Tlhahisong ea emulsion, taolo ea boleng e khetholla ka ho toba ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa, nako ea ho boloka, le khotsofalo ea bareki. E 'ngoe ea liparamente tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ts'ebetsong ena keviscosity ea emulsion; esita le diphetoho tse nyane tsa viscosity di ka lebisa mathateng a kang karohano ya mekhahlelo, sebopeho se sa tsitsang, kapa ditlhoko tsa tshebediso ya ho qetela tse hlolehileng.
Tharollo ena e shebane le mokhoa oa holi-viscometer tsa emulsion tse ka hareho sebetsana le liphephetso nakong eohle ea taolo ea ts'ebetso, ho netefatsa hore ho na le ts'ebetso e tsitsitsengviscosity ea emulsiontlhahisong e tsoelang pele le ho fetola taolo ea boleng bo arabelang hore e be tsamaiso ea ts'ebetso e sebetsang.
Li-Emulsion ke Eng?
Emulsion ke motsoako o fapaneng oa metsi a mabeli a sa tsoakoang (mohlala, oli le metsi), moo mokelikeli o mong (mokhahlelo o hasaneng) o robehang marotholi a manyane mme o leketlile ho o mong (mokhahlelo o tsoelang pele). Ho tsitsa hona ha motsoako ona ho itshetlehile ka di-emulsifier—dintho tse fokotsang kgatello ya bokahodimo pakeng tsa mekhahlelo e mmedi le ho thibela ho kopana ha marotholi.
Litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa tsa emulsions tse amanang ka kotloloho leviscosity ea emulsionkenyeletsa:
- Sebopeho sa mekhahlelo: Karolelano ea karolo e qhalakantsoeng ho ea ho e tsoelang pele e ama ka kotloloho viscosity (mohlala, tekanyo e phahameng ea oli ho emulsion ea oli le metsi ea eketsehaviscosity ea emulsion ea metsi a oli).
- Boholo ba lerotholi: Marotholi a manyane a baka khohlano e eketsehileng pakeng tsa mekhahlelo, e leng se lebisang ho viscosity e phahameng; marotholi a maholo, a kopaneng a fokotsa viscosity le ho se tsitse ha lets'oao.
- Mofuta oa Emulsifier le mahloriso: Li-emulsifier tse fapaneng (mohlala, li-surfactant, li-polymers) li fetola lera la interfacial ho potoloha marotholi, e leng se fetolang litšobotsi tsa phallo ea emulsion (ka hona le viscosity ea eona).
Mefuta ea Emulsions
Kutloisisomefuta ea emulsionho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho khetha se nepahetsengviscometer ea emulsion, kaha mofuta o mong le o mong o na le mekhoa e ikhethang ea ho teteana le litlhoko tsa tlhahiso. Lihlopha tse tloaelehileng haholo li kenyelletsa:
Ka Sebopeho sa Mokhahlelo
- Li-Emulsion tsa Oli-ka-Metsing (O/W): Mokhahlelo o tswelang pele ke metsi, mme mokhahlelo o hasantsweng ke oli (mohlala, lebese, di-moisturizer tsa sefahleho). Di-emulsion tsena hangata di na le tse tlaseviscosity ea emulsion ea metsi a oliha ho bapisoa le mefuta ea W/O, kaha metsi ha a na viscous ho feta oli tse ngata.
- Li-Emulsion tsa Metsi ka Oli (Tse sa Lefelloeng): Mokhahlelo o tswelang pele ke oli, mme mokhahlelo o hasantsweng ke metsi (mohlala, botoro, oli ya enjene).viscosity ea emulsionhangata e phahame ka lebaka la karolo e teteaneng ea oli e tsoelang pele.
- Li-Emulsion tse ngata: Metswako e rarahaneng e kang oli-ka-metsing-ka-oil (O/W/O) kapa metsi-ka-oil-ka-oil-ka-oil (W/O/W) (mohlala, meriana e ntshang e laolwang). Tsena di na le diprofaele tse nang le dikarolwana tse ngata tse hlokang tlhokomelo e nepahetseng, ya nako ya sebele ho qoba ho senyeha ha mokgahlelo.
