Tekanyo e nepahetseng ea bongata ba inline e bohlokoa tlhahisong ea acetonitrile (methyl cyanide). Ho feto-fetoha ho hoholo ha Acetonitrile le ho arohana ho felletseng ha metsi ka karohano e rarahaneng, ho hloka lintlha tse tsoelang pele bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ho nepahetseng ha solvent le ntlafatso ea chai.
Bongata ba lik'hemik'hale tse ka hare ho mola bo fokotsa lihlopha tse sa hlahlojoeng le tahlehelo ea thepa libakeng tse tsoelang pele tsa tlhahiso. Tekanyo ea nako ea sebele ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa netefatso ea boleng ba API, ho hlaphoheloa ha solvent ka katleho, le ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ho tsoa taolong ea lihlahisoa tse ling tsa neonicotinoids.
Li-Neonicotinoids ke Eng
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Phallo ea Ts'ebetsoof AcetonitrileTlhahiso
Tlhahiso ea acetonitrile ea indasteri (methyl cyanide) e itšetlehile ka litsela tse tharo tse ka sehloohong: karabelo ea condensation, substitution ea nucleophilic, le phapanyetsano ea ester. Tsela e kholo ke sehlahisoa sa tlhahiso ea acrylonitrile, e hlokang ho qhibiliha ha karoloana bakeng sa karohano. Condensation e tobileng ea acetaldehyde ka ammonia le moea holim'a bismuth molybdate e hlahisa acetonitrile, empa e ikarabella bakeng sa karolo e nyane ka lebaka la chai e tlase.
Ho nkeloa sebaka ha nucleophilic ho sebelisa haloethanes le cyanides, e leng se fanang ka CH₃CH₂CN, empa ha ho fumanehe haholo ka lebaka la likotsi tsa lijo le katleho e tlase ea litšenyehelo. Phapanyetsano ea ester, joalo ka methanolysis ea acetamide, e na le chai e tlase ea indasteri. Boemo ba ho belisa ba Acetonitrile (81.6°C) le ho kopana ka botlalo ka karohano ea phephetso ea metsi - tekanyo ea inline density e ntlafatsa mekhahlelo ea ho sebelisa hape le ho hloekisa.
Acetonitrile e nkoa e le tharollo ea polar aprotic ho organic intermediate le API synthesis, e nang le mesebetsi ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea likokoanyana tsa neonicotinoid. Tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea solvent e eketsa bohloeki, chai le polokeho ho recrystallization le ts'ebetsong ea noka.
Tlhokomelo ea BongataLiphephetsoka hare hoAcetonitrileTlhahiso
Dikinetiki tse potlakileng tsa tshebetso tlhahisong ya acetonitrile di hloka tlhokomelo ya nako ya sebele ho laola sekgahla sa karabelo e potlakileng le di-intermediate tsa nakoana. Mekgwa ya karabelo ya ho koaleha ha metsi, jwalo ka e ditseleng tsa ammoxidation, e hloka karabelo ya hanghang ka lebaka la kutloelo-bohloko ya mocheso le kgatello. Di-feedstock tse feto-fetohang tse tswang mehloding e ntjhafatswang le ya mesaletsa ya kgale di hlahisa diphetoho tsa mahloriso a methyl cyanide, e leng se amang mehato e theohelang tlase. Tekanyo ya bongata ba inline e lemoha diphetoho tsena hanghang, e boloka maemo a sepheo esita le ka ditshila tsa bioethanol kapa ammonia.
Taolo e nepahetseng ea solvent e bohlokoa mehatong ea ho etsa li-recrystallization bakeng sa bohloeki, kaha ho kopana ka botlalo ha acetonitrile le metsi ho sitisa habonolo katleho ea karohano ka 5-10%. Acetonitrile e nepahetseng joalo ka solvent ea polar aprotic e bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea likokoanyana tsa neonicotinoid, moo ho kheloha ha 0.5% ho ka fokotsang chai ea sehlahisoa ka ho fihlela ho 3%. Tekanyo e otlolohileng e thibela lihlopha tse sa hlalosoang litsamaisong tsa phallo e tsoelang pele, e fokotsa litšila tsa solvent ka ho fihla ho 8% le ho fokotsa liketsahalo tsa ts'ebetso e ncha ea metsi.
dibopeho tsa dikhemikhale tsa dibolaya-dikokwana-hloko tse tlwaelehileng tsa neonicotinoid
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Mekhoa ea ho Lekanya Boima ba Molumo o ka Hare
Limithara tsa tekanyo e kahare tse kang tube e thothomelang le li-sensor tse thehiloeng ho Coriolis li fana ka data e tsoelang pele, ea nako ea sebele mabapi le mahloriso a acetonitrile nakong ea tlhahiso ea lintho tse phelang. Limithara tsa tekanyo ea lik'hemik'hale tse tsoang Lonnmeter li amana ka ho toba le thepa ea 'mele ea acetonitrile, li tšehetsa boiketsetso ntle le ho nka sampole ka letsoho. Li-sensor tsena tse kahare li sebetsa tlas'a maemo a matla a mocheso le phallo a tloaelehileng karabelong ea condensation le lits'ebetsong tsa ho nkeloa sebaka ha nucleophilic.
