Umthamo wekloridi kwikhonkrithi ukhawulezisa ngokuthe ngqo ukugqwala kwentsimbi eqinisayo, uphazamise iileya ze-oxide ezikhuselayo kwaye ubangele ukwakheka komhlwa kwindawo ethile. Ubuninzi bekloridi obudlula i-0.4% ngobunzima besamente bubangela ukugqwala kokuqiniswa, kunciphisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo kwaye kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwentsimbi enqamlezileyo. Ukufunyanwa kunye nokulinganiswa kweekloridi kubalulekile ekukhuseleni ubomi beziseko.
umxholo wekloridi kwikhonkrithi
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Iindlela zokubola kweChloride
Ii-ion ze-chloride zingena kwikhonkrithi ngokusasazeka, ukufunxwa kwee-capillary, kunye nokudibanisa. Ukuvezwa komphezulu, ukuqhekeka, okanye ukonakala kwengubo kukhawulezisa ukungena kwe-chloride. Ii-gradients zoxinzelelo ziqhuba ukufuduka kwe-chloride. Ii-microcracks ezivela kwimithwalo yoomatshini zitshintsha iindlela zothutho kwaye zandisa umngcipheko wokugqwala.
Ukuqokelelana kwekhloride kwindawo edibanisa intsimbi nekhonkrithi kukhuthaza ukucocwa kwendawo. Ifilimu ye-oxide engashukumiyo iyaphuka, ivumela ukuqaliswa kokubola. Umxholo wekhloride ongaphantsi komphezulu wokubola uxhomekeke kwi-pH yekhonkrithi kunye nokuvuleka kwayo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukubola kuqala kumanqanaba ekhloride aphantsi njenge-0.2–0.4% ngobunzima besamente xa ukuvuleka kwayo kuphezulu.
I-bimodal neutron kunye ne-X-ray microtomography yakutshanje ityhila ukwakheka kwe-microstructural rust kunye nokulahleka kwe-bond yentsimbi nekhonkrithi.
Ukunciphisa ukufuma kwe-chloride kucothisa ukuthuthwa kwe-chloride kwaye kwandisa ukuqina kokuqina. I-XRF metal analyzer yekhonkrithi, kuquka neLonnmeter, inika uhlalutyo lwe-chlorine elemental olungonakalisiyo, oluchonga ngokukhawuleza iindawo ezisengozini yokugqwala kwentsimbi eqinisayo kwikhonkrithi.
Ukugqwala kwentsimbi okubangelwa yikloridi kwikhonkrithi
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Izisombululo zoQinisekiso oluKhusela ukuGqwala
Ukuxubana kweChromium (Cr) kunye ne-rare-earth (RE) kwi-rebar kunciphisa kakhulu ukugqwala kwentsimbi eqinisayo kwikhonkrithi phantsi kokuvezwa kwe-chloride. Uphando kwi-HRB400 rebar lubonisa ukuba umxholo we-Cr ongaphezulu kwe-0.5% kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-RE kuguqula i-MnS ibe yi-RE–Al–O–S inclusions egqunywe ziigobolondo ze-MnS, inciphisa i-acidification yendawo kwaye inciphisa ukusasazeka kokugqwala "kweseli evaliweyo". Isiphumo kukuba uxinano oluphantsi lwe-corrosion current kunye nokuphuculwa kozinzo lwefilimu engasebenziyo, olulinganiswa nokuba kumanqanaba e-chloride angaphezu kwe-0.6% ngobunzima besamente—okubonisa ukwehla kwe-30–50% kwizinga lokugqwala xa kuthelekiswa ne-plain rebar phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo (Nature Communications, 2026).
Ukusasazwa okusebenzayo kuquka i-scandium okanye i-cerium alloying, okubonelela ngokuphuculwa okubonakalayo kwamandla oomatshini kunye nokuqina kwexesha elide kwiziseko zophuhliso kwiindawo zaselwandle nakwiindawo zetyuwa yokucoca. Imida yeendleko kunye nobonelelo lwe-RE ichaphazela ukungena kwemarike kodwa inciphisa iimfuno zokulungiswa komjikelo wobomi.
Uvavanyo luqinisekisa ngakumbi ukuba ukudibanisa imicu yentsimbi kunye ne-rebar kunciphisa uphuhliso lweentanda kunye nesantya sokugqwala, ingakumbi kumxholo ophezulu we-chloride kwikhonkrithi. Ukuqina kwe-hybrid kwandisa ixesha lokuqalisa iintanda kwaye kuphucula ukugcinwa kwamandla okuthwala umthwalo emva kokuvezwa (MDPI, 2025).
