Unyango olusebenzayo lwamanzi luxhomekeke ekulungisweni nasekulinganisweni kwee-polyelectrolytes. Ezi polymers zenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, okuvumela ukususwa ngokufanelekileyo kokungcola emanzini amdaka nakumanzi okusela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxinana okungafanelekanga okanye ukuxinana kwezisombululo ze-polyelectrolyte kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-floc okungonelanga, kwiinkqubo ezivalekileyo, okanye ukungathobeli imithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo, okubangela izohlwayo ezibizayo kunye nomonakalo kokusingqongileyo.
Izityalo zonyango lwamanzi zinokulawula ngokuchanekileyo umthamo we-polyelectrolyte ngokusebenzisa ukujonga okuzenzekelayo ngaphakathi. I-Lonnmeter's advancedizisombululo zokulinganisa i-viscosityukunika amandla amaziko onyango ukuba ahlangabezane nemigangatho emiselweyo, anciphise iindleko, kwaye afake isandla kulawulo lwamanzi oluzinzileyo.
Inkqubo yokuQoqa kunye nokuQoqa kwiNyango yamanzi
Iinkqubo yokujiya kwamanziIjolise ekususeni izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, ii-colloids, kunye nezinto eziphilayo emanzini namanzi amdaka. Le nkqubo ibandakanya amanqanaba amabini aphambili: ukujiya, apho izinto ezibangela ukungahlaliseki zithintela iindleko zeentwana, kunye nokujiya, apho iintwana zihlangana zibe zii-flocs ezinkulu nezizinzileyo.
Iinkqubo yokuxinana kwe-coagulationKubalulekile kwizicelo ezifana nokucaciswa kwamanzi aluhlaza, ukususwa kombala, kunye nokususwa kwamanzi odaka kumashishini afana namandla, intsimbi, imigodi, ukutya, amalaphu, kunye ne-pulp nephepha. Ubunzulu bokuxuba bubalulekile, njengoko uhlalutyo lwe-fractal lubonisa ukuba ukusasazwa kunye nokungqubana kwamasuntswana e-colloidal kulawula ukwakheka kwe-floc.
Indima yePolelectrolytes kuNyango lwaManzi
IiPolelectrolytes ziyimfuneko kakhulu kwiukujiya kweenkqubo zonyango lwamanzi, zisebenza njengee-flocculation agents eziphucula ukuhlanganiswa kwamasuntswana. Ezi polymers zendalo ezinde, ezifumaneka kwiifom ze-cationic, ze-anionic, okanye ezingezizo ze-ionic, zithwala amaqela asebenzayo e-ionizable akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-floc ngokuthomalalisa itshaja kunye nokudibanisa. Kunyango lwamanzi amdaka, ii-polyelectrolytes zisetyenziselwa ukucacisa, ukulungisa udaka, kunye nokususa ioyile, ngelixa kwizicelo zoshishino, ziphucula iinkqubo ezifana nokwahlulwa kwe-gypsum kwimveliso ye-phosphoric acid okanye ukususwa kodongwe kwimilambo ye-borax.
Iziphumo zokungaxinani kakuhle kunye nokuxinana kwamanzi amdaka
Uxinzelelo lwe-polyelectrolyte olungalunganga okanye i-viscosity kwiinkqubo yokujiya kwamanzi amdakakunokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni ulungelelwano olubuthathaka lweenkqubo zokunyanga amanzi.
Ukuthatha idosi egqithisileyo kunokubangela ukuphinda kumiswe amasuntswana, kuvale iindawo zonyango okanye kukhokelele kwiipayipi ezikhenkcezisiweyo kunye nokuqhuma, ngelixa ukuthatha idosi engaphantsi kwedosi kubangela ukwakheka kakubi kwefloc, okushiya amanzi emdaka kwaye engahambelani nemigangatho yokukhupha amanzi. Ukungaphumeleli okunjalo kunokubangela isohlwayo esikhulu kwimibutho elawulayo, konakalisa izixhobo, kwaye kukhuphe amanzi aphathwe ngendlela engafanelekanga aye emilanjeni okanye elwandle, okonakalisa iinkqubo zendalo.
