Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokuxinana kokutya kwiisekethe ze-ball mill lubalulekile ekuphuculeni iindlela zokucubungula imigodi yobhedu kunye nezinye iindlela zokucubungula izimbiwa. Kuye kwavela izixhobo ezininzi zanamhlanje kunye neendlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-ball mill kunye nokwenza ngcono inkqubo yokugaya ibhola. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo koxinano lwe-slurry kubalulekile kwizixhobo zokucubungula izimbiwa ukuze kugaywe ngokuzinzileyo. Ukulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi kwemigodi kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beenzwa eziphambili ezifana neenzwa zokungcangcazela eziphindaphindayo, iinzwa ze-ultrasonic ceramic, njl.
Ukuqonda Ukusila Iibhola Kwinkqubo Yezimbiwa
Iibhola zemitshini zizixhobo zekona kwizityalo zokucubungula izimbiwa, ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani beenxalenye ze-ore ukuze zikhutshwe kwaye zibuyiselwe ngokufanelekileyo. Embindini wazo, iibhola zemitshini ziindawo ezijikelezayo ze-cylindrical, ezizaliswe kancinci zizinto zokusila ezifana neebhola zentsimbi okanye iipellets ze-ceramic, ezisila i-ore ngomxube wempembelelo kunye namandla okukhubeka. Le nkqubo yokusila ibalulekile ekukhululweni kwezimbiwa, into ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke iindlela zokusila ezilandelayo—nokuba kukudada, ukuvuza, okanye ukwahlukana komxhuzulane.
Ukuchaza Indima YeeBall Mills Kwizityalo Zokucubungula Izimbiwa
Iibhola ezisebenza ngokusebenzisa amandla oomatshini ukuqhekeza i-ore. Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwemidiya yokusila kunye nobukhulu buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indlela yokuqhekeka, ukuphuma kwayo, kunye nokusasazwa kobukhulu beentwana. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kohlobo lwe-ore, imidiya yokusila, kunye nesantya sokusila kumisela isiseko sokusebenza ngempumelelo.
Iiparameters zokusebenza eziphambili ezifana nomthamo wetshaja, uyilo lwe-liner, kunye nomthwalo wemidiya zilungiselelwe ngononophelo ukuze kusebenze kakuhle ekugayweni nasekuncipheni kwamazinga okuguguleka. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa indibaniselwano echanekileyo yobukhulu bebhola kunye noxinano lwemidiya kuphucula zombini izinga lokuphuma kunye namazinga okukhululwa kwezimbiwa, ezibalulekileyo ekucutshungulweni kwee-ore ezinzima nezikumgangatho ophantsi ezidla ngokufunyanwa kwimigodi yobhedu.
Ulawulo lweFeeder - Ubungakanani beFeeder kunye neMill Tonnage
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Iibhola zemill liner nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iqokobhe lemill, ziququzelela ukuhamba kakuhle kwemidiya, kwaye zixhase iipatheni zokuhamba kweentwana ezifunekayo. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kwe-liner kunye nemidiya, okuxhaswa ngokujonga amazinga okuguguleka kwemidiya yokusila kunye nomphumo womatshini wokusila, kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuzinzileyo kunye nokuthintela iindleko.
Ukubaluleka Okubalulekileyo Kokugaywa Kweebhola Kwimisebenzi Yomgodi Wethusi
Kwimigodi yobhedu, ukugaywa kwebhola kubaluleke kakhulu. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba i-ore iyaqhekeka kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuze iiminerali zobhedu zahlulwe kwi-gangue ejikelezileyo. Njengoko imizimba ye-ore isiya kwiindidi eziphantsi kunye nobunzima obandayo, amaqhinga okugaywa kwebhola kufuneka avumelane nokutshintsha kwe-mineralogy, ubunzima be-ore, kunye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza.
Izigulane ezine-ore etyebileyo kwi-bornite, umzekelo, zihlala zibona ukugaywa okulula kunye namazinga aphezulu okukhululwa, ngelixa i-ore etyebileyo kwi-chalcopyrite, enobunzima obukhulu, ibeka imingeni yokukhupha kwaye yonyusa imfuno yamandla. Iindlela eziphambili zokucubungula imigodi yobhedu ngoku zigxininisa uyilo olukhethekileyo lwe-ball mill kunye nokukhethwa kwemidiya eyenzelwe wena ukuze kwandiswe ukubuyiselwa kunye nokunciphisa ukugaywa kakhulu, ukunciphisa iindleko zamandla kunye nokulahleka kwezimbiwa. Ukugcinwa rhoqo—ingakumbi malunga nee-mill liners kunye nolawulo lwemidiya yokugaywa—kuxhasa ngakumbi ukuthembeka kokusebenza kunye nokuzinza koqoqosho.
Isishwankathelo soLawulo loXinzelelo lweZidlo kunye nokuSebenza kakuhle kokusila
Uxinaniso lokutya—umlinganiselo wezinto eziqinileyo kwi-slurry ezisiwa kwi-ball mill—lutshintsho olubalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukusebenza kakuhle kokusila kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Uxinaniso oluphezulu kakhulu lonyusa i-slurry viscosity, nto leyo ebangela ukuxubana okungahambi kakuhle kunye nokutsalwa kwamandla amaninzi, ngelixa uphantsi kakhulu kuthintela ukudlula kwaye kunciphisa amazinga okuqhekeka. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwesantya sokutya kunye noxinaniso lwenza abaqhubi bakwazi ukugcina ukwaphuka kwamasuntswana afanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-torque, kunye nokonga amandla.
Iitekhnoloji zokulinganisa uxinano lwe-inline ngexesha langempela, kuquka izixhobo ze-ultrasonic ezingezizo ezenyukliya ezifana neLonnmeter, zisetyenziswa ngakumbi ukujonga iipropati ze-slurry kunye nokubonelela ngempendulo ekhawulezileyo yokulungiswa kwenkqubo. Le teknoloji ixhasa ulawulo oluguquguqukayo, izinzisa ngokuthembekileyo ukusebenza kwe-mill kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusila. Ngokudibanisa iinkqubo zokulawula ukutya kunye nomlinganiselo woxinano oluphambili lwe-inline, izityalo zokucubungula izimbiwa zifumana umgangatho ophezulu wemveliso kunye neendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokukhupha ubhedu kunye neminye imisebenzi yokukhulula izimbiwa.
Ngamafutshane, ukusebenza kwe-ball mill, ukukhethwa kunye nokuguguleka kwe-grinding media, ukugcinwa kwe-liner, kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo lokutya kunye kugqiba ukusebenza kakuhle kweendlela zokucubungula izimbiwa. Ezi zicwangciso zixhasa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-ball milling ukuze kukhululwe izimbiwa, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu njengemigodi yobhedu yanamhlanje, apho izixhobo kunye nokulungiswa kwenkqubo kubaluleke kakhulu ekubuyiselweni kwezimbiwa okuzinzileyo nokungabizi kakhulu.
Imidiya Yokugrumba: Ukukhetha, Ukusebenza, kunye Nokunxiba
Ukusebenza kwe-ball mill ekucubungulweni kwezimbiwa, ingakumbi ekutsalweni kwe-copper mill, kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekukhetheni nasekuphuculeni i-grinding media. Ukukhetha i-media efanelekileyo akuchaphazeli nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-grinding kunye nokukhululwa kwezimbiwa kodwa kukwachaphazela noqoqosho lokusebenza kunye nexesha elide lezixhobo.
