Mekhoeng ea ho fumana oli e ntlafalitsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale (EOR)—haholo-holo likhohola tsa polymer nts'etsopele ea oli le khase metsing a tebileng—taolo e nepahetseng ea viscosity ea tharollo ea polyacrylamide ke ea bohlokoa haholo. Ho fihlella katleho e ntle ea ho sweep libakeng tsa polokelo ea oli ho hloka ho lokisa litšobotsi tsa tharollo ea polymer ka nako e le 'ngoe. Mekhoa ea setso ea ho lekanya viscosity e thehiloeng laboratoring e lieha haholo, e itšetlehile ka ho nka sampole nako le nako ka letsoho le tlhahlobo e liehang. Lekhalo lena le ka lebisa ho tekanyo ea polymer e sa tsamaellaneng, taolo e mpe ea ho sisinyeha ha ente, 'me qetellong, katleho e tlase ea ho fumana oli kapa litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng tsa ts'ebetso. Lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya viscosity tse ka hare joale li nolofalletsa tlhokomelo ea nako ea sebele, e tsoelang pele, ka kotloloho moleng oa tlhahiso, ho fihlela litlhoko tse potlakileng tsa ts'ebetso ea masimo a tebileng le ho netefatsa taolo e betere ea viscosity bakeng sa li-polymer tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa ho fumana oli.
Ho Khohola ha Polymer le ho Ntlafatsa Oli Masimong a Oli le Khase a Metsing a Tebileng
Ho ntlafala ha oli (EOR) ho kenyeletsa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele e ntlafaditsweng ho ntlafatsa ho ntshwa ha oli ho feta seo mekgwa ya mantlha le ya bobedi e se fihlellang. Ha tlhahlobo ya oli le kgase metsing a tebileng e ntse e hola, matamo ana a diphoofolo hangata a hlahisa dibopeho tse rarahaneng tsa jeoloji le ditjeo tse hodimo tsa tshebetso, e leng se etsang hore EOR e be ya bohlokwa bakeng sa ho eketsa polokelo le ho ntlafatsa moruo wa ntshetsopele ya masimo a oli le kgase.
Ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ka moroallo oa polymer ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa lik'hemik'hale oa EOR o sebelisoang ka ho eketsehileng libakeng tse tebileng tsa metsi. Metsing a moroallo oa polymer, li-polymer tse qhibilihang ka metsing—tseo hangata li nang le hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)—li eketsoa metsing a kenngoeng, li eketsa viscosity ea tsona le ho nolofalletsa taolo e betere ea ho tsamaea ka har'a letamo. Ts'ebetso ena e bohlokoa haholo lebōpong la leoatle, moo karolelano e sa rateheng ea ho tsamaea pakeng tsa metsi a kenngoeng le oli e teteaneng e fokotsang katleho ea metsi a tloaelehileng a phallang.
Metsing a tloaelehileng a tletseng metsi, metsi a nang le viscous e tlase a atisa ho feta oli ka ho "finance" libakeng tse nang le metsi a mangata, e leng se etsang hore bongata ba hydrocarbon bo se ke ba fumanoa. Metsi a nang le polymer a loantša sena ka ho ntlafatsa bokgoni ba ho phunya matamo a oli, a etsa sebaka se tsitsitseng sa ho falla se netefatsang hore karolo e kholo ea letamo e phunngoe 'me oli e fetisetsoa lilibeng tsa tlhahiso. Lintlha tsa tšimo li bontša hore polymer EOR e ka fana ka keketseho ea ho fihlela ho 10% ea ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ka sekhahla holim'a metsi a phunngoeng, le ntlafatso ea ho fihlela ho 13% ho lisebelisoa tsa bahlahlobi.
Lithibelo tsa moruo le tsa thepa libakeng tse tebileng tsa metsi li phahamisa bohlokoa ba katleho ea ts'ebetso. Likhohola tsa polymer li bontšitse bokhoni ba ho fokotsa khaello ea metsi, e leng se fetolelang litlhoko tse tlase tsa matla bakeng sa ts'ebetso le karohano ea mokelikeli - melemo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa leoatleng. Ho feta moo, mokhoa ona o ka fokotsa sekhahla sa khabone tlhahisong ea oli ka ho fokotsa litlhoko tsa taolo ea metsi, ho tšehetsa lipheo tsa phokotso ea mosi.
Katleho ea likhohola tsa polymer e itšetlehile ka tekanyo e nepahetseng ea viscosity bakeng sa li-polymer tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa ho khutlisa oli. Mahlale a kang lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya viscosity ea oli tse kahare, lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba viscosity ea oli, le liprothokholi tsa ho hlahloba viscosity ea polymer tse sebetsang hantle ke tsa bohlokoa ho laoleng thepa ea tharollo ea polymer, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso maemong a thata a ka tlas'a leoatle. Litekanyo tsena li nolofalletsa tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea viscosity ea tharollo ea polyacrylamide, ho ntlafatsa ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea ho sweep le moruo ka kakaretso oa lits'ebetso tsa masimo a likhohola tsa polymer.
Tšimo ea Oli le Khase
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Karolo ea Bohlokoa ea Viscosity ho Likhohola tsa Polymer
Hobaneng Viscosity e le ea Bohlokoa ho Meroallo e Atlehang ea Polymer
Ho teteana ho eme bohareng ba likhohola tsa polymer ho ntlafatsa pholiso ea oli hobane ho laola ka kotloloho karolelano ea ho tsamaea pakeng tsa ho falla le maro a fallang ka har'a letamo. Nts'etsopele ea oli le khase metsing a tebileng, sepheo ke ho bokella oli e setseng ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ka ho netefatsa hore mokelikeli o kenngoeng (hangata tharollo ea metsi ea polyacrylamide, hangata HPAM) o tsamaea ka ho teteana ho fapaneng hantle le oa oli ea tlhaho. Ho teteana hona ho phahameng ho lumella tharollo ea polymer ho feta ka bongata bo boholo ba letamo, ho ntlafatsa kamano pakeng tsa mokelikeli o fallang le li-hydrocarbon tse tšoasitsoeng.
Khetho ea viscosity ea tharollo ea polymer ke ketso ea ho leka-lekanya. Ha metsi a le tlase haholo, 'me a latela liteishene tse neng li se li ntse li le teng tsa ho kenella ka bongata, a feta boholo ba oli; ho phahama haholo, 'me mathata a ho kenngoa ka ente a hlaha, a eketsa kotsi ea ho koaloa ha sebopeho, haholo-holo libakeng tse sa tšoaneng kapa libakeng tse nang le ho kenella ka tlase ho tloaelehileng maemong a metsi a tebileng. Lipatlisiso li totobatsa hore ho fetola ka hloko mahloriso a HPAM—hangata ka har'a 3000–3300 mg/L bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa metsi a tebileng—ho nolofalletsa basebetsi ho eketsa ho falla ha oli ka kakaretso ntle le ho kopana le khatello e feteletseng ea ente kapa mathata a ts'ebetso.
Kamano Pakeng tsa ho tsikinyeha ha tharollo ea polymer le ho sebetsa hantle ha ho fiela
Bokgoni ba ho phumula bo emela karolo ya oli ya letamo eo tharollo ya polymer e kentsweng e e tlosang sebakeng sa yona ka katleho. E amana ka ho toba le karolelano ya viscosity (M), e hlaloswang e le viscosity ya mokelikeli o suthang o arotsweng ka viscosity ya oli e suthang:
M = μ_ho falla / μ_oli
Ha M e atamela 1, karolo e ka pele e tsamaya ka ho lekana, e kgothaletsa bokgoni bo botle ba ho tjhesa le ho fokotsa ho tjhesa menoana e hlabang (tshekamelo ya maro a nang le viscous e tlase ho feta oli le ho theha dikanale tse hlabang). Ho ntlafatsa viscosity ya metsi—hangata ka ho qhibilihisa HPAM kapa di-hybrid tsa yona—ho ka fetola karolelano ya motsamao ho ya ho boleng bo loketseng, e leng se eketsang bokgoni ba ho tjhesa haholo kgahlanong le ho phalla ha metsi a tlwaelehileng.
Bopaki bo bonts'ang bopaki bo bontša hore ho sebelisa litharollo tsa polymer tse nang le viscosity e phahameng ho fella ka ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ka sekhahla sa 5%-10%, empa ho ka fihla ho 23% lithutong tse laoloang tsa microfluidic tse sebelisang 0.1% PAM. Ntlafatso ena e fetolela melemo e bonahalang tekanyong ea tšimo, haholo-holo ha li-polymer li entsoe ho mamella liphephetso tsa mocheso le letsoai tse atileng ho batlisisong ea oli le khase metsing a tebileng.
