Ukulinganiswa kobuninzi bebhiya kwinkqubo yokwenza ubhiya kwimizi-mveliso
Iinkqubo yokwenza ubhiya kwimizi-mvelisoiguqukele ekubeni bubugcisa obugxile kwisithethe ukuya kwisayensi ephucukileyo neqhutywa yidatha. Intliziyo yolu tshintsho kukulinganiswa koxinano, i-metric eyodwa esebenza njengolwimi oluqhelekileyo lokulinganisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo oluvela kwiinkozo ukuya kwiglasi.
Umlinganiselo woxinano olusemgceniIbonelela ngeyona parameter ibalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho kuzo zonke izigaba. Izisombululo ze-B2B zoshishino ezizenzekelayo, ezibeka phambili ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, ukusasazwa ngokukhawuleza, ukuhambelana okuphezulu, kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci, zibekwe ngendlela ekhethekileyo yokujongana nemingeni yendalo yokwenziwa kwebhiya, efanaubushushu obuphezulu, ukudumba, amaqamza e-CO2, kunye notshintsho oluncinci.
Ubhiya BanamhlanjeIpharadigm
Iinkqubo yokwenza ubhiyangumsebenzi obuthathaka, onezigaba ezininzi ze-biochemical kunye nobunjineli, kodwa ukugcina ukuhambelana kuhlala kungumngeni oqhubekayo kwiifektri zorhwebo. Izithako ezine ezisisiseko—iinkozo, amanzi, iihops, kunye negwele—ziguqulwa ngothotho lweempendulo ezintsonkothileyo, nganye inefuthe elikhulu kwincasa, ivumba, kunye nomzimba wemveliso yokugqibela. Isitshixo sokujongana nale ngxaki sikwilawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo, kwaye akukho tshintsho lunye lubonisa inkqubela phambili kunye nomgangatho webhiya ngaphezu kobuninzi bayo.
Uxinano luvavanyo oluthe ngqo loxinano lwezinto eziqinileyo ezinyibilikisiweyo, ingakumbi iiswekile, ngaphakathi kolwelo. Le ngxelo ijolise ekuvaleni umsantsa phakathi kobuchule bokwenza ubhiya bendabuko kunye nezixhobo zanamhlanje, ibonisa indlela ezenzekelayo enobuchule enokuguqula ngayo inqanawa endala ibe ngumsebenzi ophindaphindwayo kakhulu, osebenzayo kwezorhwebo. Ngokubeka uxinano njengesalathisi esibalulekileyo sokusebenza (i-KPI), iifektri zenza ubhiya zinokudlula kwiindlela zendabuko, ezingaqhubekiyo kwaye zamkele indlela entsha yolawulo olusebenzayo, oluqhutywa yidatha.
Isishwankathelo esineenkcukacha ngenyathelo ngenyathelo seNkqubo yokuBilisa uBhiya
Iinkqubo yokwenza ubhiya kurhweboingahlulwahlulwa ibe luluhlu lwamanqanaba abalulekileyo, ngalinye lakhela phezu kwelokugqibela ukuze lenze imveliso yokugqibela enomgangatho ohambelanayo kunye nomlinganiswa.
Ukusila nokuMasha
Iinkqubo yokwenza ubhiyaIqala ngokulungiselela iinkozo ezicoliweyo, eziqala zigaywe ukuze zivule amaxolo kwaye ziveze istatshi ngaphakathi kwi-kernel. Oku kulandelwa kukugaywa, apho i-grain egayiweyo, okanye "i-grist," ixutywa namanzi ashushu (aziwa ngokuba yi-liquor) kwisitya esikhulu esibizwa ngokuba yi-mash tun.10 Ukugaywa kukuguqulwa kwe-enzyme yestatshi zibe ziishukela ezivundiswayo, inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-saccharification. Ubushushu be-mash yindawo ebalulekileyo yokulawula, ehlala igcinwa phakathi kwama-60–70°C (140–158°F). Olu luhlu lobushushu lulawula iprofayili yokugqibela yeswekilei-wort, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo incasa, umzimba, kunye nemvakalelo yomlomo webhiya egqityiweyo. Umahluko omncinci kubushushu bokucola unokuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo, elingacwangciswanga kwimveliso yokugqibela, nto leyo egxininisa imfuneko yokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela.