- Macroemulsions: Boholo ba marothodi bo tloha ho 0.1–10 μm; ha a bonahale hantle mme a na le viscosity e tsitsitseng haeba a entsoe hantle.
- Li-microemulsionBoholo ba marotholi < 0.1 μm; a bonaletsa 'me a na le marotholi a tlaaseemulsion ea viscosityka lebaka la tšebelisano e fokolang ea marotholi.
- Li-nanoemulsion: Boholo ba marotholi a 10–100 nm; a leka-lekanya botsitso le ho teteana, e leng se etsang hore a tloaelehe litlolong le meriana tse sebetsang hantle.
Ka Boholo ba Lerotholi
Mekhoa ea ho Sebelisa Emulsion - Li-Emulsion li Etsoa Joang?
Tlhahiso ea emulsion ke ts'ebetso ea mehato e mengata moo mohato ka mong o susumetsang oa ho qetelaviscosity ea emulsion; ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng e ka etsahala feela ka karabelo ea viscosity ea nako ea sebele. Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ts'ebetso o kenyelletsa:
Ho lokisa pele
- Tokisetso ea Lisebelisoa tse Tala: Lekanya le ho futhumatsa oli, metsi le di-emulsifier ho fihlela mochesong o rerilweng (hangata 50–80°C) ho fokotsa ho teteana le ho ntlafatsa ho kopana ha dithempereichara. Diphetoho tsa mocheso mona di ka baka diphetoho tsa pele tsa ho teteana, kahoo ho kopanyaemulsion ea viscosityMochine o nang le sensor ea mocheso o bohlokoa haholo.
- Ho fokotseha ha maikutlo: Tlosa lipululana tsa moea linthong tse tala, kaha moea o qabeletsoeng o theola ho teteana ha oona 'me o lebisa ho lipalo tse sa nepahalang (kahoo taolo ea boleng e fokolang).
Emulsification (Sethaleng sa Motheo)
Mohato ona o arola karolo e hasaneng hore e be marotholi a manyane mme o e kopanya le karolo e tswelang pele—e leng sekgahla sa mantlha sa ho qetelaviscosity ea emulsion ea metsi a oli:
- Ho Kopanya Sekere sa Lebelo le Phahameng: E sebedisa di-rotor-stator mixers ho hlahisa shear e matla; sekgahla se phahameng sa shear se fokotsa boholo ba marothodi mme se eketsa viscosity (ho fihlela ntlheng, mme ka mora moo shear e eketsehileng e ba le phello e fokolang).
- Homogenization: E sebelisa li-homogenizer tse nang le khatello e phahameng (10–100 MPa) ho etsa marotholi a tšoanang; mohato ona o tloaelehile lebeseng le meriana, moo ho leng teng kamehla.viscosity ea emulsionha e buisane.
- Emulsification ea Ultrasonic: E sebedisa maqhubu a modumo ho roba marothodi; e loketse haholo bakeng sa nanoemulsions, moo taolo e nepahetseng ya viscosity e thibelang ho kopana ha marothodi.
- Ho pholisa: Fokotsa mocheso oa emulsion ho ea mochesong oa kamore kapa oa polokelo; viscosity hangata ea eketseha ha emulsion e ntse e bata, kahoo tlhokomelo e ka hare ho mola e etsa bonnete ba hore e lula ka har'a tekanyetso e boletsoeng.
- Ho Kenyelletsoa ha Tlatsetso: Eketsa di-preservative, dinkgisamonate, kapa metswako e sebetsang; tsena di ka fetola viscosity (mohlala, di-thickeners di a eketsehaemulsion ea viscosity), e hlokang diphetoho hang-hang.
- Sefe: Tlosa dikarolwana tse kgolo kapa marothodi a sa monyelang; ho theoha ha viscosity ka tshohanyetso mona ho ka bontsha ho kwala ha sefa kapa karohano ya mokgahlelo.
