Ho lekanya khatello ka hare ho mothati ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sireletsa botsitso ba ts'ebetso le basebetsi ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate. Tlhokomelo ea khatello ea kamehla le ea nako ea sebele e sebelisang e tsoetseng pele.li-transmitter tse ka hare, joalo ka ba tsoang Lonnmeter, ba lumella basebetsi ho lemoha ka potlako esita le ho kheloha ho honyenyane ho tsoa lintlheng tse behiloeng. Karabelo ena e tšehetsa melemo ea sistimi ea taolo ea khatello ea loop e koetsoeng, e netefatsa hore liphetoho tsa khatello li etsoa ka bohona ho boloka ts'ebetso ea boemo bo tsitsitseng.
Tlhahiso ea Ammonium Nitrate
*
Selelekela
Tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate ke ea bohlokoa indastering ea manyolo a lik'hemik'hale, e fanang ka karolo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa temo lefatšeng ka bophara. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate e kenyelletsa karabelo ea ho se nke lehlakore pakeng tsa ammonia e metsi le nitric acid e hlapollotsoeng, e leng se etsang tharollo e nang le litšobotsi tse nepahetseng tsa lik'hemik'hale. Ho boloka boleng bo tsitsitseng ba tlhahiso le polokeho ea ts'ebetso ho bohlokoa, kaha nako ea tlhahiso ea ho se sebetse kapa ho kheloha ha sehlahisoa ho ka ama liketane tsa phepelo le ho eketsa litšenyehelo.
Difeme tsa tlhahiso ya manyolo di sebetsa tlasa phallo e tswelang pele, di tobane le dikgatello tsa ho fokotsa ditshitiso tsa tshebetso le ho kenya tshebetsong melao e thata ya polokeho. Ho sebetsana le ammonia e metsi ho na le dikotsi tse kgolo, tse kang ho baleha ha chefo le dikotsi tse phatlohang, tse hlokang ho thibelwa ka matla le taolo ya tshebetso. Fokotsa tshebediso ya nitric acid, e sebediswang hokarabelo ea ho se nke lehlakore, hlahisa lintlha tse ling tsa polokeho le mafome.
Ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele lifemeng tsa lik'hemik'hale e itšetlehile ka liparamente tse tsitsitseng tsa ts'ebetso. Ho feto-fetoha ha khatello ho reactor ea neutralization ho ka sitisa maemo a karabelo, ha beha kotsing ea ho tsoa ha ammonia ea metsi le ho beha polokeho le tlhahiso kotsing. Ho hloleha ha mechini, ho senyeha ha bokaholimo ba diaphragm, kapa masale a ho hloekisa a sa hlokomeloeng hantle lits'ebetsong tsa khatello le tsona li eketsa likotsi tsena.
Li-transmitter tsa khatello tse ka hare li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tlhokomelong le taolong ea inthanete. Ka ho fetisetsa khatello ea reactor hang-hang ho Sistimi ea Taolo e Ajoang ea Semela (DCS), li-sensor tsena li nolofalletsa melemo ea sistimi ea taolo ea khatello ea loop e koetsoeng—e arabela ka nako ea sebele ho kheloha le ho ntlafatsa maemo a reactor. Phetiso e nepahetseng, ea nako ea sebele ho tsoa lisebelisoa tsa transmitter tsa khatello e tšehetsa ntlafatso ea sistimi ea taolo ea khatello, e fokotsa kotsi ea ho se tsitse ha ts'ebetso, 'me e nolofalletsa ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea manyolo ea ammonium nitrate. Lonnmeter le bahlahisi ba bang ba tsepamisa maikutlo linthong tse tšepahalang le tse nepahetseng tsa ho lekanya ho kopanngoa le meralo e joalo ea sistimi e tsoetseng pele.
Ho beha leihlo kgatello ka nepo ho dumella basebetsi ho laola ho feto-fetoha ha kgatello ditshebetsong tsa dikhemikhale, ho ntlafatsa thibelo ya ho phonyoha ha ammonia ya metsi, le ho netefatsa tshebetso e nepahetseng ya lesale la ho hlwekisa le tlhokomelo ya bokahodimo ba diaphragm. Dintlafatso tsena tsa taolo ya tshebetso di bontsha mekgwa ya hajwale ya indasteri ya manyolo a dikhemikhale, kaha dimela di hloka tlhokomelo e tshepahalang ya kgatello inthaneteng mme di reka disebediswa ho bafepedi le bahlahisi ba tshepahalang ba odm pressure transmitter inthaneteng.