Phello ea Viscosity ea Polyacrylamide ho Hoholo ha ho Fetisoa ha Oli
Viscosity e fepeloang ke polyacrylamide ke mokhanni oa mantlha oa ts'ebetso mekhoeng e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ka lik'hemik'hale, e laolang ho fihla le ho tšoana ha moroallo o kenngoeng. Lithuto tsa laboratori, tsa tšimo le tsa ketsiso li totobatsa mekhoa e 'maloa eo viscosity e eketsehileng ea polyacrylamide e eketsang ho falla ha oli ka eona:
- Taolo e Ntlafetseng ea ho Tsamaea:Ho eketsa viscosity ho fokotsa ka katleho karolelano ea ho tsamaea ha metsi le oli, ho thibela ho penya menoana le ho tsamaisana ha menoana ha ka nako e ts'oanang ho ntlafatsa ho kopana le oli e neng e sa phutholoha pele.
- Ho Ntlafatsa ho Falla ha Metsi Matlong a sa Tšoaneng:Khanyetso e phahameng ea phallo e qobella karolo e ka pele e fallelang libakeng tse nang le monyetla o tlase oa ho kenella ha metsi, e leng se etsang hore ho be le li-hydrocarbon tse sa kang tsa fetoloa.
- Ho Tsamaea ho Kopanetsoeng le Litlamorao tsa ho Tšoara Methapo ea Mali:Ha e kopantswe le disebediswa tse ding (mohlala, di-nanoparticles, di-gel tse nang le makala), ditsamaiso tsa polyacrylamide tse nang le viscosity e phahameng di bontsha ntlafatso e eketsehileng bokgoning ba ho tjhesa le ba ho falla, haholoholo tlasa maemo a mocheso o phahameng kapa a letswai le phahameng.
Mohlala, metsoako ea polymer/nano-SiO₂ e bontšitse viscosity ea ho fihla ho 181 mPa·s ho 90°C, e leng se etsang hore e be e loketseng maemo a tebileng a metsi moo HPAM e tloaelehileng e ka senyehang kapa ea tsoakoa haholo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, polyacrylamide e kopantsoeng le polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) e sebetsa hantle ho feta li-polymer tse seng tsa hybrid ho boloka viscosity tlas'a khatello ea metsi a letsoai le mocheso. Tsoelo-pele ena e lumella lits'ebetso tsa masimo a likhohola tsa polymer tse tšepahalang le tse sebetsang hantle, tse lebisang ka kotloloho ho falla ha oli e ngata matamong a thata.
Qetellong, bokhoni ba ho lekanya le ho ntlafatsa viscosity ea tharollo ea polyacrylamide ka nepo—ho sebelisoa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho lekanya viscosity ea tharollo ea polymer le lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya viscosity ea oli tse ka hare—e ntse e le motheo oa merero ea likhohola tsa polymer e atlehileng le e theko e tlaase masimong a oli le khase a sejoale-joale.
Melao-motheo le Mekhoa ea Tekanyo ea Viscosity ea Tharollo ea Polymer
Tekanyo ea ho teteana ke ea bohlokoa ho pholisong ea oli e ntlafalitsoeng ea likhohola tsa polymer (EOR), e susumetsang ho tsamaea ha mokelikeli, katleho ea ho phunya ka lik'hemik'hale libakeng tsa polokelo ea oli, le katleho e akaretsang ea mekhoa ea ho phunya oli e ntlafalitsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale. Polyacrylamide le lintho tse tsoang ho eona tse kang hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) ke li-polymer tse sebelisoang hangata. Tharollo ea bona ea rheology - haholo-holo viscosity - e ama ka kotloloho ntlafatso ea katleho ea ho phunya ha likhohola tsa polymer, haholo-holo tlas'a mocheso o feteletseng le letsoai le tloaelehileng la nts'etsopele ea oli le khase metsing a tebileng.
Li-Viscometer tsa Capillary
Li-viscometer tsa capillary li fumana viscometer ka ho lekanya phallo ea tharollo ea polymer ka har'a tube e moqotetsane tlas'a khatello kapa matla a khoheli a behiloeng esale pele. Mokhoa ona o bonolo ebile o sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa liteko tsa kamehla tsa viscometer tsa oli tsa maro a kang a metsi ho isa ho a mahareng a viscometer. Viscometer e tloaelehileng ea capillary e nka boitšoaro ba Newtonian, e etsa hore e tšepahale bakeng sa taolo ea boleng moo sekhahla sa ho kuta ha litharollo tsa polymer se lulang se le tlase haholo 'me meaho e sa senyeha haholo.
Meeli:
- Li-polymer tse seng tsa Newtonian:Bongata ba li-polymer tsa EOR li bontša mekhoa ea ho fokotsa ho beola le ea viscoelastic eo mekhoa ea khale ea capillary e sa e fumaneng, e leng se bakang ho nyenyefatsa kapa ho se hlalose hantle viscosity ea tšimo ea 'nete.
- Litlamorao tsa ho ata ha bongata ba 'mele le mahloriso:Litekanyo tsa viscometer tsa capillary li ka sekamisoa litharollong tsa polymer tse nang le kabo e fapaneng ea boima ba limolek'hule, kapa metswakong e hlapolotsoeng/e rarahaneng e tloaelehileng ts'ebetsong ea tšimo.
- Ho rarahana ha ho tšesaane ha elastocapillary:Leha di-rheometer tsa katoloso tse tabohang ka hara capillary di ka hlahloba viscosity ya katoloso, diphetho di itshetlehile haholo hodima jiometri le diparamente tse sebediswang, e leng se eketsang ho se tsitse diphethong tsa metsi a metsi a polymer.
Li-Viscometer tse potolohang
Li-viscometer tse potolohang ke lejoe la motheo bakeng saTlhahlobo ea viscosity ea tharollo ea polyacrylamidelilaboratoring le libakeng tsa fektheri ea liteko. Lisebelisoa tsena li sebelisa spindle e potolohang kapa bob e qoelitsoeng sampole, e lekanya ho hanyetsa motsamao ho pholletsa le mefuta e fapaneng ea sekhahla sa ho kuta se behiloeng.
Matla:
- Ho ikamahanya le ho hlalosa mekhoa e seng ea Newtonian, joalo ka ho fokotsa ho kuta, moo ho teteana ho fokotsehang ha sekhahla sa ho kuta se ntse se eketseha—e leng tšobotsi e khethollang boholo ba metsi a mangata a polymer a tletseng metsi a EOR.
- Lumella ho kenya mohlala (mohlala, molao oa motlakase, Bingham) ho lekanya ho itšetleha ha viscosity ka sekhahla sa ho beola.
- Tšehetsa tlhahlobo ea mocheso le letsoai ka ho etsisa maemo a kang a letamo le ho shebella liphello tsa 'ona holim'a ho teteana ha metsi.
Mehlala:
- Ha ho na le sekhahla se phahameng sa ho kgaola kapa mocheso o phahameng/letswai, HPAM le di-polymer tse ikgethileng di a senyeha kapa di a otloloha, e leng se fokotsang viscosity e sebetsang; mekgwa ena e bonahala habonolo ho viscometry e potolohang.
- Li-rheometer tse potolohang li ka etsisa maemo a khatello a lebeletsoeng a ho theoha ho lekola tahlehelo ea viscosity le ho senyeha ha ketane—e leng tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa liteko tsa viscosity tsa polymer tse sebetsang hantle le khetho e matla ea polymer.
Tekanyo ea Viscosity e ka Hare: Mekhoa ea Sejoale-joale le Lisebelisoa
Lisebelisoa tsa ho Lekanya Viscosity tse ka Hare: Tlhaloso le Ts'ebetso
Li-viscometer tsa sejoale-joale tse ka hare li entsoe bakeng sa ho qoelisoa ka ho toba meleng ea ts'ebetso, li fana ka tlhahlobo e tsoelang pele ea viscosity ntle le tlhoko ea ho sitisoa ha sampole. Mahlale a mantlha a kenyelletsa:
Li-Viscometer tse thothomelang:Disebediswa tse kang di-viscometer tsa Lonnmeter di sebedisa dielemente tse sisinyehang tse qoedisitsweng ka hara tharollo ya polymer. Bongata le ho nyenyefatsa ha ho thothomela ho amana ka ho toba le ho teteana le ho teteana, ho dumella tekanyo e tshepahalang maro a mekhahlelo e mengata kapa a seng a Newtonian jwalo ka ditharollo tsa polyacrylamide. Tsena di tiile kgahlanong le mocheso o phahameng le kgatello, mme di loketse hantle mesebetsi ya oli.
