Hababka cabbirka cufnaanta dareeraha ee khadka dhexe ee wax ku oolka ah waxay yareeyaan kharashyada alaabta ceeriin, waxay taageeraan dhammaystirka alwaaxda biyaha ku jirta ee isku midka ah, waxayna fududeeyaan habka guud ee wax soo saarka dahaarka. La socodka waqtiga-dhabta ah wuxuu yareeyaa kala duwanaanshaha habka, wuxuu yareeyaa qashinka alaabta ceeriin ah, wuxuuna kordhiyaa isku halaynta hawlgalka. Wax soo saarka joogtada ah ee saafiga ah wuxuu hubiyaa tayada xasilloon ee codsiyada hoose ee dahaarka horumarsan iyo qaybaha kale ee kiimikada.
Warshadda Warshadaha ee Ethyl Acetate
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Hordhac
Saxnaanta cabbirka cufnaanta dareeraha waqtiga-dhabta ah waxay si toos ah u saameysaa hufnaanta wax soo saarka ethyl acetate iyo warshadahadahaarkaTayada. Mitirka cufnaanta khadka, sida dareemayaasha gariirka iyo cantilever resonance, waxay yareeyaan khaladaadka qaabaynta, iyagoo saxaya isbeddellada cufnaanta ilbiriqsiyo gudahood. Cilmi-baaristu waxay muujinaysaa in dareemayaashani ay xakameeyaan wax soo saarka habka ethyl acetate oo ka sarreeya 95% iyadoo la adeegsanayo esterification Fischer, iyagoo yareynaya aashitada acetic iyo ethanol ee la khasaariyay. Cabbiraadaha khadka tooska ah ee otomaatiga ah waxay ilaaliyaan cufnaanta deggan inta lagu jiro kala-guurka socodka habka - falcelinta, kala-soocidda, iyo isku-darka - hagaajinta waxqabadka deegaanka u fiican ee dahaarka alwaaxa biyaha. Dabagalka waqtiga-dhabta ah wuxuu ka hortagaa kala duwanaanshaha taasoo horseedda dildilaaca filimka iyo rinjiga oo libdha. Isku-darka mitirada uruurinta khadka gudaha ee wax soo saarka dahaarka waxay suurtogal ka dhigaysaa in si degdeg ah loo hagaajiyo saamiga maaddooyinka si loo kala firdhiyo isku mid ah iyo emulsification. Qalabka khadka ee Lonnmeter wuxuu cabbiraa cufnaanta, viscosity, iyo heerkulka si loo sameeyo dahaarka horumarsan, waara iyadoo la adeegsanayo ethyl acetate, iyadoo meesha laga saarayo iswaafaqla'aanta dufcadda iyo hagaajinta tallaabo kasta oo wax soo saar ah.
Dulmar Guud oo ku saabsan Habka Wax Soo Saarka Ethyl Acetate
Habka wax soo saarka ethyl acetate wuxuu adeegsadaa Fischer esterification, isagoo gaaraya wax soo saar ka badan 95% iyadoo la adeegsanayo xuduudaha la xakameeyey. Jaantuska socodka habka ethyl acetate ee caadiga ah wuxuu soo bandhigayaa saddex marxaladood oo waaweyn: falgal, kala-soocid, iyo nadiifin. Inta lagu jiro marxaladda falgalka, ethanol wuxuu la falgalaa acetic acid, isagoo isticmaalaya aashitada sulfuric sida kiciye iyadoo la raacayo heerkulka iyo cadaadiska joogtada ah.
Cabbirka cufnaanta khadka gudaha wuxuu isku daraa meelaha muhiimka ah, oo ay ku jiraan weelka falcelinta, cutubyada kala-soocidda, iyo haamaha isku-darka. Qalabka mitirka Lonnmeter wuxuu awood u siinayaa la socodka cufnaanta waqtiga-dhabta ah, isagoo wanaajiya kala-soocidda marxaladda iyo meelaha laga jaro kala-soocidda. La socodka cufnaanta dareeraha ee khadka gudaha marxaladahan wuxuu ka hortagaa alaabada aan la cayimin wuxuuna taageeraa ka saarista biyaha inta lagu jiro nadiifinta.
