Dubume kunye ne-viscosity zisebenza njengeeparameter ezibalulekileyoiukuprintwa kwesamente ye-3D, ukuhambaimpembelelo ethe ngqo ekuprintweni kwezinto, ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo semveliso yokugqibela, kunye nokunamathelana phakathi kweeleya eziprintiweyo.Iumgcadensity kwayejongai-cosity ukubeka esweniii-npiirocesskuqinisekisa umgangatho ohambelanayo kulo lonke ixesha lokuprinta.
Yintoni ukuPrinta ngeSamente ye-3D?
Ukuprinta isamente ye-3D, okwaziwa njengokwenziwa kwekhonkrithi eyongezelelweyo, kusebenzisa iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ukufaka umaleko wezinto ezisimende ngomaleko, kwakhiwe izakhiwo ngokuthe ngqo kwiimodeli zedijithali. Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zemveli zokubumba, iinkqubo zokuprinta zekhonkrithi ye-3D zivumela ukudalwa kweemilo ezintsonkothileyo kunye nejometri ezingenakwenzeka ngefomu eqhelekileyo. Iindlela zokwakha zekhonkrithi ezizenzekelayo—ezifana neengalo zerobhothi, iinkqubo ze-gantry, kunye neentloko zokushicilela ezisekelwe kwi-extrusion—zihamba ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimiyalelo yekhompyutha. Ezi nkqubo zikhupha imixube emitsha yesimende nge-nozzle, zakha izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezishicilelweyo ze-3D ezinokuphakama kunye neepatheni ezilawulwayo.
Ukuprintwa kwekhonkrithi ye-3D
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Ukubaluleka koBuninzi beNkqubo kunye noLawulo lokuNgqinisisa
Impumelelo kunye nomgangatho wenkqubo yokuprinta ikhonkrithi ye-3D zixhomekeke kulawulo olucokisekileyo lweeparameter zenkqubo eziphambili, ngakumbi uxinano kunye ne-viscosity. Ezi parameter ziphambili ekuprintweni nasekukhiweni kwemixube ephucukileyo.
Uxinano: Uxinano lwexesha langempela luchaphazela amandla kunye nokuthembeka kwekhonkrithi eprintiweyo ye-3D. Ukuzaliswa kweeleya okunganelanga kubangela ukuba izithuba ezingazaliswanga kakuhle, zenze buthathaka iibhondi ze-interlayer kwaye zenze umphezulu ube buthathaka. Uxinano lweleya oluhlala luhleli luqinisekisa iipropati zoomatshini eziqinileyo kunye nejometri efanayo kuyo yonke into eprintiweyo.
Ukuqaqamba: Ukuqina komxube omtsha kuchaphazela ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle, uzinzo lomaleko, kunye nomgangatho womphezulu. Ukuba ukuqina kuphezulu kakhulu, ukukhupha ngaphandle kunokuma okanye kufune uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, oku kubeka emngciphekweni umonakalo wezixhobo. Kuphantsi kakhulu, kwaye umxube ulahlekelwa yimo emva kokufakwa, okukhokelela ekuweni komaleko kunye nejometri ephosakeleyo. Ukuqina okufanelekileyo, okuhlala kuhlengahlengiswa ngee-agents eziguqula ukuqina okanye ii-nano-additives, kuxhasa ukukhupha ngaphandle komgudu kunye nee-layers ezizinzileyo, ezenziwe kakuhle.
Ubudlelwane phakathi koxinano kunye ne-viscosity bubumba ngokuthe ngqo iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zokuprinta:
- Ukwakhiwa: Ukwakheka okuphezulu kuthetha ukuba umaleko ngamnye ogciniweyo unokuxhasa amaleko alandelayo ngaphandle kokuwa. Uxinano olufanelekileyo kunye nokuxinana okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kuphucula ukunqwabelana kwamaleko, ngelixa ukutyibilika okugqithisileyo kukhokelela ekuguqukeni nasekungazinzini.
- Iipropati zoomatshini: I-anisotropy ebangelwa yiprinta yenza amandla oomatshini axhomekeke kwicala. Iileya ezixineneyo nezixineneyo zihlala zivelisa amandla aphezulu okuxinzelela kunye ne-modulus engcono yokuthamba xa kuthelekiswa nemixube engenazo ezi mpawu.