Iintlobo zeMedia zokuGrind ezisetyenziswa kwiBall Mills kwiMineral Ores
Iibhola zemitshini zisebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokusila, apho uhlobo oluthile lukhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zentsimbi, ubungakanani bokusila obufunekayo, kunye noyilo lwesekethe. Iindidi eziphambili ziquka:
Iibhola zeNsimbi eziBunjiweyo:Zinconywa ngamandla aphezulu oomatshini kunye nokumelana okuphezulu nokuqhekeka, iibhola zentsimbi ezibunjiweyo zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindlela zokucubungula imigodi yobhedu. Zibonisa iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo kokubini ekugayweni okumanzi nokomileyo, zibonelela ngokuqhekeka kwamasuntswana rhoqo kunye namazinga aphantsi okuguguleka kwemidiya.
Iibhola zentsimbi eziphosiweyo (ezine-chrome ephezulu kunye nentsimbi eqhelekileyo):Iibhola ezixotyulweyo, ingakumbi ii-chrome eziphezulu, zinika ukumelana nokukrala okwandileyo, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kakuhle kwiindlela zokucubungula izimbiwa ezirhabaxa. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zazo eziphezulu zemveliso kunye nokusebenza kweekhemikhali okunokwenzeka kwiisekethe ezithile zobhedu kunokuchaphazela uqoqosho lweendaba kunye neziphumo zokudada.
I-Ceramic Media (i-Alumina kunye ne-Zirconia):Isetyenziswa ekugayweni kwakhona okanye kwiindlela ezikhethekileyo ezifuna ukugaywa kakuhle kakhulu kunye nongcoliseko oluncinci. Iingenelo zazo ziquka ukumelana nokuguguleka okuhle kakhulu kunye nongcoliseko oluncinci lwenkqubo, kodwa iindleko eziphezulu kunye nokuqina okuncinci kokuqhekeka kuyayithintela ukusetyenziswa kwazo ekugayweni okukhulu kobhedu.
IiCylpebs kunye neeRods:Ezi ndlela zikhethwa ngamanye amaxesha kwiisayizi ezithile zokusila okanye kwiisekethe ezixutyiweyo. Imilo yazo eyahlukileyo ichaphazela amandla oqhagamshelwano kunye neepateni zokuqhekeka, eziluncedo kwezinye iindlela zokukhulula izimbiwa.
Impembelelo yoBukhulu beMedia, iJiyometri, kunye noBuninzi kwiNtsebenzo yokuGrina kunye noKhululo lweziMbiwa
Iimpawu zeendaba zichaphazela kakhulu ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yokusila ibhola kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokukhululwa kwezimbiwa ezixabisekileyo:
Ubungakanani boHlelo:Ukusebenzisa umxube weebhola ezinkulu nezincinci kuqinisekisa ukuba iinxalenye ezinkulu ziyaqhekeka kakuhle kwaye zigaywa kakuhle. Iibhola ezinkulu zinika amandla aphezulu okubetha, ayimfuneko ekuqhekekeni kweengceba ezinkulu ze-ore, ngelixa iibhola ezincinci ziphucula ukukhululwa kweeminerali ezincinci.
Ijiyometri kunye neMilo:Imidiya ejikelezayo ibonelela ngokusasazwa komthwalo ofanayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokusila kunye nokuveliswa kwamaqhezu amancinci ajoliswe kuwo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iimilo ezizezinye (umz., ii-cylpebs) zilungisa iprofayili yoqhagamshelwano, ngamanye amaxesha zinceda kwiintlobo ezithile ze-ore okanye ubungakanani bemveliso obufunekayo.
Uxinano:Uxinano lwemidiya lumisela ukudluliselwa kwamandla ngexesha lokungqubana. Uxinano lwemidiya olusezantsi lubonakalise ukukhululeka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwizicelo zokuhlaziya kwakhona, ngelixa ukhetho loxinano oluphezulu lukhethwa kwiisekethe zokugaya eziqinileyo ezine-high-throughput.
Umzekelo:Kwisekethe yokuhlaziya ye-IsaMill, ukusebenzisa iibhola zeseramikhi ezinoxinano oluphantsi kunye nobukhulu bemidiya eguquguqukayo kwenze ukuba kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla athile kwaye kuphuculwe ukukhululeka kokuntywila okulandelayo.
Iziphumo zezoqoqosho nezokusebenza zoKhetho oluLungileyo lweMidiya yokuGrindisha
Iziphumo zoqoqosho zokukhetha izixhobo zokusila zichaphazela kakhulu iindlela zokucubungula imigodi yobhedu:
Ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kweendaba:Izinga lokuguguleka kwemidiya lilawula ngokuthe ngqo amaxesha okutshintshwa kwezinto kunye nokuthengwa kwazo. Ukuphucula uhlobo lwezinto, ubungakanani, kunye nokuhlelwa kwazo kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngonyaka nge-10-15%.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokugaya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla:Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo kuphucula imveliso kwaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla athile, nto leyo eguqulela ekubeni buthathaka kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Iziphumo Zokucubungula Ezisezantsi:Ukwakheka kwemidiya kunokuchaphazela ikhemistri yomphezulu weeminerali, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukusebenza kakuhle kokudada okanye ukuvuza okulandelayo. Ukukhetha okungafanelekanga kunokufuna ukwanda kwedosi ye-reagent okanye kukhokelele ekungcoleni okungafunekiyo kwemveliso.
Ixesha elide lezixhobo zokugaya:Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-grinding media kunye ne-ball mill liners kunefuthe kwimijikelo yokugcinwa. I-media enezinga eliphantsi lokuguguleka kunye nokuqhekeka kwayo ikhusela ubomi be-liner, inciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elicwangcisiweyo kunye nelahleko yemveliso enxulumene nayo.
Umzekelo:Imisebenzi esebenzisa inkqubo yeLonnmeter kunye nokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela ibonakalise ukuphuculwa kokukhethwa kwemidiya, inika ukusebenza kakuhle kokusila kwebhola kunye neeshedyuli zokutshintsha imidiya ezinokuqikelelwa ngakumbi.
Ukukhethwa ngobuchule kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo zokugaya kwi-ball milling ukuze kukhululwe izimbiwa kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukubuyiswa kwazo, ukugcina imveliso yazo, kunye nokulawula iindleko kulo lonke uthotho lwexabiso lokucubungula izimbiwa kwimizi-mveliso.
Ukusila iiBhola zeMigodi yeCopper: Iimpawu zeOre kunye noLawulo lokuTya
I-ore ye-copper yeesekethe ze-ball mill yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: i-oxide kunye ne-sulfide. Ngayinye ifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucubungula izimbiwa kunye namaqhinga okutya i-ball mill ngenxa yomahluko osisiseko we-mineralological kunye nowe-physical.
Ii-oxide ores, ezifana ne-malachite kunye ne-azurite, zenziwe ngobhedu oludityaniswe neoksijini. Ezi ores zithambile, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuzityumza nokuzicola. Kwiindlela zokucubungula imigodi yobhedu, ii-oxyde ores zihlala zifuna ukucolwa kancinci ngaphambi kokuba zicolwe—i-acid leaching yindlela eqhelekileyo yokucubungula izimbiwa, isebenzise ukunyibilika kwazo okuqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukusebenza kwebhola kwi-oxide ore kudla ngokujolisa kubungakanani bokucolwa obuqinileyo, ukunciphisa amandla angeniswayo kunye nokuguguleka kwimidiya yokusila. Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yokusila ibhola apha kubeka phambili ukuphuphuma ngelixa kujoliswa kubungakanani beenxalenye ezilungelelanisa ukukhululwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-leach.