Melemo ea Tlhokomelo e Tsoelang Pele ea Inthanete Ts'ebetsong ea Likhohola tsa Polymer
Ho fetohela tekanyong e tsoelang pele, e otlolohileng ea viscosity lits'ebetsong tsa masimo a likhohola tsa polymer ho fana ka melemo ea ts'ebetso ea maemo a mangata:
Bokgoni bo Ntlafaditsweng ba ho Fiela:Ho beha leihlo kamehla ho nolofalletsa ho kenella ka potlako haeba viscosity ea polymer e lelera ka ntle ho sebaka se loketseng, ho eketsa karolelano ea ho tsamaea le ho falla ha oli nakong ea likhohola tsa polymer mananeo a ntlafalitsoeng a ho khutlisa oli.
Liphetoho tsa Ts'ebetso e Iketsang:Lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya viscosity ea oli tse hokahaneng le li-platform tsa SCADA li thusa taolo ea loop e koetsoeng, moo tekanyo kapa mocheso li ka fetoloang ka bohona ho arabela tlhahlobo ea viscosity ea tharollo ea polyacrylamide ea nako ea sebele. Sena se eketsa botsitso ba ts'ebetso, se boloka motsoako oa sehlahisoa ka har'a litlhaloso tse thata (± 0.5% lithutong tse ling tsa linyeoe), 'me se fokotsa litšila tsa polymer.
Nako e Fokotseng ea ho se sebetse le ho Sebetsa:Mekhoa e iketsang, e hokahaneng e nkela ho nka disampole tse etsoang ka letsoho sebaka, e potlakisa nako ea karabelo le ho fokotsa tlhoko ea basebetsi ba masimong ba inehetseng litekong tsa kamehla.
Ts'ebetso le Bokgoni ba Litšenyehelo:Jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe ke ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha diindasteri tse kang Solartron 7827 le ViscoPro 2100 ya CVI, ho lekola viscosity e tswelang pele ho ka eketsa tlhahiso ya oli ka ho fihla ho 20%, ho fokotsa tshebediso ya polymer, le ho ntlafatsa bokgoni ba reactor kapa seliba ka taolo e nepahetseng ya boleng.
Lintlha tse Ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa Tlhahlobo:Melapo ea data ea nako ea sebele e matlafatsa tlhahlobo e tsoetseng pele, ho tloha ntlafatsong ea ts'ebetso ea kamehla ho isa tlhokomelong ea lintho tse boletsoeng esale pele, e ntlafatsang haholo katleho ea litšenyehelo le ho bolela esale pele ha ts'ebetso ea likhohola tsa polymer.
Mekhoa ea Bohlokoa ea Tshebetso bakeng sa ho Khetha Lisebelisoa tsa ho Lekanya Viscosity ea Oli bakeng sa Tšebeliso ea Masimong
Ha ho kgethwa disebediswa bakeng sa ho lekanya viscosity bakeng sa di-polymer tse ntlafaditsweng tsa ho fumana oli dibakeng tse thata le tse hole tsa oli, maemo ana a bohlokwa haholo:
Ho Tšoarella le ho Hanela Tikoloho:Disebediswa di lokela ho mamella mocheso o phahameng, kgatello e phahameng (HTHP), maro a senyang, le dikarolwana tse kgopameng tse tlwaelehileng dibakeng tse tebileng tsa metsi. Tshepe e sa ruseng le dikoahelo tse kwahetsweng ka ntle, jwalo ka Rheonics SRV, di bohlokwa bakeng sa bophelo bo bolelele.
Ho nepahala ha Tekanyo le Botsitso:Tefo ea qeto e phahameng le mocheso lia hlokahala kaha ho kheloha ho honyenyane ho viscosity ho ka ama haholo katleho ea ho sweep le ho hlaphoheloa ha oli. Lisebelisoa li lokela ho ba le ho nepahala ho tlalehiloeng ho feta mocheso oa ts'ebetso le maemo a khatello.
Ho Kopanya le ho Itokisa ka Boiketsetso:Ho tsamaellana le SCADA, IoT telemetry, le libese tsa data tsa dijithale bakeng sa ho beha leihlo hole joale ke tebello ea mantlha. Batla mekhoa ea ho itlhoekisa, ho lekanya dijithale, le phetiso e sireletsehileng ea data ho fokotsa tlhokomelo.
Bokhoni ba Ts'ebetso e Tsoelang Pele:Lisebelisoa li tlameha ho sebetsa ntle le ho koaloa khafetsa kapa ho hlophisoa bocha, ho fana ka ts'ebetso ea nako le nako le ho fokotsa litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso - senotlolo bakeng sa ho kenya lisebelisoa tse se nang batho kapa tse ka tlas'a leoatle.
Ho Latela Melao le ho Latela Indasteri:Lisebelisoa li lokela ho fihlela maemo a machaba a polokeho, ho lumellana ha motlakase le lisebelisoa tsa ts'ebetso joalo ka ha li qobelloa lefapheng la oli le khase.
Tšebeliso ea lefats'e la 'nete e hloka hore lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea viscosity tse ka hare li be matla, li iketsahalle ka boiketsetso, li lokele marang-rang, 'me li nepahale—li fane ka taolo ea viscosity e sa khaotseng e le lejoe la motheo la EOR ea sejoale-joale le lipatlisiso tsa oli le khase metsing a tebileng.
Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa mabapi le Taolo ea Viscosity ea Tharollo ea Polyacrylamide
Taolo e sebetsang ea ho teteana e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli e ntlafalitsoeng ka moroallo oa polymer (EOR), haholo-holo nts'etsopele ea oli le khase metsing a tebileng moo lintho tse bakang khatello ea tikoloho li leng bohlokoa. Tlhahlobo ea ho teteana ha tharollo ea Polyacrylamide e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fihlelleng katleho e reriloeng ea ho phunya matamo a oli.
Mabaka a Susumetsang Tharollo ea Polyacrylamide ho Phapang Maemong a Metsi a Tebileng
Letsoai
- Litlamorao tse Phahameng tsa Letsoai:Matamo a metsi a tebileng hangata a na lemahloriso a letsoai, ho kenyeletsoa le di-cation tsa monovalent (Na⁺) le divalent (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺). Li-ion tsena li hatella lera le habeli la motlakase ho potoloha liketane tsa polyacrylamide, li baka ho kobeha le ho fokotsa viscosity ea tharollo. Di-cation tsa divalent li na le phello e ikhethang, li fokotsa viscosity haholo le ho fokotsa katleho ea ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea ho phunya ha polymer moroallo.
- Mohlala:Maemong a masimo a kang letamo la Qinghai Gasi, ho ne ho hlokahala litsamaiso tsa polymer le surfactant-polymer (SP) tse etselitsoeng motho ka mong ho fihlella ho boloka viscosity le ho boloka bokgoni ba ho sweep libakeng tse nang le letsoai le lengata.
- Ho senyeha ha mocheso:Lithempereichara tse phahameng matamong a metsi a tebileng li potlakisa hydrolysis le ho senyeha ha liketane tsa polyacrylamide. Litharollo tse tloaelehileng tsa polyacrylamide (HPAM) tse nang le hydrolyzed li lahleheloa ke viscosity ka potlako ha boima ba limolek'hule bo fokotseha tlas'a khatello ea mocheso.
- Litharollo tsa ho Tsitsisa Thermal:Mekhoa ea HPAM e nang le nanocomposite, e nang le li-nanoparticles tse kopantsoeng (tse kang silica kapa alumina), e bontšitse botsitso bo eketsehileng ba mocheso, e boloka viscosity hamolemo mochesong o fihlang ho 90°C le ho feta.
- Tšusumetso ea Mekaniki:Sekhahla se phahameng sa ho kgaola ha oli ka lebaka la ho pompa, ho enta, kapa ho phalla ka hara dibopeho tse nang le masoba se baka ho kgaoha ha diketane tsa polymer, e leng se lebisang tahlehelong e kgolo ya viscosity. Ho feta ha pompo ka makgetlo a mangata ho ka fokotsa viscosity ka ho fihla ho 50%, e leng se fokotsang bokgoni ba ho kgutlisa oli.
- Boitšoaro ba ho Fokotsa ho Koahela:Litharollo tsa Polyacrylamide li bontša ho fokotsa ho kuta ha moriri—ho teteana hoa fokotseha ha sekhahla sa ho kuta se ntse se eketseha. Sena se lokela ho nahanoa lits'ebetsong tsa masimo a likhohola tsa polymer, kaha litekanyo tsa viscosity ka sekhahla se fapaneng sa ho kuta li ka fapana haholo.
