Ukulinganiswa kobuninzi bolwelo ukuze kuphuculwe inkqubo yokukhupha igesi emdaka
CUkuxinana kwamafutha efosili kuvelisa imveliso ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo: i-sulfur dioxide (SO₂igesi, apho ngaphezulu kwe-95% yesalfure kwipetroli iguqulwa ibe yi-SO₂phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza. Le gesi ine-asidi ingcolisa umoya kakhulu, inegalelo kwimvula ene-asidi kwaye ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo yabantu, ilifa lenkcubeko, kunye neenkqubo zendalo.mii-tigulungiselelo ofukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo kukhokelele ekwamkelweniinkqubo yokukhupha i-flue gas desulfurizationubuchwepheshe.
Ukwahlula iinkqubo ze-Desulfurization kunye ne-Denitration
Kwintetho yokulawula ukukhutshwa komoya kule mihla, kufuneka kuchazwe umahluko ocacileyo phakathiinkqubo yokukhupha i-flue gas desulfurizationkwayeinkqubo yokususa i-nitrationNangona zombini zibalulekile ekuthobeleni imimiselo yokusingqongileyo, zijolise kwizinto ezingcolisayo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zisebenza ngemigaqo eyahlukileyo.inkqubo yokususa i-nitrationyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukususa ii-nitrogen oxides (NOx). Oku kudla ngokuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana neSelective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) okanye iSelective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR), obunceda ukuguqulwa kwe-NOx ibe yi-nitrogen yemolekyuli engangenisi nto.
The inkqubo yokususa i-sulfurization, njengoko yenziwe kwiI-WFGDiinkqubo, zifunxa i-asidi ngeekhemikhaliSO₂igesi esebenzisa i-alkaline medium. Nangona ezinye iinkqubo eziphambili, ezifana nenkqubo ye-SNOX, zenzelwe ukususwa ngaxeshanye kwe-sulfur kunye ne-nitrogen oxides, iindlela zazo ezisisiseko zihlala ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile kuyilo lwenkqubo olusebenzayo kunye nesicwangciso sokusebenza, njengoko iiparameter zokulinganisa kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo nganye zahlukile.
Ukubaluleka kweSlurry
Intliziyo yeI-WFGDinkqubo yi-absorber, aphoSO₂Igesi yeflue egcweleyo iphuma iye phezulu ngenkungu exineneyo okanye itshiza i-alkaline slurry, ngokuqhelekileyo umxube we-limestone ecoliweyo kakuhle kunye namanzi. Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kolu nxibelelwano lweekhemikhali kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali ze-slurry ngokwayo. Ukwakheka kwayo kuyatshintshatshintsha kwaye kuyinkimbinkimbi, kuquka amasuntswana aqinileyo e-limestone kunye ne-gypsum, iintlobo zeekhemikhali ezinyibilikisiweyo ezifana ne-calcium kunye ne-sulfate ions, kunye nokungcola okufana ne-chloride. Ngelixa amaqhinga okulawula endabuko exhomekeke kwiiparameter ezifana ne-pH ukuze agqibe imeko ye-slurry, kufuneka indlela ebanzi ngakumbi ukuze kufezekiswe ukugqwesa okwenyani kokusebenza. Kulapho ukulinganiswa kobuninzi bolwelo kwi-intanethi kuvela khona njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo. Ibonelela ngomlinganiselo othe ngqo, wobungakanani boxinzelelo lwe-total solids—utshintsho oluchaphazela i-reaction kinetics, ukuthembeka kwezixhobo, kunye noqoqosho lwenkqubo ngeendlela ezinye ii-metrics ezingenako. Ngokuhamba ngaphaya kolawulo olulula lwe-inferential, iinjineli zinokuvula amandla apheleleyo aboinkqubo yokususa i-sulfurizationngokwenza utshintsho olungabonakaliyo loxinano lwe-slurry lube ngumqhubi oyintloko wokwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo.
Ngaba unemibuzo malunga nokwenza ngcono iinkqubo zemveliso?