IiPolelectrolytes - Ii-Flocculation Agents
Njengee-arhente eziphambili ze-flocculation, ii-polyelectrolytes ziqhubainkqubo yokuxinana kwe-coagulationngokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamasuntswana amancinci abe zii-flocs ezinkulu ezinokwahlulwa ngokulula ngokusebenzisa i-sedimentation okanye i-flotation. Ifumaneka kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo—i-granular, i-powder, okanye ulwelo oluxineneyo kakhulu (5,000–10,000 cP)—ii-polyelectrolytes ezifana ne-polyacrylamide (PAAM) zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa okuthile ngokusekelwe kwitshaja, ubunzima be-molecular, kunye ne-morphology.
Kwindlela yokucoca amanzi amdaka, zinceda ekususeni izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, umbala, kunye neeoyile, ngelixa kwiinkqubo zoshishino, ziphucula imisebenzi efana nokucaciswa kwejusi yeswekile kunye nokufakwa kwesinyithi ekucoceni nge-electrolytic. Nangona kunjalo, ii-polyelectrolytes zinefestile encinci yokuqunjelwa, apho ukugqithiswa kancinci kunokuphinda kuchithe amasuntswana, kwaye ukuwohloka ngokuhamba kwexesha kunciphisa i-viscosity, okuchaphazela ukusebenza. Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwazo kwiukujiya kweenkqubo zonyango lwamanzi.
Iyunithi yokulungiselela ngokuzenzekelayo (Ref: Keiken Engineering)
Iimfuneko zeNkqubo yoLungiselelo oluZenzekelayo kunye neDosing
Iinkqubo zokulungiselela kunye nokulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo ziguqula inkqubo yokuxinana kunye ne-flocculation ekunyangweni kwamanzi ngokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokusebenza kakuhle ekusetyenzisweni kwe-polyelectrolyte. Ezi nkqubo zijongana neemfuno ezibalulekileyo kwizityalo zonyango zanamhlanje, ziphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuthobela imithetho.
I. Qinisekisa ukuba izisombululo zePolelectrolyte ziqikelelwa ngokuchanekileyo
- Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo: Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zibonelela ngoxinzelelo lwe-polyelectrolyte (umz., 0.2–1 g/L yokulungisa udaka, 0.02–0.1 g/L yokulungisa) ukuze kuphuculwe ukwakheka kwe-floc.
- Ukuthobela Imithetho: Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kuthintela ukugqithisa okanye ukunciphisa umthamo, okuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokukhupha umbane kwindalo esingqongileyo.
- Ukunciphisa Inkunkuma: Uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweekhemikhali, lunciphisa iindleko kunye nempembelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
- Uzinzo lweNkqubo: Igcina umgangatho we-floc ungaguquguquki, inciphisa iingozi zokuvaleka kwenkqubo okanye umonakalo wezixhobo.
II. Ukuxhomekeka kokugxila kwi-viscosity
- Ukuqina njengeSalathisi sokuSebenza: Ukuqina kwePolelectrolyte kuhambelana nobunzima beemolekyuli kunye nokuthembeka kwetyathanga, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-flocculation.
- Uhlengahlengiso lweXesha langempela: Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zijonga utshintsho lwe-viscosity ngenxa yokuwohloka okanye ukuxutywa, ziqinisekisa ukuba idosi isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.
- Ukuxubana Kwamanqanaba Amabini: Ukuxubana kokuqala okunamandla aphezulu kuthintela ukwakheka kwe-"fisheye", ngelixa ukuxubana okunamandla amancinci kugcina imixokelelwane yepolymer, kugcina i-viscosity.
- Umlinganiselo oKhethekileyo weSicelo: Ulungisa i-viscosity kwimisebenzi ethile efana nokucocwa kodaka okanye ukucaciswa kwamanzi aluhlaza, nto leyo ephucula ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo.