Khetha izinto zokuqinisa ezisekelwe kuhlalutyo lomngcipheko wokugqwala olubangelwa yi-chloride kunye nomjikelo wobomi beprojekthi ukuze kuthintelwe ukuwohloka okukhulu kwesakhiwo. Uhlalutyo lwezinto ze-chlorine olusebenzisa i-XRF metal analyzer kwikhonkrithi, njengesixhobo seLonnmeter, luxhasa uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo lokuqinisa ikhonkrithi ukuze kuchongwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-solute kunye nefayibha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthintela ukugqwala kwikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo.
Uhlalutyo lweChlorine Elemental kunye noHlalutyo lweLight Element kwiConcrete
Ukulinganisa ubungakanani be-chlorine kunye nokukhanya kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukugqwala kwikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo. Ii-ion ze-chloride ezingaphezulu kwe-0.2–0.4% ngobunzima besamente zibangela ukulahleka kokungashukumi kunye nokugqwala ngokukhawuleza kwentsimbi eqinisiweyo, okukhawulezisa ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo kunye neendleko zokugcinwa. Iindlela zokuchonga uhlalutyo zahlulwe zibe zezonakalisayo.
Iindlela zokutshabalalisa zibonelela ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu kodwa zifuna ukukhupha okungundoqo kunye nohlalutyo lwelabhoratri olunzima, nto leyo ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwenkonzo kunye nokulahleka kwesampulu okungenakuguqulwa. Uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo, olusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwe-XRF lokufumanisa ukugqwala okanye i-field XRF metal analyzer yekhonkrithi, luvumela uhlalutyo olukhawulezayo, olukwindawo kunye nolwezinto ezikhanyayo ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa kwesampulu. I-Lonnmeter XRF analyzer ilinganisa i-Mg, i-Al, i-Si, i-S, i-K, i-Ca, kunye ne-Cl kwikhonkrithi eqinileyo, ibonelela ngemida yokufumanisa engaphantsi kwe-50 ppm ye-Cl. Iziphumo zixhasa ukukhethwa kweebha zokuqinisa ezinganyangekiyo nokugqwala kunye nokulandelela ukusebenza kwezithinteli zokugqwala ekuqiniseni intsimbi. Iindlela zokusebenza eziphambili ezisebenzisa i-XRF zonyusa ukuqina kwexesha elide kwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ngokufumanisa ukugqwala okubangelwa yi-chloride kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi kwangethuba, zikhokela ukungenelela okujoliswe kuko kunye nokwabiwa kwezixhobo.
Ukufunyanwa Okuphambili&Iindlela zokulinganisa ubungakanani beChloride
Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri lusebenzisa i-volumetric titration, ii-electrode ezikhetha i-ion, kunye neendlela ze-potentiometric, zibonelela ngovakalelo oluphezulu lomxholo we-chloride kwikhonkrithi nakwintsimbi yokuqinisa. Ezi ndlela zibeka emngciphekweni ukutshatyalaliswa kwesampulu, ubukhali bomsebenzi, kunye nokubekwa kwemephu yendawo okulinganiselweyo kwiimeko ze-in situ. Ii-field microelectrode probes zivumela ukufunyanwa kwendawo kodwa ziyasokola ngokulinganisa ii-trace chloride kunye nezinto zokukhanya.
Ii-XRF metal analyzers, ingakumbi iLonnmeter, zibonelela ngohlalutyo olukhawulezayo lwezinto ezininzi olungonakalisiyo nolukhawulezayo kwisampulu zekhonkrithi eqinileyo kunye nee-rebar. ILonnmeter ibona izinto ze-chlorine kunye nokukhanya (i-Mg, i-Al, i-Si, i-S, i-K, i-Ca) ezinobuthathaka kumanqanaba e-ppm, nto leyo enika ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwiibha zokuqinisa ezimelana nokugqwala kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko. Isoftware yayo eqinileyo yahlula ukugqwala okubangelwa yi-trace chloride kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi, ixhasa ukuthintela ukugqwala okubalulekileyo kwikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweendlela ezintsha zokujonga imifanekiso, ezifana ne-XRF, i-multi-modal tomography, kunye ne-advanced elemental mapping, kubonakalisa umxholo we-bulk chloride kunye neendawo zokubola kwe-microstructural. Zidibene, ezi ndlela zivavanya izithinteli zokubola ukuze kuqiniswe intsimbi kwaye zixhasa ukuqina kwexesha elide kwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo.
Ukukhuthaza iLonnmeter XRF Analyzer yoVavanyo loMxholo weChloride
Ii-analyzer ze-Lonnmeter XRF zibonelela ngohlalutyo olukhawulezileyo nolungatshabalalisiyo lwe-chlorine olubalulekileyo ekuvavanyeni umxholo we-chloride kwikhonkrithi. Uvakalelo lwabo oluphezulu lubona i-chlorine kunye nezinto zokukhanya (Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca) kumanqanaba aphantsi njenge-0.35–1% Cl, nto leyo enceda ekulinganiseni ngokuchanekileyo ii-trace chloride ezimisela umngcipheko wokugqwala kunye nokuqina kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo.