Ii-ore ze-sulfide, ezifana ne-chalcopyrite kunye ne-bornite, zenza iiminerali zobhedu ezidityaniswe ne-sulfur. Ezi ore zihlala zinzima kwaye zingabi nampendulo ingako ekutsaleni i-acid ngqo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kugaywe kakuhle kwii-ball mills ukuze kufumaneke inkululeko eyaneleyo yokukhupha ubhedu olusekelwe kwi-flotation. I-ore ye-sulfide yokugaywa ifuna ubungakanani bokutya obucolekileyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kusetyenziswa amandla amaninzi kunye nengqwalasela engakumbi ekukhetheni iintlobo zemidiya yokugaywa ezifanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa. Iibhola zentsimbi ezibunjiweyo zihlala zithandwa kwi-sulfide ore ngenxa yokuqina kwazo phantsi kweemeko zokuguguleka okuphezulu, kunye nokubola, ngelixa iibhola ze-chromium ephezulu zinokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezithile zokusebenza nangona iindleko ziphezulu. Imfuneko yee-liners ze-ball mill ezisebenzayo kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo iyanda ngokwendalo yokurhawuzelela kwe-sulfide feeds.
I-mineralology ye-ore kwimigodi emikhulu yobhedu evulekileyo ayifane ihlale imile. Iidipozithi ezininzi zibonisa iindawo ezixutyiweyo ze-oxide-sulfide, ingakumbi xa kutshintshelwa phakathi kwe-ore ewohlokileyo neyeyona iphambili. Ukulawula olu tshintsho kubalulekile ekutyeni kwebhola kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo kwezityalo. Utshintsho oluqhubekayo lwe-mineralological lunokutshintsha izinga elifanelekileyo lokuguguleka kwemidiya yokugaya, luchaphazele ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zokucubungula izimbiwa, kwaye lutshintshe iimfuno zokugaya ibhola ukuze kukhululwe izimbiwa. Umzekelo, ukuxuba imijelo evela kwiibhentshi ezahlukeneyo okanye kwiindawo ze-ore buffers kondla uguquko, ngelixa iimodeli ze-thermodynamic (iidayagram ze-Eh-pH) zixhasa ukukhethwa kwesicwangciso esiguquguqukayo sokuphucula ukubuyiswa kobhedu kwi-mixed-mineral feeds. Kwezinye iimeko, ukucubungula imijelo exutyiweyo endaweni yokuyihlukanisa kuphucula ukusebenzisana kwe-galvanic, kunyusa amazinga okunyibilika kwesinyithi ngexesha lokutsalwa okanye ukutyibilika.
Unyango lwangaphambi kwe-microwave lwe-sulfide ores lubonakaliswe kutshanje ukuba lutshintsha iimpawu zokuphuka kwe-ore, nto leyo ebangela ukusasazwa kwemveliso erhabaxa kunye nemilo yee-particle ezinde. Oku kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokusila kwe-ball mill kwaye kunokuxhasa ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo esezantsi-njengokuphuculwa kokudada-okubonisa ukuba ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwe-ore kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwizicwangciso zokulawula ukutya okuphambili.
Ulungiselelo lokugcina ukutya okulinganayo kwemigodi luqala ebusweni bomgodi. Ulawulo lwempahla egciniweyo lubalulekile, lusebenza njenge-buffer phakathi kokuphuma kwemigodi eguquguqukayo kunye nokutya okuzinzileyo okufunekayo kwiibhola zemigodi. Iimpahla ezigciniweyo zangaphambi kokutyumza kunye neziphambili zenzelwe ukugcina i-ore kuphela kodwa nokwenza kube lula ukuxubana okuvela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwemihla ngemihla kunye nokutshintsha-tshintsha. Ukwakhiwa nokubuyiswa kwempahla egciniweyo ngononophelo kuqinisekisa ukuxuba okufanayo, ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwenqanaba kunye nokubonelela ngolwakhiwo oluhambelanayo lweminerali kwisekethe yokutyumza.
Uyilo lwe-feeder luchaphazela ngakumbi ukuhambelana kokutya kunye nokusebenza kwe-ball mill. Kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu ze-ore pit, ii-feeder kufuneka zilungiselele uluhlu olubanzi lwee-ore fragments kunye nobuninzi obukhulu. Ukudibanisa umlinganiselo ochanekileyo woxinano oluphakathi- kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezifana neLonnmeter-entloko ye-feeder kwenza kube lula ukujonga nokulawula uxinano lwe-ore feed ngexesha langempela, kuxhasa iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusila kunye nokukhupha. Iinkqubo ze-feeder ezinokuthenjwa zilwa nokunyuka okanye ukuvaleka, zizinzile ukuhanjiswa kwe-ore kwisekethe yokusila ibhola.
Ngokubanzi, ukuphumelela kokusila ibhola kwimigodi yobhedu kuxhomekeke ekuhlengahlengiseni ulawulo lokutya ukuya kwi-ore mineralogy, ukuxuba kunye nokudibanisa imithombo eguquguqukayo, kunye nokusebenzisa izinto eziqinileyo—ukusuka kwiindawo zokugcina ukuya kwiindawo zokutya—ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka. Oku kuvelisa ukukhululwa kwezimbiwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukubuyiswa kobhedu okuphezulu, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiindawo zokumba ezintsonkothileyo.
Iindlela kunye nezixhobo zoLawulo loXinzelelo lokuTya
Ukulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo: Uhlalutyo lweeSensors kunye nobungakanani beeParticles
Abaqhubi baxhomekeke kwiisensa ukuze bavavanye ngexesha langempela iimpawu ze-slurry kunye nokutya. Iisensa zokusebenzisa zijonga ukuhamba kobunzima, ngelixa iinkqubo zohlalutyo lobungakanani bezinto zokutya—ezihlala zifakelwa kwiibhanti zokuhambisa okanye kwii-feed hoppers—zibonelela ngedatha ye-granularity ekhawulezileyo yeentlobo zemidiya yokusila kunye nezigqibo zokusetyenziswa. Iindlela zokuthatha iisampulu ezingaphakathi, kunye nee-analyzers zobungakanani bezinto, zivumela ukuqinisekiswa okuqhubekayo kobuncinci be-mill feed, utshintsho oluphambili ekusileni ibhola ukuze kukhululwe izimbiwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusila kwe-ball mill.
Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi: Ubuchwephesha kunye neenzuzo
Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kuxinano lwe-slurry kubalulekile kwizixhobo zokucubungula izimbiwa ukuze kugaywe ngendlela ezinzileyo. Ukulinganiswa koxinano olungaphakathi kwemigodi kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beenzwa eziphambili ezifana neenzwa zokungcangcazela eziphindaphindayo, iinzwa zeceramic ezisekelwe kwi-ultrasonic spectroscopy, kunye ne-applied current magnetic induction tomography (AC-MIT).
- Izinzwa zokungcangcazela eziphindaphindwayobona utshintsho olukwimigca kubuninzi be-slurry kunye ne-viscosity, kunye neempawu zokuzicoca ezinciphisa ukungcola kunye nokugcinwa.