- Umgangatho womphezulu: Umgangatho wokugqitywa komphezulu uxhomekeke kwindlela esebenza ngayo i-rheological yomxube. I-viscosity ephantsi iphucula ukuguda komphezulu kodwa inokuphazamisa ukwakheka kwawo ukuba ithathwa kakhulu. Ukufikelela kwi-viscosity efanelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo lwemveliso, ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-1.5–2.5 kPa, kulungelelanisa ukubonakala nokusebenza kwesakhiwo.
- Ukuprintwa kunye nokuBondezwa kweMigca ePhakathiThixotropy—amandla ezinto zokubuyisela ubungqindilili emva kokucheba—yenza ukuba iileya zinamathele ngaphandle kokudibana kakhulu, zixhasa iibhondi eziqinileyo ze-interlayer kunye nokuthembeka okubukhali kwejometri.
Utshintsho kuxinano kunye nobukhulu bento aluchaphazeli nje kuphela ukusebenza kobunjineli, kodwa lukwachaphazela nokwenzeka kokwakhiwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso ngobuninzi, okwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukufezekisa ukufana kunye nokuphindaphinda kwiingenelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi ye-3D kufuna ulawulo oluqinileyo noluguquguqukayo lwezi parameters zenkqubo ephambili.
Iimpawu zeMpahla ezibalulekileyo kwiMveliso yoLwandiso lweKhonkrithi
Ubuninzi kwiPrinta yeSamente ye-3D
Uxinano lwezinto luphawu oluphambili kwinkqubo yokuprinta ikhonkrithi ye-3D, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo lwemaleko kunye nejometri yoshicilelo. Xa kuprintwa izakhiwo zekhonkrithi, uxinano oluphezulu lomxube lukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa okuphuculweyo kwemaleko, okubalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukwahlukana kwemaleko kunye nokuguquguquka. Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo semaleko asandul’ ukufakwa, okuqhutywa luxinzelelo lwemveliso kunye nokuqina kuyanda ngokuhamba kwexesha, kumisela ukuba amaleko alandelayo anamathela kwaye ahlanganiswe kakuhle kangakanani. Ukuba umaleko wangaphambili uqina ngaphambi kolandelayo ufakwa—ngaphandle kwexesha eliphezulu lokusebenza (MOT)—ibhondi inokuba buthathaka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuzinzeni kwemaleko okubi okanye iziphene ezibonakalayo.
Ukulungiswa kwe-nozzle offset, ukugquma kwe-filament, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezongezelelweyo ze-cementitious (SCMs) ezifana ne-fly ash okanye i-slag kunokunciphisa i-porosity engafunekiyo kunye ne-anisotropy, kukhulisa ukuthembeka koomatshini kunye nokuchaneka kwejometri yesakhiwo esiprintiweyo. Umzekelo, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukulungelelanisa kakuhle amaxesha kunye nokugquma kunciphisa i-voids kwaye kuqinisekisa i-filament eprintiweyo eqhubekayo, ebalulekileyo kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziprintiweyo ze-3D eziqinileyo.
Uxinano oluxutyiweyo lukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqineni nasekuqineni kwexesha elide kokwenziwa kwekhonkrithi eyongezelelweyo. Ukufakwa kwee-SCM ezifana nothuthu oluphaphazelayo, uthuthu lwerhasi yerayisi, kunye ne-slag ye-blast-furnace ecoliweyo, okanye ukusebenzisa ii-aggregates ezenziweyo ezisebenza kwi-alkali, kutshintsha uxinano olutsha nolucociweyo, okuhlala kukhokelela ekubeni namandla aphezulu okuxinzelela kunye nokugoba. Ngoxinano olulungisiweyo, iindlela zokuprinta zekhonkrithi ze-3D zifezekisa ukungakwazi kokungena kwamanzi, ukumelana okungcono nohlaselo lweekhemikhali, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, ingakumbi xa ii-aggregates kunye neendlela zokulungisa zilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa.
Ubuninzi be-porosity, obudla ngokufumaneka ngokusetyenziswa ngobulumko kwee-SCM, buhlala bunxulunyaniswa namandla anyukileyo kunye nokuqina kwezinto zekhonkrithi eziprintiweyo ze-3D eziphambili. Umzekelo, ukuxubana nomxholo ophezulu we-SCM kudla ngokubonisa ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kwiintsuku ezingama-28, ezingama-60, kunye nezingama-90 emva kokulungiswa, okuqinisekisa ixabiso loyilo olugxile kuxinano kokubili uzinzo olukhawulezileyo kunye nomsebenzi wexesha elide.