- Tšusumetso ea Litšila:Metsi a metsi a metsi a letamo le a hlahisoang ke oli hangata a na le litšila tse kang tšepe, sulfide, kapa hydrocarbons. Tsena li ka baka ho senyeha ho eketsehileng kapa pula litharollong tsa polymer, e leng se thatafatsang taolo ea viscosity.
- Ho sitisa Litlatsetso:Likamano tsa lik'hemik'hale pakeng tsa polyacrylamide le li-surfactants kapa li-crosslinking agents li ka fetola boemo ba viscosity bo lebelletsoeng, ebang ke ho ntlafatsa kapa ho sitisa ts'ebetso ea EOR.
- Khetho ea Polymer e Ikhethileng:Ho kgetha mefuta e fapaneng ya HPAM kapa ho ntshetsa pele di-copolymer tsa polyacrylamide tse nang le sulfonated tse loketseng ho latela letswai le mocheso o lebelletsweng ho ntlafatsa ho boloka viscosity. Mekhoa ya ho lekanya viscosity ya tharollo ya polymer e thehilweng laboratoring e tataisa kgetho ya pele, empa data ya tshimo e tlameha ho netefatsa diphetho tlasa maemo a sebele a tshebetso.
- Ho kopanngoa ha lintho tse kang Nanomaterials:Ho kenyelletsa li-nanoparticles—tse kang SiO₂, Al₂O₃, kapa nanocellulose—ho ntlafatsa khanyetso ea polymer khahlanong le ho senyeha ha mocheso le mechine, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe litekong tsa likhohola tsa nanocomposite. Mokhoa ona o ntse o sebelisoa ka ho eketsehileng ho loantša litlamorao tse mpe tse bakoang ke ho ba thata ha matamo.
- Taolo ea Matšoafo a Ion:Ho fokotsa boemo ba divalent cations ka ho phekola ka metsi kapa ho hlatswa pele ka metsi a bonolo ho fokotsa ho hokahanya ha ionic mme ho boloka katoloso ya ketane ya polymer, ka hona ho eketsa viscosity e kentsweng.
- Ho lumellana ha Surfactant le Cross-linker:Ho fetola sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tsa li-surfactants kapa li-cross-linkers ho tlatsana le mofuta o ka sehloohong oa polymer ho qoba pula le ho theoha ha viscosity ho sa lebelloang.
- Ho Fokotsa ho Hlahisoa ha Shear:Ho etsa boenjiniere ba sistimi ea ente (ho sebelisoa lipompo tse sehiloeng ka bonolo, ho kopanya ka bonolo le ho kopanya liphaephe ka mokhoa o boreleli) ho fokotsa ho sekama ha ketane ea polymer. Ho rala litsela tse nang le metsi a mangata ho fokotsa phallo e ferekanyang le hona ho thusa ho boloka viscosity.
- Ho Sebelisa Lisebelisoa tsa ho Lekanya Viscosity ea Oli e ka Hare:Ho sebelisa li-inline viscosity metres kapa viscosity metres tse sebetsang ka ho toba (VVM) ho lumella ho beha leihlo ka nako ea sebele viscosity ea polyacrylamide nakong ea ente, ho nolofalletsa likarabo tse potlakileng tahlehelong efe kapa efe ea viscosity.
- Mekhoa ea ho Lekola Viscosity:Ho kopanya lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea viscosity ea oli ea laboratori le tekanyo ea tšimo e kahare ho fana ka botlalotaolo ea ho hlaka ha mahlosistimi, ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka botsitso ho tloha polokelong ho isa ho keneng ha letamo.
- Mehlala ea Viscosity e Tsamaiswang ke Data:Ho kenya tshebetsong mehlala e matla, e tsamaiswang ke data e ikarabellang bakeng sa mocheso, letsoai, le ditlamorao tsa ho beola ho nolofalletsa ntlafatso ya diparamitha tsa ente—maikutlo a polymer, sekgahla sa ente, le tatellano—ka nako ya sebele.
- Li-CMG tse Ikamahanyang le Maemo kapa Li-Eclipse Simulations:Li-simulator tse tsoetseng pele tsa matamo a polokelo li sebelisa boleng ba viscosity bo lekantsoeng le bo etselitsoeng mohlala ho fetola mekhoa ea likhohola, ho ntlafatsa katleho ea ho phunya matamo a oli, le ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea polymer ka ho senyeha kapa ho monngoa.
- Netefatso ea Tšimo:Masimong a metsi a tebileng a Kou ea Bohai le Leoatle la Boroa la Chaena, lits'ebetso tsa liteko li sebelisitse HPAM ea nanocomposite e nang le tlhokomelo ea viscosity e kahare ho fihlella likhohola tsa polymer tse tsitsitseng, tse sebetsang hantle tlas'a mocheso o feteletseng le letsoai.
- Katleho ea Likhohola tsa SP:Matamo a leoatle a nang le mocheso o phahameng le letsoai le phahameng a tlalehile lintlafatso tsa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ho fihla ho 15% kamora ntlafatso ea viscosity ea polymer ka metsoako ea SP le botsitso ba nanoparticle.
Thempereichara
Ho senyeha ha ho kuta
Litšila le Tšebelisano ea Lik'hemik'hale
Maano a ho Boloka Polacrylamide e Tsitsitseng e Tsitsitseng Nakong ea Ente
Ntlafatso ea Sebopeho
Tsamaiso ea Electrolyte le Additive
Mekhoa ea Mekaniki le ea Ts'ebetso
Ho Etsa Mekhoa le Phetoho e Matla
Mehlala e tsoang ho Likopo tsa Tšimo
Tekanyo e sebetsang ea ho teteana bakeng sa li-polymer tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli e hloka taolo e hlokolosi ea lintlha tsena tse susumetsang le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale - ho tloha ho tlhophisong ho isa ho tlhokomelo e otlolohileng - ho netefatsa katleho ea likhohola tsa polymer libakeng tse thata tsa ho batla oli le khase metsing a tebileng.
Polyacrylamide ho Ntlafatsa Pholiso ea Oli
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Ho netefatsa Tshebetso e Tsitsitseng ya Polymer: Diphephetso le Ditharollo
Mekgwa e ntlafetseng ya ho fumana oli ka moroallo wa polymer ho phuputsong ya oli le kgase metsing a tebileng e tobane le ditshitiso tse ngata tsa tshebetso tse ka fokodisang bokgoni ba ho tjhesa le tshebediso ya polymer. Ho boloka viscosity e ntle ya tharollo ya polyacrylamide ho bohlokwa haholo, kaha esita le diphapang tse nyane di ka fokotsa tshebetso ya matamo le moruo wa projeke.
Liphephetso tsa Ts'ebetso
1. Ho senyeha ha Mekaniki
Li-polymer tsa Polyacrylamide li kotsing ea ho senyeha ha mechine nakong eohle ea ts'ebetso ea ente le phallo. Matla a ho kuta a phahameng—a tloaelehileng lipompong, mela ea ente, le metsong e nang le masoba a manyenyane—a roba liketane tse telele tsa polymer, e leng se fokotsang viscosity haholo. Mohlala, li-polymer tsa HPAM tse boima bo phahameng ba limolek'hule (>10 MDa) li ka ba le ho theoha ho matla ha boima ba limolek'hule (ka linako tse ling ho theohela ho 200 kDa) kamora ho feta ka har'a lisebelisoa tse nang le ho kuta ho phahameng kapa lefikeng le tiileng la polokelo. Phokotso ena e fetolela ho lahleheloa ke bokhoni ba ho phunya le taolo e fokolang ea ho tsamaea, qetellong e lebisang ho pholisong e tlase ea oli e ntseng e eketseha. Lithempereichara tse phahameng le oksijene e qhibilihileng li mpefatsa sekhahla sa ho senyeha, leha liphetoho khatellong le letsoai li sa susumetse hakaalo moelelong ona.
2. Ho monya le ho boloka metsi ka hara letamo
Limolek'hule tsa Polyacrylamide li ka monngoa kapa tsa qabelloa holim'a liminerale ka har'a lefika la polokelo, e leng se fokotsang mahloriso a polymer a atlehang a jalang ka har'a mecha ea phatlalatso e nang le masoba. Lejoeng la lehlabathe, ho monngoa ha 'mele, ho kenngoa ha mechine, le likamano tsa motlakase li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa. Libaka tse nang le letsoai le lengata, tse atileng haholo nts'etsopele ea oli le khase metsing a tebileng, li eketsa litlamorao tsena, ha meaho ea mafika a robehileng e thatafatsa ho feta ha polymer - ka linako tse ling e fokotsa ho bolokoa empa ka litšenyehelo tsa ho ts'oana ha sweep. Ho monngoa ho feteletseng ha ho fokotse feela katleho ea tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale empa hape ho ka fetola viscosity ea in-situ, ho senya taolo e reriloeng ea ho tsamaea.