- Izinzwa ze-ceramic ultrasonicZibonelela ngokumelana nokukrweleka kunye nokulinganisa okungenamkhukuliseko, zifanelekile kwiindawo ezinzima ze-ball mill. Zibonelela ngokusebenza okungenamkhuseli kunye nomthamo ophezulu, zixhasa ii-liners ze-ball mill kunye neendlela zokulungisa.
- Izinzwa ze-AC-MITvumela ukulinganisa okungadibaniyo, ukunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye nokuguga kwiinkqubo zokujikeleza kwegazi okuqhubekayo.
Iingenelo eziphambili zokulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi ziquka:
- Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinano lwepulp ngexesha langempela, lubalulekile ekutsaleni nasekugayweni kobhedu.
- Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle ngokusebenzisa impendulo yexesha langempela, ukunciphisa iimpazamo zabantu kunye nokuxhomekeka kwisampuli yelabhoratri.
- Umgangatho wemveliso ophuculweyo ngolawulo oluthe ngqo kumxholo wezinto eziqinileyo, uxinano lwe-slurry, kunye nesantya sokuguguleka kwemidiya yokusila.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo zokubeka esweni uxinano olungaphakathi, ezifana nezo zichazwe kwi-Inline Density Monitoring for Ball Mills, kuvumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo noluzenzekelayo loxinano lwepulp, ukuphucula iindlela zokucubungula izimbiwa kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo.
Ukulinganisela Ukongezwa Kwamanzi, Ubuninzi Besiludaka, kunye Nomxholo Wezinto Eziqinileyo
Ukongezwa kwamanzi okufanelekileyo kwi-ball milling kumisela uxinano oluphezulu lwe-slurry ukuze kusebenze kakuhle ekugayweni. Izifundo zoshishino zibonisa ukuba ukulawula umlinganiselo wamanzi, izinto eziqinileyo zokutya, kunye nohlobo lwe-grinding media akuphuculi nje kuphela ukwenziwa kwamandla kodwa kunciphisa nokusetyenziswa kwamandla athile. Iimodeli ze-Response surface methodology (RSM) ziqinisekisa imiphumo enamandla yokongezwa kwamanzi kunye namazinga okuzaliswa kwe-media ekusebenziseni amandla kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo.
Izixhobo zokulinganisa ezinamandla, ezifana nee-inline density probes kunye nee-particle size sensors, ziqinisekisa ukuba i-pulp density ihlala ngaphakathi kumanqanaba afanelekileyo kwiindlela zokucubungula imigodi yobhedu. Uhlengahlengiso lokongeza amanzi luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-slurry viscosity, ukusebenzisana kwe-grinding media, kunye namazinga okukhululwa kwe-ore.
Iinkqubo zoLawulo oluZenzekelayo kunye neeLoops zeMpendulo
Iibhola zanamhlanje zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokulawula ezenzekelayo ukulawula uxinaniso lokutya. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa ii-feedback loops ezisekelwe kwi-sensor ukulawula amazinga okutya, uxinano lwe-slurry, kunye nobushushu ngexesha langempela. Umzekelo, ii-temperature sensors kwiindawo zokungena ze-mill zikhokela ukulungiswa kwesantya sokutya, zigcina umswakama oxutyiweyo ongaphantsi kwemida ebalulekileyo.
Iikhompyutha kunye neekhamera zoshishino zinokongeza kwiingeniso zesensor ukuze zijongwe ngokupheleleyo, zivumele ukulungiswa okuzimeleyo ukuphendula kwiinguqu kwiimpawu zokutya okanye umthwalo womatshini wokugaya. Le ndlela yokuphendula eguquguqukayo inciphisa ukuxhomekeka komqhubi, inciphisa ukuguquguquka, kwaye yonyusa ukwenziwa kobhedu. Izifundo zemfundo ziqinisekisa ukuba ezi nkqubo ziphucula uzinzo lwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komatshini wokugaya.
Impembelelo yoLawulo lweNkqubo oluPhambili ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasekusetyenzisweni kwamandla
Iinkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo oluphambili (APC) zisebenzisa iindlela ezidibeneyo nezizenzekelayo ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokusila kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi ekugayweni kwebhola. Izifundo zasentsimini malunga neendlela zokucubungula imigodi yobhedu zibonisa ukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kwayo—njengokonyuka ukusuka kwi-541 ukuya kwi-571 tph—xa i-APC isebenza. Ukuguquguquka koxinano lwepulp kuyehla, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla athile kuyehla ngaphezulu kwe-5%.
I-APC iphucula iiparameter zokusila ezifana noxinzelelo oluqinileyo, umthwalo we-mill, ixesha lokusila, kunye nesantya se-stirrer. Olu lawulo luphucula ukusila kwebhola ukuze kukhululwe izimbiwa, lunciphisa amazinga okuguguleka, kwaye lunceda kwii-liners ze-ball mill eziqikelelweyo kunye neshedyuli yokugcinwa. Uzinzo lwenkqubo luyaqina, luhambelana neenjongo zoshishino zokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nemilinganiselo yokusingqongileyo ephuculweyo.
Ngamafutshane, indibaniselwano yemilinganiselo ethe ngqo, ukujonga uxinano olungaphakathi, ulawulo lwe-dynamic slurry, impendulo ezenzekelayo, kunye nezixhobo zolawulo lwenkqubo eziphambili kunye ziseka isiseko solawulo lokutya kwebhola olusebenzayo, oluqikelelweyo, noluzinzileyo kwizityalo zanamhlanje zokucubungula izimbiwa.
Uyilo lweBall Mill kunye nokuphucula amandla
Uphuhliso lweZakhiwo zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ekusileni i-Copper Ore
Uphuculo olukhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-ball mill kwiindlela zokucubungula imigodi yobhedu lugxile kwiimpawu zesakhiwo ezinciphisa iimfuno zamandla. Uphuhliso oluphawulekayo luquka ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo zokuqhuba ezisebenzayo, ii-liners eziphuculweyo, kunye noyilo lwe-shell oluphuculweyo.
Iinkqubo zokuqhuba ezisebenzayo, ezifana neePermanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs), ziyasetyenziswa ngakumbi ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukuqala ngokulula. IiPMSM zinegalelo kwi-mill startups ezithambileyo, ukunciphisa imfuno yamandla aphezulu, kunye nobomi obude beemoto, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iindleko zokusebenza ziphantsi kunye nokuveliswa kwe-ore okuhlala kuhleli. Uyilo lweqokobhe oluphuculweyo, olubandakanya izixhobo eziphambili kunye nejometri, lunciphisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwintshukumo kwaye luvumela ukuxuba kunye nokusila i-ore ngempumelelo.
Itekhnoloji yeLiner ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo. Uphuhliso lwezinto zeliner—ezifana nerabha engagugiyo kunye noyilo oludibeneyo—lunciphisa izinga lokuguguleka kwemidiya yokusila, lunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kweeleya zebhola kunye nokugcinwa. Ii-angles zobuso be-lifter ezilungiselelwe kakuhle, eziqinisekiswe yi-discrete element method (DEM) simulations kunye ne-real-world trials, i-balance ore lift kunye ne-trajectory length ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-comminution ngelixa kunciphisa ukuguguleka kwe-liner. Ukulungisa i-geometry ye-lifter yodwa kunokubangela ukunciphisa amandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6%, okongeza ukonga amandla ngokubanzi.