Khatello e tsitsitseng ea reactor e tšehetsa tlhahiso e sireletsehileng le e sebetsang ea tharollo ea ammonium nitrate 'me e tšehetsa botšepehi ba mohala oohle oa tlhahiso ea manyolo.
Kakaretso ea Ts'ebetso ea Indasteri
Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate e shebane le karabelo ea ho se nke lehlakore pakeng tsa ammonia e metsi le nitric acid e hlapollotsoeng. Ammonia e metsi e bolokoa tlas'a khatello 'me e bolokoa mochesong o tlase ho fokotsa likotsi tsa mouoane, ha nitric acid e hlapollotsoeng e bolokoa ka litankeng tse sa mamelleng mafome ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e mabifi. Li-reactants tse peli li lekanngoa ka hloko 'me li fepuoa ka har'a reactor ea ho se nke lehlakore, moo li fetang karabelong e feteletseng ea ho futhumatsa ho theha tharollo ea ammonium nitrate. Taolo e nepahetseng ea sekhahla sa phepo ea reactant le khatello ka har'a reactor ea ho se nke lehlakore e bohlokoa bakeng sa polokeho le botsitso ba sehlahisoa, haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho feto-fetoha ha ammonia le ho senyeha ha nitric acid.
Ka hare ho indasteri ea manyolo a lik'hemik'hale, ammonium nitrate e hlahile e le sehlahisoa se seholo sa manyolo. Mekhoa ea morao tjena e totobatsa ho ata ha eona, ka libaka tsa tlhahiso United States tse sebetsang hoo e ka bang matla a felletseng a ammonia ho khotsofatsa tlhoko ea manyolo.
Phallo ea indasteri e qala ka polokelo e sireletsehileng ea ammonia e metsi le nitric acid e qhibilihang. Mekhoa ea ho fepa e laoloang, eo hangata e kopantsoeng le litsamaiso tsa taolo tse ajoang (DCS), e netefatsa hore li-reactant li tla fanoa ka nepo bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele limela tsa lik'hemik'hale. Motheo oa ts'ebetso - reactor ea neutralization - e itšetlehile ka taolo e nepahetseng ea khatello, ho sebelisoa li-transmitter tsa khatello le litsamaiso tsa taolo ea khatello ea loop e koetsoeng bakeng sa ho beha leihlo nako ea sebele le karabelo ea hang-hang ho liphetoho tsa khatello. Sena se fokotsa likotsi tse kang ho tsoa ha ammonia ea metsi 'me se thusa ho ntlafatsa sistimi ea taolo ea khatello bakeng sa polokeho le katleho ea reactor.
Kamora ho se be le tšitiso, tharollo ea ammonium nitrate e fetisetsoa ho li-unit tsa mahloriso, hangata li-evaporator, ho eketsa matla a tharollo ha ho ntse ho laoloa tšebeliso ea matla. Mahloriso a beoa leihlo ka hloko bakeng sa litšobotsi tse lakatsehang tsa sehlahisoa. Mehato ea ho qetela e kenyelletsa ho tiea, moo ammonium nitrate e kopaneng e thehoang ho ba li-prill kapa li-granule ka litora tsa granulation ho sebelisoa melapo ea moea e pholileng. Mokhahlelo o mong le o mong—mahloriso le granulation—o hloka taolo e tiileng ea mocheso, boemo le liphetoho tse ling tsa ts'ebetso ho netefatsa boleng bo tsitsitseng ba manyolo a ammonium nitrate.
Tekanyo le taolo e nepahetseng li tšehetsa mohato o mong le o mong ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso. Ho nepahala ha ho lekola khatello, mahloriso, bongata, ho teteana, boemo le mocheso ho susumetsa boleng ba sehlahisoa, botsitso ba ts'ebetso le katleho ea ts'ebetso. Lisebelisoa tse kang li-transmitter tsa khatello ea ODM tsa inthanete, mehele ea ho hloekisa bakeng sa ho thibela ho koaloa ha sensor, le tšehetso ea tlhokomelo ea kamehla ea sebaka sa diaphragm e tšepahalangsesebelisoa sa ho fetisa khatello inthanetengtlhokomelo le botšepehi ba sistimi ka kakaretso. Methara ea Lonnmeter ea ho ba le boima bo kahare le ho teteana e fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa nako ea sebele, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho laola litšobotsi tsa tharollo nakong ea tlhahiso le ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso.