Uyilo oluphathekayo luvumela uhlalutyo lwangaphakathi, oluvumela iinjineli ukuba zenze uvavanyo lwezinto ezisisiseko ngexesha langempela kwisampulu zekhonkrithi eqinileyo okanye ze-rebar kwaye zichonge ngokukhawuleza iindawo ezinokuba nomhlwa obangelwa yi-chloride kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi. I-interfaces yesoftware eqinileyo yenza kube lula ukuhamba komsebenzi, ibonise iziphumo zezinto ezininzi kwizigqibo zeprojekthi ezikhawulezayo ekukhetheni iibha zokuqinisa ezinganyangekiyo nomhlwa.
Itekhnoloji yeLonnmeter XRF ithintela imithombo ye-radioactive, ifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci kwesampulu kunye nokubonelela ngokufunyanwa kwezinto ezininzi ezifunekayo kwiindlela ezibanzi zokuthintela ukugqwala. Ukucela isicatshulwa kuvumela uqwalaselo lwe-analyzer eyenzelwe wena, inkxaso yoqeqesho, kunye nokubonisana ngobuchwephesha, kuphucula uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo lokuqinisa ikhonkrithi ukuze ihlale ixesha elide ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo kunye nezithinteli zokugqwala ezisebenzayo zokuqinisa intsimbi.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
Kubaluleke ngantoni ukulinganisa umxholo wekloride kwikhonkrithi?
Ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo komxholo we-chloride kwikhonkrithi kubalulekile ekuvavanyeni umngcipheko wokugqwala kwentsimbi yokuqinisa kunye nokuqikelela ubomi benkonzo. Ukugqwala okubangelwa yi-chloride kubangela malunga ne-40% yokusilela kwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela. Idatha yelebhu ibonisa ukuba ukugqwala kuqala xa uxinzelelo lwe-chloride ludlula i-0.4% ngobunzima besamente. Ukufaka iprofayili ye-chloride ngaphakathi kwenza ukuba kugcinwe izinto ezithile kwaye kuncitshiswe iindleko.
Ii-ion ze-chloride zibangela njani ukugqwala ekuqiniseni intsimbi?
Ii-ion ze-chloride zingena kwikhonkrithi, zifikelela kumaleko we-oxide ongasebenziyo kwintsimbi. Oku kuphazamisa ukudlula kwentsimbi kwaye kuqalisa ukugqwala kwendawo ethile. Isiphumo kukwakheka komhlwa, ukulahleka kobubanzi bentsimbi, ukuqhekeka, kunye nokuqhekeka.
Ngaba iifayibha zinokuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala ecaleni kwe-rebar kwikhonkrithi?
Izifundo zixela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweefayibha kunye nee-rebar ezidibeneyo kwandisa ixesha lokubola ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40%, nto leyo ephucula ukuqina kwexesha elide kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo.
Yintoni eyenza i-Lonnmeter XRF analyzer ilungele uvavanyo lwekhonkrithi?
I-Lonnmeter XRF metal analyzer inika uhlalutyo olukhawulezayo, olungatshabalalisiyo nolunezakhi ezininzi zeesampuli eziqinileyo. Ifikelela kumda wokufumanisa we-10 ppm ye-chlorine kwaye ilinganisa izinto zokukhanya (i-Mg, i-Al, i-Si, i-S, i-K, i-Ca) ezibalulekileyo ekuchongeni ukugqwala kwinqanaba lokuqala, iphucula amaqhinga okuthintela ukugqwala.
Ngaba izixhobo zokuqinisa eziphucukileyo ezifana ne-Cr kunye ne-RE alloys ziyakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala ngakumbi?
Iibha zokuqinisa eziguqulweyo zeChromium kunye ne-rare-earth (RE) zonyusa ukumelana nokugqwala ngaphezulu kwe-50% xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi eqhelekileyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinetyuwa, njengoko kuqinisekisiweyo kuvavanyo lwelebhu.
Kutheni ukuvuleka kwekhonkrithi kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukugqwala?
Ukungena kwamanzi okuphantsi kuthintela ukufuduka kwe-chloride, ukugcina intsimbi ingashukumi kwaye kulibazise ukuqala kokugqwala ngaphaya kwemijikelo yobomi benkonzo eqhelekileyo.
Itekhnoloji ye-XRF yahluke njani kwiimvavanyo zekhemikhali zemveli zohlalutyo lwe-chloride?
Uhlalutyo lwe-XRF alufuni sampuli yokunyibilika okanye ii-asidi, ngokungafaniyo nekhemistri emanzi. Lukhawuleza, lukwindawo, kwaye lubonelela ngohlalutyo lwe-chlorine elemental ngaxeshanye—luluncedo kuvavanyo olungonakalisiyo lwe-concrete reinforcements.
Ixesha leposi: Februwari-13-2026