3. Tharollo Botsofali le ho Tsamaellana ha Lik'hemik'hale
Litharollo tsa polymer li ka senyeha ka lik'hemik'hale kapa ka baeloji pele, nakong ea ente le ka mor'a eona. Li-cation tse arohaneng (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) metsing a bopehileng li thusa ho hokahanya le ho na ha pula ka potlako, e leng se lebisang ho fokotseheng ho hoholo ha viscosity. Ho se lumellane le letsoai kapa metsi a thata ho thatafatsa ho boloka viscosity. Ho feta moo, boteng ba likokoana-hloko tse itseng bo ka baka ho senyeha ha biogradation, haholo-holo maemong a ho sebelisa metsi hape a hlahisitsoeng. Lithempereichara tsa letamo le ho fumaneha ha oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng li eketsa kotsi ea ho robeha ha ketane e tsamaisoang ke free-radical, e leng se tlatsetsang botsofaling le tahlehelong ea viscosity.
Taolo ea Ts'ebetso ka Tekanyo e Tsoelang Pele ea Viscosity
Tekanyo e tsoelang pele ea viscosity e otlolohilengle taolo ea maikutlo a iketsahalletseng ka nako ea sebele ke mekhoa e pakiloeng tšimong bakeng sa ho netefatsa boleng ba ts'ebetso ea likhohola tsa polymer. Lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho lekanya viscosity ea oli tse kahare, joalo ka meter ea viscosity e tsamaisoang ke data (VVM), li fana ka lipalo tse iketsahalletseng, tse tsoelang pele tsa viscosity ea tharollo ea polymer libakeng tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso. Lisebelisoa tsena li sebetsa hammoho le litekanyo tsa setso tsa laboratori le tsa kantle ho naha, li fana ka boemo bo felletseng ba viscosity ho pholletsa le ts'ebetso ea ho hlaphoheloa ha oli e ntlafalitsoeng ke lik'hemik'hale.
Melemo le ditharollo tsa bohlokwa tse sebediswang ke ditsamaiso tsena di kenyeletsa:
- Ho Fokotsa ho Senyeha ha Mekaniki:Ka ho lekola viscosity ka nako ea sebele, basebetsi ba ka fetola sekhahla sa pompo le ho hlophisa bocha lisebelisoa tsa bokaholimo ho fokotsa ho pepesehela ho beola. Mohlala, ho lemoha kapele ho theoha ha viscosity—e leng se bontšang ho senyeha ha polymer ho tlang—ho baka mekhoa ea ho kenella hang-hang mosebetsing, ho boloka botšepehi ba polyacrylamide.
- Ho Laola Likotsi tsa ho Monya le ho Boloka:Ka data e atisang ho ba teng ea viscosity e iketsang, libanka tsa polymer le liprotheine tsa ente li ka fetoloa ka mokhoa o feto-fetohang. Sena se netefatsa hore mahloriso a polymer a sebetsang hantle a kenang ka har'a letamo a eketsa katleho ea ho phunya, e leng se buseletsang tahlehelo ea tšimo e bonoang ho boloka.
- Ho Boloka ho Tsamaellana ha Lik'hemik'hale Tikolohong e Matla:Tekanyo ea viscosity e ka hare bakeng sa li-polymer tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli e lumella ho lemoha ka potlako liphetoho tsa viscosity ka lebaka la sebopeho sa letsoai kapa botsofali ba tharollo. Basebelisi ba ka fetola mekhoa ea polymer pele ho nako kapa tatellano ea li-slugs tsa lik'hemik'hale ho boloka thepa ea rheological, ho thibela mathata a ente le libaka tse sa lekanang tsa ho falla.
- Tekanyo e Tloaelehileng ea Inline:Kopanya tekanyo ea viscosity ea inthanete e sebelisoang khafetsa ho pholletsa le ketane ea ho tlisa lintho—ho tloha litlolong ho ea ho ente le hloohong ea seliba.
- Taolo ea Ts'ebetso e Laoloang ke Lintlha:Sebelisa litsamaiso tsa karabelo tse iketsang tse fetolang tekanyo ea polymer, ho kopanya, kapa liparamente tsa ts'ebetso ka nako ea sebele ho netefatsa hore tharollo e kenngoeng e fihlela ho viscous e reriloeng ka ho ts'oanang.
- Khetho le ho Hlophisa Polima:Kgetha di-polymer tse entsweng bakeng sa botsitso ba ho kuta/ho futhumatsa mme di tsamaellana le tikoloho ya ionic ya letamo. Sebedisa di-polymer tse fetotsweng hodima metsi kapa tse kopantsweng (mohlala, HPAM e nang le di-nanoparticles kapa dintlafatso tsa sehlopha se sebetsang) ha di-cation tse nang le letswai le phahameng kapa di-divalent di ke ke tsa thibelwa.
- Lisebelisoa tse ntlafalitsoeng ka ho beola:Rala le ho hlahloba likarolo tsa sebaka sa bokaholimo khafetsa (lipompo, li-valve, lithapo) ho fokotsa ho pepesehela khatello ea ho lahla, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe ke tlhahlobo ea tšimo le ea mohlala.
- Netefatso e Tloaelehileng ea Tšela-Tšela:Netefatsa liphetho tsa tekanyo ea viscosity inthaneteng ka tlhahlobo ea viscosity ea tharollo ea polyacrylamide e thehiloeng laboratoring nako le nako le rheology ea sampole ea tšimo.
Litlhahiso tsa Tsamaiso ea Viscosity e Pakiloeng Tšimong
Ho latela mekhoa ena e metle ts'ebelisong ea masimo a likhohola tsa polymer ho tšehetsa ka kotloloho katleho e tšepahalang ea ho phunya matamo a oli, ho boloka ts'ebetso ea projeke ea ho khutlisa oli e ntlafalitsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale, le ho ntlafatsa nts'etsopele ea masimo a oli le khase libakeng tse thata tsa metsi a tebileng.
Ho Eketsa Bokgoni ba ho Finyella ka ho Ntlafatsa Viscosity
Bokgoni ba ho tjhesa ke karolo ya bohlokwa katlehong ya maano a ntlafatso ya ho kgutlisa oli (EOR), haholoholo dikgohola tsa polymer. E hlalosa hore na mokelikeli o kentsweng o feta jwang ka hara letamo, o tloha ho ente ho ya didibeng tsa tlhahiso, mme o tlosa oli dibakeng tse nang le metsi a mangata le a tlase. Bokgoni bo phahameng ba ho tjhesa bo netefatsa hore ho na le kgokagano e tshwanang le e pharaletseng pakeng tsa di-agent tse kentsweng le oli e setseng, e fokotsa dibaka tse fetisitsweng le ho eketsa ho falla le ho kgutlisa oli.
Kamoo Ntlafatso ea Viscosity e Ntlafatsang Bokhoni ba ho Finyella
Li-polymer tse thehiloeng ho Polyacrylamide, tseo hangata li nang le hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ka moroallo oa polymer. Li-polymer tsena li eketsa viscosity ea metsi a kenngoeng, ka hona li fokotsa karolelano ea ho tsamaea (ho tlosa ho tsamaea ha mokelikeli khahlanong le ho tsamaea ha oli ka moroallo). Karolelano ea ho tsamaea e ka tlase ho kapa e lekanang le e le 'ngoe ea bohlokoa; e thibela ho thibana ha menoana 'me e fokotsa ho potoloha ha metsi, e leng mathata a atisang ho bonoa nakong ea ho phalla ha metsi ka tloaelo. Sephetho ke lebōpo la moroallo le tsitsitseng le le tsoelang pele, e leng la bohlokoa bakeng sa katleho e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho phunya ha moroallo oa polymer matamong a oli.
Tsoelo-pele ea ho etsa polymer—ho kenyeletsoa le ho eketsoa ha li-nanoparticles tse kang nano-SiO₂—li na le taolo e ntlafalitsoeng ea viscosity. Mohlala, litsamaiso tsa nano-SiO₂-HPAM li theha meaho ea marang-rang a hokahana tharollong, e ntlafatsang viscosity le ho tenyetseha haholo. Liphetoho tsena li ntlafatsa katleho ea macroscopic sweep ka ho khothaletsa ho falla ho ts'oanang haholoanyane le ho thibela phallo ka har'a liteishene tse nang le phallo e phahameng, ka hona li shebane le oli e neng e tla khelosoa. Lithuto tsa masimo le tsa laboratori li bontša keketseho e tloaelehileng ea 6% ea ho hlaphoheloa ha oli le phokotso ea 14% khatellong ea ente ka litsamaiso tse ntlafalitsoeng ke nano ha li bapisoa le likhohola tsa polymer tse tloaelehileng, tse fetolelang phokotsong ea tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale le melemo ea tikoloho.