Lintho tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tse lokelang ho nahanoa ka polokeho ke tsena: tlhokomelo e khethehileng e fuoa polokeho ea ho sebetsana le ammonia e metsi, thibelo ea ho tsoa ha ammonia, le khetho ea thepa ho mamella ho bola ha nitric acid. Ho laola ho feto-fetoha ha khatello lits'ebetsong tsa lik'hemik'hale ho rarolloa ke maano a taolo a tsoetseng pele, lisebelisoa tse ntlafalitsoeng, le tlhokomelo e phethahetseng. Mekhoa ena ka kakaretso e nolofalletsa ntlafatso ea sistimi ea taolo ea khatello, e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea manyolo ea ammonium nitrate ka kakaretso.
Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso ea Ammonium Nitrate
*
Karolo ea Inline Instrumentation ho Ntlafatso ea Ts'ebetso
Li-transmitter tsa khatello tse ka hare li bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate, haholo-holo nakong ea karabelo ea ho se nke lehlakore. Li ntse li lekanya khatello ea reactor ka matla a phahameng, li fana ka maikutlo a nako ea sebele ho Tsamaiso ea Taolo e Ajoang (DCS) tlhahisong ea manyolo. Kopano ena e tobileng ea dijithale e nolofalletsa ho beha leihlo khafetsa ha transmitter ea khatello inthaneteng, e lumellang basebetsi ho lemoha kapele matšoao a khatello a sa tloaelehang le ho arabela pele maeto a eketseha.
Maikutlo a Instant DCS a tšehetsa ho etsa liqeto ka potlako le ho kenya tšebetsong mehato ea tokiso. Taolo ea ho feto-fetoha ha khatello e ba bonolo ka ho boloka fensetere e tsitsitseng ea ts'ebetso, ho thibela ho phahama ha khatello ka potlako ho ka behang boleng ba karabelo kotsing kapa ho baka ho tsoa ha ammonia e metsi e kotsi. Mohlala, tlhahisong ea tharollo ea ammonium nitrate, ho boloka khatello e tsitsitseng ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng ea ammonia ea metsi 'me ho thibela kotsi ea ho lokolloa nakong ea ho phahama ha khatello. Melemo ea sistimi ea taolo ea khatello ea loop e koetsoeng e kenyelletsa liphetoho tse iketsahalletseng tse ipapisitseng le lipalo tsa transmitter, ho eketsa botsitso ba ts'ebetso le ho fokotsa ho kenella ka letsoho.
Lisebelisoa tse tlatsetsang tse ka hare ho modumo li ntlafatsa ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso. Methara ea mahloriso e ka hare ho modumo e fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le reactant le mahloriso a sehlahisoa ka nako ea sebele. Methara ea mahloriso e ka hare ho modumo le viscosity ea Lonnmeter li thusa ho lekola litšobotsi tsa tharollo ea ammonium nitrate, li nolofalletsa basebetsi ho khetholla liphapang tsa matla a mokelikeli, joalo ka liphetoho tsa bongata bo hlahang ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha ts'ebetso kapa ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea nitric acid. Li-transmitter tsa boemo ba kahare li boloka bongata bo botle ka har'a li-reactor, li netefatsa hore karabelo ea neutralization tlhahisong ea ammonium nitrate e etsahala ka katleho, ntle le ho tlatsa ho feta tekano kapa ho omella. Li-transmitter tsa mocheso li fana ka lipalo tse nepahetseng tsa mocheso, tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho laola sekhahla sa karabelo le ho boloka polokeho. Ha li kopantsoe ka har'a DCS, lisebelisoa tsena li theha sistimi e felletseng ea taolo, li ntšetsa pele ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele limela tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Bafepedi le bahlahisi ba di-transmitter tsa kgatello tsa ODM tsa inthanete ba bapala karolo ya bohlokwa ho bopeng mekgwa ya indasteri ya manyolo a dikhemikhale. Ba fana ka disebediswa tse matla, tse nepahetseng tse etseditsweng ditlhoko tsa ntlafatso ya mekgwa ya tlhahiso ya manyolo ya ammonium nitrate ya sejwalejwale. Di-transmitter tse tswetseng pele, tse entsweng ka dikarolo tse kang mosebetsi wa lesale la ho hlwekisa bakeng sa tlhokomelo ya bokahodimo ba diaphragm, di thusa ho netefatsa ho tshwarella ho sa tsotellehe dikhemikhale tse senyang. Tshehetso e tshepahalang ya bafepedi e thusa dimela ho nolofatsa tshebetso, ho fokotsa nako ya ho se sebetse, le ho latela melao e tiileng ya polokeho, haholoholo mabapi le ntlafatso ya sistimi ya taolo ya kgatello le thibelo ya ho phonyoha ha ammonia ya metsi.