Kamora ho Sebetsa
Metheo ea botsitso ba emulsion
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Liphephetso ho Emulsions e Tsoelang Pele ho Fumana Viscosity
Bakeng sa baenjiniere ba lits'ebetso le litsebi tsa tekheniki, e tsoelang peleviscosity ea emulsionTlhokomelo e tobane le litšitiso tse ikhethang tseo lisebelisoa tsa setso (mohlala, li-viscometer tse sa sebelisoeng, li-capillary tube tsa khalase) li ke keng tsa li hlōla. Liphephetso tsena li kenyelletsa:
- Nako ea ho Lag ka Teko ea OfflineMekhoa e sa sebelisoeng inthaneteng e hloka ho nka sampole, ho tsamaisa le ho sekaseka disampole—mokhoa o nkang metsotso e 15-60. Tlhahisong e tsoelang pele, ho lieha hona ho bolela hore mathata a ho teteana a fumanoa morao haholo ho boloka lihlopha tsohle, e leng se lebisang tšenyo e turang.
- Mohlala oa ho sotha: Ha ho nkuwa disampole ho tsoa moleng oa tlhahiso,viscosity ea emulsion ea metsi a olidiphetoho tse bakwang ke tahlehelo ya mocheso, phokotso ya sekgahla sa ho kgaola, kapa ho kopana ha marothodi. Ka hona, ho balwa ha laboratori ha ho bontshe viscosity ya nnete e moleng, e leng se lebisang diphetohong tse fosahetseng tsa tshebetso.
- Maemo a Matla a Tlhahiso: Tlhahiso ea emulsion hangata e kenyelletsa mocheso o phahameng (< 450°C, ho latela litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa indasteri), khatello e phahameng (> 10 MPa maemong a mang), le metsoako e senyang (mohlala, mekhahlelo ea metsi a nang le asiti). Li-sensor tsa setso li hlōleha kapele mona, kaha ha li na tšireletso e matla kapa ho lumellana ha thepa.
- Boitšoaro ba Mokelikeli o seng oa Newtonian: Bongata ba li-emulsion ha se tsa Newtonian— tsa tsonaemulsion ea viscosityLiphetoho tse nang le sekhahla sa ho kuta (mohlala, li-emulsion tse fokotsang ho kuta lia fokola ha ho kuta ho ntse ho eketseha). Li-viscometer tse sa sebetseng li leka ka sekhahla se tsitsitseng sa ho kuta, kahoo li ke ke tsa hapa liphetoho tse matla tsa viscosity tse etsahalang lipompong, li-mixer, kapa liphaepheng.
- Tlhokomelo le ho Silafatsa Sensor: Li-emulsion li ka siea masalla holim'a libaka tsa sensor, haholo-holo haeba li na le lintho tse tiileng (mohlala, litlolo tse tletseng likaroloana). Ho silafatsa hona ho sitisa ho baloa ha nako e ntse e ea, 'me li-sensor tse hlokang ho qhaqhoa khafetsa bakeng sa ho hloekisa li sitisa tlhahiso.
Lonnmeter Vibrational Viscometer – Tharollo e ka Hare bakeng sa Emulsion Viscosity
Ho rarolla mathata a boletsoeng ka holimo,Viscometer ea ts'ebetso ea Lonnmeter e tsamaeang molenge etselitsoe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa ho tsoela peleviscosity ea emulsiontlhokomelo. Ke khetho e ka sehloohong bakeng sa bahlahisi ba emulsion hobane e kopanya ts'ebetso e matla, ho ikamahanya le maemo ho ikgethang ka emulsion, le bokgoni ba taolo ya nako ya nnete—bo bohlokwa bakeng sa dihlopha tsa tsamaiso ya tlhahiso tse shebaneng le dintlafatso tse ka lekanngwang.