Ulawulo lwe-Viscosity kwiNkqubo yoKwenziwa kweSamente eyongeziweyo
Ukuprintwa kakuhle kwimveliso yokongeza isamente kuxhomekeke kulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-viscosity. Ukuqina kulawula ukuhamba komxube; kuphantsi kakhulu kwaye izinto ziyawa, ziphezulu kakhulu kwaye ukupompa kuyaphazamiseka, okuphazamisa inkqubo yokuvelisa yokongeza isamente. Ukuprintwa kufuna ibhalansi: umxube kufuneka udlule ngokulula kwiinkqubo zepompo kunye neempumlo, uze ubuyisele ngokukhawuleza i-viscosity eyaneleyo—ngokuziphatha kwe-thixotropic okanye ukucheba—ukuze ugcine imo yawo eprintiweyo.
Ukuhambelana kokuphuma kwe-nozzle kunye nokugcinwa kwesimo kuxhomekeke ekugcineni uluhlu lwe-viscosity oluchazwe kancinci. Ukuphambuka—nokuba yi-viscosity engaphantsi okanye egqithisileyo—kubangela ukungalungi kwe-bead geometry, ukuguquguquka kwe-layer, kunye nokubophelelana kwe-interlayer okungaphantsi komgangatho. Uyilo lwe-nozzle olulungiselelwe ngokwekhompyutha oludityaniswe neenkqubo zokukhupha ezilawulwa ngamandla zilungisa ngokuguquguqukayo imeko yokuprinta, ziqinisekisa ukuba yonke i-filament igcina iprofayili efunekayo kuzo zonke izicelo zokuprinta ze-3D ezintsonkothileyo.
Iirheometers ezijikelezayo kunye nezixhobo zokubeka esweni ezikwimigca zibonelela ngempendulo ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokuprinta, nto leyo evumela umqhubi ukuba alinganise kwaye alungise i-viscosity ngexesha langempela. Le ndlela ethe ngqo isombulula iingxaki ezifana nokuvaleka kwemilomo okungalindelekanga okanye ukudilika kweleya ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iingxaki zesakhiwo.
Uyilo oluxutyiweyo kunye nempembelelo yalo kuxinano kunye nokuxinana
Izinto eziBalulekileyo zoMxube
Iziphumo zoKhetho lweBinder, uLinganiselo lwaManzi neSamente, kunye nokuXutywa
Ukukhethwa kweebhinda sisiseko sobuchwepheshe bokuprinta isamente ye-3D, kulawula iipropati eziphambili kwiimeko ezintsha neziqinileyo. Isamente eqhelekileyo yePortland (OPC), isamente ekhawulezayo (QSC), kunye neebhinda ezixutyiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa uxinano kunye ne-viscosity. Ukwandisa umxholo we-OPC kuphakamisa ngokuthe ngqo uxinano kunye namandla oomatshini boshicilelo lokugqibela. Umzekelo, imixube ye-binary ene-35% OPC kunye ne-5% QSC iphucula uxinano kunye namandla oshicilelo, ifanelekile kwizinto eziprintiweyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Izongezo zePolymer ezifana ne-urethane acrylate (UA) zisetyenziswa kwezinye izixhobo zekhonkrithi eziprintiweyo ze-3D eziphambili; zonyusa uxinano oluxutyiweyo, oluphucula ukugcinwa kwesimo kodwa lunokuchaphazela ukusasazeka kwamasuntswana ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza izongezo zesamente.
Umlinganiselo wamanzi nesamente (W/C) ubalulekile ekwenzeni izinto ezongeziweyo zekhonkrithi. Umlinganiselo ophantsi uphucula uxinano namandla—kodwa ukuba uphantsi kakhulu, ukufunxa kuyaphazamiseka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvalekeni kweendlela zokwakha zekhonkrithi ezizenzekelayo. Nokuba utshintsho oluncinci (15–20%) kumlinganiselo we-W/C lutshintsha isivuno soxinzelelo kunye nokuxinana okubonakalayo, ngaloo ndlela luchaphazela ukuprintwa kunye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo. Ii-Superplasticizers zivumela ukuncipha komxholo wamanzi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwamanzi, nto leyo efezekisa ukusebenza okubushelelezi kwiindlela zokuprinta zekhonkrithi ze-3D. I-Viscosity-modifying admixtures (VMAs) zibonelela ngolawulo olongezelelekileyo, zikhulisa ubumbano kunye nokuchasana nokwahlukana—iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zokufaka iileya eziphumelelayo kwiindlela zokwenza izinto ezongeziweyo zekhonkrithi.