I-Nexus yeekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba ze-WFGD Slurry Dynamics
I-Cascade yeLimestone-Gypsum Reaction
II-WFGDInkqubo esebenzisa i-limestone-gypsum yindlela ephucukileyo yokusebenzisa imigaqo yobunjineli beekhemikhali eyenzelwe ukuphelisa iigesi ze-asidi flue. Uhambo luqala kwitanki yokulungiselela udaka apho i-limestone ecoliweyo (i-CaCO₃) ixutywe namanzi. Olu daka emva koko luphonswa kwi-absorber tower, apho lutshizwa khona ezantsi. Kwi-absorber,SO₂Igesi ifunxwa yi-slurry, nto leyo ekhokelela kuthotho lwee-chemical reactions. I-reaction yokuqala yenza i-calcium sulfite (CaSO₃), ethi emva koko i-oxidized ngumoya ongeniswe kwi-reaction tank. Le-oxidation enyanzelekileyo iguqula i-calcium sulfite ibe yi-calcium sulfate dihydrate ezinzileyo, okanye i-gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O), imveliso ethengiswayo esetyenziswa kushishino lokwakha. I-reaction iyonke ingenziwa lula ngolu hlobo:
SO2(g)+CaCO3(s)+21O2(g)+2H2O(l)→CaSO4⋅2H2O(s)+CO2(g)
Ukuguqulwa kwenkunkuma ibe yimithombo yemithombo yinkuthazo enamandla kwezoqoqosho nakwindalo esingqongileyo, enegalelo ngokuthe ngqo kuqoqosho olujikelezayo.
I-Slurry njengeNkqubo yeSigaba esiNinzi, esiDynamic
Olu daka alukho nje umxube welitye lekalika namanzi. Yindawo entsonkothileyo, enezigaba ezininzi apho uxinano lusebenza ngezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo—kuquka ilitye lekalika elingaphendulwanga, iikristale zegypsum ezisandula ukwenziwa, kunye nothuthu olusele luyimpukane—kunye neetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo kunye negesi efakwe ngaphakathi. Uxinano lwala macandelo luyatshintsha rhoqo, luchaphazeleka zizinto ezifana nomgangatho wamalahle angenayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zokususa iinxalenye ezifana nee-electrostatic precipitators, kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi okwenza i-makeup. Ukungcola okubalulekileyo ekufuneka kulawulwe ngumxholo we-chloride, onokuvela kumalahle, amanzi okwenza i-makeup, okanye ukuphola kwenqaba yokupholisa. Ii-chloride zenza i-soluble calcium chloride (CaCl₂) kwi-slurry, enokuthintela ukunyibilika kwelitye lekalika kwaye inciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-desulfurization. Uxinano oluphezulu lwe-chloride lukwabeka umngcipheko omkhulu wokukhawulezisa ukubola kunye nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo kwiindawo zesinyithi zenkqubo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ukuhamba kokucoca okuqhubekayo ukuze kugcinwe indawo ekhuselekileyo nezinzileyo. Ukukwazi ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo nangokungaguqukiyo uxinano olupheleleyo lwalo mxube onamandla ke ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ekugqibeleleni kwenkqubo.
Ukudibana Okubalulekileyo Kobuninzi, i-pH, kunye nobukhulu beParticle
Ngaphakathiinkqubo yokususa i-sulfurization, i-kinetics ye-chemical reactions ibuthathaka kakhulu kwiiparameter ezininzi ezidibeneyo. Ubunzima bee-limestone particles, umzekelo, buyinto ephambili ebangela izinga lokunyibilika kwayo. I-limestone ecoliweyo kakuhle inyibilika ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kune-grey, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuculweniSO₂izinga lokufunxa. Ngokufanayo, i-pH yeslurry yiparameter yolawulo oluphambili, ehlala igcinwa ngaphakathi koluhlu oluncinci lwe-5.7 ukuya kwi-6.8. I-pH ehla kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-5) iya kwenza i-scrubber ingasebenzi kakuhle, ngelixa i-pH enyuka kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-7.5) inokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwezikali ezirhabaxa zeCaCO₃ kunye neCaSO₄ ezinokuvala ii-nozzles kunye nezinye izixhobo.