Liparamithara tsa Bohlokoa (Li Lokiselitsoe Tlhahiso ea Emulsion)
Litlhaloso tsa Lonnmeter li rarolla mathata a ho lekola viscosity ea emulsion ka kotloloho, li netefatsa ho nepahala le ts'epo maemong a thata kapa a fetohang:
| Paramethara | Tlhaloso | Lebaka Leo e Leng la Bohlokoa Bakeng sa Emulsions |
| Sebaka sa ho thothomela | 1 – 1,000,000 cP | E akaretsa tsohlemefuta ea emulsion(ho tloha ho di-microemulsion tse nang le viscosity e tlase ho ya ho di-cream tse nang le viscosity e phahameng). |
| Ho nepahala | ±3.0% | E netefatsaviscosity ea emulsione dula kahare ho di-specs tsa boleng bo tiileng (mohlala, ±5% bakeng sa di-emulsion tsa meriana). |
| Ho Pheta-pheta | ± 1% | E felisa lipalo tse sa tsitsang tse bakoang ke ho feto-fetoha ha marotholi a emulsion. |
| Khanyetso ea Mocheso | < 450°C | E mamella mehato ea ho kopanya emulsification mochesong o phahameng (mohlala, tlhahiso ea mafura a indasteri). |
| Sebaka sa Khatello ea Sensor | < 6.4 MPa (e etselitsoeng >10 MPa) | E ikamahanya le mela ea homogenization ea khatello e phahameng, mooviscosity ea emulsion ea metsi a olike habohlokoa. |
| Thepa | 316 Tšepe e sa Hloekeng (e tloaelehileng) | E hanela ho bola ho bakoang ke mekhahlelo ea emulsion ea asiti kapa alkaline, e thibela ho senyeha ha sensor. |
| Boemo ba Tšireletso | IP68 (sensor) / IP67 (lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki) | Litšireletso khahlanong le metsi, lerōle le ho phatloha ha emulsion libakeng tse litšila tsa tlhahiso. |
| Tekanyetso e Sireletsang ho Phatloha | ExdIIBT4 | E bolokehile bakeng sa tšebeliso ea mela ea emulsion e thehiloeng ho petrochemical kapa solvent (mohlala, li-emulsifier tsa olifield). |
| Nako ea Karabelo ea Pontšo | 5s | E hapa liphetoho tse potlakileng tsa viscosity (mohlala, nakong ea ho eketsa emulsifier) 'me e baka liphetoho hang-hang. |
| Sehlahisoa | 4 – 20 mADC (ho teteana/mocheso) + Modbus | E hokahana le litsamaiso tsa PLC kapa SCADA bakeng sa taolo ea ts'ebetso e iketsang le ho ngola lintlha. |
Molao-motheo oa ho Sebetsa - O Entsoe bakeng sa Boitšoaro ba Phallo ea Emulsion
Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso oa Lonnmeter o shebana le tlhaho e seng ea Newtonian le e fetohang ea li-emulsion, o netefatsa hore li nepahetse.emulsion ea viscosityho bala ntle le ho sitisa tlhahiso:
- Sensor e kobehileng ea viscometer e sisinyeha ka lehlakoreng le le leng ka lebelo le tsitsitseng. Ha emulsion e phalla holim'a sensor, mokelikeli oa beoa - ho etsisa sekhahla sa ho beoa se fumanoang meleng ea tlhahiso ea 'nete (mohlala, lipompo, li-mixer).
- Liphetoho hoviscosity ea emulsionfetola matla a lahlehang nakong ea ho sisinyeha: viscosity e phahameng e baka khanyetso e eketsehileng, e eketsa tahlehelo ea matla; viscosity e tlase e fokotsa khanyetso.
- Potoloho ea elektroniki ea sensor e lemoha tahlehelo ena ea matla, e e fetolela boleng ba viscosity, 'me e fetisetsa data ka nako ea sebele (ka 4–20 mADC kapa Modbus).
- Ho fapana le di-viscometer tsa setso, ha e na dikarolo tse tsamayang, ditiiso, kapa di-bearing. Moralo ona o tlosa tshilafatso ho masalla a emulsion (ha ho na mapetso a ho bokellana) mme o fokotsa tlhokomelo—e leng ya bohlokwa bakeng sa tlhahiso e tswelang pele ya 24/7.