Moelelong oa tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate, ho kopanya mahlale a tekanyo a nako ea sebele, a ka hare ho mola—ho kenyeletsoa le a entsoeng ke Lonnmeter—ho khothalletsa ho nepahala, ho eketsa ts'epo ea tlhahiso, 'me ho tšehetsa ka ho toba polokeho ea ts'ebetso libakeng tsa reactor.
Mathata a ho Lekanya Khatelloin AmmoniumNtekanyo e phahamengPtlhahiso
Taolo ea khatello ka har'a reactor ea neutralization nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate e tobane le liphephetso tse sa khaotseng. Liphetoho tse potlakileng tsa khatello le phallo e feto-fetohang li ka lebisa ho se tsitse ha ts'ebetso le ho beha kotsing ea ho tsoa ha ammonia e metsi kotsing, e leng se bakang kotsi e kholo ea polokeho. Tekanyo e nepahetseng ea khatello ea nako ea sebele ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka maemo a tsitsitseng a reactor, ho netefatsa katleho ea karabelo ea neutralization, le ho tšehetsa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele limela tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Li-transmitter tsa khatello tse ka hare ho Lonnmeter li sebetsana le mathata ana ka ho sebelisa theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea lesale la purge. Mosebetsi oa lesale la purge o sireletsa bokaholimo ba diaphragm ba sensor khahlanong le mafome le tšilafalo e teng tharollong ea ammonium nitrate. Moralo ona o atolosa bophelo ba tšebeletso ea transmitter haholo 'me o boloka ho nepahala ho hoholo, esita le ha o pepesehetse lik'hemik'hale tse mabifi tse kang nitric acid e hlapollotsoeng le ammonium nitrate e matla. Tlhokomelo ea bokaholimo ba diaphragm e thusa ho boloka botšepehi ba tekanyo, e leng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho laola phetoho ea khatello lits'ebetsong tsa lik'hemik'hale le ho fokotsa ho tsoa ha ammonia e metsi.
Ho kenngwa ha di-transmitter tsa Lonnmeter ka mawa dintlheng tsa bohlokwa tsa tshebetso—jwalo ka ho kena le ho tswa ha seakere sa neutralization, mela ya ho fana ka ammonia le nitric acid, le mekhahlelo ya mahloriso—ho nolofalletsa pokello e felletseng ya data. Boleng ba kgatello ya nako ya sebele bo fanwang ke di-transmitter tsena bo thusa ho etsa diqeto ka potlako le ho matlafatsa boiketsetso ba tshebetso ha bo hokahantswe le Distributed Control Systems (DCS) tlhahisong ya manyolo. Kopanyo ena e tshehetsa dikarolo tse tswetseng pele jwalo ka pontsho ya boemo ba nako ya sebele, ho qholotsa alamo ka boiketsetso, le ntlafatso ya sistimi ya taolo ya kgatello ya loop e kwetsweng, e leng se ntlafatsang dintlafatso tsa tshebetso ya tlhahiso ya manyolo ya ammonium nitrate.