Ukubeka iAggregate Grading kunye nokuPakisha amasuntswana ukuze kubekho ukuhamba kakuhle
Ukuhlelwa kwe-aggregate kunye nethiyori yokupakisha amasuntswana zizinto ezisisiseko sempumelelo yoshicilelo. Ukusasazwa kwe-aggregate efanayo kunciphisa umxholo ongenanto, obaluleke kakhulu kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziprintiweyo ze-3D eziqinileyo. I-X-ray computed tomography ityhila ukuba amasuntswana amakhulu anokufudukela kwi-nozzle okanye eludongeni lwesikhongozeli, nto leyo ephakamisa ukuvuleka kwendawo kwaye inokunciphisa ukuhambelana. Ulawulo olucokisekileyo lobukhulu be-aggregate kunye nesantya sokuphuma kunceda ukugcina ukufana kunye namazinga okuhamba kobunzima obuzinzileyo.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuprinta ikhonkrithi ye-3D, ukuhlelwa okuhlanganisiweyo kunciphisa ukwahlulwahlulwa kunye nomngcipheko wokuvaleka kwemilomo—okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isantya sokuprinta kunye nomgangatho wesakhiwo esigqityiweyo. Idityaniswe nokulungiswa kwe-binder kunye namanzi, le ndlela ixhasa ukuhamba komsebenzi okuqinileyo kwezicelo zekhonkrithi zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo nezongeziweyo.
Amaqhinga oLungiso lweMix
Ibhalansie Bei-tweenUkumpompa kunye noKwakha
Ukulinganisela ukufunxa kunye nokwakheka kubalulekile ekusetyenzisweni ngempumelelo kwekhonkrithi yokongeza. Ukufunxa kuqinisekisa ukuba umxube uhanjiswa kakuhle ngeepayipi kunye neempumlo zokuprinta ngaphandle kokwahlulwa okanye ukuvaleka. Ukufunxa kuchazwa amandla eemaleko eziprintiweyo ezisandula ukuprintwa ukuxhasa iimaleko ezilandelayo ngaphandle kokuguquka kakhulu okanye ukudilika.
Amaqhinga aphambili okulinganisela aquka:
- Ukulungisa iVolume yokuncamathisela: Intlama eninzi kakhulu inokubangela ukwahlulwahlulwa kunye nokunciphisa ukwakheka; intlama encinci kakhulu ithintela ukufuthwa kwamanzi.
- Ukulungiswa Okucokisekileyo kobungakanani beParticle kunye nomxholo weBinder: Ukukhethwa okufanelekileyo kwe-aggregate kunye ne-binder kuphucula ukunamathelana kunye nozinzo phakathi kwe-layer ne-layer.
- Ukuzenzekela Ngokusebenzisa Uyilo lweeMvavanyoIindlela ezifana noyilo oluchanekileyo lwe-D zilungelelanisa uvavanyo kunye neempazamo, ziphucula ngokukhawuleza umxube ofanelekileyo wokwenziwa kwekhonkrithi eyongezelelweyo.
Le migaqo idityaniswe kwiingenelo ezibonakalayo zokuprinta ze-3D ezifana nokunciphisa iindleko, ukuqina okwandisiweyo, kunye nokuphuculwa komsebenzi ozenzekelayo.
Iindlela Zokuphepha Ukuvaleka Neziphene Kwiileya Eziprintiweyo
Ukufezekisa ushicilelo olungenaziphene kwizixhobo zekhonkrithi eziphucukileyo ze-3D kufuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo:
- Lungiselela iRheology ngeSuperplasticizers kunye neeVMAs: Ezi khemikhali zidibanisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuze zilungelelanise ukukhutshwa okufunekayo okuqhutywa luxinzelelo, zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuvaleka.
- Ukubeka esweni iiParameters ze-Extrusion ngexesha langempela: Ukubeka esweni uxinzelelo, ukuhamba kwamanzi, kunye nokuziphatha kwempumlo kuvumela uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvaleka, ingakumbi ngomxholo oguquguqukayo we-aggregate okanye izongezo eziphinda zisetyenziswe.