Libakeng tsa polokelo tse nang le mefuta e fapaneng ea lintho, mekhoa ea ho kenya polymer ka potoloho—joalo ka ho fapanyetsana li-slugs tsa litharollo tsa polymer tse nang le letsoai le tlaase le tse nang le letsoai le phahameng—e nolofatsa ntlafatso ea viscosity ea in-situ. Mokhoa ona o hlophisitsoeng ka mekhahlelo o sebetsana le liphephetso tsa ho kenya polymer haufi le liliba 'me o fihlella liprofaele tse lakatsehang tsa viscosity e phahameng tse tebileng ka hare ho sebopeho, o eketsa bokhoni ba ho sweep ntle le ho beha tšebetso kotsing.
Likamano tse Palo pakeng tsa Viscosity, Sweep, le Oli Recovery
Diphuputso tse pharaletseng le ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha masimo ho theha dikgokelo tse hlakileng tsa bongata pakeng tsa viscosity ya tharollo ya polymer, bokgoni ba ho sweep, le ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ka ho feletseng. Diteko tsa dikgohola le tsa rheological di bontsha ka mehla hore ho eketsa viscosity ya polymer ho ntlafatsa ho hlaphoheloa; mohlala, ho phahamisa viscosity ya tharollo ho 215 mPa·s ho bontshitswe ho phahamisa dintlha tsa ho hlaphoheloa ho feta 71%, e leng se bontshang ntlafatso ya 40% ha ho bapiswa le metheo ya metsi a phallang. Leha ho le jwalo, ho na le molemo o sebetsang: ho feta meedi e loketseng ya viscosity ho ka sitisa ho kenngwa tshebetsong kapa ho eketsa ditjeo tsa tshebetso ntle le melemo e lekanang ya ho hlaphoheloa.
Ho feta moo, ho bapisa kapa ho feta hanyane viscosity ea oli e tala e sebakeng seo le tharollo ea polymer e kenngoeng—e bitsoang ntlafatso ea karolelano ea viscous/gravity—ho ipakile ho le bohlokoa haholo ntlafatsong ea oli le khase tse sa tšoaneng le tse tebileng metsing a tebileng. Mokhoa ona o eketsa ho falla ha oli ka ho leka-lekanya matla a capillary, matla a khoheli le a viscous, joalo ka ha ho pakoa ke ketsiso (mohlala, mehlala ea UTCHEM) le data ea tšimo ea lefats'e la 'nete.
Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahlobo, ho kenyeletsoa lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya viscosity ea oli e ka hare le liteko tsa viscosity tsa polymer tse sebetsang hantle, li nolofalletsa tlhahlobo e matla ea viscosity ea tharollo ea polyacrylamide nakong ea ts'ebetso ea EOR. Lisebelisoa tsena ke tsa bohlokoa ntlafatsong e tsoelang pele, e lumellang liphetoho tsa nako ea sebele le ho boloka katleho e phahameng ea ho phunya nakong eohle ea bophelo ba moroallo.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, ntlafatso e hlophisehileng ea viscosity ea polymer e nang le likhohola—e tšehelitsoeng ke tekanyo ea viscosity e sebetsang tšimong bakeng sa li-polymer tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli le e tšehetsoang ke mohlala o rarahaneng haholoanyane—e eme e le lejoe la motheo bakeng sa ho eketsa katleho ea ho phunya le melemo ea ho hlaphoheloa ka kakaretso maemong a rarahaneng a oli le khase, haholo-holo libakeng tse tebileng tsa metsi.
Ho kenya tshebetsong ha moroallo wa polymer inMasimo a Oli le Khase a Metsing a Tebileng
Tokisetso ea Polymer e Hlophisitsoeng, Ho Kopanya le Taolo ea Boleng
Ntlafatsong ea oli le khase metsing a tebileng, motheo oa katleho ea likhohola tsa polymer o ntlafalitseng ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ke ho lokisa ka hloko le ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng litharollo tse thehiloeng ho polyacrylamide. Tlhokomelo e matla boleng ba metsi e bohlokoa; tšebeliso ea metsi a hloekileng, a bonolo e thibela likamano tse sa batleheng tse fokotsang viscosity ea polyacrylamide ho khutliseng oli. Ts'ebetso ea ho qhibiliha e tlameha ho laoloa—phofo ea polymer e eketsoa butle-butle metsing ka ho sisinyeha ho itekanetseng. Ho kopanya ka potlako haholo ho baka ho senyeha ha ketane ea polymer, ha butle-butle ho fella ka ho kopana le ho thehoa ha tharollo e sa fellang.
Lebelo la ho kopanya le lokisoa ho latela mofuta oa polymer le lisebelisoa, hangata ho boloka li-RPM tse itekanetseng ho khothaletsa ho nosetsa ka botlalo le ho tšoana. Nako ea ho kopanya e netefatsoa ka ho nka sampole khafetsa le tlhahlobo ea viscosity ea tharollo ea polyacrylamide pele e kenngoa. Khokahano ea tharollo e khethoa ke litlhoko tsa polokelo 'me e baloa ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa teko ea viscosity ea oli, ho leka-lekanya pakeng tsa ntlafatso e sebetsang ea viscosity le ho qoba mathata a ho kenngoa ha eona.
Maemo a polokelo a lebopong a tlameha ho laolwa ka thata. Polyacrylamide e na le kutloelo-bohloko mochesong, khanyeng le mongobong, e hloka tikoloho e pholileng, e omileng. Lokisa ditharollo haufi le nako ya ente kamoo ho ka kgonehang ho thibela ho senyeha. Kenya tshebetsong taolo ya boleng ba tshimo ka ho nka disampole tsa kamehla le ho etsa diteko tsa viscosity tsa polymer tse sebetsang hantle sebakeng seo, o sebedisa mekgwa e tloaelehileng ya ho lekanya viscosity ya tharollo ya polymer. Lintlha tsa nako ya sebele di netefatsa hore ditharollo di dula di le ka hara dipehelo tse rerilweng, di ama ka ho toba ntlafatso ya bokgoni ba ho tjhesa metsi a polymer.
Bohlokoa ba Tlhokomelo e Tsoelang Pele le Phetoho ea Nako ea Sebele
Ho boloka tshebetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa ya tharollo ya polymer tlasa maemo a ho hlahloba oli le khase metsing a tebileng ho hloka tlhokomelo e tswelang pele ya viscosity inline. Ditheknoloji tse kang di-viscosity meters tse tsamaiswang ke data (VVMs), di-rheometer tsa ultrasonic, le disebediswa tsa ho lekanya viscosity ya oli inline di fana ka ho latela thepa ya mokelikeli ka nako ya sebele—esita le tlasa kgatello e phahameng, mocheso o phahameng (HPHT), le dibaka tse feto-fetohang tsa letsoai.
Tekanyo e otlolohileng, e tswelang pele e nolofalletsa ho lemoha diphetoho thutong ya polymer nakong ya polokelo, ho kopanya, ho tsamaisa le ho kenya. Ditsamaiso tsena di senola hang-hang tshenyeho, tshilafatso, kapa diketsahalo tsa ho hlapolla tse ka sitisang tshebediso ya masimo a metsi a polymer. Mohlala, di-sensor tsa terata e thothomelang ya downhole di fana ka diprofaele tsa viscosity tse phelang, di tshehetsa taolo e matla hodima diparamitha tsa ente ho lekana ditlhoko tsa letamo la kahare.
Basebelisi ba sebedisa maikutlo ana a nako ya sebele ho etsa diphetoho tse nepahetseng tsa tekanyo—ho fetola mahloriso a polymer, sekgahla sa ente, kapa esita le ho fetola mefuta ya polymer haeba ho hlokahala. Di-polymer tse tswetseng pele tsa nanocomposite, tse kang HPAM-SiO₂, di bontsha botsitso bo eketsehileng ba viscosity, mme disebediswa di tiisa tshebetso ya tsona ka botshepehi ho feta di-HPAM tse tlwaelehileng, haholoholo ha bokgoni ba ho tjhesa ka hara matamo a oli bo etelletswe pele.