Ukuxovula nokuchitha imali
Emva kokucola, ulwelo oluneswekile, okanyei-wort, kufuneka yahlulwe kwiinkozo ezichithwe kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-lautering. Eli linyathelo elithatha ixesha, elidla ngokwenziwa kwi-lauter tun okanye kwi-mash filter. Ubushushu be-mash bunokwenyuswa bube yi-75–78°C (167–172°F), inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-mashout, yokuvala ii-enzymes nokunciphisa i-viscosity ye-wort, nto leyo eyenza kube lula inkqubo yokwahlula. Amanzi ashushu ongezelelweyo, okanye amanzi ashushu, adla ngokufafazwa phezu kwebhedi yengqolowa ukuze kuhlanjululwe nayiphi na iswekile eseleyo.
Ukubilisa kunye nokuPholisa
I-wort eqokelelweyo emva koko idluliselwa kwi-kettle ye-brew, okanye "i-copper," apho ivuthwa ngamandla, inqanaba elihlala imizuzu engama-60 ukuya kwe-120. Eli nqanaba libaluleke kakhulu ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo: libulala iintsholongwane kwi-wort, lenze iiproteni ezinokubangela inkungu, kwaye, okubaluleke kakhulu, lisusa ii-alpha acids ezivela kwi-hops, nto leyo ebangela ubukrakra. Ixesha lokongeza i-hop ngexesha lokuvuthwa lichaza ubukrakra bebhiya, incasa, kunye nevumba layo. Ukuvuthwa kukwalithuba lokugqibela lokusetaumxhuzulane wokuqala (OG), njengoko igxininisa i-wort ngokuyikhupha emanzini. Emva kokubila, i-wort ipholiswa ngokukhawuleza nge-heat exchanger ukuya kubushushu obufanelekileyo bokuvubela, inyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuthintela ungcoliseko oluvela kwi-yeast yasendle okanye kwiibhaktheriya.
Ukubilisa, Ukuvuthwa kunye nokuLungisa
I-wort epholileyo idluliselwa kwisitya sokubilisa, apho igwele "liphoswa" okanye longezwa khona. Le yintliziyo yendalo ye-inkqubo yokwenza ubhiya, apho igwele litya iiswekile ezinokubila kwi-wort, livelise utywala kunye ne-carbon dioxide (CO2). Lo msebenzi we-metabolic ubangela utshintsho olukhulu nolulinganisekayo kubuninzi bolwelo. Emva kokubila kokuqala, ibhiya idlula kwixesha lokuvuthwa okanye ukulungiswa, okuvumela iincasa ukuba ziphuhle kwaye ulwelo lucace ngaphambi kokuhluzwa kunye nokupakishwa.
Ngaba unemibuzo malunga nokwenza ngcono iinkqubo zemveliso?
Indima Ebalulekileyo Yokulinganisa Uxinano
Uxinano lusebenza njengenguqu ebalulekileyo kunye nesalathisi esibalulekileyo sokusebenza (i-KPI) kulo lonkeinkqubo yokwenza ubhiyaLulwimi olusetyenziswa jikelele ukulandelela nokulawula ukuguqulwa kwezithako eziluhlaza zibe yimveliso egqityiweyo.
Ukuchaza uxinano kunye neeMetriki ezinxulumene noko
Kwi-bilting, uxinano ludla ngokubonakaliswa ngokwe-Specific Gravity (SG), Plato (°P), okanye Brix (°Bx). Amanzi acocekileyo anobunzima obuthile be-1.000. Iiswekile kunye nezinye izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo ezivela kwi-mash zonyusa uxinano lwe-wort, nto leyo eyinika ukufundwa okuphezulu kwe-SG, ngesiqhelo kuluhlu lwe-1.030 ukuya kwi-1.070. Ngexesha lokubilisa, njengoko i-yeast iguqula ezi swekile zibe yi-alcohol kunye ne-CO2, uxinano luyancipha kuba utywala abuxinene kangako kuneswekile. Olu nciphiso loxinano lulandelwa ngononophelo ukuze kujongwe inkqubela yokubilisa.
Ixabiso lokulinganisa uxinano ludlulela ngaphaya kokulandelela nje okulula. Lusisiseko sokubala ezimbini zezona parameter zibalulekileyo ekuphekeni:
Umxhuzulane Woqobo (OG):Ukufundwa kobuninzi obuthathwa ngaphambi kokuba igwele lifakwe. I-OG yindlela yokulinganisa iswekile evundisiweyo iyonke kwaye yiparameter esisiseko yoyilo lweresiphi kunye nolawulo lomgangatho.