- Lawula ukuFuduka okuHlanganisiweyo: Vimbela amasuntswana amakhulu aqokelelene kufutshane neendonga ze-nozzle, nto leyo enokunyusa ukuvuleka kwendawo kwaye ibangele ukungangqinelani.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezilahlwayo ezifana ne-ground granulated blast furnace slag kunye ne-steel slag kufuna ingqalelo kwiziphumo zesibini—ezifana notshintsho kumandla e-flexural okanye impendulo ye-thixotropic—xa kujoliswe kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziprintiweyo ze-3D ezizinzileyo.
Zidibene, ezi ndlela zokwenza ngcono umxube zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezintsonkothileyo zeendlela zokwakha zekhonkrithi ezizenzekelayo zanamhlanje, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso egqityiweyo.
Funda Ngakumbi ngeeMetha zoBuxinano
Iimitha zeNkqubo ezingakumbi kwi-Intanethi
Iindlela zokubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kwinkqubo yokuprinta ikhonkrithi ye-3D
Ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kwinkqubo yokuprinta ikhonkrithi ye-3D kuxhomekeke kwizixhobo eziphambili ezenzelwe iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zezinto ezisebenzisa isamente.jongai-comi-eterszihlanganiswe ngokuthe ngqo kumjelo wezintoto acquireukufundwa okuqhubekayo, kwe-viscosity yexesha langempela kunye nobuninzi.
Iitransducers zoxinzeleloUkuqinisa ngakumbi ulawulo lwenkqubo. Baziva utshintsho loxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweempompo kunye neempumlo, nto leyo eguqulela ezi zibe ziimpawu zombane. Abaqhubi banokusebenzisa le datha ukuchonga ukungangqinelani okunxulumene nokwakheka kwebhetshi, ukuguguleka kwezixhobo, okanye ukuvaleka—izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela umgangatho wokwenziwa kwekhonkrithi eyongezelelweyo.
Izisombululo ze-inline densitometryngakumbi kuvumela ukulandelelwa koxinano ngexesha langempela ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa kwesamente. Ezi nkqubo zidityaniswe ngqo kwimigca yokutya okanye kwi-extruders, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu kunye nesakhiwo se-microstructure sezakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziprintiweyo ze-3D zihlala ngaphakathi kweenkcukacha. Izilumkiso ezizenzekelayo ezivela kwiinkqubo ezinjalo zinokubangela ukulungiswa kwefomyula ngokukhawuleza okanye ukulungiswa kokuhamba kwamanzi, ukuthintela iziphene kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweendlela zokwenza i-concrete ye-concrete.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha kunye noLawulo lwenkqubo
Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha eqinileyo kubalulekile ekusebenziseni iziphumo zesensor ukuze kuzuzwe inkqubo kwiteknoloji yokuprinta isamente ye-3D. Idatha yexesha langempela ivela kwi-in-linejongai-cosmei-ters, ii-transducers zoxinzelelo, kunye nee-densitometers ngoku ziqhele ukudityaniswa neeparamitha zokuprinta zedijithali, ezifana nesantya sokuphuma, indlela yokuhamba, kunye nesantya sokutya kwezinto. Olu nxibelelwano lwenza ulawulo oluhambelanayo: isilawuli sedijithali silungisa ngokuzenzekelayo iinguqu zokusebenza ngokuphendula kutshintsho olufunyenwe yi-sensor, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwenkqubo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.
Ukuqinisekiswa koMgangatho ngoLawulo loBuxinano kunye nokuxinana
Ukuqinisekisa Ukuchaneka Koshicilelo kunye Nobunyani Besakhiwo
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinano kunye nokuqina komzimba lubalulekile kwinkqubo yokuprinta ikhonkrithi ye-3D. Ukuphambuka kwimida efanelekileyo ye-rheological kukhokelela kwiziphene ezithile zokuprinta:
- Ukugquma: Xa i-viscosity iphantsi kakhulu, ukuhamba kwezinto kuyanda, okuphazamisa ukubophelelana phakathi kweeleyara kwaye kukhokelela kwimingxuma yangaphakathi. Iindawo ezinemingxuma zibeka emngciphekweni amandla okuthwala umthwalo kunye nokuqina kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziprintiweyo ze-3D.
- Ukuguqulwa: Uxinano olungalunganga okanye uxinzelelo lwe-dynamic yield lubangela ukugoba okanye ukuhla kwamaleko. Ubuninzi be-viscosity buthintela ukuphuma; ubuninzi be-viscosity bubangela ukugcinwa kakubi kwesimo, okubangela ukungachaneki kwejometri kunye nokugoba.