Icebo lokulawula eliqhelekileyo lixhomekeke ekongezeni ilitye elimdaka elingaphezulu ukuze kugcinwe i-pH engaguqukiyo, kodwa le ndlela ilula kakhulu, ayijongi umxholo opheleleyo we-slurry. Ngelixa i-pH inika ulwazi malunga ne-asidi ye-slurry, ayilinganisi ngokuthe ngqo uxinaniso lwee-reactants kunye neemveliso ezingasemva kwayo. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-pH kunye noxinano bubonisa imeko enyanzelekileyo yesicwangciso solawulo esiphucukileyo. I-pH ephezulu, eluncedo ekususweni kwe-SO₂, iyonakalisa ngokumangalisayo izinga lokunyibilika kwelitye elimdaka. Oku kudala uxinzelelo olusisiseko lokusebenza. Ngokungenisa umlinganiselo woxinano wexesha langempela kwi-control loop, iinjineli zifumana umlinganiselo othe ngqo wobunzima bezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo kwi-slurry, kubandakanya iinxalenye zelitye elimdaka ezibalulekileyo kunye ne-gypsum. Le datha ivumela ukuqonda okunzulu ngakumbi ngempilo yenkqubo, njengoko uxinano olukhulayo olungabonakaliyo kutshintsho kwi-pH lunokubonisa ukwakheka kwezinto eziqinileyo ezingaphendulwanga okanye umba wokukhupha amanzi. Olu lwazi lunzulu luvumela utshintsho ukusuka ekuphenduleni nje ekufundeni i-pH ephantsi ukuya ekulawuleni ibhalansi yezixhobo eziqinileyo zenkqubo, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza rhoqo, ukunciphisa ukuguguleka, kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent.
VAbaqhubi boBuninzi obuchanekileyoMoniiToring
Ukuphucula Inkqubo Yokuqhuba Nokusebenza Kakuhle
Ukulinganisa uxinano oluchanekileyo noluchanekileyo ngexesha langempela kubalulekileI-WFGDUkuphuculwa kwenkqubo. Oku kuchaneka kwe-stoichiometric kuthintela ukumoshwa kwedosi egqithisileyo, okuthetha ngokuthe ngqo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye nenkcitho ephantsi yokusebenza.inkqubo yokususa i-sulfurizationilinganiswa ngokukwazi kwayo ukugcina iphantsiSO₂Ubungakanani bokukhutshwa komoya, obungafanele kudlule kwi-400 mg/m³ kwiindawo ezininzi ezintsha. Iluphu yokulawula uxinano iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo isebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nale migangatho ibalulekileyo yokukhutshwa komoya.
Ukuphucula Ukuthembeka Kwezixhobo Nobude Bexesha Lazo
Ubundlongondlongo bendalo ye-WFGD bubeka umngcipheko oqhubekayo ekuthembekeni kwezixhobo. Udaka olurhabaxa nolubangela ukubola okukhulu koomatshini kunye nokubola kweekhemikhali kwiimpompo, iivalvu, kunye nezinye izinto. Ngokugcina uxinano lwedaka ngaphakathi koluhlu olulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo (umz., 1080–1150 kg/m³), abaqhubi banokuthintela ukwakheka kwezikali. Oku kubalulekile, njengoko ukugcwala kwe-calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) yeyona nto iphambili ekukhuleni nasekubekeni, okunokuvala ii-nozzles, ii-spray headers, kunye ne-mist eliminators. Umphumo othe ngqo wolu daka kukungasebenzi rhoqo kwezityalo zokucoca kunye nokususa ulusu, okubiza kakhulu kwaye kuyaphazamisa.
Ukukwazi ukujonga nokulawula uxinano lwe-slurry kukwasebenza njengokhuselo olubalulekileyo ekungcoleni nasekuboleni. Ngokusebenzisa idatha yoxinano ukulawula isantya sokuhamba kwe-slurry, abaqhubi banokunciphisa ukuguguleka koomatshini kwiimpompo nakwiivalvu. Ngaphezu koko, ukulawula uxinano kunceda ukulawula uxinano lwezinto ezinobungozi ezifana nee-chloride. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-chloride anokukhawulezisa kakhulu ukugqwala kwezinto zesinyithi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kufuneke ukuhamba okubizayo kokucoca ukuze kususwe. Ngokusebenzisa imitha yoxinano ukujonga la manqanaba, isityalo sinokuphucula inkqubo yokucoca, ngaloo ndlela sinciphise inkunkuma yamanzi kwaye sithintele ukusilela kwezixhobo kwangethuba. Oku akusiyo nje into yokuzinza kokusebenza; lutyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo kwixesha elide leempahla ezinkulu zesityalo, nto leyo enciphisa ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zizonke zobunini.