Mekhoa e bohlale ea mokelikeli le li-platform tsa taolo ea dijithale li kopanya tekanyo ea viscosity bakeng sa li-polymer tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa ho khutlisa oli ka kotloloho ho li-skid tsa leoatleng kapa likamoreng tsa taolo. Sena se nolofalletsa ntlafatso ea mananeo a ente ka nako ea sebele, e thehiloeng ho ketsiso le ho fokotsa mathata ka potlako joalo ka tahlehelo ea ente kapa ho se ts'oane.
Mekhoa e Sireletsehileng le e Sebetsang ea ho Romela Batho Mabopong a Leoatle le Metsing a Tebileng
Ho sebelisa mekhoa ea ho khutlisa oli e ntlafalitsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale lebōpong la leoatle ho kenyelletsa litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa ts'ebetso le polokeho. Mekhoa ea ho thellisa e tloaelehileng ke mokhoa o ratoang, o fanang ka li-unit tsa ts'ebetso tse tenyetsehang, tse entsoeng esale pele tse ka kenngoang le ho atolosoa ha tšimo e ntse e fetoha. Tsena li fokotsa ho rarahana ha ho kenngoa, nako ea ho se sebetse, le litšenyehelo ha li ntse li ntlafatsa taolo ea ho kenngoa le polokeho sebakeng seo.
Mahlale a polymer a koahetsoeng a matlafatsa ente e bolokehileng le e sebetsang hantle. Li-polymer tse koahetsoeng ka masela a sireletsang li hanela ho senyeha ha tikoloho, ho kuta ha mechini, le ho nosetsa pele ho nako ho fihlela li pepesehela metsi a polokelo. Phepelo ena e reretsoeng e fokotsa tahlehelo, e netefatsa ts'ebetso e felletseng sebakeng seo e kopanang le sona, 'me e fokotsa kotsi ea ho senyeha ha ente.
Litharollo li tlameha ho hlahlojoa hape hore na lia lumellana le meralo ea motheo e teng ea ka tlas'a leoatle. Sena se kenyelletsa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa teko ea oli e tiileng sebakeng seo ho netefatsa tlhaloso pele ho kenngoa maro tsamaisong. Ho kenngoa ho tloaelehileng ho boetse ho kenyelletsa mekhoa ea ente ea Polymer-Alternating-Water (PAW), e ntlafatsang taolo ea ho tsamaea le ho fiela matamong a metsi a tebileng a sa tšoaneng kapa a arotsoeng ka likarolo.
Ho hlokahala ho latela melaoana ea polokeho ea lebopong ka tieo mohatong o mong le o mong: ho sebetsana le lik'hemik'hale tse kopaneng, ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya, tlhahlobo ea boleng, ho hloekisa sistimi le moralo oa karabelo ea tšohanyetso. Tekanyo e tsoelang pele ea viscosity ea tharollo ea polyacrylamide—ka likarolo tsa ho se sebetse hantle le tsa alamo—e netefatsa hore ho kheloha hoa tšoaroa pele ho fetoha liketsahalo tsa bophelo bo botle, polokeho, kapa tikoloho.
Li-algorithm tsa ntlafatso ea sebaka sa liliba li thusa ho tataisa maano a ho tlatsa oli, ho ntlafatsa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea polymer. Liqeto tsena tse tsamaisoang ke li-algorithm li leka-lekanya ts'ebetso ea tekheniki le lintho tse nahanoang ka tikoloho le moruo, li tšehetsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea EOR ea lebopong.
Meroallo ea polymer ea metsi a tebileng e itšetlehile ka taolo ea ho tloha pheletsong ho ea qetellong: ho tloha ho lokisoeng ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng ka ho kopanya le ho lekanya tekanyo, ka ho beha leihlo ka mokhoa o tiileng le phetoho ea nako ea sebele, ho ea ho mekhoa ea ho kenya oli ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, o kentsoeng ka har'a capsule, le o sireletsehileng lebōpong la leoatle. Karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e netefatsa ho tšepahala ha ho kenngoa ha oli, e shebane le ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ho ntlafetseng, 'me e lumellana le maemo a thata a tikoloho.
Ho Kopanya Litekanyo tsa Viscosity Ts'ebetsong ea Tšimo bakeng sa EOR e Molemohali
Mokgwa wa Mosebetsi wa ho Kopanya Tlhokomelo ya Viscosity e Kenelang Mekgwang ya Tshimo
Ho kopanya tekanyo ea viscosity e otlolohileng ho pholiso ea oli e ntlafalitsoeng (EOR) ea likhohola tsa polymer ho phuputsong ea oli le khase metsing a tebileng ho fetola mesebetsi ea tšimo ho tloha ho lisampoleng tse etsoang ka letsoho tse sa khaotseng ho ea ho karabelo e iketsahallang, e tsoelang pele. Mosebetsi o matla o kenyelletsa:
- Khetho le ho kenya sensor:Khetha disebediswa tsa ho lekanya viscosity ya oli tse kahare tse tsamaellanang le ditlhoko tsa tshebetso. Ditheknoloji di kenyeletsa di-sensor tse thothomelang tse tsamaiswang ke piezoelectric, di-viscometer tsa Couette tse potolohang inthaneteng, le di-sensor tsa acoustic rheology, e nngwe le e nngwe e loketse boitshwaro ba viscoelastic le hangata e seng ba Newtonian ba ditharollo tsa polyacrylamide tse sebediswang ho EOR.
- Tekanyo le Motheo oa Motheo:Lekanya disensara o sebedisa diprothokholo tse tswetseng pele tsa rheological, o sebedisa di-calibration tsa linear-elastic le viscoelastic ho netefatsa ho nepahala maemong a fetohang a polokelo le a dikhemikhale. Dintlha tsa tensorial tse tswang ho di-calibration tsa tensile le DMA hangata di lebisa diphethong tse tshepahalang haholoanyane, tsa bohlokwa maemong a feto-fetohang a ntshetsopele ya oli le khase metsing a tebileng.
- Ho Fumana le ho Kopanya Lintlha ka Boiketsetso:Lokisa lisebelisoa bakeng sa pokello ea data ea nako ea sebele. Kopanya le litsamaiso tsa tšimo tsa SCADA kapa DCS e le hore data ea viscosity e kopanngoa hammoho le litekanyo tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso. Mekhoa ea ho lekanya e otlolohileng le ntlafatso ea motheo e iketsang li fokotsa ho sisinyeha le ho ntlafatsa matla.
- Li-Loop tsa Maikutlo tse Tsoelang Pele:Sebelisa data ea viscosity ea nako ea sebele ho fetola tekanyo ea polymer ka mokhoa o feto-fetohang, likarolelano tsa metsi ho polymer, le sekhahla sa ente. Ho ithuta ka mochini kapa tlhahlobo e nolofalitsoeng ke AI ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale le katleho ea ho phunya matamo a oli, ho tšehetsa basebetsi ba masimong ka likhothaletso tse ka sebelisoang.
Mohlala:Morerong oa EOR o tebileng, ho nkela liteko tse thehiloeng laboratoring sebaka ka li-sensor tsa piezoelectric tse ka hare ho mola hammoho le li-viscosity metres tse bonahalang ho lebisitse ho lemoheng le ho lokisoeng ha maeto a viscosity ka potlako, ho fokotsa tšenyo ea polymer le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea ho sweep.
Tsamaiso ea Lintlha le Tlhaloso bakeng sa Tšehetso ea Liqeto
Mesebetsi ea masimo e itšetleha haholo ka ho etsa liqeto ka nako ea sebele, tse tsamaisoang ke data bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa masimo a likhohola tsa polymer. Ho kopanngoa ha tekanyo ea viscosity bakeng sa li-polymer tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ho kenyelletsa:
- Li-platform tsa Lintlha tse Bohareng:Lintlha tsa ho hlaka ha data tsa nako ea sebele li phallela matšeng a data a bohareng kapa litsamaisong tsa maru, li nolofatsa tlhahlobo ea libaka tse fapaneng le polokelo e sireletsehileng. Netefatso ea data e iketsahallang le ho lemoha lintlha tse kantle ho eona li ntlafatsa ts'epo.
- Ho sebetsana le Alamo le Mekhelo:Litemoso tse iketsahallang li tsebisa basebetsi le baenjiniere ka ho kheloha ha viscosity ho tloha libakeng tse reriloeng, e leng se nolofalletsang karabelo e potlakileng mathateng a kang ho senyeha ha polymer kapa ho tsoakana ha mokelikeli ka tsela e sa lebelloang.