Ho fumana li-transmitter tsa khatello ho tsoa ho bafepedi le bahlahisi ba tšepahalang ba ODM ba inthaneteng ho netefatsa ts'epo le litharollo tse etselitsoeng uena. Linako tse potlakileng tsa ho etella pele le likhetho tsa ho iketsetsa li thusa ho fihlela litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa tikoloho ea tlhahiso ea tharollo ea ammonium nitrate. Lihlahisoa li ka hlalosoa bakeng sa maemo a itseng a karabelo ea ho se nke lehlakore, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele le polokeho mekhoeng e meholo ea indasteri ea manyolo a lik'hemik'hale.
Tsepamiso ea Lonnmeter holim'a li-hardware—botenya le li-viscosity metres—ha e kenyelletse likarolo tsa software le sistimi, e netefatsang boiphihlelo bo inehetseng mahlaleng a ho lekanya a kahare. Ka li-transmitter tsena tse matla tsa khatello, limela tsa lik'hemik'hale li fumana mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa taolo ea khatello, ho thibela ho lutla, le ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso tlhahisong e tsoelang pele ea ammonium nitrate.
Litlhahiso tsa ho Kenya le Bokgoni/Melemo ea Litšenyehelo
Ho kenya ka maqiti litsamaiso tsa phetisetso ea khatello ho pholletsa le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate ho bohlokoa bakeng sa polokeho le ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso. Li-transmitter tsa khatello li lokela ho beoa libakeng tsa ho fepa le ho ntša li-reactor tsa neutralization, moo tekanyo e tebileng e thusang ho laola karabelo ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa nitric acid e hlapolotsoeng le ammonia ea metsi. Ho beha leihlo mathateng a liphaephe tse kholo—bakeng sa ammonia ea metsi, nitric acid e hlapolotsoeng, le tharollo ea ammonium nitrate e hlahang—hoa hlokahala ho boloka botšepehi ba ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele limela tsa lik'hemik'hale le ho tšehetsa tlhahiso e tsoetseng pele ea tharollo ea ammonium nitrate.
Mehatong ea ts'ebetso e theohelang, ho kenyeletsoa polokelo ea kantle ho sebaka le ho kenngoa ha manyolo, tekanyo ea khatello e lumella ho kenella ka potlako haeba khatello e fetoha, e ntlafatsa melemo ea sistimi ea taolo ea khatello e koetsoeng. Ho lemoha kapele le ho arola ho lutla kapa likhatello tse sa sireletsehang ho bohlokoa haholo meleng e sebetsanang le ammonia ea metsi, ka lebaka la chefo ea eona e phahameng le ho feto-fetoha ha eona. Libaka tsa ho fetisetsa khatello ea maano li bohlokoa bakeng sa polokeho ea ho sebetsana le ammonia ea metsi le thibelo ea ho baleha ammonia ea metsi, ho sireletsa basebetsi le thepa.
Katleho ea bokhoni e eketseha ha tlhokomelo ea bokaholimo ba diaphragm le ts'ebetso ea lesale la ho hloekisa li etelloa pele. Tšebeliso ea lesale la ho hloekisa le ho hloekisa khafetsa e fokotsa litšila tsa sensor, e tsitsisa lipalo, 'me e eketsa nako ea bophelo ba sesebelisoa. Li-diaphragm tse hlokometsoeng hantle le masale a ho hloekisa li netefatsa litekanyo tse tsitsitseng esita le har'a melapo e senyang, haholo-holo nakong ea karabelo ea ho se nke lehlakore tlhahisong ea ammonium nitrate.
Tlhokomelo ea inthanete ea transmitter ea khatello ea nako ea sebele e nolofatsa ntlafatso ea sistimi ea taolo ea khatello 'me e tšehetsa DCS e nepahetseng tlhahisong ea manyolo. Ho kopanngoa ho se nang sekoli le litsamaiso tsa taolo tse ajoang (DCS) ho nolofalletsa taolo ea loop e koetsoeng e iketsahallang ka bongata, ho fokotsa nako ea ts'ebetso, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla le ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea thepa e tala. Tšebelisano-'moho ena e fana ka mekhoa e ka lekanngoang ea indasteri ea manyolo a lik'hemik'hale ho ea bokhabane ba ts'ebetso, ho matlafatsa ponaletso le ho nolofatsa ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea manyolo ea ammonium nitrate.