Ixabiso lezoQoqosho neloBuchule
Ixabiso lezoqoqosho lenkqubo yokulinganisa uxinano oluchanekileyo kwi-intanethi ludlulela ngaphaya kwempembelelo yalo yokusebenza kwangoko. Inkcitho yokuqala yenkunzi ye-sensor esebenza kakuhle lutyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo oluvelisa imbuyekezo ebonakalayo. Ngokusebenzisa kakuhle i-reagent dosing, isityalo sinokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwaso kwelitye lekalika, elilixabiso elikhulu lokusebenza. Ukunciphisa eli xabiso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokukhupha umbane ngaxeshanye yingxaki yokuphucula eneenjongo ezimbini eyenzelwe ukuyisombulula iinkqubo zolawulo ezintsonkothileyo.
Ngaphezu koko, ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinano luyayiphucula ixabiso lemveliso ephuma kwi-WFGD. Ubunyulu be-gypsum, echaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo kukuxinana kwe-slurry, bumisela ukuthengiswa kwayo. Ngokulawula i-slurry ukuvelisa i-gypsum ecocekileyo kakhulu, esuswa lula emanzini, isityalo sinokwenza ingeniso eyongezelelweyo, ngaloo ndlela sihlawule iindleko ze-WFGD.inkqubo yokususa i-sulfurizationkunye negalelo ekusebenzeni okuzinzileyo. Amandla edatha yoxinano ngexesha langempela ukuthintela ukuvalwa okungacwangciswanga ekukhuleni nasekugrumbeni kukwakhusela umjelo wengeniso yesityalo ngokuqinisekisa imveliso eqhubekayo, engaphazanyiswayo. Utyalo-mali lokuqala kwisenzi soxinano lomgangatho aluyondleko nje kuphela; yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza okungabizi kakhulu, okuthembekileyo, nokunoxanduva lokusingqongileyo.
Ci-ompai-risionyeeTekhnoloji zokulinganisa uxinano kwi-Intanethi
Imigaqo-siseko kunye nemingeni
Ukukhetha iteknoloji efanelekileyo yokulinganisa uxinano lwe-intanethi kwinkqubo ye-WFGD sisigqibo sobunjineli esibalulekileyo esilinganisa iindleko, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuqina kokusebenza. Uhlobo olurhabaxa kakhulu, olurhabaxa, noluguquguqukayo lwe-slurry, kunye nokukwazi ukungena kwegesi kunye nokwakheka kwamaqamza, luzisa imingeni ebalulekileyo kwiisensa ezininzi. Ubukho bamaqamza buyingxaki kakhulu, njengoko bunokuphazamisana ngokuthe ngqo nomgaqo wokulinganisa wesensa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufundweni okungachanekanga. Ke ngoko, iteknoloji efanelekileyo mayingabi ngokuchanekileyo kuphela kodwa ikwaqine kwaye yenzelwe ukumelana neemeko ezichasayo zeinkqubo yokukhupha i-flue gas desulfurization.
Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lokwahluka (DP)
Indlela yoxinzelelo olwahlukileyo ixhomekeke kumgaqo we-hydrostatic ukuze iqikelele uxinano lolwelo. Ilinganisa umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwamanqaku amabini kumgama othe nkqo owaziwayo ngaphakathi kolwelo. Nangona le yiteknoloji evuthiweyo neqondakala ngokubanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-slurries ze-WFGD kulinganiselwe. Imigca ye-impulse edibanisa i-sensor kulwelo lwenkqubo isengozini enkulu yokuvaleka nokungcoliswa. Ngaphezu koko, lo mgaqo uhlala uthatha uxinano lolwelo oluhlala luhleli ukubala inqanaba ukusuka kuxinzelelo, ingcamango engasebenziyo kwi-slurry eguquguqukayo, enezigaba ezininzi. Nangona ezinye iindlela eziphambili zisebenzisa ii-transmitters ezimbini ukunciphisa le micimbi, umngcipheko wokuvaleka kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa zihlala ziyingxaki enkulu.