Limithara tsa boima ba tube tse thothomelang li lekanya bohareng ba molapo, li fana ka ho nepahala ha ±0.001 g/cm³ esita le ka metsoako e feto-fetohang joalo ka acetonitrile. Lisebelisoa tsa Coriolis li fana ka boima bo habeli le karabelo ea phallo. Ka bobeli li mamella mocheso o tloaelehileng ho tloha ho -20°C ho isa ho 120°C le khatello ea liphaephe ho fihlela ho 3 Mpa. Lisebelisoa tsena li boloka botšepehi ba ts'ebetso ha li sebetsana le ho feto-fetoha ho hoholo ha acetonitrile le ho kopana ho felletseng ka metsi.
Tekanyo e tsitsitseng ea inline e ntlafatsa likarolelano tsa phepo ho nkela sebaka sa nucleophilic, e koala li-feedback loops phapanyetsanong ea ester, 'me e fokotsa tahlehelo ea chai ho tsoa ho lihlopha tse sa hlalosoang. Tlhokomelo ea inline e boetse e nolofalletsa tlhahiso e matla ea API mme e tšehetsa litlhoko tse tiileng tsa bohloeki ho tlhophiso ea meriana le neonicotinoid.
Melemo ea ho Kopanya Methara ea Boima/Mahloriso a Inline
Limithara tsa tekanyo e ka hare li nolofalletsa ho lemoha hang-hang ho kheloha ha ts'ebetso tlhahisong ea acetonitrile, ho tšehetsa bohloeki bo tsoelang pele le ho fokotsa ho lieha ha tokiso. Tekanyo ea ka hare ea nako ea sebele e boloka thepa e nepahetseng ea acetonitrile e hlokahalang bakeng sa karabelo e nepahetseng ea condensation le sebaka sa nucleophilic. Taolo e tsitsitseng ea mahloriso e thibela sehlahisoa se sa hlalosoang nakong ea tlhahiso ea methyl cyanide, e fokotsa tahlehelo ea thepa ho fihlela ho 15% ha e bapisoa le ho nka sampole ntle le inthanete.
Lisebelisoa tse ka hare ho Lonnmeter li kopana le maemo a thata a ts'ebetso, li boloka tlhahiso e tšepahalang nakong ea karabelo e potlakileng ea phapanyetsano ea ester kapa mekhahlelo e ruileng ea li-solvent. Tlhokomelo e ntlafalitsoeng nakong ea mehato ea ho etsa li-recrystallization e sireletsa bohloeki ba sehlahisoa, e lumellang tlhahiso ea lintho tse phelang ho fihlela chai e fetang 98%. Phallo e nepahetseng ea data e tsebisa taolo e matla ea li-solvent, e fokotsa kotsi ea tšilafalo tlhahisong ea metsoako e sebetsang ea meriana (API).
Ka ho kopanya dibolaya-dikokwana-hloko tsa neonicotinoids, maemo a tsitsitseng a acetonitrile a ntlafatsa tlhahiso ya karabelo le ho thibela ho thehwa ha dihlahiswa tse sa batleheng. Tekanyo e otlolohileng e fokotsa tahlehelo ya tikoloho e amanang le tlhahiso ya neonicotinoid ka ho fana ka ho latela di-solvent ka nepo, ho thusa ho latela melao le boiteko ba ho tshwarella.
Rarolla Mathata a ho Ikamahanya le Metsi ka ho Iketsahalla in AcetonitrilePtlhahiso
Kopa khotheishene e etselitsoeng ho rarolla liphephetso tsa tekanyo ea bongata ba inline le ho matlafatsa taolo tlhahisong ea acetonitrile, ho kenyeletsoa le thepa le ts'ebeliso ea methyl cyanide, lits'ebetso tsa solvent ea polar aprotic, le litlhoko tsa tikoloho bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa neonicotinoid.
Nako ea poso: Pherekhong-27-2026