Bakeng sa melemo ea litšenyehelo, bafepedi le bahlahisi ba ODM ba inthaneteng ba nolofalletsa libaka ho khetha lisebelisoa tse matla, tse loketseng tlhokomelo. Lonnmeter, joalo ka moetsi ea inehetseng oa li-inline density le viscosity metres, ha e fane ka software ea taolo kapa ea ho beha leihlo empa e kenya letsoho ho lisebelisoa tse tšepahalang tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele lifemeng tsa lik'hemik'hale. Mekhoa e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho kenya, tlhokomelo ea kamehla ea bokaholimo ba diaphragm, le ts'ebeliso ea masale a ho hloekisa li netefatsa lisebelisoa tse tšoarellang nako e telele, tse nepahetseng haholo - qetellong li fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso ka tonne ea ammonium nitrate e hlahisoang. Mekhoa e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho kenya le kopanyo e notlolla katleho e eketsehileng mohatong o mong le o mong, ho tloha ho se nke lehlakore ho isa ho sephutheloana sa ho qetela sa sehlahisoa.
Qetello
Tekanyo ea khatello e otlolohileng e eme motheong oa tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate e sireletsehileng, e tšepahalang le e sebetsang hantle. Ho beha leihlo ka nako ea sebele karabelo ea ho se nke lehlakore ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate ho thusa ho boloka maemo a khatello a matle ka ho fetisisa, ho thibela ho feto-fetoha ha tšohanyetso ho ka sitisang ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele limela tsa lik'hemik'hale. Ho beha leihlo khatello e tšepahalang inthaneteng ho fokotsa kotsi ea maemo a kotsi a kang ho tsoa ha ammonia e metsi kapa ho bokellana ho feteletseng ha khatello, ka bobeli e le tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sebetsana le ammonia e metsi le ho fokotsa nitric acid tlhahisong ea tharollo ea ammonium nitrate.
Ho kopanya ditharollo tse tswetseng pele jwalo ka di-transmitter tsa kgatello tse kahare tsa Lonnmeter tsamaisong ya taolo ya kgatello e koetsoeng ho eketsa lera le matla la botsitso ba tshebetso. Di-transmitter tsena di tshehetsa ntlafatso ya tshebetso ka ho fepa data e nepahetseng ka ho toba ho DCS tlhahisong ya manyolo, di kganna dintlafatso tse tsitsitseng diphethong tsa tlhahiso ya manyolo a ammonium nitrate. Mokhoa ona ha o tiise polokeho ya dimela feela, empa hape o eketsa katleho ya ditjeo ka ho fokotsa nako ya ho se sebetse le ntlafatso ya sistimi ya taolo ya kgatello - dintlha tsa bohlokwa ho sebetsana le mekgwa ya indasteri ya manyolo a dikhemikhale.
Tlhokomelo e nepahetseng ea likarolo tse kang libaka tsa diaphragm le ts'ebetso ea lesale la ho hloekisa e netefatsa ho nepahala le ho atolosa bophelo ba lisebelisoa, e fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso. Ka ho fokotsa phapang ea khatello, lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale li kenya letsoho ka kotloloho ho laoleng ho feto-fetoha ha khatello lits'ebetsong tsa lik'hemik'hale le ho boloka mekhoa e metle ea tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate.
Litsebi tsa indasteri li khothalletsoa ho kopa khotheishene le ho batlisisa litharollo tsa lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle tse tsoang ho bafani ba li-transmitter tsa khatello ea ODM tse ka sehloohong inthaneteng. Ho ntlafatsa theknoloji e tšepahalang joalo ka lihlahisoa tsa Lonnmeter ho matlafatsa libaka tsa ho ntlafatsa ts'epo ea ts'ebetso, ho matlafatsa polokeho, le ho fihlela ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ho pholletsa le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate.
Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa (Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa)
Molemo oa sistimi ea taolo ea khatello ea loop e koetsoeng ke ofe tlhahisong ea ammonium nitrate?