Umlinganiselo weGamma-Ray (Radiometric)
Iigeyiji zoxinano lwe-gamma-ray zisebenza ngomgaqo ongadibaniyo, apho umthombo we-radioactive (umz., i-Cesium-137) ukhupha ii-gamma photons ezincitshiswayo njengoko zidlula kulwelo lwenkqubo. I-detector ilinganisa ubungakanani bemitha edlula kumbhobho, kwaye uxinano luhambelana ngokuphambeneyo nolu fundo. Inzuzo ephambili yale teknoloji kukungakhuseleki kwayo ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko zokurhawuzelela, ukubola, kunye nokubola kwe-slurry, njengoko i-sensor ifakelwe ngaphandle kumbhobho. Ayifuni nokuba kufakwe imibhobho ye-bypass okanye ukudibana ngqo nolwelo lwenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, iigeyiji ze-gamma-ray ziza neendleko eziphezulu zobunini ngenxa yemigaqo yokhuseleko engqongqo, iimfuno zelayisenisi, kunye nesidingo sabasebenzi abakhethekileyo bokuphatha nokulahla. Ezi zinto zikhokelele abaqhubi bezityalo abaninzi ukuba bafune ngokukhutheleyo ezinye iindlela ezingezizo ezenyukliya.
Umlinganiselo weForoko/weResonator edlidlizayo
Le teknoloji isebenzisa ifolokhwe yokulungisa okanye i-resonator enomdla wokungcangcazela ngokwesandi sayo sendalo. Xa intywiliselwa kulwelo okanyeudaka, olu tshintsho lwemvamisa luyatshintsha, kunye noxinano oluphezulu olubangela imvamisa yokungcangcazela ephantsi. Uyilo oluqinileyo noluthe ngqo lwesensor luyenza ifaneleke ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo, ngexesha langempela kwimibhobho okanye kwiitanki. Ayinazo iindawo ezihambayo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukugcinwa. Nangona kunjalo, le teknoloji ayinazo iingxaki zayo. Ibuthathaka kwiibhamuza zegesi ezifakwe ngaphakathi, ezinokubangela iimpazamo ezinkulu zokulinganisa. Ikwasengozini yokugquma kunye nokungcola, njengoko iidiphozithi kwiitini zinokutshintsha imvamisa yesandi kwaye ziphazamise ukuchaneka. Ukufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo ngeetini ezithe nkqo kubalulekile ukunciphisa ezi ngxaki.
Umlinganiselo weCoriolis
I-Coriolis mass flowmeter sisixhobo esiguquguqukayo esinokulinganisa ukuhamba kobunzima ngaxeshanye, uxinano, kunye nobushushu ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu. Lo mgaqo usekelwe kumandla eCoriolis aveliswayo njengoko ulwelo luhamba ngetyhubhu engcangcazelayo. Uxinano lolwelo lumiselwa ngokujonga imvamisa yokungcangcazela kwetyhubhu, eyancipha njengoko uxinano lusanda. Le teknoloji ivele njengendlela ekhethwayo engeyiyo yenyukliya yezicelo ezinzima ezifana ne-WFGD. Isifundo esibalulekileyo sigxininisa ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwemitha yeCoriolis enoyilo lwetyhubhu enye ethe tye kunye netyhubhu yesensor yetitanium. Olu yilo luthile lujongana ngempumelelo nemiba yokukrala kunye nokuvaleka okuqhelekileyo kwi-slurries, ngelixa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nemveliso eguquguqukayo ezininzi zibonelela ngolawulo oluphezulu lwenkqubo. Ukutshintshela kwiteknoloji engeyiyo yenyukliya njengeemitha zeCoriolis kubonisa utshintsho olusisiseko ukusuka kurhwebo lwembali phakathi kokuthembeka kunye neendleko, okubonelela ngesisombululo esinye esomeleleyo, esichanekileyo, nesikhuselekileyo.
Ukukhethwa kwemitha yoxinano kwisicelo se-WFGD kufuna uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwamandla kunye nobuthathaka betekhnoloji nganye kumxholo weempawu ezithile ze-slurry.