Xakamaynta cufnaanta saxda ah ayaa muhiim u ah qaababka dahaarka alwaaxa ee biyaha ku jira ee xiga.Joogtaynta dareerahasifooyinka waxay hubiyaan dabacsanaan deggan, iyagoo yareynaya sababaha keena dildilaaca filimka iyo jabka rinjiga ee dahaarka alwaaxa deegaanka u fiican. Mitirka cufnaanta khadka gudaha ee isku dhafan ayaa bixiya jawaab celin degdeg ah, iyagoo kor u qaadaya isku midnimada iyo waxqabadka la isku halleyn karo ee tallaabooyinka wax soo saarka dahaarka warshadaha.
Soo saarista ethyl acetate iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka kiimikada iyo habka bayoolojiga
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Wax soo saarka Dahaarka Warshadaha iyo Dahaarka Alwaaxa Biyaha
Dahaarka alwaaxa biyaha ku jira wuxuu ku tiirsan yahay ethyl acetate oo ah dareere aasaasi ah si loo sameeyo filim degdeg ah iyo isku mid ahaanshaha dusha sare. Habka wax soo saarka ethyl acetate waa inuu keenaa wax soo saar saafi ah si uu u buuxiyo heerarka dahaarka ee dalbanaya. Tallaabooyinka isku darka, kala firdhinta, iyo emulsification waxay u baahan yihiin uruurinta dareeraha la xakameeyey si looga hortago kala-soocidda wejiga iyo sifooyinka filimka ee aan iswaafaqsanayn.
Tallaabooyinka wax soo saarka dahaarka warshadaha - isku darka walxaha, isku-darka, shaandhaynta, iyo baakadaynta - waxay u baahan yihiin la socodka waqtiga-dhabta ah ee fiirsashada dareeraha. Kala firdhinta cufnaanta ee la xakameeyey waxay yareysaa sababaha libdhaya rinjiga waxayna hagaajisaa is-waafajinta socodka oo ay keento is-beddelka is-beddelka. Hababka cabbirka cufnaanta dareeraha waxay hagaajiyaan isku-dheellitirka habka waxayna hubiyaan in dahaarka alwaaxa ee deegaanka u fiican uu leeyahay dhalaal isku mid ah, cimri dherer, iyo heer qalajin. Ka hortagga kala-soocidda iyo isku-darka waxay dammaanad qaadaysaa dhammaystir alwaax ah oo biyo-mareenka ah oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka warshadaha ee waxqabadka sare leh.
Caqabadaha Cabbirka Cufnaanta Waqtiga-dhabta ah
Kala duwanaanshaha kaydka cuntada ee habka wax soo saarka ethyl acetate wuxuu si toos ah u saameeyaa kinetics esterification. Wasakhda, biyaha ku jira, iyo saamiga falgalka ee isbeddelaya waxay beddelaan heerarka falgalka waxayna beddelaan astaamaha cufnaanta, taasoo keenta isku dheelitir la'aanta isku-darka badeecada. Heerkulka habka ayaa laga yaabaa inuu isbeddelo ±5°C, isbeddellada cadaadiska ee ka badan ±0.1 bar-na waxay farageliyaan hababka cabbirka cufnaanta dareeraha ee saxda ah, taasoo u baahan gudbinta heerkulka gudaha iyo gudbinta cadaadiska gudaha si loo saxo akhrinta.