- Pono le Tlaleho:Li-dashboard li bonts'a liprofaele tsa viscosity, mekhoa le ho kheloha ka nako ea sebele, li tšehetsa taolo e atlehang ea ts'ebetso ea ho sweep le ho rarolla mathata ka potlako.
- Kopanyo le Ntlafatso ea Tlhahiso:Lintlha tsa ho teteana, ha li kopantsoe le sekhahla sa tlhahiso le lipalo tsa khatello, li tataisa phetoho e matla ea mahloriso a polymer le maano a ente ho eketsa chai ea ho khutlisa oli.
Ho kenya tlhahlobo ea viscosity le lisebelisoa mesebetsing ea letsatsi le letsatsi ho matlafatsa motheo oa EOR e nang le moroallo oa polymer—ho nolofalletsa basebetsi ba masimo ho laola ka boqhetseke katleho ea ho phunya, ho arabela ho kheloha ha ts'ebetso, le ho fana ka pholiso e tšepahalang le e theko e tlaase ea oli maemong a boima a ts'ebetso ea oli le khase metsing a tebileng.
Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa (Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa)
1. Ke hobane'ng ha ho hlaka ha tharollo ea polyacrylamide ho le bohlokoa ho likhohola tsa polymer bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ho ntlafetseng?
Viscosity ea tharollo ea Polyacrylamide e laola ka ho toba karolelano ea ho tsamaea pakeng tsa metsi a kenngoeng le oli ea baahi nakong ea likhohola tsa polymer. Viscosity e phahameng ea tharollo e fokotsa ho tsamaea ha metsi a kenngoeng, e leng se lebisang ho ts'ebetsong e ntle ea ho phunya le ho fokotsa ho tsamaisa metsi. Sena se nolofalletsa tharollo ea polymer ho tlosa oli e qabeletsoeng ka katleho, e leng se lebisang ho tsosolosong e eketsehileng ea oli masimong a oli le khase a tebileng. Viscosity e ntlafalitsoeng e boetse e fokotsa ho phunyeha ha metsi pele ho nako 'me e ntlafatsa karolo e ka pele ea ho falla ha oli, e leng senotlolo sa ho eketsa tlhahiso ka ho sebelisa mekhoa ea ho hlaphoheloa ha oli e ntlafalitsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale. Lipatlisiso li tiisa hore ho boloka viscosity e phahameng ea polyacrylamide ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e sebetsang ea ho phunya le ts'ebeliso e atlehileng ea tšimo ho tsosolosong ea oli e ntlafalitsoeng ea polymer.
2. Ke lintlha life tsa bohlokoa tse susumetsang ho hlaka ha tharollo ea polymer nakong ea ts'ebetso ea EOR?
Mabaka a 'maloa a ts'ebetso le a amanang le letamo a ama ho hlaka ha tharollo ea polymer:
- Letswai:Letswai le phahameng, haholo-holo ka di-cation tse arohaneng tse kang calcium le magnesium, le ka fokotsa ho teteana ha polyacrylamide. Litharollo li tlameha ho etsoa hore li lule li tsitsitse tlas'a maemo a metsi a letamo.
- Mocheso:Lithempereichara tse phahameng tsa polokelo hangata li fokotsa ho teteana ha tharollo 'me li ka potlakisa ho senyeha ha polymer. Li-polymer tse tsitsitseng mochesong kapa li-additives li ka hlokahala bakeng sa masimo a tebileng kapa a mocheso o phahameng.
- Sekhahla sa ho beola:Ho kuta ho tsoa lipompong, liphaepheng, kapa mecheng e nang le masoba ho ka baka tahlehelo ea viscosity ka ho senyeha ha mechine. Li-polymer tse fokotsang ho kuta li ratoa ka lebaka la ho mamella ha tsona libakeng tse nang le lebelo le phahameng.
- Mahloriso a Polymer:Ho eketsa mahloriso a polymer ho eketsa ho hlaka ha tharollo, ho ntlafatsa ho sweep empa ho ka eketsa mathata a ho kenya kapa litšenyehelo.
- Litšila:Boteng ba oli, lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, le likokoana-hloko li ka senya polymer le ho fokotsa ho teteana.
Ho kopanngoa ha li-nanoparticles e le li-additives (mohlala, SiO₂) ho bontšitse tšepiso ea ho ntlafatsa viscosity le botsitso, haholo-holo tlas'a letsoai le matla le maemo a mocheso, empa likotsi tsa ho bokellana li tlameha ho laoloa.
3. Tekanyo ea viscosity e ka hare e ntlafatsa katleho ea likhohola tsa polymer joang?
Tekanyo ea viscosity e kahare e fana ka data e tsoelang pele, ea nako ea sebele holim'a tharollo ea polymer ha e ntse e lokisoa le ho kenngoa. Sena se fana ka melemo e 'maloa:
- Maikutlo a Hang-hang:Basebelisi ba ka lemoha liphetoho tsa viscosity hang-hang 'me ba etsa liphetoho tsa hang-hang ho liparamente tsa mahloriso a polymer kapa ente.
- Netefaletso ea boleng:E netefatsa hore sehlopha se seng le se seng sa polymer se fihlela ho viscous e reriloeng, se boloka ts'ebetso e tsitsitse le ho fokotsa litšila.
- Bokgoni ba Ts'ebetso:E fokotsa nako ea ho se sebetse, kaha ho kheloha ha ho hloke ho emela liphetho tsa laboratori tse liehang. Taolo ea nako ea sebele e tšehetsa boiketsetso, e fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa basebetsi le ho ntlafatsa moruo oa projeke ea EOR.
- Ntlafatso ea Bokgoni ba ho Finyella:Ka ho boloka ho teteana ho hoholo nakong eohle ea ente, tekanyo ea inline e eketsa katleho ea ho sweep le katleho ea ho falla ha oli, haholo-holo libakeng tse thata tsa oli le khase metsing a tebileng.
4. Ke mefuta efe ea lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang bakeng sa ho lekanya viscosity ea oli nakong ea EOR?
Mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea viscosity ea oli e sebelisoa nakong ea ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho khutlisa oli:
- Li-Viscometer tse ka hare ho mola:Fana ka tekanyo ea nako ea sebele, e tsoelang pele ka ho toba molapong oa ts'ebetso. Li tiile ebile li loketse ho kopanngoa le litsamaiso tsa taolo tse iketsang.
- Li-Viscometer tse potolohang:Disebediswa tse kang Fann-35 kapa rheometers di sebedisa spindle e potolohang ho lekanya ho teteana ha mokelikeli. Tsena di tlwaelehile bakeng sa ho nka disampole tsa laboratori le tsa sebakeng seo.
- Li-Marsh Funnel le Li-Viscometer tsa terata e thothomelang:Lisebelisoa tse bonolo, tse nkehang habobebe tse fanang ka liteko tse potlakileng, leha li sa nepahala hakaalo, tsa ho teteana.
- Teko ea Ts'ebetso e Phahameng:Lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho lekanya viscosity ea oli tse nang le ponelopele ea ho ithuta ha mochini, mohlala oa lipalo, kapa puseletso ea mocheso/khatello li ntse li sebelisoa ka ho eketsehileng, haholo-holo nts'etsopele ea libaka tsa oli tsa dijithale le bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea likhohola tsa polymer.
Ho hlokahala ho nepahala ha ho khethoa ha disebediswa, ho tiea ha tshimo, ditjeo le ho kopanngwa ha data tshebetsong.
5. Ho ntlafatsa bokgoni ba ho tjhesa ho thusa jwang ho kgutliseng oli masimong a metsi a tebileng?
Bokgoni ba ho phumula bo bolela karolo ya polokelo ya oli e kopaneng le ho tloswa ke maro a kentsweng. Ntshetsong ya oli le khase metsing a tebileng, ho se tshwane, dikarolelano tse phahameng tsa ho tsamaya, le ho tsamaisa dikanale ho fokotsa bokgoni ba ho phumula mme ho siya oli e kgolo e sa amohelwe.
Ho ntlafatsa bokgoni ba ho sweep ka taolo ya viscosity ho netefatsa:
- Ho ikopanya le batho ba bangata:Tharollo ea polymer e tiileng haholoanyane e jala karolo e ka pele ea moroallo, e fokotsa ho kenella ha mokero le menoana.
- Oli e sa feteng letho:Ho ntlafala ha maemo ho netefatsa hore libaka tse neng li sa phutholoha pele li kopana le maro a kenngoeng.
- Ntlha e Ntlafalitsoeng ea Pholiso:Ho falla ha oli ka katleho ho bolela tlhahiso e phahameng ea oli e bokellaneng.
Nako ea poso: Pulungoana-07-2025