Lilonke, ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yokonga amandla kufikelela ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15–30%. Oku kwenzeka ngokudityaniswa kwezinto zangaphakathi ze-mill eziphuculweyo kunye nokudluliselwa kwamandla ngempumelelo ngakumbi kwi-copper ore ngexesha lenkqubo yokusila.
Umatshini wokusila ibhola
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Iinkqubo zoLawulo lweSisantya seMill, uMthwalo, kunye noHlanganiso lweSisekethe sokuGrind
Iinkqubo zolawulo eziphucukileyo zivumela ukwenziwa ngcono kweeparameter ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza ekugayweni kwebhola ngexesha langempela, kubandakanya isantya sokugaywa, umthwalo webhola, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweesekethe zokugaywa. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa amaqonga afana neProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLC) kunye neSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), zinika abaqhubi ulwalathiso oluguquguqukayo kunye nokungenelela okuzenzakalelayo.
Umzekelo, izisombululo zolawulo lwenkqubo oluphambili (APC) zigcina isantya esifanelekileyo sokugawula kunye neethagethi zobukhulu bokugawula ezichanekileyo, zisebenzisa impendulo yexesha langempela evela kumlinganiselo woxinano oluphakathi kunye nezikhombisi zesimo sesekethe. Ukutshaja kwemidiya ezenzekelayo kulungisa umthamo kunye nohlobo lwemidiya yokugawula, kuthintela iziganeko zokutshaja ngaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu ezinokuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kakuhle kokugawula kwaye zonyuse ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezi nkqubo kudibanisa i-ball mill nezixhobo zokucubungula izimbiwa ezisezantsi neziphezulu, okuvumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo. Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya kwe-copper ore okanye ukusebenza kwesekethe lubangela iimpendulo zolawulo olukhawulezileyo ezigcina ukusebenza kakuhle, zizinzise ubungakanani bemveliso, kwaye zinciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Inzuzo kwiNdalo nakwiQoqosho evela kwiMilling yeBhola eNgcono yaMandla
Ukwamkelwa komatshini wokusila iibhola ophuculiweyo ngamandla kwiindlela zokucubungula izimbiwa kuzisa iingenelo ezinkulu zokusingqongileyo nezemali. Ukusetyenziswa kombane okuncitshisiweyo kunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza, nto leyo enokumela inxenye enkulu yenkcitho iyonke yomgodi wobhedu. Kwizityalo ezisebenzisa iifektri ezininzi, ukonga okuhlanganisiweyo okuvela kuyilo olusebenzisa amandla kakuhle kunye neenkqubo zolawulo kubalulekile.
Ngokwendalo, imfuno ephantsi yamandla inciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, ihambelana neenjongo zolawulo kunye nokuzinza ngokuzithandela. Umzekelo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesekethe yokugaya kunciphisa imfuneko yeenkqubo ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi ngakumbi ezantsi ekutsalweni kobhedu. Amanqanaba engxolo kunye nongcoliseko lokuthambisa, iingxaki eziqhubekayo kwiimashini zemveli, nazo ziyancipha ngokusetyenziswa kwee-drives eziphambili kunye nee-liners ezilungisiweyo.
Ubuchule beenkqubo ezifana neenkqubo zokukhupha i-grate zonyusa ukukhutshwa kwe-ore kwaye ziphucula ukugaywa kwebhola ukuze kukhululwe izimbiwa ngelixa zinciphisa ukugaywa kakhulu—into ephambili ekuphuculeni ukubuyiswa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo.Umlinganiselo woxinano oluphakathikwezemigodi kuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwenkqubo, kuxhasa ukonga amandla ngakumbi kunye nokwenza ngcono izixhobo.
Isiphumo esidibeneyo kukuphucuka okuphawulekayo kokubini kwimeko entle kwezoqoqosho kunye neprofayili yozinzo lwemisebenzi yokusila i-copper ore.
Ukulinganisela Ukukhululwa Kwezimbiwa kunye Nomngcipheko Wokucola Ngokugqithisileyo
Uxinaniso lokutya lunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza kakuhle kokukhululwa kwezimbiwa kwiindlela zokucubungula imigodi yobhedu. Ekusebenzeni kwe-ball mill, uxinaniso oluqinileyo olukhethwe kakuhle kwi-mill feed lunokukhawulezisa amazinga okuqhekeka kwaye luphucule ukukhululwa ngelixa lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okungeyomfuneko. Uphando lubonisa ukuba, ukuze kuphuculwe inkqubo yokugaya ibhola, uxinaniso lokutya oluphezulu kakhulu lukhokelela ekuhlanganisweni kwamasuntswana, okuthintela ukukhululwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokugaya. Kwi-concentrations ephantsi, ukuqhekeka akusebenzi kakuhle, kwaye ukukhululeka kunokwenzeka, okubonisa ukuba kufuneka ibhalansi ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kokugxila Kwisondlo, Ukugaya Imidiya, kunye Nokusebenza Kakuhle Kwenkululeko
Uhlobo kunye nobukhulu be-grinding media buchaphazela kakhulu ukukhululwa kwiindlela zokucubungula izimbiwa. Iibhola zentsimbi zixhaphakile kodwa zinokukhuthaza i-oxidation yomphezulu, zincede ukudada kwezimbiwa ezifana ne-pyrite kwaye zinciphise ukudada kwezimbiwa zobhedu ezifana ne-chalcopyrite. I-nano-ceramic media, ngokuchaseneyo, idla ngokukhuthaza ukufunxwa okukhethekileyo kweziqokeleli ze-xanthate, iphucule ukukhululwa kwe-chalcopyrite kunye nokubuyiselwa emva koko. Ubungqina bovavanyo obusebenzisa i-scanning electron microscopy kunye novavanyo lwe-flotation buqinisekisa ezi ziphumo zekhemistri yomphezulu ezixhomekeke kwi-media.
Ngaphezu koko, ukwakheka kwemidiya kunye namanqanaba okuzaliswa kwemigodi kuchaphazela i-kinetics yokusila kunye nokudluliselwa kwamandla. Ukusasazwa kobukhulu bemidiya obuncinci ngokubanzi kuvelisa amazinga aphezulu okukhululwa kodwa kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokusila kakhulu ukuba awulawulwa ngononophelo. Izinga lokuguguleka kwemidiya, ii-ball mill liners kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nomthwalo wemidiya kufuneka uhlolwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze kuphuhliswe indawo efanelekileyo yokusila yokutsalwa kobhedu.
Amaqhinga okunciphisa ukugaya kakhulu: Ukuphucula ixesha lokuhlala kunye nokudibanisa iiMedia
Ukugaywa kakhulu—ukunciphisa iiminerali ezixabisekileyo zibe ziisuntswana ezincinci kakhulu—konakalisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokudada kunye nomgangatho wokuxinana. Ukuthintela oku, ukusasazwa kwexesha lokuhlala (RTD) ngaphakathi kwe-ball mill kufuneka kuphuculwe. Ngokwesiqhelo, iindlela zokulandelela kunye neemodeli ze-RTD (ii-reactors ze-N-series) zivumela ukujonga ngokuchanekileyo amaxesha okuhlala aphakathi. Idatha ibonisa ukuba amaxesha okuhlala aphakathi kwemizuzu eli-1.7 ukuya kwelesi-8.3 kwii-industrial ball mills avumela ukukhululeka okufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuncitshiswa kakhulu.