Ubunzima bokugqibela (FG):Ukufundwa koxinano oluzinzileyo oluthathwa emva kokubiliswa kugqityiwe. I-FG ibonisa ubungakanani beeshukela eziseleyo, ezingavuthwanga kwibhiya.
Ukubalwa kotywala ngokomthamo (ABV):Umahluko ochanekileyo phakathi kwe-OG kunye ne-FG usetyenziselwa ukubala ngokuchanekileyo umxholo wokugqibela wotywala kwibhiya. Oku kubalulekile ekubhalweni kweelebhile, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye nokugcina ukuhambelana kwemveliso kuzo zonke iibhetshi.
Ukuguquka koMlinganiselo: Ukusuka kwiReactive ukuya kwiProactive
Utshintsho ukusuka ekulinganiseni ngesandla, okuhlukeneyo ukuya ekulinganiseni okuqhubekayo, okuzenzakalelayo lubonisa utshintsho olusisiseko kulawulo lokwenziwa kwebhiya. Iindlela zemveli, ezifana nokusebenzisa iglasii-hydrometerokanye i-refractometer, zithatha ixesha kwaye zifuna umsebenzi omninzi. Isampulu nganye ifuna umntu oqeqeshiweyo ukuba akhuphe ulwelo etankini ngokwasemzimbeni, inkqubo enokubeka emngciphekweni wokungcolisa ibhetshi. Ngaphezu koko, ezi ndlela zibonelela kuphela ngesithombe esingashukumiyo ngexesha, zishiya amaxesha abalulekileyo phakathi kokulinganisa engajongwanga.
Izinzwa ezizenzekelayo nezikwi-intanethi zibonelela ngomjelo wedatha oqhubekayo, zidala "uphawu lweminwe" oluphezulu lwenkqubo yonke. Olu hlolo oluqhubekayo luvumela uhlengahlengiso lwexesha langempela kunye nokuchongwa kwangoko kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga, ukuthintela ukusilela kwebhetshi ebizayo ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Olu buchule luhambisa umenzi webhiya kwimo yokusabela, apho iingxaki zifunyanwa emva koko, ziye kwimo yokusabela, apho zinokuthintelwa khona. Umzekelo, ngokujonga isantya sotshintsho loxinano ngexesha lokubilisa, umenzi webhiya unokufumanisa "ukubila okunamatheleyo" aze angenelele ngoko nangoko, eqinisekisa ukuba ibhetshi ayonakaliswa.
Uhlalutyo loLinganiso loBuninzi kunye nemingeni
Iimfuno zobugcisa zokulinganisa uxinano zahluka kakhulu kwinqanaba ngalinye leinkqubo yokwenza ubhiyaIsisombululo sesixhobo esifanela zonke izinto asisebenzi, njengoko imeko-bume nganye inemingeni eyahlukileyo ekufuneka yoyiswe ukuze kuqokelelwe idatha ngokuchanekileyo nangokuthembekileyo.
Ukucola kunye nokuLauter
Ngexesha lokucola, ukulinganiswa koxinano kujonga ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwe-enzyme kunye nesivuno sipheleleyo se-extract esivela kwiinkozo. Imingeni ephambili kweli nqanaba yileubushushu obuphezulu(ukuya kuthi ga kwi-78°C) kunye nobukho beukudumbakunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo. Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezifana nee-hydrometer, ezilungelelaniswe kubushushu obuthile, obuphantsi kakhulu, ziya kuvelisa ukufundwa okungachanekanga kule ndawo ishushu. Amasuntswana eenkozo ezixhonyiweyo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo nazo zinokuphazamisa ukufundwa kwaye zonakalise nezixhobo ezinobuthathaka.
Ukubilisa
Ukulinganisa uxinano ngexesha lokubilisa kusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ubunzima ngaphambi kokubilisa kunye nokulungisa umthamo wewort ukuze ifikelele kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo.Ubunzima boMbane bokuqalaEli nqanaba lizisa umngeni wobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kunye nokuba khona komphunga obilayo, okunokuchaphazela ngakumbi ukusebenza kwesensor kunye nokuqina kwayo.