Uthelekiso lweeTekhnoloji zoLinganiselo loBuxinano kwi-Intanethi ze-WFGD Slurries
| Ubuchwepheshe | Umgaqo Wokusebenza | Iingenelo eziphambili | Izinto Ezingalunganga Neengxaki Eziphambili | Ukufaneleka kunye namanqaku e-WFGD |
| Uxinzelelo Lokwahluka (DP) | Umahluko woxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic phakathi kwamanqaku amabini | Ixabiso lokuqala elivuthiweyo, eliphantsi, elilula | Ihlala ikwimeko yokuvaleka kwaye ingaziphumi, ifuna uqikelelo oluqhubekayo loxinano ukuze ifikelele kwinqanaba | Ngokubanzi ayifanelekanga kwi-slurry ze-WFGD ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuvaleka. Ifuna ukulungiswa okukhulu. |
| I-Gamma-Ray (iRadiometric) | Ukungadibani, kulinganisa ukuncitshiswa kwemitha | Ayikhuselekanga ekukrweleni, ekuboleni, nakwi-pH ebangela ukonakala; akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa imibhobho ye-bypass | Ixabiso eliphezulu lobunini, umthwalo omkhulu wolawulo/ukhuseleko | Yayisetyenziswa ngaphambili ngenxa yokungakhuseleki kwiimeko ezinzima. Iindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza zibangela ukuba abantu batshintshele kwezinye iindlela. |
| Ifolokhwe/iResonator eshukumayo | Isantya sokungcangcazela sihambelana ngokuphambeneyo noxinano | Ixesha langempela, ukufakwa ngokuthe ngqo, ukugcinwa okuphantsi | Ichaphazeleka ziimpazamo ezivela kwigesi/amaqamza afakwe ngaphakathi; isengozini yokungcoliswa kunye nokwaleka | Isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubungqingqwa be-lime slurry kunye ne-gypsum slurry. Ukufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuthintela ukuvaleka nokukhukuliseka. |
| ICoriolis | Ulinganisa amandla eCoriolis kwityhubhu engcangcazelayo | Iguquguqukayo (ubunzima, uxinano, ubushushu), ukuchaneka okuphezulu | Ixabiso lokuqala liphezulu kunezinye iimitha ezikwi-intanethi; zifuna uyilo oluthile lwe-abrasive media | Isebenza kakuhle kakhulu xa usebenzisa uyilo lwetyhubhu ethe tye kunye nezinto ezimelana nokurhawuzelelwa ezifana ne-titanium. Enye indlela esebenzayo engeyiyo eyenyukliya. |
| Iiteknoloji Ezisakhasayo | I-Accelerometer, i-Ultrasonic Spectroscopy | Ayisiyo-nyukliya, ayixhathisi kakhulu ekukrazuleni, ayilungiswa kakhulu | Ukwamkelwa okungaxhaphakanga kwemizi-mveliso; imida ethile yesicelo | Veza indlela ethembisayo, engabizi kakhulu, nekhuselekileyo yokusetyenziswa kodaka olunzima kakhulu. |
Izisombululo zoBunjineli zeNdalo enobutshaba
Ukukhethwa kwezinto njengoMgca wokuQala woKhuselo
Iimeko ezinzima zokusebenza ngaphakathiI-WFGDInkqubo ifuna impendulo yobunjineli esebenzayo. I-slurry ayirhabaxa nje kuphela kodwa inokuba ne-corrosive kakhulu, ingakumbi xa amanqanaba aphezulu e-chloride. Ngenxa yoko, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokumpompa, ii-valve, kunye neepayipi yindlela yokuqala neyona ibalulekileyo yokuzikhusela. Ukuphatha i-slurry recirculation ephezulu, ii-hard-metal okanye ii-rubber-lined pumps zezona zikhetho zilungileyo, njengoko ulwakhiwo lwazo oluqinileyo lunokumelana nokuguguleka okuqhubekayo okuvela kwizinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo. Ii-valve, ingakumbi ii-valve ezinkulu zesango lemela, kufuneka zichazwe ngezinto eziphuculweyo, ezifana nee-urethane liners ezinokutshintshwa kunye noyilo oluqinileyo lwe-scraper, ukuthintela ukwakheka kwe-media kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhlala ixesha elide. Kwimigca emincinci, ii-diaphragm valves ezinee-raber liners ezinkulu zibonelela ngesisombululo esithembekileyo nesinoqoqosho. Ngaphaya kwezi zinto, izitya zokufunxa ngokwazo zihlala zisebenzisa ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo okanye ii-linings ezimelana nokugqwala ukujongana nendawo enoburhalarhume, etyebileyo kwi-chloride.