- Ukungafezeki komphezulu: Ukutyibilika okugqithisileyo kubangela imiphezulu engalinganiyo, ngelixa ukuxinana okunganelanga kuvelisa uburhabaxa kunye nemiphetho engachazwanga kakuhle. Ukugcina ulawulo oluqinileyo kwiimpawu ze-rheological kuthintela ezi ziphene zomphezulu, kuphucula ubuhle bokuprinta ngokubanzi kunye nokusebenza.
Imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo iyahluka ngokweenkqubo ezithile zokwenziwa kwesamente:
- Ukunyamezelana koxinano: Kufuneka igcinwe ngaphakathi kwe-2% yamaxabiso ekujoliswe kuwo ukuthintela ukubola kunye nokungangqinelani kweengqimba—okubalulekileyo kwiindlela zokwakha zekhonkrithi ezizenzekelayo.
- Uluhlu lwe-viscosity: Amaxabiso e-viscosity yeplastiki kufuneka alinganisele ukukhutshelwa kunye nokwakheka. Kwizixhobo zekhonkrithi eziprintiweyo ze-3D eziphambili, uxinzelelo lwe-dynamic yield lwe-80–200 Pa kunye ne-viscosity yeplastiki ye-30–70 Pa·s zivumela ukukhutshelwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwesimo ngokukhawuleza. Utshintsho lwemida ngokusekelwe kuyilo lomxube, i-nozzle geometry, kunye nesantya sokuprinta.
- Thixotropy: Amandla omxube okubuyisela i-viscosity ngokukhawuleza emva kokucheba axhasa ukuqina kwesakhiwo ngexesha nasemva kokufakwa.
Ukungaphumeleli ukusebenza kwezi festile zibalulekileyo kuzisa iingozi zokuguquguquka, ukungaqhubeki, kunye namandla oomatshini abuthathaka kwiindlela zokwenza izinto ezongeziweyo zekhonkrithi. Ukubeka iliso ngokuchanekileyo kunceda ukuphucula usetyenziso lwekhonkrithi yokwenziwa kwezongezo ngokunciphisa amazinga eempazamo kunye nokwandisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuprinta kwe-3D kunye nokuzinza
Ukonga Izinto Eziphathekayo Nokunciphisa Inkunkuma
Itekhnoloji yokuprinta isamente ye-3D ephucukileyo kunye nokuveliswa kwekhonkrithi eyongezelelweyo kuyachuma xa inkqubo ichanekileyo. Ukubeka esweni uxinano kunye ne-viscosity ngexesha langempela kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukonga izinto. Iinkqubo ezidibanisa ii-sensors ze-ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) kunye nokufunda koomatshini ziqikelela kwaye zigcina iipropati zezinto, zivumela kuphela ubungakanani obufunekayo ukuba bukhutshwe ngephasi nganye. Oku kunciphisa inkcitho ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza ikhonkrithi eyongezelelweyo ngokufanisa izinto ezihanjiswayo neemfuno zejometri kunye nezakhiwo zomaleko ngamnye.
Izinto eziqwalaselwayo kwiNdalo
Ulawulo lwenkqubo olulungisiweyo alugcini nje ngokugcina izinto—lukwanciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kuyo yonke i-spectrum yeendlela zokwakha zekhonkrithi ezenzekelayo. Ingxelo yexesha langempela inciphisa umngcipheko wekhabhoni ngokunciphisa isamente kunye namandla afunekayo kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziprintiweyo ze-3D. Imveliso yesamente ihlala ingumthombo omkhulu we-CO₂ kwimizi-mveliso, inegalelo malunga ne-8% yokukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokusebenzisa ulawulo oluqhutywa ziisenzi kunye noluqikelelayo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-overflow kunye nokuphepha ukuprintwa kwakhona, iiprojekthi zinokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-control ngqo kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-inclusive.
Ukulungelelaniswa neemeko zengingqi nezeprojekthi ethile
Ukudibanisa kunye neNkqubo yoLungiselelo lweeNdawo zokwenyani
Ukulungelelanisa inkqubo yokuprinta ikhonkrithi ye-3D kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni nezeprojekthi kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo, ixesha elide, kunye nokuzinza. Indawo nganye inemingeni eyahlukileyo efana nemozulu, umngcipheko wokunyikima, ukufumana izinto, kunye neenjongo zoyilo.