Ukubilisa
Eli lelona nqanaba libalulekileyo lokujonga uxinano. Lisetyenziselwa ukulandelela ukuguqulwa kweswekile, ukujonga impilo yemvubelo, kunye nokuchonga ixesha elichanekileyo lokuvutshelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ikwayindawo enzima kakhulu yokulinganisa. Umsebenzi onamandla wemvubelo uvelisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu lweAmaqamza e-CO2, nto leyo enokuphazamisana kakhulu nokufundwa kwe-sensor kwaye ikhokelele kwidatha engachanekanga. Ngaphezu koko, ukuxinana kwe-yeast kunye notshintsho olukhawulezayo kuxinano kufuna isixhobo esinesantya esiphezulu sokuphendula kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nendawo eguquguqukayo, etyebileyo yamasuntswana.
Ukuvuthwa kunye nokuhluza
Emva kokubilisa, ubuninzi bebhiya kufuneka buqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa ukubaUbunzima bokugqibela (FG)Kufezekisiwe injongo. Ngexesha lokuvuthwa kunye nesigaba sokugqibela sokupakisha, ukungeniswa kwe-CO2 kwi-carbonation kwenza kube nzima ukulinganisa uxinano njengoko kutshintsha iimpawu zomzimba zolwelo. Eli nqanaba lifuna izixhobo ezichanekileyo kakhulu ezikwaziyo ukubona utshintsho oluncinci loxinano kwaye ziluhlukanise kwimiphumo ye-CO2 enyibilikisiweyo.
Imingeni ekhoyo kwinqanaba ngalinye lokwenziwa kwebhiya igxininisa imfuneko yetekhnoloji ye-sensor eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukujongana neemeko zayo zenkqubo ezizodwa. Isixhobo esisebenza kakuhle kwindawo ecacileyo, ebandayo yetanki ekhanyayo sisenokungathembeki ngokupheleleyo kwindawo eshushu, ephithizelayo, nenamafu ye-mash tun. Oku kudala imfuneko ecacileyo yemarike yezixhobo eziqinileyo nezithembekileyo kakhulu ezenzelwe le mingeni ithile engqondweni.
Funda Ngakumbi ngeeMetha zoBuxinano
Iimitha zeNkqubo ezingakumbi kwi-Intanethi
Uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo lweeTekhnoloji zeSensor yoXinzelelo
Ukukhethwa kweimitha yoxinano lwefektri yotywalasisigqibo esicwangcisiweyo esixhomekeke kubungakanani obuthile bomzi-mveliso webhiya, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali, kunye nemingeni yenkqubo. Ukuqonda okuneenkcukacha ngetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ukhetho olunolwazi.
Iindlela Zemveli
Izixhobo zemveli ezixhaphakileyo zezii-hydrometerkunye ne-refractometer. Ezi azibizi kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa kwimisebenzi emincinci. Nangona kunjalo, zinqongophele kakhulu kwimeko yorhwebo. Zifuna isampuli ngesandla, ngaphandle kwe-intanethi, nto leyo ethatha ixesha kwaye inokwenza iimpazamo ebantwini. Ngaphezu koko, azifanelekanga ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo, okusemgceni, kunyei-hydrometerilungiselelwe ubushushu obuthile, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingafaneleki ukusetyenziswa kwi-hot wort.
Izinzwa zanamhlanje ezikwi-line
Izinzwa zanamhlanje ezikwi-intanethi zibonelela ngophuculo olubalulekileyo, zibonelela ngedatha eqhubekayo, yexesha langempela ngqo ukusuka kumjelo wenkqubo.
Iimitha zoxinano lwefolokhwe ezingcangcazelayo
Le teknoloji isebenzisa i-resonator enama-prong amabini engcangcazela kwi-frequency ethile ye-resonant. Njengoko ubuninzi bolwelo olujikelezileyo butshintsha, butshintsha umthwalo wobunzima kwii-prongs, nto leyo etshintsha i-frequency ye-vibration. I-meter emva koko idibanisa olu tshintsho lwe-frequency nexabiso le-density. Ii-vibrating fork meter zihlala ziqinile, azinazo iindawo ezihambayo, kwaye zibiza kancinci kunezinye iiteknoloji eziphambili. Nangona kunjalo, zinokuba novelwano kwi-entrainedAmaqamza e-CO2, nto leyo enokuphazamisa ukungcangcazela kwaye ikhokelele ekufundweni okungachanekanga.