Ithute ka Limithara tse ling tsa Botenya
Limithara tse ling tsa Ts'ebetso ea Inthanete
Melemo ea Inline Emulsion Viscometer (Lonnmeter) bakeng sa Bahlahisi ba Emulsion
Bakeng sa mafapha le baenjiniere ba ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso, Lonnmeter e fana ka melemo e bonahalang, e ka baloang e ntlafatsang boleng, bokhoni le katleho ea litšenyehelo ka ho toba - tsohle li shebane le ho nepahalaviscosity ea emulsiontaolo:
Ho Ikamahanya le Maemo ka ho Ikhetha ha Emulsion
- E sebetsana le Metsi a seng a Newtonian: Ka ho kuta emulsion ka lebelo la ho kuta ka har'a mohala, e fana ka ho nepahalaviscosity ea emulsion ea metsi a olilipalo tse tsamaellanang le maemo a tlhahiso ea 'nete—eseng feela litlhophiso tsa laboratori.
- E Hanela Maemo a Mabe: Tšepe e sa ruseng ea 316, tšireletso ea IP68, le mamello ea mocheso o phahameng/khatello li bolela hore e sebetsa ka mokhoa o tšepahalang libakeng tsohle tsa tlhahiso ea emulsion, ho tloha ts'ebetsong ea lijo (litlhoko tsa ho hloekisa sebakeng) ho isa lik'hemik'hale tsa petroleum (sepakapaka se phatlohang).
- E felisa litšila tse ngata: Lipalo tsa viscosity tsa hang-hang li lumella basebetsi ho fetola liparamente (mohlala, tekanyo ea emulsifier, sekhahla sa ho shear) ka metsotsoana— pele emulsion e sa lumellaneng le eona e hlahisoa.
- E netefatsa ho tsitsisa: Ho pheta-pheta ha ±1% ho bolela hore sehlopha se seng le se seng se na le se tšoanangemulsion ea viscosity, ho fokotsa dingongoreho tsa bareki le ho lokisa dintho botjha.
- E Fokotsa Mosebetsi oa Matsoho: Ha ho sa na ho nka disampole ka letsoho kapa tlhahlobo ya laboratori—e lokollang botekgeniki bakeng sa mesebetsi ya boleng bo hodimo.
- E iketsetsa Liphetoho tsa Ts'ebetso: E kopana le di-PLC ho fetola diparamitha ka boiketsetso (mohlala, ho eketsa kgatello ya homogenizer haeba viscosity e theoha) — ho fokotsa diphoso tsa motho le ho netefatsa botsitso ba 24/7.
- Lintlha tsa ho tsikinyeha ha li-LogMabenkele a tlhahiso ea Modbusviscosity ea emulsionle tlhahisoleseding ya mocheso, e leng ya bohlokwa bakeng sa ho latela melao ya taolo (mohlala, ditlhoko tsa FDA bakeng sa di-emulsion tsa meriana) kapa tlhahlobo ya sesosa sa motso (mohlala, ho latela hore na ke hobaneng ha viscosity e ile ya phahama nakong e fetileng).
- Li-alamu tsa ho baka: Lialamo tse potlakileng li lemosa basebetsi ka ho hlaka ho sa tloaelehang, ho thibela ho hloleha ha nako ea ho sebetsa kapa ho hloleha ha sehlopha.
Taolo ea Boleng ea Nako ea Sebele
Bokgoni ba Ts'ebetso
Ho Latela le ho Latela Melao ea Lintlha
Haeba sehlopha sa hau sa tlhahiso ea emulsion se se se loketse ho tloha ho arabelang ho ea ho ba mafolofoloviscosity ea emulsiontaolo— le ho fokotsa litšila, ho ntlafatsa boleng, le ho eketsa bokgoni— ke nako ea ho kopa khotheishene bakeng sa Lonnmeter inthanetengviscometer ea emulsionKopa khotheishene ea hau kajeno ho qala ho ntlafatsa taolo ea boleng ba tlhahiso ea hau ea emulsion - 'me u fumane e tsitsitsengviscosity ea emulsion ea metsi a olibareki ba hao ba lebeletse.