Adkaha la hakiyey iyo isbeddellada ku yimaada viscosity-ga ayaa dhib ku ah saxnaanta dareemayaasha. Mitirka cufnaanta khadka iyo mitirka viscosity-ga khadka ee laga helo Lonnmeter-ka ayaa saameyn kara haddii culayska walxaha uu ka sarreeyo 50 μm ama viscosity-gu uu ka sarreeyo 2000 cP, taasoo qalloocinaysa akhrinta. Kala duwanaanshaha dufcadda-ilaa-dufcadda - oo caadi u ah tallaabooyinka wax soo saarka dahaarka warshadaha - waxay kordhiyaan hubanti la'aanta xakamaynta sifooyinka badeecadaha dhammaadka, gaar ahaan marka ilaha alaabta ceeriin ay isbeddelaan toddobaadle.
Kala-soocidda walxaha iyo kala-soocidda qulqulka, oo inta badan dhacda marka la isku darayo dahaarka alwaaxda biyaha ka soo baxa, waxay horseeddaa calaamado cufnaan aan la isku halleyn karin oo ku jira socodka marxaladaha badan. Jaangooyooyinka cufnaanta ee 0.02 g/cm³ ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka soo baxaan dhuumaha ama haamaha, taasoo keenta leexasho ku timaadda dhammaystirka alwaaxda biyaha ka soo baxda. Caqabadahani waxay xoojinayaan baahida loo qabo in la cabbiro cufnaanta dareeraha iyadoo la raacayo xaalado si adag loo xakameeyey oo loogu talagalay dahaarka alwaaxda ee deegaanka u fiican.
Faa'iidooyinka Isku-darka Mitirka Cufnaanta Gudaha/Mitirka Xoojinta
Mitirka cufnaanta khadka iyo mitirrada fiirsashada, sida kuwa Lonnmeter, waxay sare u qaadaan xakamaynta habka habka wax soo saarka ethyl acetate. Waxay si degdeg ah u bixiyaan ogaanshaha xalalka aan gaarka ahayn, taasoo suurtogalinaysa hagaajin degdeg ah oo ku timaadda tallaabada esterification Fischer ama inta lagu jiro isku darka. Xogta waqtiga-dhabta ah waxay yareysaa leexashada habka, iyadoo kordhinaysa isku-dhafka wax-soo-saarka oo ka sarreeya 95%.
Hababka cabbiraadda cufnaanta dareeraha ee joogtada ah waxay gacan ka geystaan ilaalinta daahirnimada badeecada inta lagu jiro nadiifinta iyo nadiifinta. Tani waxay yaraynaysaa dib-u-habaynta qaaliga ah iyo qashinka alaabta ceeriin ah, oo muhiim u ah wax soo saarka hufan ee ethyl acetate.
Habka soo saarista dahaarka ee dahaarka alwaaxa biyaha laga soo saaro, xakamaynta cufnaanta khadka gudaha waxay hubisaa in dufcad kasta ay bixiso qaab filim oo isku mid ah. Cufnaanta deggan waxay si weyn u yareysaa sababaha dildilaaca filimka iyo dadaallada ka hortagga maadaama ay xakameyso dheelitir la'aanta dareeraha. Waxay sidoo kale si toos ah u yareysaa sababaha iyo hagaajinta rinjiga oo libdha, iyadoo hubineysa in si joogto ah loo isticmaalo oo loo qalajiyo.
Codso qiimeyn loogu talagalay mitirka cufnaanta khadka. Wax ka qabso caqabadaha muhiimka ah ee habka wax soo saarka ethyl acetate adigoo hirgelinaya hababka cabbirka cufnaanta dareeraha ee saxda ah. Kordhi tallaabooyinka wax soo saarka dahaarka warshadaha, laga bilaabo jaantuska socodka habka ethyl acetate ilaa codsiga dahaarka alwaaxa biyaha. Xalli sababaha dildilaaca filimka iyo arrimaha ka hortagga, yaree sababaha iyo hagaajinta rinjiga, oo hagaaji habka dahaarka alwaaxa ee deegaanka u fiican adigoo cabbiraya cufnaanta dareeraha si toos ah khadka. Sug qaabaynta joogtada ah, yaree qashinka, oo hagaaji tayada dhammaystirka alwaaxa biyaha.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-26-2026