Umxube wemidiya olungiselelwe wena ujongana nokukhululwa kunye nomngcipheko wokusila kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa umxube weentlobo kunye nobukhulu bemidiya, obusekelwe kwi-mineralology ye-ore kunye nobukhulu bokugaywa okujoliswe kuko, kuvelisa ubuncinci bemveliso efanelekileyo kwaye kuphucula ukukhululwa kweminerali. Umzekelo, ukuxuba i-medium yentsimbi kunye ne-ceramic, okanye ukutshintsha ukusasazwa kobukhulu bebhola ngokusekelwe kwimodeli ye-kinetic, kulungisa iprofayili yokuqhekeka, kunciphisa ukuvela kwe-fines ezinokubangela ukugquma kwe-slime kunye nokukhetha okungalunganga kwe-flotation.
Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi kwemigodi, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifana neLonnmeter, kubonelela ngempendulo yexesha langempela malunga noxinano lokutya kwemigodi. Oku kwenza kube lula uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo lokusebenza, kugcinwa imeko yokusila ehambelanayo efanelekileyo yokukhululwa kwezimbiwa kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha omngcipheko ophezulu wokusila kakhulu. Iingenelo zokulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi kwemigodi zifikelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokusila kwemigodi yebhola okuzinzileyo kunye nomgangatho wokuxinanisa ophinda uphindaphindwe.
Iziphumo ekuBuyiselweni kweCopper esezantsi kunye nomgangatho weConcentrate
Ukukhululwa okufanelekileyo yindlela efanelekileyo yokubuyisela ubhedu oluphezulu kunye nomgangatho wokugxila. Xa ukugaywa kwebhola ukuze kukhululwe izimbiwa kulungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo, izimbiwa zekopolo ezikhululekileyo zilungelelaniswa ngokulula ngokudada, nto leyo ephucula amazinga okubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Izifundo ziqinisekisa ukuba ukugaya okufutshane kunye nokukhetha kwemidiya ekhethiweyo kuphucula inkululeko yezimbiwa zekopolo kwi-gangue, nto leyo enceda ngokuthe ngqo ekukhetheni ukudada kunye nobunyulu bokugxila.
Nangona kunjalo, ukunciphisa ubukhulu obugqithisileyo ngenxa yokusila kakhulu kudala amaqhezu amahle kakhulu athanda ukuxinana kunye nokugquma kweslime. La maqhezu kunzima ukuwafumana ngokufanelekileyo xa eqengqeleka, anokunciphisa amanqanaba omxube wekopolo, kwaye anokunyusa iiminerali ze-gangue ezingafunekiyo ngenxa yokukhetha okungalunganga. Ukongeza, ukwanda kwamazinga okuguguleka kwemidiya yokugaya kwiimitshini ezizaliswe kakhulu kwenza iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kube mandundu.
Ngokudibanisa uxinaniso lokutya olulawulwayo, ixesha lokuhlala elilungiselelweyo, kunye nokudibanisa izixhobo zokugaya ezicwangcisiweyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokugaya ibhola kuyanda. Le ndlela inika iiminerali zobhedu ezikhululekileyo ngokuthembekileyo, amazinga aphezulu okukhupha, kunye nomgangatho ohambelanayo wokugxila, ohambelana neendlela ezilungileyo zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokucubungula izimbiwa kunye neendlela zokucubungula imigodi yobhedu.
Ukuphuculwa kweNkqubo kwiMigodi yoCopper: Abaqhubi bezoQoqosho kunye nokusebenza
Iindleko zokusebenza ekucutshungulweni kwemigodi yobhedu zilawulwa zizinto ezininzi ezinxulumeneyo. Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ziquka ukukhethwa kunye nokuguguleka kwemidiya yokusila, ukusebenza kwe-mill liner, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokuguquguquka kokutya kwe-ore. Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo ngempumelelo kuxhomekeke ekuqondeni nasekulawuleni ezi nguqu ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kunye nokusebenza kwe-metallurgical.
I-grinding media ibangela inxalenye enkulu yeendleko zokusebenza kwe-ball mill. Uhlobo, ububanzi, kunye nezinto ze-grinding media zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, i-grinding kinetics, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokukhululwa kwezimbiwa ekucutshungulweni kwe-copper ore. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba i-grinding media enkulu, efana neebhola ze-15 mm, inokunciphisa ixesha lokusila kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-22.5% xa kuthelekiswa nobukhulu obuncinci, nto leyo eguqulela ekongeni okuphawulekayo kokusebenza kunye nokukhupha okuphezulu. Indawo yomphezulu ngeyunithi nganye amandla okufakwayo yi-metric echanekileyo yokuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-grinding media kunobunzima obupheleleyo okanye inani. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-media, ezifana nentsimbi okanye i-ceramics, kukwachaphazela izinga lokuguguleka lilonke kunye nepatheni yokuqhekeka kwezimbiwa, nto leyo echaphazela ngakumbi ixesha elide lokusebenza kunye nokubuyiselwa kobhedu. Kwiindawo zokusila i-copper ore, ukugqwala kwe-steel media kungenziwa mandundu yi-sulfides, nto leyo edinga ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo xa kukhethwa iintlobo ze-media ukuze kulinganiswe iindleko kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide.
Iibhola zemibhobho zezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngexabiso kunye nokusebenza. Ijiyometri yemibhobho kunye nokwakheka kwayo zikhusela igobolondo lemibhobho, zinefuthe kwindlela yokugaya, kwaye zidlala indima ephambili ekumiseleni ukusebenza kakuhle kokugaywa. Inkqubela phambili yakutshanje ibandakanya imodeli yokubala kunye nokwenza ngcono ijiyometri yemibhobho, okuye kwanciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguguleka kwemibhobho, kwaphucula ukwaphuka kwamasuntswana, kwaye kwanciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwemishini. Ukwamkelwa kokufunda komatshini ukuze kuqikelelwe ukuguguleka kwemibhobho, kudityaniswe nenkqubela phambili kwi-automation ye-liner relining, kunciphisa ngakumbi iindleko zokugcinwa kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza. Umzekelo, amazinga eempazamo zokufunda komatshini aphantsi njenge-5-6% axelwe ekuqikeleleni ukuguguleka kwemibhobho, ukuxhasa ulawulo lwemibhobho olusebenzayo kunye nokwenza ngcono ukufumaneka kwemishini.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuseyeyona ngxaki iphambili kwezoqoqosho ekugayweni kwebhola ukuze kukhululwe izimbiwa. Ukugaywa kubangela inxalenye enkulu yamandla asetyenziswa yimigodi yobhedu. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nee-variable frequency drives kunye nee-motor ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ezingenazo ii-gearbox, zivelise ukonga kwamandla kwe-15–30%, ziqinisa iisekethe zokugaywa ngelixa zinciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kunye neendleko. Olu phuculo lwesakhiwo kunye nobuchwepheshe lukwanciphisa ukugaywa kakhulu, luxhasa ukubuyiswa kobhedu kunye nobude bexesha lezixhobo kwiindlela zokucubungula izimbiwa.