Sistimi ea taolo ea khatello ea loop e koetsoeng e tsitsisa karabelo ea ho se nke lehlakore tlhahisong ea ammonium nitrate ka ho fetola ka bohona liparamente tsa ts'ebetso ho sebelisa litsamaiso tsa taolo tse ajoang (DCS). Karabelo ena ea hang-hang e thibela ho feto-fetoha ha khatello ho sa batleheng, e leng se fokotsang haholo kotsi ea ho tsoa ha ammonia e kotsi. Khatello e tsitsitseng e boetse e boloka boleng bo tsitsitseng ba tharollo ea ammonium nitrate mme e tšehetsa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele limela tsa lik'hemik'hale, e ntlafatsa katleho ea ts'ebetso le polokeho ka kakaretso.
Li-transmitter tsa khatello tse ka hare li lokela ho kenngoa hokae lifemeng tsa tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate?
Libaka tse ntle tsa ho beha di kenyeletsa mela ya ho fepa le ho ntsha metsi ya reactor, dintlha tsa ho kena bakeng sa ammonia e metsi le nitric acid e hlapollotsweng, le mehatong ya bohlokwa ya tlhahiso ya tharollo ya ammonium nitrate. Libaka tsena di netefatsa ho lemoha ho kheloha ho matla le ka nako ya sebele. Ka ho kenya ka nepo, DCS tlhahisong ya manyolo e ka lemoha maemo a sa tlwaelehang kapele, ya ntlafatsa taolo hodima tshebetso yohle le ho fokotsa ditshitiso tsa tshebetso kapa dikotsi tsa tikoloho.
Masale a ho hloekisa a sireletsa bokaholimo ba diaphragm joang lits'ebetsong tsa phetisetso ea khatello?
Masale a ho hlwekisa a thusa ho hlwekisa ka botlalo le ho fokotsa ho bokellana ha dintho tse tiileng kapa dihlahiswa tse senyang hodima diaphragm ya transmitter. Moralo ona o fokotsa tlhokomelo le ho senyeha, o fana ka bophelo bo bolelele ba tshebeletso, haholoholo maemong a thata a tlwaelehileng tshebetsong ya tlhahiso ya manyolo a ammonium nitrate. Ka ho boloka diaphragm e hlwekile ebile e sa senyeha, masale a ho hlwekisa a thusa ho netefatsa tlhokomelo e tshepahalang le e nepahetseng ya transmitter inthaneteng, e fokotsa nako ya ho se sebetse e sa rerilweng e amanang le ho hloleha ha disebediswa.
Ke hobane'ng ha polokeho ea ho sebetsana le ammonia e metsi e le ea bohlokoa, 'me li-transmitter tsa khatello li ka thusa joang?
Ammonia e metsi e chefo ebile e fetoha habonolo haholo. Khatello e sa laoleheng e ka fella ka ho lokolloa ho kotsi. Li-transmitter tsa khatello tse ka hare lia hlokahala bakeng sa polokeho: li fana ka tlhokomelo e sa khaotseng 'me li lemoha hang-hang lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa khatello. Ha khatello e feta lintlha tse behiloeng, lialamo le ho koaloa ka boiketsetso lia qhoma, li thibela ka potlako ho lutla kapa ho tsoa. Karabelo ena ea nako ea sebele ha e tiise feela litekanyetso tsa polokeho tsa ho sebetsana le ammonia e metsi empa hape e sireletsa basebetsi le tikoloho e pharaletseng ho tsoa kotsi e ka bang teng.
Ke mesebetsi efe eo disebediswa tse tlatsanang tse ka hare di e phethang mmoho le di-transmitter tsa kgatello?
Hammoho le li-transmitter tsa khatello, lisebelisoa tse ka hare tse kang li-concentration metres, li-density metres, li-viscosity metres (ho kenyeletsoa le tse entsoeng ke Lonnmeter), li-transmitter tsa boemo, le li-transmitter tsa mocheso li fana ka pono e felletseng ea dijithale ea maemo a ts'ebetso. Ka kopanelo, lisebelisoa tsena li nolofalletsa ntlafatso ea sistimi ea taolo ea khatello, li tšehetsa melemo ea sistimi e koetsoeng, 'me li nolofalletsa ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea ammonium nitrate e tsamaisoang ke data. Mohlala, li-inline Lonnmeter density le viscosity metres li thusa ho laola botsitso ba motsoako, ho netefatsa hore karabelo ea neutralization e lula ka har'a liparamente tse lakatsehang bakeng sa boleng ba sehlahisoa le polokeho ea ts'ebetso.
Nako ea poso: Pherekhong-15-2026