Uhlengahlengiso lweMozulu
Ubushushu obuphakathi kunye nokufuma kuchaphazela kakhulu ukufuma kwesamente kunye nokubopha umaleko. Ukomisa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukunganyangeki ngokupheleleyo kwiindawo zokudibanisa kukhokelela ekwakhekeni kwamalungu abandayo, okonakalisa amandla. Iimodeli eziphambili zokubala zilinganisa i-kinetics yokomisa, ukufuma, kunye nokuvezwa kwendalo ukuze zilindele le mingeni. Ngokulawula ngokuguquguqukayo umlinganiselo wamanzi ukuya kwisamente kunye nokufaka uhlengahlengiso lwedosi yokuxuba, amaqela anokunciphisa amalungu abandayo kwaye agcine ukunamathela okuqinileyo phakathi kwamalungu, nokuba kwiimeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo. Umzekelo, ukuxubana okusekwe kwi-lignin yemodyuli evela kwi-biomass kubonelela ngokunciphisa amanzi kunye nolawulo lwe-rheological olulungiselelweyo phantsi kobushushu obuhlukeneyo kunye nokufuma, okuvumela ukuhambelana kokuprinta kunye nokunciphisa i-carbon footprint.
Umoya, imijikelo yokuqandisa-ukunyibilika, kunye nokupholisa ngokukhawuleza nako kusongela umgangatho wokuprinta ngaphandle. Amanqanaba aphezulu okuphuma komphunga, akhawuleziswa ngumoya, anokubangela iibhondi ezibuthathaka zomaleko kunye neziphene zomphezulu. Amaqhinga aquka iindawo ezilawulwayo zokuprinta, ukuzikhusela kwizakhiwo emoyeni, kunye nokusebenzisa izinto ezixutyiweyo ukukhuthaza ukubekwa kancinci kunye nokuqina okuphuculweyo. Oku kuxhaswa luvavanyo lokuqina kokuqandisa-ukunyibilika olubonisa ukuba izinto ezixutyiweyo kunye nohlengahlengiso lokujongwa koshicilelo lunokuphucula kakhulu ukumelana nezinto ezibangela uxinzelelo kwindalo.
Uhlengahlengiso lweSeismic Activity
Ukuqina kwe-seismic kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziprintiweyo ze-3D kufunyanwa kusetyenziswa ukuqinisa ifayibha. Iifayibha zentsimbi ezifakwe kumxube oprintwayo zinokuphinda kabini amandla okuxinana kunye nokugoba, ngelixa ukuhlanganiswa kwefayibha okuqhubekayo ngexesha lokwenziwa kulungelelanisa ukuqina neendlela zoxinzelelo olubalulekileyo. Ukuprintwa kwendawo ye-3D ye-Multi-axis kwenza kube lula ukubeka ifayibha egobileyo, eqhubekayo, ukunyusa umthwalo wokusilela kunye nokuqina kakhulu—ukujolisa ngqo kwiimfuno zemimandla enokuthambekela kwinyikima. Ezi ndlela zikhokelela ekuphucukeni okuphawulekayo kokubambisana phakathi kweeleya kunye nokumelana kwe-seismic iyonke, kunye nokwanda okuqinisekisiweyo kwizakhiwo zoomatshini ezinxulumene nezingozi ze-seismic zehlabathi lokwenyani.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
1. Yintoni ukuprinta ngesamente ye-3D kwaye yahluke njani kulwakhiwo lwesamente yendabuko?
Ukuprinta isamente ye-3D luhlobo lokwenziwa kwesamente eyongeziweyo apho izixhobo ezizenzekelayo, ezifana neengalo zerobhothi okanye iinkqubo ze-gantry, zibeka umaleko wesamente ngomnyele ukuze zenze izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nokwakhiwa kwesamente yendabuko, exhomekeke kumsebenzi wezandla, umsebenzi omkhulu, kunye neenkqubo zokuxuba ezisemgangathweni, iteknoloji yokuprinta isamente ye-3D ivumela inkululeko yoyilo kunye nokuchaneka ngaphandle kwesidingo seemolds okanye ukuvala okubanzi. Le ndlela ivelisa inkunkuma encinci kunye nomsebenzi, ivumela ukudityaniswa kwezinto zesamente eziprintiweyo ze-3D eziphambili, kwaye inokwenza iijometri ezintsonkothileyo ezingenakwenzeka ngeendlela zesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko kwiipropati zoomatshini kunye nomgangatho; iileya eziprintiweyo zinokubonisa i-anisotropy, zifuna iiprotokholi ezintsha zovavanyo lokuqina kunye nokuqina xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokwakha zendabuko.