Ukwahluka kokutya kwazisa ubunzima bokusebenza kunye nokuguquguquka kweendleko kwikhonkco lezixhobo zokugaya kunye nezokucubungula izimbiwa. Ukwahluka kokwakheka kwe-ore, umxholo womswakama, kunye nobukhulu bamasuntswana kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokugaya i-ball mill, ukuphuma kwayo, kunye namazinga okubuyisa ubhedu. Ukumelana nale miphumo, iinkqubo zokujonga ukutya eziphambili-kuquka abahlalutyi bokwakheka ngexesha langempela kunye nezinzwa zomswakama-zenza ukuba ukuxubana ngokuchanekileyo kunye nolawulo oluzinzileyo lwenkqubo yokugaya. Olu lawulo lwe-feedforward luphucula ucwangciso, lunciphisa inkunkuma, kwaye luphucula ukusetyenziswa kwee-reagent, zonke ezi zinto ziphantsi kweendleko kunye nophawu lokusingqongileyo.
Uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo olutshintshayo, olulungiselelwe uhlobo lwe-ore kunye nedatha yokusebenza kwe-ball mill yexesha langempela, lubalulekile ekugcineni i-throughput kunye nokwenza ngcono zombini iindleko zokubuyisela kunye nokusebenza. Ukulinganiswa koxinano oluphakathi, olufunyenwe ngee-sensors ze-real-time eziqinileyo zeLonnmeter, ngoku luphambili kwizicwangciso zolawulo ezisebenzayo. Igalelo elivela kwizixhobo zokulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi lizinzisa iisekethe zokugaya, linciphisa ukugqithisa, kwaye liqinisekisa umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wolwelo oluqinileyo kwi-ore blend nganye kunye nemeko yokugaya. Idatha evela kwezi zixhobo ixhasa uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo kwiiparameter zokugaya kunye ne-reagent dosing, ekhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokugaya kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-metallurgical okuqhubekayo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuhlanganiswa kweenjongo zokucubungula izimbiwa—ukwandisa umthamo, ukuphucula ukubuyiswa, kunye nokulawula iindleko ezingqongqo—kuxhomekeke kwindlela epheleleyo yokwenza ngcono inkqubo yokugaya ibhola. Ukuvumelanisa ukhetho lwemidiya yokugaya, ulawulo lwe-liner, amaqhinga okunciphisa amandla, ulawulo lokuguquguquka kokutya okusebenzayo, kunye nokulinganisa uxinano ngexesha langempela kubalulekile kwimpumelelo eqhubekayo kwezoqoqosho nakwimisebenzi ekutsalweni kobhedu.
Izikhewu zoPhando kunye namathuba kuLawulo lokuTya kweMill yeBhola
Ukusebenza kwe-ball mill ekucutshungulweni kwemigodi yobhedu kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiindlela ezisebenzayo zokucubungula izimbiwa kunye namaqhinga okulawula ukutya. Uncwadi lwangoku lubonisa izikhewu zophando ezicacileyo kunye namathuba etekhnoloji okuphucula ukukhululwa kwezimbiwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusila.
Impembelelo yeMixed Grinding Media Combinations kwiMineral Liberation
Ukudibanisa iintlobo zemidiya yokusila—ezifana neebhola ezingqukuva ezineemilo ezisicaba okanye ezingacwangciswanga—kunokulawula i-kinetics yokusila kunye nokuvezwa kweeminerali. Ukusebenzisana kwezinto ezininzi (umz., intsimbi ethambileyo, intsimbi engagqwaliyo) kunye nejometri kutshintsha iindlela zokunxiba, ukudluliselwa kwamandla, kunye nokukhululwa, kodwa iziphumo ekuhlukanisweni kwe-copper sulphide azikahlolwa kangako. Izifundo zokuthelekisa zibonisa ukuba ukusila okumanzi ngeebhola zentsimbi ethambileyo kuphucula ukubuyiselwa kokudada ngokuchaphazela ikhemistri yomphezulu weminerali kunye nokukhetha kwepulp ekusileni ubhedu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imidiya yentsimbi engagqwaliyo yonyuse amazinga okudada ngokutshintsha ukusebenzisana kwe-galvanic kunye nobuchule bepulp, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifana nomgodi wobhedu waseNorthparkes. Nangona le nkqubela phambili, ukusebenzisana kweemilo zemidiya exutyiweyo kunye nezixhobo ekukhululweni okudibeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla akucaciswanga kakuhle. Imibuzo ephambili isaqhubeka malunga nomxube ofanelekileyo kwiintlobo ezithile ze-ore, impembelelo ekuqukumbeni okungezantsi, kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zokulungiselela imidiya exutyiweyo ukuze kukhululwe izimbiwa ezingabizi kakhulu. Idatha yokumodela kunye neyovavanyo yokulungelelanisa amalungiselelo emidiya akhulisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhulula iyadingeka ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuphuculwe ukusila ibhola ukuze kukhululwe izimbiwa kunye nokukhutshelwa kobhedu.
Impembelelo yoBume beMidiya kunye noBuninzi kwiNtsebenzo yeMill iyonke
Imilo yemidiya yokusila ibumba kakhulu indlela esebenza ngayo umthwalo wemill, amazinga okuphuka, kunye nokutsalwa kwamandla. Imidiya yebhola engqukuva idla ngokuvelisa amazinga aphezulu okuphuka, ngakumbi kwi-coarse feed, ngelixa imidiya ye-cylindrical (cylpebs) ifuna amandla amaninzi okufaka ngesantya esiphantsi. Uxinano lwemidiya lumisela ukudluliselwa kwamandla e-kinetic kwaye luchaphazela amazinga okuphuma. Izifundo zovavanyo zityhila ukuba ububanzi bemidiya eguquguqukayo bunciphisa ixesha lokusila kwaye bunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kubungakanani bemveliso emincinci, kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhethwa kwe-process variable kwi-ball milling process optimization kunye neendlela zokucubungula imigodi yobhedu. Nangona kunjalo, ukudibanisa i-media shape kunye noxinano kwiimodeli zokuqikelela zokuphuka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla akuphelelanga. Ukuqinisekiswa kwehlabathi lokwenyani kunye nemodeli yokubala akwanelanga, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza izigqibo kubaqhubi bemigodi yobhedu abafuna ukulinganisela ukusebenza kakuhle, ii-ball mill liners kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nesantya sokuguguleka kwemidiya yokusila. Izifundo zihlala zifuna uphando olunzulu malunga nendlela i-shape, uxinano, kunye nokusasazwa kudibana ngayo ukuze kuchaphazele ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-ball mill kunye nokusasazwa kobungakanani bemveliso.
Amathuba Exesha Elizayo Okusetyenziswa Okubanzi Kwezixhobo Zobuninzi Bexesha Langempela kunye Nobungakanani Beenxalenye
Ukulinganisa uxinano oluzenzekelayo kwimigodi kunika ulwazi olusebenzayo lokulawula inkqubo yokusila ibhola. Iinkqubo zexesha langempela—kuquka uhlalutyo lwesignali ye-acoustic, ii-spatial filter laser probes, kunye nombono womatshini—zivumela ukulandelela okuqhubekayo koxinano lokutya kunye nokusasazwa kobungakanani bezinto ezincinci. Izixhobo ezifana neLonnmeter zisebenzisa iindlela zokulinganisa ezikwimigca enelungelo elilodwa lomenzi, zihlalutya amawaka amasuntswana ngomzuzwana ukuze kufunyanwe ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nokuchazwa kokuhamba kwamanzi. Ubuchwepheshe be-acoustic kunye nombono womatshini buqinisekiswe ngokuthembekileyo ngokuchasene nesampulu yendabuko kwizixhobo zokucubungula izimbiwa, zixhasa ulawulo lokutya ngexesha langempela kunye nokunciphisa ukugaywa kakhulu. Iingenelo zokulinganisa uxinano oluphakathi ziquka ukulibaziseka okuncitshisiweyo kwesampulu, ukulungiswa kwenkqubo ngokukhawuleza, ukuhambelana okuphuculweyo kwemveliso, kunye nokonga izixhobo. Ezi nkqubo zimele amathuba abalulekileyo okusebenza kwe-ball mill ngokuvumela ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo iimeko zokutya kunye nokulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kokusebenza kakuhle kokusila ibhola. Ukusasazwa kwazo kunokuphucula ukutsalwa kwe-copper, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwisampulu ngesandla kunye nempendulo ngelixa kuxhasa ulawulo oluqinileyo noluphendulayo lokuhanjiswa kwe-ore.