Ukhuseleko lweSensor kunye noYilo oluLungileyo loFakelo
Ukusebenza kwayo nayiphi na i-sensor yoxinano lwe-intanethi kuxhomekeke ekubeni iyakwazi ukusinda kwaye isebenze kwindawo enobutshaba ye-WFGD. Ngenxa yoko, uyilo kunye nokufakwa kwe-sensor kubaluleke kakhulu. I-sensors zanamhlanje zisebenzisa iimpawu ezintsonkothileyo zokulwa nokukhula kunye nokukrala. Umzekelo, uyilo olulodwa lwetyhubhu ethe tye kwezinye iimitha zeCoriolis luthintela ukuvaleka ngokuba luzikhupha amanzi kwaye luphephe ukulahleka koxinzelelo. Iityhubhu ze-sensor zihlala zakhiwe ngezinto ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana ne-titanium ukumelana nokuguguleka. Ezinye iitekhnoloji ezintsha, ezifana nee-sensors ezithile ezingcangcazelayo, ziquka "ii-harmonics ezizicocayo" ezisebenzisa ukungcangcazela ukuthintela ukufakwa kwe-slurry kwi-probe, ukuqinisekisa ukufundwa okuqhubekayo nokuchanekileyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokucoca ngesandla.
Ukufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Kwimibhobho emikhulu enobubanzi (umz., 3-intshi nangaphezulu), kucetyiswa ukufakelwa kwe-T-Piece ukuqinisekisa isampuli emeleyo. I-sensor kufuneka ifakwe kwi-engile eyivumela ukuba izikhuphele amanzi. Ngaphezu koko, ukugcina isantya sokuhamba esifanelekileyo—siphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukugcina izinto eziqinileyo zixhonyiwe (umz., 3 m/s) kodwa zingabi phezulu kakhulu kangangokuba zibangele ukukhukuliseka okugqithisileyo (umz., ngaphezulu kwe-5 m/s)—kubalulekile ekuthembekeni kwexesha elide kunye nokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukunciphisa Ukuphazamiseka Kwemilinganiselo
Ngaphaya kokuguguleka koomatshini, imilinganiselo yoxinano inokuphazamiseka zizinto ezibonakalayo ezifana nokufakwa kwegesi. Amaqamza avela emoyeni we-oxidation, ongeniswa rhoqo kwinkqubo, anokufakwa kwi-slurry aze akhokelele ekufundweni okungachanekanga. Oku kuxhalabisa ngokukodwa ii-sensors ezingcangcazelayo, ezixhomekeke kubunzima bolwelo ukumisela uxinano. Isisombululo sobunjineli esilula kodwa esisebenzayo kukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-tines ze-sensor zijongise ngokuthe nkqo, zivumela igesi eqeqeshweyo ukuba inyuke kwaye iphume, ngaloo ndlela inciphise impembelelo yayo kumlinganiselo. Nangona ingumphumo othe ngqo wefiziksi, olu hlengahlengiso lulula lubonisa ukubaluleka kofakelo oluchanekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka kwezixhobo eziqinileyo.
Udibaniso oluPhambili kunye noLawulo lweNkqubo
Ukwakha iLoop yoLawulo
Ixabiso lokwenyani lokulinganisa uxinano lolwelo olukwi-intanethi luqatshelwa xa idatha yalo idityaniswe kwisakhiwo solawulo lwesityalo. Iimitha zoxinano zivelisa imiqondiso yokuphuma emiselweyo, efana ne-4-20 mA analog output okanye i-RS485 MODBUS communication, enokufakwa ngokungenamthungo kwiDistributed Control System (DCS) yesityalo okanye kwiProgrammable Logic Controller (PLC). Kwi-loop yokulawula esisiseko, isignali yoxinano isetyenziselwa ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo ulawulo loxinano lwe-slurry's solids. I-DCS ihlalutya idatha yoxinano lwexesha langempela kwaye ilungisa isantya sepompo ye-variable-frequency-drive okanye indawo yevalvu yokulawula ukugcina umlinganiselo we-solids oyifunayo. Oku kususa imfuneko yokungenelela ngesandla kwaye kuqinisekisa inkqubo ezinzileyo nehambelanayo.