2. Kutheni uxinano kunye nobukhulu bekhonkrithi kubalulekile kwinkqubo yokuprinta ikhonkrithi ye-3D?
Ulawulo loxinano kunye nobunzima bokuxinana zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiindlela zokwenziwa kwekhonkrithi eziphumelelayo. Uxinano luchaphazela uzinzo kunye nomgangatho wokubekwa kwesakhiwo esiprintiweyo, luqinisekisa ukuba umaleko ngamnye uhlala uzixhasa kwaye ugcina ijiyometri ecetywayo. Ubunzulu buchaphazela ukuhambahamba kunye nokuphuma komxube wekhonkrithi, kulawula indlela izinto ezinokwenza ngayo iileya ezichanekileyo ngelixa zixhasa iiprinta ezilandelayo. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwezi parameters lukhusela kwiziphene ezinje ngokugoba, ukwahlukana kweeleya, okanye ukubophelelana okubi kweeleya, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuchaneka kwesakhiwo esigqityiweyo.
3. Uxinano lujongwa njani ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa kwesamente?
Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwesamente eyongeziweyo, uxinano ludla ngokuhlolwa ngee-inline sensors ezifana nee-densitometers, ezibonelela ngempendulo yexesha langempela malunga nomgangatho womxube. Ezi sensors, ngamanye amaxesha zidityaniswe nee-multisensor fusion digital twins, zivumela uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo ukugcina uxinano oluhambelanayo, olubalulekileyo kwiindlela zokwakha zekhonkrithi ezenzekelayo. Ukuze kulawulwe inkqubo enzulu, ii-acoustic, thermal, kunye nee-visual sensors zinokongeza ii-densitometers, zivumele ukufunyanwa kunye nokulungiswa kweziphene kwangoko. Ii-pocket shear vanes kunye nezixhobo ezifanayo nazo zibonelela ngokulinganisa rhoqo, okungabizi kakhulu kwindawo, ukuze amaqela okushicilela akwazi ukulandelela utshintsho lwe-rheological kunye noxinano ngokuhamba kwexesha.
4. Zeziphi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukulawula i-viscosity ekwenzeni izinto ezongeziweyo zekhonkrithi?
Ulawulo lwe-viscosity kwiindlela zokuprinta zekhonkrithi ze-3D lugxile kuyilo olucokisekileyo lomxube. Ukulungisa umlinganiselo wamanzi, ii-binders, ii-aggregates, kunye nee-addiction zekhemikhali kulungelelanisa umxube ukuze ulungele ukuhamba kunye nokwakheka okufunekayo. Ukudibanisa ii-aggregates ezincinci okanye iifayibha kunceda ukugcina imo emva kokukhupha ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukufuthwa. I-viscosity ijongwa ngexesha langempela kusetyenziswa ii-rheometers, ii-inline sensors, okanye uhlalutyo lwevidiyo olusekelwe kwi-AI.
5. Ngaba ukuprinta ngesamente ye-3D kungalungiswa ngokwemozulu neemeko ezahlukeneyo?
Itekhnoloji yokuprinta isamente ye-3D isebenziseka kakhulu kwaye inokulungiswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Iingxube zenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokukhetha ezinye izihlanganisi ezifana nee-geopolymers, isamente yodongwe ene-limestone calcined, okanye i-calcium sulfoaluminate, ezigcina ukusebenza kwaye zinciphise ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. Iingxube ezisekwe kudongwe kunye ne-biobased ezibekwe ngokukhawuleza zivumela ukuphiliswa ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu okanye ukuguquguquka kobushushu. Ukudibanisa izinto ezifunyenwe kwinkunkuma ezifana ne-silica fume okanye isanti esetyenzisiweyo kwandisa uzinzo kunye nokuqina, kunceda izakhiwo zisebenze kakuhle phantsi kweengozi zengingqi zenyikima okanye imozulu embi kakhulu. Ezi zicwangciso zixhasa usetyenziso lokwenziwa kwezinto zekhonkrithi kwiimeko zehlabathi, ukusuka kwiintlango ezomileyo ukuya kwiindawo ezisengozini yenkanyamba.