Ukuqhubeka kophuhliso lweendlela zokucubungula izimbiwa kufuna ukuba ezi zikhewu zophando—ingakumbi kwindlela yokuziphatha kweendaba ezixutyiweyo, ukumodela imidiya, kunye nokulinganisa ngexesha langempela—zivalwe ukuze kunikezelwe ukusebenza kakuhle nokugcinwa kwebhola kwimigodi kulo lonke icandelo lezemigodi.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
Yintoni injongo yokugaya izixhobo zokugaya kwi-ball mill ukuze kucutshungulwe izimbiwa?
Imidiya yokusila ibalulekile ekuqhekezeni amasuntswana e-copper ore ngaphakathi kwiibhola zemill, okuvumela ukukhululwa kweeminerali ngokufanelekileyo. Imidiya efana neebhola zentsimbi eziqingqiweyo, iibhola ze-alloy eziphezulu ze-chromium, iibhola ze-ceramic, kunye ne-cylpebs zonyusa ukuguquguquka kwe-ore ngokuchaphazeleka kunye nokuncitshiswa. Uhlobo, ubungakanani, kunye noxinano lwemidiya yokusila luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokusila, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Umzekelo, imidiya ye-alloy ephezulu ye-chromium inciphisa ukusebenzisana kwe-galvanic kunye neeminerali ze-sulfide, ezizinzisa i-pulp chemistry kwaye ziphucula ukukhetha kwizigaba zokudada ezisezantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zentsimbi eziqingqiweyo. Imidiya enokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kunye noxinano olufanelekileyo inciphisa ungcoliseko kwaye inciphise izinga lokuguguleka kwemidiya yokusila, ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yokusila ibhola iyonke kunye namazinga okubuyisa ubhedu.
Uxinzelelo lokutya luyichaphazela njani indlela esebenza ngayo i-ball mill kwimigodi yobhedu?
Uxinaniso lokutya lubhekisa kumlinganiselo wezinto eziqinileyo—i-ore yobhedu—kwi-slurry engena kwi-ball mill. Le parameter iphambili ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-ball mill kunye nokukhululwa kweeminerali. Ukusebenza ngoxinano olufanelekileyo lwe-slurry kunye nomxholo wezinto eziqinileyo kuthintela ukugaya okungaphantsi kunye nokugqithisileyo, kukhusela ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokwandisa ukubuyiswa kobhedu. Izifundo zibonise ukuba uxinaniso oluphezulu kakhulu oluqinileyo lukhokelela ekuhlanganiseni kwamasuntswana kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, ngelixa uxinaniso oluphantsi kakhulu lunciphisa ukusebenza kweendlela zokucubungula izimbiwa. Uxinaniso lokutya olufanelekileyo kunye namazinga okuzalisa (ngesiqhelo malunga ne-56% yeebhola kunye ne-0.70 yomgubo) kufezekisa unciphiso lobukhulu bamasuntswana olungcono kunye neendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi.
Yintoni i-Inline Density Measurement kwaye kutheni ibalulekile ekugayweni kwebhola?
Umlinganiselo woBuxinano oluPhakathi yindlela yokulawula inkqubo elandelela uxinano lwe-slurry ngexesha langempela njengoko ingena kwisekethe ye-ball mill. Iitekhnoloji ezifana nee-ultrasonic, ii-sensors ezisekwe kwi-ceramic zibonelela ngokufundwa okungekuko okwenyukliya, okukhawulezayo, nokuchanekileyo, okubonelela ngokumelana nokukrala okuphezulu kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci. Le mpendulo ikhawulezileyo malunga nokuhambelana kokutya ivumela abaqhubi ukuba balungise ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza kwe-ball mill ukuze kube nokusebenza kakuhle kokusila. Ngenxa yoko, iindlela zokucubungula imigodi yobhedu zixhamla kwimveliso ephuculweyo, iindleko zamandla ezincitshisiweyo, ukubuyiswa kwezimbiwa okuphezulu, kunye nomgangatho ongcono wemveliso. Umlinganiselo woxinano oluPhakathi lunceda ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo kunye nokhuseleko ngokutshintsha iindlela ezindala, ezisekwe kwimitha.
Kutheni kukhethwa izixhobo ezithile zokusila ukuze kugaywe ibhola ye-copper ore?
Ukukhetha izixhobo zokusila ukuze kugaywe ibhola ye-copper ore kusekelwe kubunzima be-ore, ukusabela kweekhemikhali, kunye neemfuno zesityalo sokucubungula. Izixhobo zokusila ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana neebhola ze-alloy ezine-chromium ephezulu zifanelekile kwii-ore ezirhabaxa, ezityebileyo kwi-sulfide ngenxa yokumelana kwazo nokuguguleka kwazo kunye nokunciphisa ungcoliseko lweekhemikhali. Intsimbi eyenziweyo ikhethwa ngenxa yokutshintsha okunefuthe eliphezulu, ngelixa izixhobo zokusila ze-ceramic zibonelela ngolawulo oluchanekileyo kwiindlela zokucutshungulwa kwezimbiwa ezincinci kakhulu. Imilo—njengeebhola xa kuthelekiswa nee-cylpebs—ikwachaphazela amazinga okuqhekeka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Indlela elungeleleneyo ekukhetheni uhlobo lwezixhobo zokusila, uxinano, kunye nobukhulu iphucula ukugaywa kwebhola ukuze kukhululwe izimbiwa, iphucula umgangatho wemveliso, kwaye ilawula iindleko.
Uyilo lwe-ball mill olugcina amandla lunceda njani ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa?
Uyilo lwemibhobho yebhola esonga amandla lunemibhobho ephucukileyo, izakhiwo ezintsha zoomatshini, kunye neemoto ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Ezi zinto zidibene ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% kwimisebenzi yokumba ubhedu. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa iimoto ezisisigxina zemagnethi ezihambelanayo ngaphandle kweebhokisi zegiya kunye nee-composite liner kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla, kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqala, kwaye kwandisa imveliso. Ukubuyisela kwakhona imibhobho yebhola yemigodi yobhedu kunye neenkqubo zothumelo zanamhlanje kunye nabalawuli abakrelekrele kubonakalise ukonga amandla konyaka kunye namazinga aphucukileyo okubuyisela isinyithi. Ukuphuculwa okunjalo akunciphisi nje iindleko zokusebenza kodwa kukwanciphisa neemfuno zolondolozo kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo zokucubungula izimbiwa kunye neziphumo zokukhupha ubhedu ngokubanzi.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-25-2025
