhona i-viscosity ye-slurry iphezulu, kokukhona isantya sokubhola siphantsi.
3.2 Impembelelo yoMxholo weSand kwiSlurry ekubholeni
Umxholo weenkunkuma zamatye kwidaka ubeka umngcipheko xa kugrunjwa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imingxuma ecocekileyo ingabi semgangathweni kwaye inamathele emva koko. Ukongeza, inokubangela ukufunxwa kunye noxinzelelo, nto leyo ebangela ukuvuza okanye ukudilika kwequla. Umxholo wesanti uphezulu kwaye idaka emngxunyeni ityebile. Ibangela ukuba udonga lomngxuma ludilike ngenxa yokufuma, kwaye kulula ukubangela ukuba ulusu oludaka luwe kwaye lubangele iingozi emngxunyeni. Kwangaxeshanye, umxholo ophezulu wedaka ubangela ukuguguleka okukhulu kwimibhobho, ii-drill bits, imikhono yesilinda yepompo yamanzi, kunye neentonga zepiston, kwaye ubomi bazo bufutshane. Ke ngoko, phantsi kwengcamango yokuqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso loxinzelelo lokwakheka, uxinano lwedaka kunye nomxholo wesanti kufuneka kuncitshiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
3.3 Uxinano lweSlurry kuMhlaba othambileyo
Kwiindawo zomhlaba ezithambileyo, ukuba uxinano lwe-slurry luphantsi kakhulu okanye isantya sokubhola sikhawuleza kakhulu, kuya kukhokelela ekuweni kwemingxunya. Ngokuqhelekileyo kungcono ukugcina uxinano lwe-slurry kwi-1.25g/cm3kule maleko yomhlaba.
4. Iifomula zeSlurry eziqhelekileyo
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-slurry kubunjineli, kodwa zinokuhlulwahlulwa zibe zezi ntlobo zilandelayo ngokwendlela ezibunjwe ngayo iikhemikhali. Indlela yokulinganisa yile ilandelayo:
4.1 I-Na-Cmc (iSodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose) I-Slurry
Olu daka lolona daka luqhelekileyo oluphucula i-viscosity, kwaye i-Na-CMC idlala indima ekuphuculeni i-viscosity ngakumbi kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi. Le fomyula yile: 150-200g yodongwe oluphezulu lwe-slurry, 1000ml yamanzi, 5-10Kg ye-soda ash, kunye ne-6kg ye-Na-CMC. Iimpawu zedaka zezi: ubuninzi 1.07-1.1 g/cm3, i-viscosity 25-35s, ukulahleka kwamanzi ngaphantsi kwe-12ml/30min, ixabiso le-pH malunga ne-9.5.
4.2 Iron Chromium Salt-Na-Cmc Slurry
Olu daka lunokuphucula i-viscosity kunye nozinzo oluqinileyo, kwaye ityuwa ye-chromium yentsimbi idlala indima ekuthinteleni ukuqunjelwa (ukunyibilika). Le fomyula yile: udongwe lwe-200g, amanzi ayi-1000ml, malunga ne-20% yokongeza isisombululo se-alkali esicocekileyo kwi-50% yoxinzelelo, ukongeza kwe-0.5% yesisombululo setyuwa ye-ferrochromium kwi-20% yoxinzelelo, kunye ne-0.1% ye-Na-CMC. Iimpawu zedaka zezi: ubuninzi be-1.10 g/cm3, i-viscosity 25s, ukulahleka kwamanzi yi-12ml/30min, i-pH 9.
4.3 I-Lignin Sulfonate Slurry
I-Lignin sulfonate isuka kwi-sulfite pulp waste liquid kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye ne-coal alkali agent ukusombulula i-anti-flocculation kunye nokulahleka kwamanzi kwi-slurry ngokusekelwe ekwandeni kwe-viscosity. Le fomyula yi-100-200kg yodongwe, i-30-40kg ye-sulfite pulp waste liquid, i-10-20kg ye-coal alkali agent, i-5-10kg ye-NaOH, i-5-10kg ye-defoamer, kunye ne-900-1000L yamanzi kwi-1m3 slurry. Iimpawu ze-slurry zezi: ubuninzi yi-1.06-1.20 g/cm3, i-funnel viscosity yi-18-40s, ukulahleka kwamanzi yi-5-10ml/30min, kunye ne-0.1-0.3kg ye-Na-CMC ingongezwa ngexesha lokugrumba ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi.
4.4 I-Humic Acid Slurry
I-humic acid slurry isebenzisa i-coal alkali agent okanye i-sodium humate njenge-stabilizer. Ingasetyenziswa kunye nezinye ii-arhente zonyango ezifana ne-Na-CMC. Indlela yokulungiselela i-humic acid slurry kukongeza i-150-200kg coal alkali agent (ubunzima obomileyo), i-3-5kg Na2CO3, kunye namanzi angama-900-1000L kwi-1m3 ye-slurry. Iipropati ze-slurry: ubuninzi yi-1.03-1.20 g/cm3, ukulahleka kwamanzi yi-4-10ml/30min, i-pH 9.
Ixesha leposi: Februwari-12-2025