Iimitha zokuhamba kobunzima beCoriolis
Ezi mitha zisebenzisa i-Coriolis effect ukulinganisa ukuhamba kobunzima bokwenyani kunye noxinano. Ityhubhu yokungcangcazela isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuba ulwelo lujika kangakanani ityhubhu njengoko luhamba. Ubuninzi bokungcangcazela bunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo noxinano lolwelo. Iimitha zeCoriolis zichaneke kakhulu kwaye zibonelela ngomlinganiselo oguquguqukayo kabini (ukuhamba kobunzima kunye noxinano) ngaxeshanye. Zithembekile kakhulu kwaye azichaphazeleki kakhulu ngamaqamza. Ingxaki yazo ephambili yindleko yazo ephezulu kwangaphambili, enokuba nzima kakhulu kwimisebenzi emincinci.
Iimitha zoxinano lwe-Ultrasonic
Le teknoloji imisela uxinano ngokulinganisa isantya sesandi kulwelo. Isantya sesandi kwisixhobo esiphakathi sixhomekeke kuxinano kunye nobushushu baso. Iimitha ze-Ultrasonic, ezifana neImitha yoxinano lwebhiya yaseLonnmeter, zinezibonelelo ezikhethekileyo ezenza zilungele ngokukodwa ukwenziwa kwebhiya. Azinazo iinyukliya, azinazo iindawo ezihambayo, kwaye azichaphazeleki kukuqhuba kombane kolwelo, umbala, okanye ukucaca kwalo. Le yinzuzo ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwebhiya, apho i-wort inokuba mnyama kwaye ibe namafu. Itekhnoloji ye-high-frequency esetyenziswa yiILonnmeter alcohumdalai-ensimnai-terye-bi-eer ngokukodwa iphucula ukuthembeka kokulinganisa, nokuba kulwelo olunezinga eliphezulu lamaqamza omoya, umngeni ophambili ngexesha lokubilisa.
Itheyibhile 1: Uhlalutyo oluQhathaniswayo lweeTekhnoloji zeSensor yoXinzelelo
| Ubuchwepheshe | Umgaqo | Ixabiso (Elilinganiselweyo) | Ukuchaneka | Ukufaneleka kwamaqamza/ukudumba | Isicelo esiBalaseleyo |
| I-Hydrometer | Ukuzibhokoxa | Isezantsi kakhulu | Iphantsi | Imbi (amaqamza, amasuntswana) | Ubhiya Obuncinci/Obusemakhaya |
| Ifolokhwe eshukumayo | Ubuninzi beResonant | Phakathi | Phezulu | Ilungile (ingachaphazeleka ngamaqamza) | Ulawulo lweNkqubo Jikelele |
| Imitha yeCoriolis | Isiphumo seCoriolis | Phezulu kakhulu | Igqwesile | Igqwesile | Iinkqubo Ezichaneke Kakhulu/Ezibalulekileyo |
| Imitha ye-Ultrasonic | Isantya sesandi | Ephantsi ukuya kwePhakathi | Phezulu | Igqwesile (ayichaphazeleki ngamaqamza, umbala, ukudumba) | Zonke iiNqanaba zokuBilisa, ingakumbi ukuBilisa |
Iitekhnoloji ezifana neImitha yoxinano lwebhiya yaseLonnmeter, ezisebenzisa imigaqo ye-ultrasonic eqinileyo nethembekileyo, zilungele ngokukodwa ukoyisa imingeni eyahlukileyo yendawo yokupheka, ukusuka kubushushu obuphezulu be-mash ukuya kumxholo ophezulu we-CO2 wokubilisa.
Kwimizi-mveliso yotywala kunye nabadibanisi, isindululo esicwangcisiweyo kukubeka phambili ukwamkelwa komlinganiselo woxinano oluqhubekayo noluhambelanayo. Utyalo-mali lokuqala kwishishini eliphambiliimitha yoxinano lwebhiyaikhawuleziswa ngokukhawuleza ziingenelo ezibonakalayo zokuncipha kwabasebenzi, ukuqina kwemveliso okuphuculweyo, ukulahleka kwebhetshi okuncitshisiweyo, kunye nokulandeleka komgangatho opheleleyo. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokukhusela ukuthembeka kotywala ngalunye kodwa ikwabonelela ngedatha esisiseko efunekayo ekuphuculeni inkqubo eqhubekayo. Ikamva lotywala aluyomfihlakalo; yinkqubo eqhutywa yidatha, elawulwa ngononophelo ukusuka kwi-malt ukuya kwimveliso egqityiweyo. Fumana enye kwaye uyizame ngoku.