Isisombululo seMveliso: I-Viscometer yePolymer ekwi-Intanethi
I-Lonnmeter ikwi-intanethii-polymer ye-viscometeritshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yokujiya kwamanzi amdaka, inikezela ngokubekwa kweliso kwi-viscosity ngexesha langempela ukuze kuphuculwe i-polyelectrolyte dosing. Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka:
- Uluhlu olubanzi lwe-Viscosity:Ilinganisa i-10–1,000,000 cP, ivumela iipolymers ze-emulsion ezixineneyo kakhulu ezifana ne-polyacrylamide.
- Uyilo Oluqinileyo:Isebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi, imelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye neemeko zokucheba.
- Ukubeka esweni ubushushu obudibeneyo:Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kuqinisekisa ukufundwa okuchanekileyo kwe-viscosity ehlawulelwa bubushushu.
- Ukuzenzekelayo okungenamthungo:Idibana neenkqubo ze-PLC kunye ne-DCS ukuze kulungiswe idosi ngokuzenzekelayo.
- Ulondolozo oluphantsi:Uyilo oluncinci, olungasetyenziswayo luqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.
Ngokungafaniyo neendlela ezingasebenziyo kwi-intanethi ezifana nePour okanye iGravity Drainage Tests, i-viscometer kaLonnmeter inika idatha eqhubekayo nechanekileyo, isusa ukulibaziseka kweesampulu kunye neempazamo, kwaye iqinisekisa ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo kwe-floc ukuze kubekho i-floc efanelekileyo.
Iingenelo zeViscosity Automation kwiPolymer Blending
Ukwenziwa kwe-viscosity automation kwi-polyelectrolyte dosing kubonelela ngeengenelo zokuguqula izityalo zonyango lwamanzi, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nozinzo:
- Umlinganiselo wePolymer oLungileyo:Ulawulo lwe-viscosity ngexesha langempela luqinisekisa ukuxinana okuchanekileyo kwe-polyelectrolyte, ukuphucula umgangatho we-floc kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuzinza.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali okuncitshisiweyo:Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kunciphisa inkunkuma ye-polymer, kunciphisa iindleko kunye nefuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi:Ukuxuba okulungiselelweyo kunciphisa iimfuno zamandla, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
- Ukuthobela Umthetho Okuphuculweyo:Ukuthatha idosi rhoqo kuthintela ukwaphulwa komthetho wokukhupha iziyobisi, kuthintelwe izohlwayo.
- Ukhuseleko lweNkqubo esebenzayo:Ukufunyanwa kweengxaki kwangoko kuthintela ukuvaleka, ukuqhuma kwemibhobho, okanye ukungaphumeleli konyango.
- Ukuhlanganiswa neeNkqubo eziPhambili:Ukuhambelana nohlalutyo oluqhutywa yi-AI kunye namawele edijithali kwenza ukuba idosi iqikeleleke kwaye ilungelelanise inkqubo.
- Ukuphuculwa kokuthathwa kwezinto eziqinileyo:Igcina uxinano lwekhekhe lungaphantsi kwama-200 ppm, ixhasa ukubuyiswa kwezondlo kunye nokulawulwa kodaka.
Ezi zibonelelo zibonisa ukuchaneka okubonwa kwiinkqubo ezifana nokubiliswa okuqhubekayo kwe-penicillin, okuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
Inkqubo yokuxinana kunye nokuqunjelwa kwamanzi ibaluleke kakhulu ekufezekiseni imveliso yamanzi amdaka esemgangathweni ophezulu. I-viscometer ye-polyelectrolyte ekwi-intanethi yeLonnmeter iguqula le nkqubo ngokubonelela ngokubekwa kweliso kwi-viscosity ngexesha langempela, isuse ukungasebenzi kakuhle kovavanyo olungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi, kwaye iqinisekise ukuba i-flocculant dosing isetyenziswa kakuhle.
Lawula inkqubo yakho yokujiya kwamanzi amdaka—nxibelelana neLonnmeter namhlanje ukuze ucele ikowuteshini eyenzelwe wena kwaye uphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthobela imithetho yesikhungo sakho!
Ixesha leposi: Agasti-15-2025