Indlela Yokuguqulela Izinto Ezininzi
Nangona iluphu yokulawula uxinano oluzimeleyo iluncedo, amandla ayo aphindaphindwa xa iba yinxalenye yenkqubo yolawulo ebanzi, enokuguquguquka okuninzi. Kwinkqubo edibeneyo enjalo, idatha yoxinano inxulunyaniswa kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ezinye iiparameter ezibalulekileyo ukubonelela ngombono opheleleyo wenkqubo yokususa isulfurization. Umzekelo, ukulinganiswa koxinano kungasetyenziswa kunye neesensor ze-pH. Ukwehla ngequbuliso kwi-pH kunokubonisa imfuneko yelitye elingaphezulu, kodwa ukwehla ngaxeshanye koxinano kunokubonisa ingxaki ebanzi ngokutya kwelitye eliqingqiweyo okanye ingxaki yokukhupha amanzi efuna isenzo esahlukileyo sokulungisa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukunyuka koxinano ngaphandle kokwehla okufanayo kwi-pH kunokubonisa ingxaki ngokukhula kwe-oxidation ye-absorber okanye i-gypsum crystal, ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ukusebenza kokususwa kwe-SO₂ kuchaphazeleke.
Ngaphezu koko, ukudibanisa uxinano nomlinganiselo wokuhamba kuvumela ukubalwa kokuhamba kobunzima, okubonelela ngomfanekiso ochanekileyo wokulinganisela kwezinto kunye nesantya sokutya kunokuhamba komthamo kuphela. Inqanaba eliphezulu lokudibanisa lidibanisa idatha yoxinano kunye nokuhamba kombane kwiiparameter eziphezulu nezisezantsi, ezifana nokungena kombane.SO₂Uxinzelelo kunye ne-Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP), okuvumela icebo lolawulo elilungisiweyo ngokwenene eligcina i-highSO₂ukusebenza kakuhle kokususa ngelixa kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ukulungiswa Okuqhutywa Yidatha kunye Nokugcinwa Okuxeliweyo
Ikamva leI-WFGDulawulo lwenkqubo luhamba ngaphaya kweendlela zendabuko zokuphendula. Ukusasazwa okuqhubekayo kwedatha esemgangathweni ophezulu evela kwiimitha zoxinano lwe-intanethi kunye nezinye izinzwa kubonelela ngesiseko sezakhelo eziqhutywa yidatha ezisebenzisa ukufunda koomatshini kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Ezi modeli ziphambili zinokutya inani elikhulu ledatha yembali neyexesha langempela ukuchonga iiparameter zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokuguquguquka kwezixhobo zamalahle okanye imithwalo eyahlukeneyo yeeyunithi.
Le ndlela iphucukileyo imele utshintsho olusisiseko kwifilosofi yokusebenza. Endaweni yokusabela nje kwii-alamu ezibonisa ukuba iparameter ayihambelani noluhlu olumiselweyo, ezi nkqubo zinokuqikelela ukuqala kwengxaki kwaye zilungise iiparameter ngokukhawuleza ukuze ziyithintele. Injongo ephambili yale modeli kukulungiselela iinjongo ezininzi, ngamanye amaxesha eziphikisanayo, ngaxeshanye, njengokunciphisainkqubo yokususa i-sulfurizationiindleko kunye nokunciphisaSO₂ukukhutshwa komoya. Ngokuhlalutya rhoqo "iminwe" yedatha yokusebenza yesityalo, kuquka ubuninzi, ezi nkqubo zinokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuzinza nokusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho.
Idatha kunye nohlalutyo oluvezwe kule ngxelo lubonisa ukuba ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo uxinano lolwelo kwi-intanethi akuyonto yokongeza kodwa sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokufezekisa ukugqwesa kokusebenza kwiinkqubo zeWet Flue Gas Desulfurization.
